University at Buffalo

Mini Project 3

MAE 451 Goup 5

Suman Muthurayan, Mohamed Musthaq, Deepak Kumar, Harry Canate, Christopher Kotei

11/26/2013

For this project, the team surveyed a real world project at the University at Buffalo Alumni Arena’s room 175A entrance and followed a complete design process from accessing the problem to generating concepts then finally completed an embodiment design phase.

Table of Contents

Problem statement......................................................................................................................................2

Customer Requirements.............................................................................................................................3

Engineering Specification…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………5

House of Quality Discussion........................................................................................................................9

Concept Generation..................................................................................................................................13

Decision Matrix..........................................................................................................................................18

Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................22

Appendix...................................................................................................................................................27

References.................................................................................................................................................28

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Problem statement

Over the years, UB’s Alumni Arena has established itself as a vital component of the UB

structure hosting many sporting and Speaker Series events. The Alumni Arena is also one of the unduly

used spaces on campus like the Student Union. In this increasingly busy space, there is the office of the

Sr. Associate Director which has been left alone for too long without any upgrades. Though the facilities

around this office have been transformed with state of the art technology, this office has remained a

storage room retrofitted to become an office space.

This section of the project is a newly designed entrance way that will get a touch of the present and

the future to meet the needs of Mr. Marcus Hutchins and his staff. The current issues with the entrance

are listed below:

Looks like a storage room

The door is too heavy

The noise from the outside is disturbing

Door is not user friendly

Does not look like an Sr. Associate Director’s office

Therefore the redesign of a new entrance way will address all of above issues and include some features

that were specifically requested by Mr. Hutchins. The suggestions mentioned are included below:

Key pad entry

Schedule meeting by typing in last name and time

Modern and futuristic look to the design element

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Customer RequirementsMajor Stake Holders

In order to fully address the problems mentioned above, our team investigated and selected a

list of people deemed responsible or affected by any solution developed from this project. Obviously,

Mr. Marcus Huntchin’s and his associated staff (from here referred to as Mr. Huntchin) are the most

important group given that they would be directly affected but other groups of individuals, matter as

well and hence have to be considered.

Mr. Huntchin’s

The primary user of this solution will be Mr. Huntchin’s and all of his associates, hence it is critical to

weight his opinions significantly more than other stakeholders because he will interact on a daily bases

with the new entrance way. He is also the customer requesting the redesign on the entrance, hence the

primary client. Based on the current list of customer attributes generated below, this group is directly

affected by the following list:

Security System

User Friendly

Easy to Open

Visibility

Eye Catching

Manufacturability

The University at Buffalo:

The project space is owned by the University and thus all funds available for its redesign will be

dispersed from its budget. With this in mind, it is essential to make sure that any final solution meets the

standards of the University and does not include a feature that might violate any by-laws. Lastly, the

team must make sure the cost of the product is acceptable to the financial department. Based on the

current list of customer attributes generated, this group is directly affected by the following list:

Improve quality of education

Installation Process

Required Maintenance

External Impacts

Safety

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Explanation of Customer Requirements

Easy to open:The door currently being used has several difficulties in opening and closing. It requires a huge force to overcome the friction in the hinges and the grip in the handles was not quite preferable. Newly design door should be easy to open and close without causing the user much trouble which enables quick access and exit.

User friendly:The door must be an inviting one for the user. It should be very convenient to deal with like proper function, easy to maintain, easy to install and replace, and makes no noise while opening and closing. The mechanism used like the sliders should be smooth and strong.

Safety:Safety is an important factor for the door. The sensors used must function precisely to avoid collision with the people and should have been installed in a way that door can withstand external impacts. Also the door must be programmed to unlock and open automatically in an emergency.

Security System:Security is a key factor to avoid things like robbery. Card access system and keypad access ensures more security than mechanical locking systems. Also an alarm system if unauthorized person tries to get in ensures more security.

External Impacts:Door is an object that keeps the room out of external impacts like sound, light, and heat. Especially a room inside the gym can be really noisy. The user likes a peaceful environment out of noise, light, or any other form of external effects.

Visibility:Consumer needs to keep an eye on the gym while he was working inside to make sure everything is going well. A cc camera would satisfy his requirement which enables him to see the exterior from his pc.

Required maintenance:Does not matter how complex the concept or mechanism used, to operate the door. The consumer always like to have less maintenance cost and time in order to ensure a proper functioning of the door.

Installation Process:Quick and easy installation is preferred by the user which helps him get back to work soon. Also the consumer wants installation procedures to be simple and not affecting any other parts of his facility.

Manufacturability:

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This applies to the customer group called manufacturer. Raw materials used for the components must be cheap and also high in quality, components should be easy to fabricate (less machining) and be able to withstand force applied.

Eye catching:Good look attracts visitors. A glass door which has a keypad on it and a card access system are preferable.

Engineering Specification

To provide the solution for the discussed problem statement, our group has discussed the

customer requirement from the perspective of the main stake holder Mr. Marcus Hutchins. For each

customer requirement our group developed corresponding engineering specifications, assigned a target

specification to either maximize or minimize the quantity. The final customer requirements and

engineering specifications are listed below:

Customer requirements Engineering specifications Target SpecificationEasy to open The force required (lbf)

The dimension of the door (ft)Weight of the door (lbf)

MINIMIZETARGETMINIMIZE

User Friendly Training Time (hour) MINIMIZESafety Factor of safety (unit less) TARGETSecurity Response time (sec)

Power consumption (Watts):MINIMIZEMINIMIZE

External Impacts Amount of sound (decibels, dB)Luminosity (Candela, cd):

MINIMIZEMINIMIZE

Visibility Pixel Density (PPI)Opacity (ft2/lbf)

MAXIMIZEMINIMIZE

Required Maintenance Associated Cost ($): MINIMIZEInstallation Preparation time (sec)

Time required to install (sec)MINIMIZEMINIMIZE

Manufacturability Associated cost ($) MINIMIZEEye-catching Refractive index (degrees) MINIMIZE

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Explanation of Engineering Specification

The force required (lbf):

This address the force that required to open the door that we going to use the door at

the entrance. When we meet Mr.Marcus Hutchins he said, the current door is very

difficult to open and he looking for a door something easier to open. Therefore, it has to

be very less force so that the user can open and close the door easily. Therefore, to

accomplish the customer requirement ‘Easy to open’ the specification should be

maximized.

The dimensions of the door (ft):

If you see the figure 1.0, you can observe that there is a gap between the two doors

where people can see easily what is inside the room. Due to this the room is used as a

storage closet. By providing accurate dimension with less tolerance will make the room

more confidential. Therefore, this specification should be in target with correct

dimension in order to achieve the customer requirement of ‘easy to open’.

Weight of the door (lbf):

The current door is manufactured using heavy wood material which makes the user to

open and close the door difficult during an emergency time. Using appropriate materials

such like glasses, steel frames and rollers will reduce the weight of the door and makes

the entrance easier to access. Therefore, this specification should be minimized in order

to complete the customer requirement of ‘easy to open’.

Training time (Hour):

This is the time allocation to get use to the mechanism and tools that has implemented

to the door in order to enhance the entrance system. It should be easier to adoptable

the mechanism and technology that we implemented to the door. Therefore, this

specification should be minimized in order to achieve the customer requirement of

‘User friendly’.

Factor of safety (unit less):

This addresses the factor of safety of the door which is the ratio of allowable strength

and ultimate strength of the door. When the factor safety reduces the selected

component will have long life cycle. Therefore, by minimizing the factor of safety to the

door at the entrance system will have long life cycle which achieve the customer

requirement of ‘safety’.

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Response time (sec):

This addresses the time that take by the motion sensors to response to the user or other

person who is inside or outside the entrance. Further, the sensors that used in the

entrance should be programmed to secure the room. It is also to be smooth and quick

to respond therefore, this specification should be maximized in order to accomplish the

customer requirement of ‘security.’

Power consumption (Watts):

This discusses about the energy consumption in a given time period by entrance system.

The entrance will have sensors and other electrical equipment to accomplish the

customer requirement of ‘security’. Again choosing proper materials and other electrical

equipment will help to minimize the power consumption that required to the entrance.

Amount of sound (decibels, dB):

The room is located inside the main fitness gym at the Alumni Arena. However, due to

the gap between the two doors the user inside the room hears lot of noise. This can be

reduced by proper insulation and dimension. Therefore, the amount of sound should be

minimized to satisfy the customer requirement of ‘external impacts’.

Luminosity (Candela ,cd):

This is addresses the brightness of the door which will be easier to the customer to

inspect who is waiting outside the room. Therefore, the glass should bright and clear

enough to see easily. Therefore this specification should be maximized in order to

complete the customer requirement of ‘external impacts’

Pixel Density (PPI):

This addresses the visual quality of any video/picture device that is used in the entrance

system to inspect by user to see who is standing outside the entrance. This should be

very clear in order to achieve the customer requirement of ‘visibility’. The visual will be

clearer with a higher pixel density. Therefore, this specification should be maximized to

have better entrance with quality camera.

Opacity (ft2/slug) :

Again, this is the light that comes inside to the room through the gap that exists

between the doors. This is a big issue because when no one inside the room or when

the lights off inside the room still people can see what is inside the room through the

light coming from outside. This can be reduced using smart glass which changes

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transparent to translucent when activated. Therefore we have to be in the target

therefore, we have to eliminate the amount of light goes inside.

Associated Cost ($):

This states the cost allocated to maintain the entrance system, sensors, cc camera etc.

for long life. This equipment should work properly without any errors in order to keep

the room secured and confidential. Therefore this specification also should be

maximized to accomplish the customer requirement of ‘required maintenance’

Preparation time (sec):

This is addresses the time that consumes to manufacture the components to the

entrance system. This specification should be minimized in order to do quick the

manufacturing process.

Time required to install (sec):

This discusses the time that take to install the required components to the entrance.

Again, this specification should be minimized to do quick user friendly installation.

Associated cost ($):

The cost allocation to buy the raw materials, buying parts, labor wage, transport

charges, tax, etc. Again this specification should be minimized in order to accomplish the

customer requirement of ‘Manufacturability’

Refractive index (degrees):

This engineering specification addresses the refractive of the glass using in the entrance.

This should be minimized in order to view easily and clearly at outside.

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House of Quality Discussion

Figure2: House of Quality Outline3.

The house of quality is divided into different sections which help clarify the most important

specifications of a customer’s desire for the functions of a specific product and an engineer’s

understanding of these desires.

-What- Customer Requirement:

This section corresponds to the customer requirements, which represents what the customer

needs or wants. Once the major stake holders have been identified, their preferences must be taken

into account. For this project, the major stake holder is Mr. Marcus Hutchins, Sr. Associate director for

Recreation, University at Buffalo, 175A Alumni Arena. In developing customer requirements, the team

scheduled and met with Mr. Marcus Hutchins at 175 A Fitness center at the Alumni Arena.

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Importance:

An instrumental method in determining the significance of the customer requirements is the Importance

scale, where 5 representing the greatest importance, and 1 having the least importance.

Customer Requirement

Importance

Easy to open 5.0Security 5.0External Impacts 5.0User friendly 4.0Safety 4.0Visibility 4.0

Table 2: Top 6 Most Important Customer Requirements

Customer Requirement

Importance

Manufacturability 3.5Installation 3.0Eye catching 2.0Table 3: least Important Customer Requirements

The importance of a customer requirement was determined based on the value of the customer and the

relevance of the requirement to the entrance system. These customer requirements received 5’s and 4’s

because the group felt they were very important to fulfill the customer’s needs. Other weak customer

requirements received an importance of 3 and 2 because they did not directly affect the customer

problems and needs to accomplish it.

-How- Engineering Specification:

The engineering specifications are located at the top of the house of quality labeled as how. This

is where the engineers relate the customer’s desire to a quantifiable attribute. These specifications are

the restatement of the design problem in terms of parameters that can be measured and have target

values. Without this information the engineers do not know if the system being developed will satisfy

the customer’s need. These specifications should be met in order to create a successful final product or

solution.

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-How vs. How- Engineering specification vs. engineering specification:

The how vs. how in Figure 1, represents the interaction between the engineering specifications

with themselves. As you can see many engineering specifications have little number of positive

correlations with the other. Units and direction of improvement are also included under the engineering

specifications. This allows us to understand the targets specification and whether that target should be

maximized or minimized. In the generated house of quality our group noticed that ‘the force required’

and ‘weigh t of the door’ has most positive correlation for the most engineering specification. It should

also be noted that there were some negative correlations amongst these engineering specifications.

However, most had no correlation at all.

-What vs. How- Customer Requirement vs. Engineering Specification:

The ‘what vs. how’ or costumer requirement vs. engineering specification is the vital part of the

house of quality. Each cell represents how an engineering specification relates to a customer’s

requirement. The relationships vary in strength, with some engineering specifications providing strong

measures for a customer’s requirement, and others providing no measure at all. The relation is

conveyed through specific symbols and numbers: Θ = strong relationship, Ο = medium relationship, ▲ =

weak relationship, Blank = 0 = no relationship at all.

The most important engineering specification is the ’Weight of the door ’ that is mentioned for

the user to open and close the door easily using less weight material. This engineering requirement had

a strong relationship to many customer requirements such as ‘Easy to open , ‘’Safety of the entrance’,

‘security of the entrance’ ,’user friendly’ and ‘Require Maintenance’ which are heavily favored customer

requirements.

The ‘The dimension of the door’ ,‘Factor of safety’ , ‘Power Consumption’, ‘The force required

and ‘opacity’ are also considered extremely important on the house of quality, which means these

engineering specifications are much consideration into improve and develop the entrance system.

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-How Much- Engineering Specification Targets and Importance:

The Figure 2, of the house of quality is where we set targets and establish how important it is to

meet each of them. There are two parts: calculating the specification importance and developing targets

for each case. Depending on how important the target is, efforts are made to expand to meet the target

or reduce for less important criteria.

Figure 2 (From Appendix i)

The steps for finding the importance are:

Step 1: For each customer requirement multiply the importance weighting with the 0-1-3-9

relationship values to get the weighted values.

Step 2: Sum the weighted values for each specification.

Step 3: Normalize these sums across all specifications

Engineering Specification Importance/WeightWeight of the door 227.6The Dimension of the door 213.6Factor of safety 207.9Power Consumption 189.5The force Required 181.6Opacity 181.6

Table 3: Top 6 Most Important Engineering Specification

The objective of our engineering specifications is to hit most of our target values and in some

cases go beyond it; while in a few other cases, minimize that target value. There seems to be no linear

trend between the customer requirements and engineering specifications; just a scattering of distinct

relationships.

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Concept Generation

After gathering some customer requirements from the sole user of the office in the

Alumni complex, the team converted these to engineering specifications then began generating

concepts. During this phase, the golden rule/understanding was that no idea was too wild or

too simple so every idea was documented.

6-3-5 Method

This method was again an epic failure just like in mini project two but this time, it was

due to the constraint brought forth by this project. There was only one customer and thus the

team didn’t really have any extra inspiration to develop more after brain storming. We also

notices that we were brainstorming features of an entrance way and not unique solutions and

thus maybe this method was not the best for this specific project. On the plus side, this method

generated more features that we lumped into new unique ideas.

Forced Connection Method

Unlike the 6-3-5 method, this was a slightly more successful method in terms of

generated concepts. In total, about 12 ideas were developed using this method. We chose this

method because according to one of our lectures, about 70% of all design is re-designing. It was

good to look online and see images of what design concepts were already on the market and

see if there was a flaw that could be identified and fixed. However, this method limited the

creativity of students and probed them to viewing many different types of doors. It was hard to

view images of entrance ways. Most of the ideas generated with this concept tied in with

different shapes and sizes of doors and not entrance ways.

Brain Storming

Our most successful generation method was brainstorming. This worked best for the

group given that it was relaxed and every one could visually see all generated concepts on a

white board. At first, the team generated concepts then mixed and matched various concepts

together to get unique ideas. We generated a lot of wilder ideas with this method and all ideas

were generated quicker. This method also opened the floor for a quick debate when ideas were

generated but again, we included every single idea mentioned.

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See below, the initial concepts generate:

1 CC camera to inspect outside 26 Phone application for the door2 Window at the door to inspect 27 Sound damper3 Opaque to translucent door 28 Use switch at the desk to open the door4 Translucent door 29 Handle bar to open the door easily5 Transparent door 30 Automated door6 Hydrophobic coating 31 Shock absorber7 Rubber coating 32 Magnetic Rail entry system8 Insulation 33 sliding entry system9 Alarm System for illegal entry 34 Collapsible entry system

10 Card Access to enter the room 35 Swinging open entry system11 Key Pad Access to enter the room 36 Revolving door12 Key Lock traditional entrance 37 Energy barrier at the entrance

13RFID Tag system to recognize the authorized personnel 38 Laser barrier at the entrance

14 Retina Scan 39 Force field15 Finger print Access 40 Teleportation device16 Facial Recognition 41 Microchips sprayed onto illegal entry17 Voice Access to open entrance 42 Glass door imaging

18Alert System to send message to the authorized personnel 43 gyroscope entrance way

19Motion sensors for alarm and opening the entrance 44

The entranceway displays time ,temperature, room no, etc.

20 Infrared sensors to open the door 45 Fountain entrance

21Touch Activation to open the door 46 wireless charging entrance

22Calling bell to alert personnel inside 47 entrance has a speaker

23 Greets user when the door opens24 Voicemail at the door25 Message when there is a guest

Concept Selection

After generating 47 concepts, the group employed the use of some of the methods

discussed in class to filter through the list of concepts in order to arrive at a shorter list. It is

important to note that most of the concepts listed below are ideas and thus are not fully

developed with manufacturing/production specifications.

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Round 1

In the first round of concept elimination, a simple yes or no was assigned to each

concept after a discussion of whether the concept would be practical and or feasible from

engineering, technical and manufacturing. This yielded 32 concepts.

CC camera to inspect outside Y Sound damper YWindow at the door to inspect Y Use switch at the desk to open the door YOpaque to translucent door Y Handle bar to open the door easily YTranslucent door Y Automated door YTransparent door N Shock absorber YHydrophobic coating Y Magnetic Rail entry system YRubber coating Y sliding entry system YInsulation Y Collapsible entry system YAlarm System for illegal entry Y Swinging open entry system NCard Access to enter the room Y Revolving door NKey Pad Access to enter the room N Energy barrier at the entrance NKey Lock traditional entrance Y Laser barrier at the entrance YRFID Tag system to recognize the authorized personnel Y Force field YRetina Scan Y Teleportation device NFinger print Access Y Microchips sprayed onto illegal entry YFacial Recognition N Glass door imaging NVoice Access to open entrance N gyroscope entrance way NAlert System to send message to the authorized personnel Y

The entranceway displays time, temperature, room no etc Y

Motion sensors for alarm and opening the entrance Y Fountain entrance YInfrared sensors to open the door N wireless charging entrance NTouch Activation to open the door Y entrance has a speaker NCalling bell to alert personnel inside YGreets user when the door opens YVoicemail at the door YMessage when there is a guest NPhone application for the door N

Table 4: Round 1 of concept selection

Round 2

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In the next round, the 32 concepts were again filtered using the same yes/no common

sense method but this time, economic and global were prioritized to yield the 20 concepts.

CC camera to inspect outside YWindow at the door to inspect NOpaque to translucent door YTranslucent door NHydrophobic coating NRubber coating YInsulation YAlarm System for illegal entry YCard Access to enter the room YKey Lock traditional entrance YRFID Tag system to recognize the authorized personnel YRetina Scan NFinger print Access YAlert System to send message to the authorized personnel NMotion sensors for alarm and opening the entrance YTouch Activation to open the door YCalling bell to alert personnel inside NGreets user when the door opens NVoicemail at the door YSound damper YUse switch at the desk to open the door YHandle bar to open the door easily NAutomated door YShock absorber NMagnetic Rail entry system Nsliding entry system YCollapsible entry system YLaser barrier at the entrance NForce field NMicrochips sprayed onto illegal entry YThe entranceway displays time, temperature, room no etc YFountain entrance Y

Table 5: Round 2 of concept selection

Round 3

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In this round of concept filtering, the gallery method was adopted and each member

was assigned 12 votes to distribute as they pleased on the concepts. Assigning votes to

concepts was done individually in hopes of eliminating people from conferring on concepts.

Also, no one was allowed to assign more than half of their votes on concept. This method

yielded 14 concepts.

Concepts Generation TotalsCC camera to inspect outside 5Opaque to translucent door 0Rubber coating 4Insulation 3Alarm System for illegal entry 4Card Access to enter the room 2Key Lock traditional entrance 3RFID Tag system to recognize the authorized personnel 4Finger print Access 0Motion sensors for alarm and opening the entrance 4Touch Activation to open the door 4Voicemail at the door 3Sound damper 6Use switch at the desk to open the door 3Automated door 5sliding entranceCollapsible entry system 1Microchips sprayed onto illegal entry 1The entranceway displays time, temperature, room no etc 4Fountain entrance 1

Table 6: Round 3 of concept selection

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Round 4

In this round of concept filtering, the gallery method was adopted again and each

member was assigned 8 votes to distribute as they pleased on the concepts. Assigning votes to

concepts was done individually in hopes of eliminating people from conferring on concepts.

Also, no one was allowed to assign more than half of their votes on a concept. This method

yielded the final 11 concepts from which the first 6 were selected for the decision matrix.

Concepts Generation totalsCC camera to inspect outside 5Rubber coating 0Insulation 5Alarm System for illegal entry 4Key Lock traditional entrance 3RFID Tag system to recognize the authorized personnel 5Motion sensors for alarm and opening the entrance 6Touch Activation to open the door 2Voicemail at the door 1Sound damper 2Use switch at the desk to open the door 0Automated door 1sliding entrance 2The entranceway displays time, temperature, room no etc 4

Table 7: Round 4 of concept selection

Below is a table that contains a list of our final 6 concepts.

Final Concepts VotesCC camera to inspect outside 5Insulation 5Alarm System for illegal entry 4RFID Tag system to recognize the authorized personnel 5Motion sensors for alarm and opening the entrance 6The entranceway displays time, temperature ,room no etc 4

Table 8: Final Concepts

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Decision Matrix The last step in our convergence process was the decision matrix (ranking). So far, we narrowed

our ideas from our previous 47 ideas to our six best alternatives. In this matrix, we utilized the

House Of Quality that we generated at the Task1 phase. The criteria were taken from the

engineering specification which the HOQ displayed to be the most significant in terms of

weight.

CRITERIA

A. Weight of the door (lbf)

B. The dimensions of the door (ft)

C. Factor of safety (unit less)

D. Power Consumption

E. Force required to open door (lbf)

F. Opacity (m^2/kg)

CriteriaA B C D E F

Weight 10.4 9.8 9.5 8.7 8.3 8.3 Overall Rank

CC camera to inspect outside 0 2 1 5 1 5 122.4 5

Insulation 3.5 4 1 0 2 4 134.9 2

Alarm System for illegal entry 2 3 1 5 2 1 128.1 3RFID Tag system to reorganize the authorized personnel 1 0 0 5 5 2.5 116.15 6

Motion sensors for alarm and opening the entrance 4 5 4 5 4.5 2 226.05 1

The entranceway displays time , temperature, room no, etc. 1 4 1 4.5 0 3.5 127.3 4

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The results from the decision matrix say that the motion sensor on the entrance way is

the winning idea. This result has many applications. One application that is well known is the

door opening and closing automatically as you step close/away from the door. Another

application could be to trigger a silent alarm, say if an unauthorized person were to enter the

room.

The decision matrix ranked insulation as the second winning idea. Since the entrance

way is in the gym, noise and moisture are the two main concerns. The door will have many

components that will fail due to the humidity in the gym area. Proper insulation could be a

water resistant coated box where the components can be placed. In order to handle the noise

situation, sound insulation can be placed between the door and the wall decreasing the noise

by many factors. Different types of material can be placed here.

The third winning concept is alarm for illegal entry. Security is one of many important

factors to consider when dealing to make an entrance way. We wouldn’t want anyone just to

walk right through and it shouldn’t be easy for someone to walk right in. Using the combination

of the motion sensors and an alarm system can be very effective when designing the alarm

system.

The fourth concept for the entrance way is to display the time, outside/inside

temperature, current events. One way to accomplish all of these frequent updates is to put a

small touch screen on the door that will display the information in a slide show fashion. The

touch screen has many more applications as well (ex. user inputs) , but it wouldn’t be put on

the door if it weren’t for this concept.

The fifth concept was to put a close circuit camera on the outside of the door. This is to

monitor events that happened outside the door for security reasons due to excessive amount

of people that enter the gym on a daily biases. Or just to see who is outside the door while

from your desk inside the office, instead of getting up and answer the door which is very old

fashion and requires work.

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The sixth concept is RFID tag system to recognize the authorized personnel.

Conventional doors have the person come to the door and open it manually whether it be

though a card, key, voice, etc. The RFID tag will recognize the person and open the door

without any user input into the system. The only requirement is to let the system recognize you

and whoever else you want to open the door.

All concepts will be considered into the final design because these concepts can be used

in combination with each other to make a “smarter” entrance way.

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TASK 4

New Concept Development

After speaking to the stakeholder responsible for this product, it became evident that

the problem statement called for a solution that was modern and technologically sophisticated.

For designing this office entrance way, the team attempted to refrain from describing the

product as a “door” given that that reference led directly to one solution which limited

creativity. With this in mind, we wanted an entrance way that was secure, aesthetically pleasing

and incorporated the use of certain electronic components. These components were used to

provide secure access to the office space in the form of CCTV cameras, a touch screen access

and an RFID entrance setup. To satisfy some aesthetics needs, we employ the use of electronics

that display the date, time, weather and trending news.

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Given the intensity placed on saving the planet and combatting global warming, the

team considered green materials and processes for production. In material choices, we

considered low energy content materials, renewable, recyclable and non-hazardous materials.

During this process, ways in which chosen materials could be recycled were researched and will

be documented further in this report. This will made it easy for the user to help the planet

when the user reaches the end of its life cycle.

Reduction of material:

Reduction of weight and material helps manufacturer and the customer in many ways.

Lesser the weight of the door every other component that is made to withstand or operate the

door can have equally less material or force generated to the door. The servo motor used can

be a great example, more the torque required to slide the door, costlier the servo motor and

vice versa. Due to the reduced weight the overall cost is reduced significantly.

Reducing scrap in production like using raw materials with exact or closer dimension to

your end product that is going to be machined will help the manufacturer to increase his

production rate, reduce cost of the raw materials, and reduce the selling price which in result

help the customer as well. In addition material saving could also save your time and energy

usage. The amount of work required for installation and the number of labors required also can

be reduced due to the weight reduction and material reduction.

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Optimization of Distribution

Fig. 1 Fig. 2

Fig. 3 Fig. 4

The figures above are a visualization of the optimization model of distribution. Each

corner of the triangle represents a key element of the operation and the center of the triangle

represents the most important of them all. The triangle represents the geographical positioning

each of the aspects. Though distance has become of no constrain in today in the global village it

does have a huge impact on the carbon footprint left by the transportation models. For the

current design we have raw materials, manufacturing, warehousing and the supply

centers/distributors. This model is a very flexible system where each one of the position in the

triangle can be interchanged to fit the needs of the business model. For example if we look at

Fig.2 the warehousing has taken the center of the triangle where it optimal to have the

warehousing as the focal point between the other productions processes. Where raw materials

manufactured components and can be ferried between the warehouse and the supply center

efficiently.

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Optimize Production

Once all of the components for the door are brought to the manufacturing plant

modifications on the glass door are made to fit the electromagnetic locks the visual display

lining and the scratch proof coating. Once the sliding glass door has the necessary modifications

it is set to be packaged with the other prefabricated components. The glass door will be

packaged in a sturdy wooden crate with compact foam for safe transportation. The other

components will be organized neatly in a separate crate with labels of the packaging. Each of

the assembly crew will have extensive knowledge on the working of the product for efficient

assembly

User stage optimization

Our design’s adaptability to be integrated into different systems should be simple. Due

to the doors low energy consumption, solar panels can be used as a supplement for the door

during the day. The solar panel will only give its energy to the door and shouldn’t power

anything else. When it comes to the solar panel, placement and type of panels should be

considered. Another idea is to use pressure pads that are placed around the gym to generate

electric power for the entrance way (ex. Pressure pads were placed in a walkway at the London

Olympics and with each step, electricity was created). Considering the size of the gym and the

amount of people in/out the gym on a daily basis, the pressure pad can feed the door energy

for days at a time. The door will have a CC camera to monitor outside the door, but can be used

for security purposes. The door will have a display showing the time, temperature, current

events, etc., which can be viewed by everyone in the gym due to the door position in the gym.

Therefor the door can act as a relay center for information.

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Optimize initial life time

For efficient productivity of the entrance, the user is required to perform maintenance

every 6 months. Damaged parts will be replaced and repaired without much difficulty. Further,

the initial purchase will have a limited warranty to assist end user to claim for parts and repairs

easily. Design of the entrance way will feature hardware and software for easy upgrade that will

prolong the life time and adaptability of the product and minimizes the cost to repair the whole

system. For example, the specification of the CC camera and other hardware components can

be upgraded at ease of the customer. Design of the product will come with clear and simple

instructions for maintenance purposes that will extend life cycle of the product.

If there is a need for replacement the user should not have tampered with critical

systems of the design such as the electrical wirings and the security system. The rest of the

components will have some degree of freedom for modification purposes to meet personal

needs. The Design of the entrance way will comprise of current and emerging technology such

as traditional keypad access to RFID access to activate the entrance. The durability and the

reliability of the entrance way are very much dependent on the material selection that has very

low wear and tear. The components selected will compliments each other and the overall

design of the entrance way. During the manufacturing process make sure to produce high

quality products with reasonable tolerances for efficiency purposes and to create a sense of

comfort that will establish an emotional attachment between the user and the product so that

they value it.

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Optimize End of Life System

Once the product has reached its end of life cycle there are many ways in which the

entire system can be recycled or disposed of. Throughout this process make sure there are no

hazardous materials. A large number of the components are manufactured with recyclable

material such that this will minimize the cost of the production. One of the materials used in

the product is the ABS plastic which is a thermoplastic meaning at the end of the product life

theses rollers can be recycled to produce new rollers or other components. The main focus of

the design process was to maximize the reduction of the carbon footprint. For example, glasses

for the entrance way, magnetic metals to the edge of the sliding glass, the frame and the ABS

plastic for the Rollers are all very easily recycled. These three components are designed to

assemble and disassemble easily and safely without any damages so that the user can replace

and reuse the system over a long period of time. To avoid damages and scratches the user

should use standardized tools or use professionals.

Moreover, the visual touch sensors, silicon circuit and computer chips which are the

integral part of the system can also be disposed of easily. The above components and its

material will optimize the end of life the door at the entrance system.

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Working description of the entrance system

The final design of the entrance is a smart sliding door. The door is completely automated with

RFID tag system that recognizes the user and automatically opens when approached by the

user. The door itself is made of a high clarity glass that doubles as a display touch screen. One

of the main features of the door is that it is an interactive multi touch smart surface. The door

is capable of taking appointment from students and others by touching options on the Sliding

glass door. The door is capable of displaying weather, temperature, time and priority UB news.

The glass door is also coated with superhydophobic coating that repels any dust and grime with

the slightest splash of water. This keeps the door clean over long periods of use. Another great

feature that comes with the door is its security system. This is one of the most user friendly

systems that any new user would immediately be able to use with some or no training at all.

The security system comes with a custom password that only the assistant director has access

to. He will be able to activate the alarm system with the touch of a button via his smart phone

and devices. He will also be able to get emergency alerts if there is any foul play on the

entrance system which could be linked to other security networks such as that of the University

Police Department. For detailed drawings showing dimensions and layout of the solution, see

the drawings section below.

Example of a Smart table by smarttable.org

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Appendixi. House of Quality

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References1. "CFOC3 Content." 5.1.2.1. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2013.

2. U.S. General Services Administration (GSA). 2003. Child care center design guide. New York: GSA Public Buildings Service, Office of Child Care. http://www.gsa.gov/graphics/pbs/designguidesmall.pdf.

3. QFD.House-of-Quality, Course Documents, Lecture Notes [UBlearnse class website] Buffalo, NY, USA . [Cited: Nov 1, 2013.]

4. Barnett, Steven, PHD, Rima Shore, PHD, and Karen Schulman, MPP. "Class Size: What’s the Best Fit?" Home | Nieer.org. NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR EARLY EDUCATION RESEARCH, n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2013.

5. "Effects of Group Size on Problem Solving." About.com Psychology. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2013.

6. Strauss, Valerie. "Is Technology Sapping Children’s Creativity?" Washington Post. The

Washington Post, 12 Sept. 2012. Web. 27 Oct. 2013.

7. "Scribble Blog-Inspiring Creativity » Kindergarten." Scribble Blog RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov.

2013.

8. http://stewartengineers.com/english/stewartfloat_technology_n_process.html9. http://www.pilkington.com/pilkington-information/about+pilkington/education/float+process/

step+by+step.htm10. http://ecodesign.lboro.ac.uk/index.php?section=95&currentsubsection=95

11. http://design2good.wordpress.com/2011/04/26/lids-wheel-map-of-green-design-strategies/

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