final exam review 2014 oceans: coriolis effect: deflection of moving objects north= right...
TRANSCRIPT
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Final Exam Review2014
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Oceans:
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Coriolis Effect: deflection of moving objects
North= Right (clockwise) South= Left (counter clockwise)
Basin Shape: Coastline AKA the toilet bowl
Major causes of ocean currents
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Salinity
INCREASES (salt concentration goes up)
Evaporation Ice formation
Decreases(salt concentration goes down)
Fresh water goes in Rain Surface runoff
Ice Melts
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El Nino Conditions:
Trade winds are weak or reversed
Ocean current then is reversed Less hurricanes
Floods in South America Bad for fishing
Droughts in Australia and Indonesia
US warmer winters (Michigan)
Ocean-Atmosphere Patterns
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What is a mineral?
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Minerals
• 4 basic rules for classifying minerals1. Inorganic
2. Naturally occurring
3. Regular crystal arrangement (solid)
4. Definite Chemical Composition
• Rocks are made of minerals!
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Mineral Identification
1. Hardness
2. Luster
3. Streak
4. Cleavage & Fracture
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Hardness
• Moh’s Hardness scale– 1 thru 10
– 1 being the softest 10 being the hardest
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Hardness
1
• Softest –Can be
scratched by a fingernail
Talc
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Hardness
7HardScratches glass
Quartz
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Minerals are made of elementsAtomic # = # protons (+)
Atomic mass Protons+ Neutrons
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How many neutrons does Iron have?
TimerTimes up!
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Atoms of elements can be charged Protons >electrons = PositiveElectrons>Protons = Negative
Charges are shown in superscript
Na 1+
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Ores Mineral deposit from which a metal or
nonmetal can be profitably extracted
Native Elements Native element minerals are those
elements that occur in nature in uncombined form with a distinct mineral structure.
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Michigan common ores Aggregate
Sand, gravel Used for construction
Halite / Brine Salt/ Salt water
Used for food Deicing (lowers freezing point of water)
Iron ore Used for industry
Copper Wires Coins
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Aggregate is an important ore. Is it a mineral?
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I. Igneous rocks are formed from molten material (magma).
A. Extrusive igneous rocks are formed when moltenrock cools above ground. Usually they are formedafter the material has been erupted by a volcano.
1. This molten materialcools quickly.
2. No crystals are visibleto the eye.
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B. Intrusive igneous rocks are formed when molten rock cools below ground.
1. These rocks cool very slowly.
2. There is lots of time for visible crystals to grow
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Igneous rock textures
Coarse
mineral grains easily visible (grains several mm in size or larger)
Granite
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Igneous rock textures
Fine
mineral grains smaller than 1mm (need hand lens or microscope to see minerals)
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Igneous rock textures
Vesicular
(Open spaces, bubbles)
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Igneous rock textures
Glassy
Shiny no visible crystals (looks like glass)