final ads report completed

ALCOHOL DETECTION SYSTEM

ABSTRACT

How can it reliably be established that a person has consumed alcohol in

amounts that are illegal and/or may cause harm to that person or others and may he

works efficiently? Many people think of this as a relatively easy task, conjuring up

images of the “falling down drunk,” although even this obvious display may be

something else, for example, and diabetic shock. The reality is that even when

people have high blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) known to cause significant

impairment, it can be difficult for experts and laypersons alike to detect alcohol,

especially among seasoned users and among people who wish to remain

undetected. Detecting drugs other than alcohol presents its own set of problems,

and in many cases the behavioral cues are less obvious than when alcohol has been

consumed. At present drunken people have increased enormously and so is the

deaths, crimes due to drunken people increases obviously. So there is a need for an

effective system to check drunken peoples.

In our alcohol detection system the breath of person is sensed by alcohol

sensor. The sensor circuit is used to detect whether alcohol was consumed by that

person recently. Our design also consists of a breath (MQ3) sensor which is used to

check whether alcohol is consumed while driving. In addition to this particular

device we have added thermal printer which will provide receipt containing

information such as amount of alcohol detected and fine accordingly and also there

is pc interface to keep the record of how much fine is collected over a particular

period.

The overall objective of this system is to keep eye on suspects happening

due to alcohol drinkers and to perform accuracy in work while detecting and

preventing alcohol drinkers.

Dr. J. J. Magdum College Of Engineering, Jaysingpur.


INDEXSr. No. Particulars Page No.

1 Introduction 5

2 Literature survey 14

3 Block Diagram 184 Circuit Diagram 215 List of Components

5.1 Alcohol Sensor 5.2 ADC 5.3 Microcontroller 5.4 LCD 5.5 EEPROM 5.6 Keypad 5.7 MAX 232 5.8 Thermal Printer

232531334043464750

6 Software Development 6.1 Flow Chart of Main Program 6.2 Flow chart of LCD interface 6.3 Flow chart of Keypad Interface

53545556

7 Advantages 578 Applications 599 Future Demand 6110 Conclusion 6311 References 66



LIST OF FIGURES:

Figure No Name Page NoFig 3.1 Block Diagram 19

Fig 4.1 Circuit Diagram 22

Fig 5.1.1 Alcohol Sensor 25

Fig 5.1.2.1 Sensor Circuit Connection 27

Fig 5.2.1 ADC Pin Diagram 32

Fig 5.3.3.1 µC Pin-Out 34

Fig 5.3.5.1 Reset Circuit 39

Fig 5.3.6.1 Crystal Circuit 39

Fig 5.4.1 LCD 40

Fig 5.4.2.1 Schematic Of LCD 41

Fig 5.5.3.1 EEPROM Pin-out 44

Fig 5.6.1 Keypad Interfacing 46

Fig 5.7.1.1 MAX 232 Interfacing 47

Fig 5.8.1 Thermal Printer 50

Fig 6.1 Flow Chart Of Main Program 54

Fig 6.2 Flow Chart Of LCD interfacing 55

Fig 6.3 Flow Chart Of Keypad Interfacing 56



LIST OF TABLES:

Table No Name Page No

Table 1.1 Blood Alcohol Percentage for female

7

Table 1.2 Blood Alcohol Percentage for male 8

Table 3.1.1 Standard work condition 25

Table 3.1.2 Environment Condition 25

Table 3.1.3 Sensitivity characteristic 26

Table 3.1.4 Structure and configuration, basic measuring circuit

27

Table 5.2.2 Pin Description of ADC 31

Table 5.5.3.1 Pin Description of EEPROM 44



CHAPTER1INTRODUCTION



1. INTRODUCTIONAlcohol Detector-An Essential Tool. Useful in companies for performing

accurate tests. Reduces the possibility of accidents and it can be incorporated with the

car system. It is the hand held unit so easy to move anywhere. We got the concept of

ADS from ‘ELECTRONICS FOR U’ magazine.

Drunken drivers have been left unchecked in the society. Though there are

laws to punish drunken drivers they cannot be fully utilized as police cannot stand

on every road corner to check each and every car driver whether he has drink or

not. This leads to severe accidents as such that happened in Delhi in which a car

ran over four road dwellers killing them on the spot. So there is a necessity to

develop an efficient alcohol detection system.

1.1 Purpose/Motivation

The most recent statistic on accidents leading to fatalities in the United States

shows that a staggering 41% of them are alcohol-related. Most of those accidents

were caused by repeat drunk-driving offenders. With this number on the rise every

year, it behooves the nation to have a device that is fail-proof in disallowing the

use of an intoxicated driver’s automobile. With the incorporation of an alcohol

detector controlling the ignition switch ability to operate, these repeat offenders

can be stopped before they even get into their car. Through the combination of a

handheld device and simple circuitry components within the car, this can be made

possible.

1.2 Specifications

The design is relatively simple and given the best current technologies, safe,

accurate, and reliable operation of this device can be guaranteed. The sensor will

take in a sample of the user’s breath through mask for Blood Alcohol

Concentration, or BAC, analysis. The output from the sensor will be fed into a

microcontroller where all of the comparisons to various states limits and

calculations will be made in order for it to get whether that person is having drunk

and what much amount he had in percentage. If the user is legally sober, he will

not be fined at all. If the user is legally drunk and unsuitable to drive or work, he



will be fined and no car can be driven until the sample is once again under safe

limits.

Table No 1.1



Table No 1.2



1.3 Blood Alcohol Concentration

Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) reflects the amount of alcohol in the

body. Food, alcohol content and quantity of beverage, weight, sex, and rate of

elimination determine the BAC after the consumption of alcohol.

To estimate blood alcohol level at a given time, knowledge of other factors

is required. These factors may include age and height of the subject; consumption

start and stop times, pattern of drinking; times when meals were eaten; disease

states; and any medications that may have been taken.

1.4 Alcohol absorption

Alcohol is absorbed from the stomach and small intestine. Most absorption

occurs from the small intestine due to its large surface area and rich blood supply.

The rate of absorption varies with the emptying time of the stomach. Generally the

higher the alcohol concentration of the beverage, the faster the rate of absorption.

However, above a certain concentration, the rate of absorption may decrease due to

the delayed passage of alcohol from the stomach into the small intestine.

The maximum absorption rate is obtained with the consumption of an

alcoholic beverage containing approximately 20-25% (by volume or v/v) alcohol

solution on an empty stomach. The absorption rate may be less when alcohol is

consumed with food or when a 40% (v/v) alcohol solution is consumed on an

empty stomach. The rate may also slow down when high fluid volume/low alcohol

content beverages, such as beer, are consumed.

1.4.1 Normal social drinking

For normal social-type drinking, the highest BAC is usually achieved

within 30 minutes after completion of consumption, though it could take as long as

60 minutes. When large amounts of alcohol are consumed over a short time, or

when a large quantity of food is eaten with the alcohol, the absorption phase may

continue for up to two hours after last consumption.



1.4.2 Weight and sex affect BAC

A person's weight and sex determine the total volume of body water and

consequently the BAC obtained upon consumption of a particular quantity of

alcohol. Generally, the more a person weighs, the larger the volume of body water

and the lower the BAC obtained from the consumption of a given amount of

alcohol.

A female may have more fat tissue than a male of the same weight and

therefore a smaller volume of body water. As a result, a female may obtain a

slightly higher BAC upon consumption of the same quantity of alcohol as a male,

all other factors being equal.

1.4.3 Elimination of alcohol

Alcohol is eliminated from the body by excretion and metabolism. Most

alcohol is metabolized or burned in a manner similar to food, yielding carbon

dioxide and water. A small portion of alcohol is excreted, such as through the

breath, leaving the body as alcohol, unchanged. It is this latter process that allows

for breath alcohol testing.

1.4.4 Average rate of elimination

Elimination occurs at a constant rate for a given individual. The median rate

of decrease in BAC is considered to be 15 milligrams per cent (mg %) per hour.

The range of decrease in BAC is 10-20 mg% per hour. This range represents the

extreme ends of the rate encountered in a normal population. Most people

eliminate at a rate of between 13 and 18 mg% per hour. Of these, the majority

eliminates at the higher end. Very few people eliminate at as low a rate as 10 mg%

per hour.



1.5 Blood Alcohol Content Drink Driving Limits by Country

Lower blood alcohol limits may apply in some countries for professional drivers,

inexperienced drivers or operators of heavy vehicles.

Country BAC (%)

Country BAC (%)

Australia 0.05 Mexico 0.08

Austria 0.05 Namibia 0.05

Bangladesh 0.00 Nepal 0.00

Belgium 0.05 Netherlands 0.05

Bermuda 0.08 New Zealand 0.08

Bhutan No Limit

Norway 0.02

Brazil 0.00 Pakistan 0.00

Canada 0.08 Peru 0.05

Chile 0.05 Philippines 0.05

China 0.02 Pitcairn Islands 0.08

Czech Republic 0.00 Poland 0.02

Denmark 0.05 Portugal 0.05

France 0.05 Puerto Rico 0.08

Germany 0.05 Reunion 0.05

Greece 0.05 Russia 0.03

Guyana 0.01 South Africa 0.05

Hungary 0.00 South Korea 0.05

India 0.03 Sri Lanka 0.08

Indonesia 0.00 Switzerland 0.05

Iran 0.00 Thailand 0.05

Japan 0.00 United Kingdom 0.08

Kazakhstan 0.00 United States 0.08

Kenya 0.08

The Motor Vehicle Act, 1988



184. Driving dangerously- Whoever drives a motor vehicle at a speed or in a manner

which is dangerous to public having regard to all the circumstances of the case

including the nature, condition and use of place where the vehicle is driven and the

amount of traffic which actually is at the time or which might reasonably be expected

to be in the place, shall be punishable for the first offence with imprisonment for a

term which may be extended to six months or with fine up to 1000 rupees, and for any

second or subsequent offence if committed within 3 years of the commission of a

previous similar offence with imprisonment for a term which may be extended to 2

years or with fine up to 2000 rupees, or with both.

185. Driving by drunken person or by a person under the influence of the drugs-

Whoever, while driving, or attempting to drive a motor vehicle,--

a) Has, in his blood alcohol exceeding 30 mg. per 100 ml of blood detected in

test by breath analyzer

OR

b) Is under this influence of a drug to such an extent as to be incapable of

exercising proper control over the vehicle.

shall be punishable for the first offence with imprisonment for a term which may

be extended with six month, or with fine which may be extended to 2000 rupees, or

with both; and for second or subsequent offence, if committed within a 3 years of the

commission for previous similar offence, with imprisonment for a term which may be

extended to 2 years, or with fine up to 3000 rupees, or with both.

Explanation – for the purpose of this section, the drug or the drugs specified

by the central government in this behalf, by the notification in the official gazette,

shall be deemed to render a person incapable of exercising a proper control over the

motor vehicle.

1. Provided that any person so arrested in connection with an offence

punishable under section 185 shall within 2 hours of his arrest, be subjected to

medical examination referred in section 203 and 204 by a registered medical

practitioner who he shall be released from custody.



2. A police officer in uniform may arrest without warrant any person, who has

committed and offence under this act, if such a person refuse to give his name and

address.

3. A police officer arresting without warrant the driver of a motor vehicle

shall if the circumstances so require take or cause to be taken any steps he may

consider proper for temporary disposal of vehicle.

203. Breath Test

1) A police in uniform or an officer of the motor vehicle department as may be

authorized in this behalf by that department may require any person driving or

attempting to drive a motor vehicle in a public place to provide one or more

specimens of breath for breath tests there or nearby, if such a police officer or officer

has any reasonable cause to suspect him of having committed an offence under the

section 185;

Provided that requirement for the breath test shall be made as soon as reasonably

practicable after the commission of such offence

2) If motor vehicle is involved in an accident in a public place and a police officer in

uniform has any reasonable cause to suspect that person who was driving the motor

vehicle at the time of accident had alcohol in his blood or that he was driving under

the influence of drug referred in section 185 he may require the person so driving the

motor vehicle to provide a specimen of his breath for test.

a) In the case of person who is hospitalized as an indoor patient at the hospital

b) In the case of any other person either at or near the place where the requirement

is made or if the police officer thinks fit at a police station specified by the police

officer

Provided that person shall not be required to provide such a specimen while at a

hospital as an indoor patient if the registered medical practitioner in immediate charge

of this case is not first notified of the proposal to make the requirement or object to

the provision of a specimen on the ground that its provision or the requirement to

provide it would be prejudicial to proper care of the patient.



CHAPTER 2LITERATURE

SURVEY



2. LITERATURE SURVEY

In Olden days there was no system available for checking such parameter as

alcohol. For companies that need to perform highly accurate tests with different users

several time a day. An essential tool for responsible managers who look after their

employees and their safety. To overcome such kid of problems we are developing the

detection system which can be hand held & easy to operate.

This system is also useful for the Traffic Control Department to people from

drink & drives the car. If anybody gets caught they can charge him fine. We

incorporate a thermal printer which immediately gives receipt of fine charged.

Every day we hear and read about drivers involved in accidents that are later

charged with drunken driving, and later will hear about the accident on the news. The

news will discuss the suspect’s blood alcohol level and the legal limit for blood

alcohol. A driver might be found to have a level of 0.15, for example, and the legal

limit is 0.08.

But what do those figures mean?

And how do police officers determine if a suspected drunken driver is

actually legally drunk? You may have heard about a tool called a Breathalyzer – a

device used in breath alcohol analysis – but may not know exactly how a person’s

breath reveals how much he or she has had to drink.

It is important for our public safety that people who are drunk should not be

on the road. Of the many thousands of traffic deaths each year in the United States,

about 35 to 40 percent are related to alcohol. Drivers who are able to successfully pass

police sobriety tests – those who can touch their noses or walk a straight line without

falling over – still might be breaking the law by exceeding the legal limit for blood

alcohol and be a hazard on the road. Police departments now use modern technology

to $determine impairment in suspected drunk drivers and to prevent fatalities.

Police departments and many individual officers are now equipped with breath

alcohol testers (Breathalyzers are one type) to determine drunk driving suspects’

blood alcohol concentration (BAC). That’s because alcohol intoxication is legally

defined by the BAC level.


http://store.yahoo.com/cgi-bin/clink?breathalyzer-net+SQgdHn+consumer-breathalyzers.html+

http://everettanalyzers.com/alcohol-effects.html

http://store.yahoo.com/cgi-bin/clink?breathalyzer-net+SQgdHn+consumer-breathalyzers.html+


Taking a blood sample out on the road and taking it back to the lab for analysis was

not practical or efficient for arresting those who were suspected of driving while

impaired (DWI) or driving under the influence (DUI). A urine test for alcohol was

just as impractical as blood sampling. Officials needed a less invasive way to measure

BAC levels.

In the 1940s, the first breath alcohol testing devices were developed for

police use. In 1954, Dr. Robert Borkenstein of the Indiana State Police invented the

Breathalyzer, which is an efficient type of alcohol testing device used by many law

enforcement departments today.

Alcohol that a person drinks will always appear in his breath. This is because

alcohol is absorbed from that person’s mouth, throat, stomach and intestines into the

bloodstream. Alcohol is not digested like food is, nor chemically changed in the

bloodstream upon absorption.

When a person’s blood passes through his or her lungs, some of the ingested alcohol

travels across the membranes of the lung’s air sacs and moves into the air. This

process is one of alcohol’s main properties of evaporating from a volatile solution. So,

the alcohol concentration from lung air is directly related to the alcohol concentration

from the blood.

When the alcohol in the lung air is exhaled, it can usually be detected by any

modern breath testing device. So, this allows any police officer to handle suspected

drunk driver tests in a faster and simpler way. Instead of having to draw a suspected


http://everettanalyzers.com/alcohol-testing.html


drunk’s blood to test his alcohol level, the officer is able to perform a quick test on

that driver’s breath on the spot. He can instantly determine if there is a reason to arrest

the driver.

The relationship between the alcohol concentration in the breath and the

concentration in the blood lets us easily find out the BAC by measuring alcohol

concentration level on the breath. The ratio of alcohol in the breath to that in the blood

is 2,100:1. So, we can quickly calculate that 2,100 milliliters (ml) of lung air has the

same amount of alcohol as 1 ml of blood.

For a long period of time, the US has kept the legal standard for drunkenness

around 0.10, but now in all states has adopted the 0.08 federal BAC standards because

the federal government put pressure on the states to lower the legal limit. The

American Medical Association says that a person can become impaired when the

blood alcohol level hits 0.05.

When a person’s BAC measures 0.08, it means that he or she has 0.08 grams

of alcohol per 100 ml of blood.

.



CHAPTER 3BLOCK DIAGRAM



3. BLOCK DIAGRAM

Air Inlet

Fig 3.1 block diagram


AlcoholSensor

SignalConditioner

ADC

Micro-ControllerAT89S52

LCD Display

KeypadInterface

Thermal Printer

RS 232 Cable

PC Interface


Working-

The individual on whom we are performing test will give his breath into air

inlet. Then gas sensing layer of alcohol sensor (SnO2) senses the alcohol in breath. In

accordance to amount of alcohol the resistance of sensor goes on changing. Since the

output of alcohol sensor is analog resistive output which is given to signal

conditioning circuit.

At signal conditioner it will get amplified and given to the microcontroller

through ADC .The output of signal condition circuit is analog voltage in the range of

0 to 5V which is converted in to digital form in the range of TTL voltage levels. It is

compatible to microcontroller.

Then microcontroller compares this signal with predefined range and

display the result on LCD. The data displayed on LCD consist of amount of alcohol

detected in percentage, fine charged according to that individual, number of vehicle

and date.

At the same time controller will send data to thermal printer where it will

print the receipt containing the information same as displayed by the LCD. To keep

the record of amount of fine collected over a particular period it may be one week or

one month so here provided the computer interfacing by using RS-232 cable.



CHAPTER 4CIRCUIT

DIAGRAM



4. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig 4.1 Circuit Diagram



CHAPTER 5COMPONENTS



5. LIST OF COMPONENTS

1. ALCOHOL SENSOR

2. ADC(0808)

3. MICROCONTROLLER(89S52)

4. LCD DISPLAY

5. EEPROM

6. KEYPAD

7. MAX 232

8. THERMAL PRINTER



5.1 ALCOHOL SENSOR (MQ-3 SENSOR)

MQ-3 GAS SENSOR

FEATURES:

* High sensitivity to alcohol and small sensitivity to Benzene.

* Fast response and High sensitivity

* Stable and long life

* Simple drive circuit

APPLICATION:

They are suitable for alcohol checker, Breathalyzer.

SPECIFICATIONS Fig 5.1.1

Table 5.1.1 Standard work condition

Symbol Parameter name Technical condition

Remarks

Vc Circuit voltage 5V±0.1 AC OR DC

VH Heating voltage 5V±0.1 ACOR DC

RL Load resistance 200KΩ

RH Heater resistance 33Ω±5% Room Tem

PH Heating consumption

less than 750mw

Table 5.1.2 Environment condition

Symbol Parameter name Technical condition Remarks

Tao Using Tem -10℃-50℃Tas Storage Tem -20℃-70℃RH Related humidity less than 95%Rh



Table 5.1.3 Sensitivity characteristic

Symbol Parameter name Technical parameter

Remarks

Rs Sensing Resistance 1MΩ- 8 MΩ(0.4mg/L alcohol )

Detecting concentrationscope：0.05mg/L—10mg/LAlcohol

Α(0.4/1 mg/L)

Concentration slope rate

≤0.6

Standarddetectingcondition

Temp: 20℃}2� ℃ Vc:5V±0.1Humidity: 65%±5% Vh: 5V±0.1

Preheat time Over 24 hour

Table 5.1.4 Structure and configuration, basic measuring circuit



Sr.No. Parts Materials

1 Gas sensingLayer

SnO2

2 Electrode Au

3 Electrode line Pt

4 Heater coil Ni-Cr alloy

5 Tubular ceramic Al2O3

6 Anti-explosionnetwork

Stainless steel gauze(SUS316 100-mesh)

7 Clamp ring Copper plating

Ni

8 Resin base Bakelite

5.1.2 CONNECTION DIAGRAM:

Fig 5.1.2.1



5.1.3 SENSITVITY ADJUSTMENT

Resistance value of MQ-3 is difference to various kinds and various concentration

gases. So, when using this component, sensitivity adjustment is very necessary. We

recommend that you calibrate the detector for 0.4mg/L (approximately 200ppm) of

Alcohol concentration in air and use value of Load resistance that (RL) about 200 KΩ

(100KΩ to 470 KΩ).

When accurately measuring, the proper alarm point for the gas detector should be

determined after considering the temperature and humidity influence.

5.1.4 Solenoid valve

A solenoid valve is an electromechanical valve for use with liquid or gas. The valve

is controlled by an electric current through a solenoid coil. Solenoid valves may have

two or more ports: in the case of a two-port valve the flow is switched on or off; in the

case of a three-port valve, the outflow is switched between the two outlet ports.

Multiple solenoid valves can be placed together on a manifold.

Solenoid valves are the most frequently used control elements in fluidics. Their tasks

are to shut off, release, dose, distribute or mix fluids. They are found in many

application areas. Solenoids offer fast and safe switching, high reliability, long service

life, good medium compatibility of the materials used, low control power and

compact design.

5.1.5 Working principle

A solenoid valve has two main parts: the solenoid and the valve. The solenoid

converts electrical energy into mechanical energy which, in turn, opens or closes the

valve mechanically. A direct acting valve has only a small flow circuit, shown within

section E of this diagram (this section is mentioned below as a pilot valve). This

diaphragm piloted valve multiplies this small flow

by using it to control the flow through a much larger

orifice.

Solenoid valves may use metal seals or rubber seals, and

may also have electrical interfaces to allow for



easy control. A spring may be used to hold the valve opened or closed while the valve

is not activated.

Fig 5.1.5.1

Constructional diagram:



A-Input side

B- Diaphragm

C- Pressure chamber

D- Pressure relief conduit

E- Solenoid

F- Output side

At the top figure is the valve in its closed state. The water under pressure

enters at A. B is an elastic diaphragm and above it is a weak spring pushing it down.

The function of this spring is irrelevant for now as the valve would stay closed even

without it. The diaphragm has a pinhole through its center which allows a very small

amount of water to flow through it. This water fills the cavity C on the other side of

the diaphragm so that pressure is equal on both sides of the diaphragm. While the

pressure is the same on both sides of the diaphragm, the force is greater on the upper

side which forces the valve shut against the incoming pressure. In the figure, the

surface being acted upon is greater on the upper side which results in greater force.

On the upper side the pressure is acting on the entire surface of the diaphragm while

on the lower side it is only acting on the incoming pipe. These results in the valve

being securely shut to any flow and, the greater the input pressure, the greater the

shutting force will be.

In the previous configuration the small conduit D was blocked by a pin which

is the armature of the solenoid E and which is pushed down by a spring. If the

solenoid is activated by drawing the pin upwards via magnetic force from the solenoid

current, the water in chamber C will flow through this conduit D to the output side of

the valve. The pressure in chamber C will drop and the incoming pressure will lift the

diaphragm thus opening the main valve. Water now flows directly from A to F.



5.2 ADC (Analog to Digital Convertor)

5.2.1 Description

The ADC0808, ADC0809 data acquisition component is a monolithic

CMOS device with an 8-bit analog-to-digital converter, 8-channel multiplexer and

microprocessor compatible control logic. The 8-bit A/D converter uses successive

approximation as the conversion technique. The converter features a high

impedance chopper stabilized comparator, a 256R voltage divider with analog

switch tree and a successive approximation register. The 8-channel multiplexer can

directly access any of 8-single-ended analog signals.

ADC0808 is an 8 bit analog to digital converter with eight input

analog channels, i.e., it can take eight different analog inputs. The input which is to

be converted to digital form can be selected by using three address lines. The

voltage reference can be set using the Vref+ and Vref- pins. The step size is

decided based on set reference value. Step size is the change in analog input to

cause a unit change in the output of ADC. The default step size is 19.53mV

corresponding to 5V reference voltage. ADC0808 needs an external clock to

operate unlike ADC0804 which has an internal clock. The ADC needs some

specific control signals for its operations like start conversion and bring data to

output pins. When the conversion is complete the EOC pins goes low to indicate

the end of conversion and data ready to be picked up. The device eliminates the

need for external zero and full-scale adjustments. Easy interfacing to

microprocessors is provided by the latched and decoded multiplexer address inputs

and latched TTL TRI-STATE outputs.

5.2.2 Pin Description

PIN NODISCRIPTION PIN NO DISCRIPTION

1 IN3 - Analog Input 3 15 2(-6) - Tri-State Output Bit 6

2 IN4 - Analog Input 4 16 Vref- - Voltage Reference Negative Input






6 START - Start Conversion 20 2(-2) - Tri-State Output Bit 2

7 EOC - End Of Conversion 21 2(-1) - Tri-State Output Bit 1

8 2(-5) - Tri-State Output Bit 5 22 ALE - Address Latch Enable

9 OUT EN - Output Enable 23 ADD C - Address Input C

10 CLK - Clock 24 ADD B - Address Input B

11 Vcc - Positive Supply 25 ADD A - Address Input A

12 Vref+ - Positive Voltage Reference Input

26IN0 - Analog Input 0

13 GND - Ground 27 IN1 - Analog Input 1

14 2(-7) - Tri-State Output Bit 7 28 IN2 - Analog Input 2

Fig 5.2.1

Key Features

Resolution8 Bits

Total Unadjusted Error ±½ LSB and ±1 LSB

Single Supply 5 VDC

Low Power 15 Mw

Conversion Time 100 μs



5.3 MICROCONTROLLER (89S52)

5.3.1 DEFINITION OF A MICROCONTROLLER

Microcontroller, as the name suggests, are small controllers. They are like

single chip computers that are often embedded into other systems to

function as processing/controlling unit. For example, the remote control

you are using probably has microcontrollers inside that do decoding and

other controlling functions. They are also used in automobiles, washing

machines, microwave ovens, toys ... etc, where automation is needed.

The key features of microcontrollers include:

High Integration of Functionality-

Microcontrollers sometimes are called single-chip computers because they have

on-chip memory and I/O circuitry and other circuitries that enable them to function

as small standalone computers without other supporting circuitry.

Field Programmability, Flexibility-

Microcontrollers often use EEPROM or EPROM as their storage device to allow

field programmability so they are flexible to use. Once the program is tested to be

correct then large quantities of microcontrollers can be programmed to be used in

embedded system

Easy to Use-

Assembly language is often used in microcontrollers and since they usually

follow RISC architecture, the instruction set is small. The development package of

microcontrollers often includes an assembler, a simulator, a programmer to "burn"

the chip and a demonstration board. Some packages include a high level language

compiler such as a C compiler and more sophisticated libraries.

A serial I/O port to allow data to flow between the microcontroller and

other devices such as a PC or another microcontroller.

5.3.2 FEATURES OF MICROCONTROLLER 89S52

The AT89C52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with



8K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The

device is manufactured using Atmel’s high density nonvolatile memory. The Atmel

AT89C52 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly flexible and cost

effective solution to many applications.

Also some features are,

-256 x 8-Bit Internal RAM

- 32 Programmable I/O Lines

- Three 16-bit Timer/Counters

- Eight Interrupt Sources

- Low Power Idle and Power Down Modes

5.3.3 PIN OUT OF MICROCONTROLLER

Fig5.3.3.1 Pin out Diagram of µC 89S52

Pin Diagram of 8952 Microcontroller



5.3.4 PIN DESCRIPTION OF 8952 MICROCONTROLLER

1. VCC: - Supply voltage.

2. GND:-Ground.

3. Port 0:-

Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bi-directional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can

sink eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as

high impedance inputs. Port 0 can also be configured to be the multiplexed low

order address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In

this mode, P0 has internal pull-ups. Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash

programming and outputs the code bytes during program verification. External

pull-ups are required during program verification.

4. Port 1

Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 1 output

buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins, they

are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1

pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the

internal pull-ups. In addition, P1.0 and P1.1 can be configured to be the

timer/counter 2 external count input (P1.0/T2) and the timer/counter 2 trigger input

(P1.1/T2EX), respectively, as shown in the following table. Port 1 also receives the

low-order address bytes during Flash programming and verification.

5. Port 2

Port 2 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 2 output




internal pull-ups. Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from

external program memory and during accesses to external data memory that uses



16-bit addresses (MOVX [at] DPTR). In this application, Port 2 uses strong

internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memory that

uses 8-bit addresses (MOVX [at] RI), Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special

Function Register. Port 2 also receives the high-order address bits and some control

signals during Flash programming and verification.

6. Port 3

Port 3 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull ups. The Port 3 output




pull-ups. Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features of the

AT89C52. Port 3 also receives some control signals for Flash programming and

verification.

7. RST

Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is

running resets the device.

8. ALE/PROG

Address Latch Enable is an output pulse for latching the low byte of the address

during accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input

(PROG) during Flash programming. In normal operation, ALE is emitted at a

constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency and may be used for external timing or

clocking purposes. Note, however, that one ALE pulse is skipped during each

access to external data memory. If desired, ALE operation can be disabled by

setting bit 0 of SFR location 8EH. With the bit set, ALE is active only during a

MOVX or MOVC instruction. Otherwise, the pin is weakly pulled high. Setting the

ALE-disable bit has no effect if the microcontroller is in external execution mode.

9. PSEN

Program Store Enable is the read strobe to external program memory. When the

AT89C52 is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is activated

twice each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during



each access to external data memory.

10. EA/VPP

External Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device

to fetch code from external program memory locations starting at 0000H up to

FFFFH. Note, however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be internally

latched on reset.

EA should be strapped to VCC for internal program executions. This pin

also receives the 12-volt programming enable voltage (VPP) during Flash

programming when 12-volt programming is selected.

11. XTAL1

Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating

circuit.

12. XTAL2

Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.

MEMORY UNIT

Memory is part of the microcontroller whose function is to store data.

The easiest way to explain it is to describe it as one big closet with lots of drawers.

If we suppose that we marked the drawers in such a way that they cannot be

confused, any of their contents will then be easily accessible. It is enough to know

the designation of the drawer and so its contents will be known to us for sure.

Memory components are exactly like that. For a certain input we get the contents

of a certain addressed memory location and that's all. Two new concepts are

brought to us: addressing and memory location. Memory consists of all memory

locations, and addressing is nothing but selecting one of them. This means that we

need to select the desired memory location on one hand, and on the other hand we

need to wait for the contents of that location. Besides reading from a memory

location, memory must also provide for writing onto it. This is done by supplying

an additional line called control line. We will designate this line as R/W

(read/write). Control line is used in the following way: if r/w=1, reading is done,



and if opposite is true then writing is done on the memory location. Memory is the

first element, and we need a few operation of our microcontroller.

The amount of memory contained within a microcontroller varies between different

microcontrollers. Some may not even have any integrated memory (e.g. Hitachi

6503, now discontinued). However, most modern microcontrollers will have

integrated memory. The memory will be divided up into ROM and RAM, with

typically more ROM than RAM.

Typically, the amount of ROM type memory will vary between around 512 bytes

and 4096 bytes, although some 16 bit microcontrollers such as the Hitachi H8/3048

can have as much as 128 Kbytes of ROM type memory.

ROM type memory, as has already been mentioned, is used to store the program

code. ROM memory can be ROM (as in One Time Programmable memory),

EPROM, or EEPROM.

The amount of RAM memory is usually somewhat smaller, typically

ranging between 25 bytes to 4 Kbytes. RAM is used for data storage and stack

management tasks. It is also used for register stacks (as in the microchip PIC range

of microcontrollers).



5.3.5 RESET CIRCUIT

Fig 5.3.5.1 Reset Circuit Diagram

• Requires 2 machine cycles to reset controller

• Uses RC combination to give the delay of 2 machine cycle to reset

controller.

5.3.6 CRYSTAL CIRCUIT

Fig5.3.6.1 Crystal Circuit Diagram



5.4 LCD(Liquid Crystal Display)

LCD is the Liquid Crystal Display used for displaying the commands and data.

Fig5.6.1 LCD Display

It has 14 pins.

• VCC

• GND

• VEE- It is provided to LCD for controlling the contrast.

• Also there are two register present inside the LCD i.e. COMMAND and

DATA REGISTER.

-The COMMAND REGISTER allows the user to send a command such

as clear display, curser at home, or display the number, etc

-The DATA REGISTER allows the user to send data to be displayed on



the LCD.

• ENABLE pin is used by LCD to latch the information present to its data

pins.

• READ/WRITE pins are used to write or read the information.

• D0-D7 is the 8bit data pins used to send information to the LCD.

5.4.1 DESCRIPTION

An LCD is a small low cost display. It is easy to interface with a micro-

controller because of an embedded controller (the black blob on the back of the

board).This controller is standard across many displays (HD 44780) which means

many micro-controllers have libraries that make displaying messages as easy as a

single line of code.

This is the first interfacing example for the Parallel Port. We will start with

something simple. This example doesn't use the Bi- directional feature found on

newer ports, thus it should work with most, if no all Parallel Ports. It however

doesn't show the use of the Status Port as an input. So what are we interfacing? A

16 Character x 2 Line LCD Module to the Parallel Port. These LCD Modules are

very common these days, and are quite simple to work with, as all the logic

required running them is on board.

These instructions must be sent to the LCD's Instruction Register which is

c controlled by the Register Select (Pin 4). When pin 4 is low the instruction

register is selected, thus when high the data register must be selected. We connect

this to the Parallel Port's Select Printer line which happens to be hardware inverted.

Therefore if we write a '1' to bit 3 of the Control Register the Select Printer line goes

low.

We want to first send instructions to the LCD module. Therefore the

Register Select line must be low. As it is hardware inverted, we will want to set bit

3 of the Control Register to '1'.

5.4.2 SCHEMATIC



Fig 5.4.2.1

5.4.3 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

Above is the quite simple schematic. The LCD panel's Enable and

Register Select is connected to the Control Port. The Control Port is an open

collector / open drain output. While most Parallel Ports have internal pull-up

resistors, there is a few which don't. Therefore by incorporating the two 10K

external pull up resistors, the circuit is more portable for a wider range of

computers, some of which may have no internal pull up resistors.

We make no effort to place the Data bus into reverse direction.

Therefore we hard wire the R/W line of the LCD panel, into write mode. This will

cause no bus conflicts on the data lines. As a result we cannot read back the LCD's

internal busy flag which tells us if the LCD has accepted and finished processing

the last instruction. This problem is overcome by inserting known delays into our

program.

The 10k Potentiometer controls the contrast of the LCD panel. Nothing

fancy here. As with all the examples, I've left the power supply out. You can use a

bench power supply set to 5v or use a onboard +5 regulator. Remember a few de-

coupling capacitors, especially if you have trouble with the circuit working

properly

After we place a data byte on the data lines, we must then signal to the

LCD module to read the data. This is done using the Enable line. Data is clocked

into the LCD module on the high to low transition. The Strobe is hardware inverted,

thus by setting bit 0 of the Control Register we get a high to low transition on the

Strobe line. We then wait for a delay, and return the line to a high state ready for the



next byte.

After we initialize the LCD Module, we want to send text to it. Characters

are sent to the LCD's Data Port, thus we want to clear bit 3.

The delays should be suitable for most machines. If the LCD panel is not

initializing properly, we can try increasing the delays.

5.5 EEPROM MEMORY

The EEPROM Memory is used for storing the overall voting’s data.

The device is optimized for use in many industrial and commercial applications

where low power and low voltage operation are essential. Also to read or to write

the data, the Memory read & writes facilities are provided. It has high reliability,

that is, the data retention must be long duration. It required only electricity to erase

the data.

5.5.1 FEATURES OF EEPROM

• Low-Voltage and Standard-Voltage Operation

– 2.7 (VCC = 2.7V to 5.5V)

– 1.8 (VCC = 1.8V to 5.5V)



• Low-Power Devices (ISB = 2 μA at 5.5V) Available

• Internally Organized 4096 x 8, 8192 x 8

• 2-Wire Serial Interface

• Schmitt Trigger, Filtered Inputs for Noise Suppression

• Bidirectional Data Transfer Protocol

• 100 kHz (1.8V, 2.5V, 2.7V) and 400 kHz (5V) Clock Rate

• Write Protect Pin for Hardware Data Protection

• 32-Byte Page Write Mode.

• Self-Timed Write Cycle (10 ms max)

• High Reliability

– Endurance: 1 Million Write Cycles

– Data Retention: 100 Years

• Automotive Grade and Extended Temperature Devices Available

• 8-Pin JEDEC PDIP, 8-Pin JEDEC SOIC, 8-Pin EIAJ SOIC,

and 8-pin TSSOP Packages

5.5.2 DESCRIPTION

The AT24C32/64 provides 32,768/65,536 bits of serial electrically erasable

and programmable read only memory (EEPROM) organized as 4096/8192 words

of 8 bits each. The device’s cascadable feature allows up to 8 devices to share a

common 2-wire bus. The device is optimized for use in many industrial and

commercial applications, where low power and low voltage operation are essential.

The AT24C32/64 is available in space saving 8-pin JEDEC PDIP, 8-pin

JEDEC SOIC, 8-pin EIAJ SOIC, and 8-pin TSSOP (AT24C64) package.

5.5.3 PIN CONFIGURATION OF EEPROM



Table 5.5.3.1 Pin configuration of EEPROM

Fig5.5.3.1 Pin out of EEPROM

5.5.4 PIN DESCRIPTION

SERIAL CLOCK (SCL): The SCL input is used to positive edge clock data into

each EEPROM device and negative edge clock data out of each device.

SERIAL DATA (SDA): The SDA pin is bidirectional for serial data transfer. This

pin is open-drain driven and may be wire-O Red with any number of other open-

drain or open collector devices.

DEVICE/PAGE ADDRESSES (A2, A1, A0): The A2, A1 and A0 pins are device address inputs that are hard wired or

left not connected for hardware compatibility with AT24C16. When the pins are

hardwired, as many as eight 32K/64K devices may be addressed on a single bus

system (device addressing is discussed in detail under the Device Addressing

section). When the pins are not hardwired, the default A2, A1, and A0 are zero.

WRITE PROTECT (WP):

The write protect input, when tied to GND, allows normal write operations.

When WP is tied high to VCC, all write operations to the upper quandrant (8/16K

bits) of memory are inhibited. If left unconnected, WP is internally pulled down to



GND.

5.6 KEYPAD INTERFACING

Fig5.6.1. Keypad Interfacing



5.6.1 KEYPAD CONNECTION

Fig5.6.1.1Keypad connection

5.7 MAX 232

It is a voltage converter device in which it converts the TTL logic level to



the RS-232 voltage level and vice versa. So it is also referred as line driver. The

MAX-232 is interface with PC and operates at +5V power supply.

Also MAX-232 is provides the ESD protection to the RS-232 input and

output pins.

5.7.1 MAX-232 INTERFACING

Fig5.7.1.1 MAX232 Interfacing

5.7.2 DISCRIPTION OF MAX-232

The MAX202E–MAX213E, MAX232E/MAX241E consists of three

sections: charge-pump voltage converters, drivers (transmitters), and receivers.



These E versions provide extra protection against ESD. They survive ±15kV

discharges to the RS-232 inputs and outputs, tested using the Human Body Model.

When tested according to IEC1000-4-2, they survive ±8kV contact discharges and

±15kV air-gap discharges.

The rugged E versions are intended for use in harsh environments or

applications where the RS-232 connection is frequently changed (such as notebook

computers). The standard (non-“E”) MAX202, MAX203, MAX205–MAX208,

MAX211, MAX213, MAX232, and MAX241 are recommended for applications

where cost is critical.

Voltage Converter

The +5V to ±10V conversion is performed by dual charge-pump voltage

converters (Figure 4). The first charge-pump converter uses capacitor C1 to double

the +5V into +10V, storing the +10V on the output filter capacitor, C3. The second

uses C2 to invert the +10V into -10V, storing the -10V on the V- output filter

capacitor, C4. In shutdown mode, V+ is internally connected to VCC by a 1k½

pull-down resistor, and V- is internally connected to ground by a 1k½ pull-up

resistor.

RS-232 Drivers

With VCC = 5V, the typical driver output voltage swing is ±8V when

loaded with a nominal 5k½ RS-232 receiver. The output swing is guaranteed to

meet EIA/TIA-232E and V.28 specifications that call for ±5V minimum output

levels under worst-case conditions. These include a 3k½ load, minimum VCC, and

Maximum operating temperature. The open-circuit output voltage swings from (V+

- 0.6V) to V-. Input thresholds are CMOS/TTL compatible. The unused drivers’

inputs on the MAX205E–MAX208E, MAX211E, MAX213E, and MAX241E can

be left Unconnected because 400k½ pull-up resistors to VCC are included on-chip.

Since all drivers invert, the pull up resistors force the unused drivers’ outputs low.

The MAX202E, MAX203E, and MAX232E do not have pull up resistors

on the transmitter inputs.



RS-232 Receivers

The receivers convert the RS-232 signals to CMOS-logic output levels.

The guaranteed 0.8V and 2.4V receiver input thresholds are significantly tighter

than the ±3V thresholds required by the EIA/TIA-232E specification. This allows

the receiver inputs to respond to TTL/CMOS logic levels, as well as RS-232 levels.

The guaranteed 0.8V input low threshold ensures that receivers shorted to ground

have logic 1 output. The 5k½ input resistances to ground ensures that a receiver

with its input left open will also have logic 1 output. Receiver inputs have

approximately 0.5V hysteresis. This provides clean output transitions, even with

slow rise/fall-time signals with moderate amounts of noise and ringing. In

shutdown, the MAX213E’s R4 and R5 receivers have no hysteresis.

RS–232 SPECIFICATIONS

RS–232 is a “complete” standard. This means that the standard sets out to

ensure compatibility between the host and peripheral systems by specifying 1)

common voltage and signal levels, 2)common pin wiring configurations, and 3) a

minimal amount of control information between the host and peripheral systems.

Unlike many standards which simply specify the electrical characteristics of a

given interface, RS–232 specifies electrical, functional, and mechanical

characteristics in order to meet the above three criteria.

5.8 THERMAL PRINTER



Fig 5.8.1

Thermal Printer

Operates on 5V DC & 1.5A average current. Size :85(W) x 76(L) x 43(H) mm Uses RS-232 level signals for serial interface. Uses Thermo chromic paper for printer

A thermal printer (or direct thermal printer) produces a printed

image by selectively heating coated thermo chromic paper, or thermal paper as it is

commonly known, when the paper passes over the thermal print. The coating

turns black in the areas where it is heated, producing an image. Two-color direct

thermal printers can print both black and an additional color (often red) by

applying heat at two different temperatures.

Thermal transfer printing is a related method that uses a heat-sensitive

ribbon instead of heat-sensitive paper.

A thermal printer comprises these key components:

Thermal head — generates heat; prints on paper

Platen — a rubber roller that feeds paper

Spring — applies pressure to the thermal head, causing it to contact the thermo-

sensitive paper

Controller boards — for controlling the mechanism

In order to print, thermo-sensitive paper is inserted between the



thermal head and the platen. The printer sends an electrical current to the heating

elements of the thermal head, which generate heat. The heat activates the thermo-

sensitive coloring layer of the thermo-sensitive paper, which changes color where

heated. Such a printing mechanism is known as a thermal system or direct

system. The heating elements are usually arranged as a matrix of small closely-

spaced dots—thermal printers are actually dot-matrix printers, though they are not

so called.

The paper is impregnated with a solid-state mixture of a dye and a

suitable matrix; a combination of a fluoranleucodye and an octadecylphosphonic

acid is an example. When the matrix is heated above its melting point, the dye

reacts with the acid, shifts to its colored form, and the changed form is then

conserved in metastable state when the matrix solidifies back quickly enough. See

thermochromism.

Controller boards are embedded with firmware to manage the thermal

printer mechanisms. The Firmware can manage multiple bar code types, graphics

and logos. They enable the user to choose between different resident fonts (also

including Asian fonts) and character sizes.

Controller boards can drive various sensors such as paper low, paper

out, door open, top of form etc., and they are available with a variety of interfaces,

such as RS-232, parallel, USB and wireless. For point of sale application some

boards can also control the cash drawer.

Thermal printers print more quietly and usually faster than impact dot

matrix printers. They are also smaller, lighter and consume less power, making

them ideal for portable and retail applications. Cost of thermal paper, their only

consumable, was somewhat less than US$0.10 per sheet as of 2010. By

comparison, one study of the per page cost of color inkjet printers [3] found cost of

third-party ink cartridge and paper to be about $0.05 per page (some low-capacity

cartridges are more expensive to use). Roll-based printers can be rapidly refilled.

Commercial applications of thermal printers include filling station pumps,

information kiosks, point of sale systems, voucher printers in slot machines, print

on demand labels for shipping and products, and for recording live rhythm strips on

hospital cardiac monitors.

Through the 1990s many fax machines used thermal printing

technology. Toward the beginning of the 21st century, however, thermal wax

transfer, laser, and inkjet printing technology largely supplanted thermal printing

technology in fax machines, allowing printing on plain paper.



The Game Boy Printer, made in 1998, was a small thermal printer used

to print out certain elements from some Game Boy games. Early formulations of

the thermo-sensitive coating used in thermal paper were sensitive to incidental

heat, abrasion, friction (which can cause heat, thus darkening the paper), light

(which can fade printed images), and water. Later thermal coating formulations are

far more stable; theoretically, thermally-printed text should remain legible at least

50 years.

Hospitals commonly record fetal ultrasound scan images on thermal

paper. This can cause problems if the parents wish to preserve the image by

laminating it, as the heat of most laminators will darken the entire page—this can

be tested for beforehand on an unimportant thermal print. An option is to make and

laminate a permanent ink duplicate of the image.



CHAPTER 6SOFTWARE

DEVELOPMENT



6. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT6.1 FLOW CHART OF MAIN PROGRAM:

No

Yes


START

Initialize Serial Comm., Buffers, I/O Devices, etc….

Initialize Interrupt and Hardware

Take analog input of Sensor and give it to ADC for conversion.

Take digital input from ADC and give it to µC for processing.

Is Alcohol Detecte

d?

Check for the level of alcohol detected.

Store the data in EEPROM memory.

Print the report and Fine charged through Thermal Printer.

Input Vehicle Number and Date through keypad.

STOP

START

CALL DELAY

SEND COMMAND

SELECT REGISTER

ENABLE LCD

SEND DATA

CALL DATA ROUTINE

CALL DELAY

STOP


6.2 FLOW CHART FOR LCD INTERFACING


START

TAKE DATA FROM P1 TO ACCUMULATOR

REPEAT PROCESS

COMPARE WITH KEY ADDRESS OR DATA

DISPLAY CHARACTER


6.3 FLOW CHART FOR KEYPAD INTERFACING



CHAPTER 7ADVANTAGES



7. ADVANTAGES

1. Easy and Efficient To Test Alcohol detection system is portable hand held devices that are easy to handle and provide quick results. The design and material of Alcohol detection system make it strong to use on field and withstand rough field conditions. The breathalyzers consists of three parts: a mouthpiece, two glass vials containing chemical reaction mixture, and photocells to measure color change. The breathalyzers can easily fit in bag, or purse making it easy to carry anywhere. The portable nature of alcohol detection system makes it a suitable device for random alcohol testing at workplaces, industries etc. The subject has to blow into the mouthpiece and results are displayed in few seconds. Keeping a portable breathalyzers at workplaces makes alcohol monitoring easy and causes very less disruptions during work time. It is difficult to tamper breathalyzers result.

2. Quick and Accurate Results Breathalyzers provide quick and accurate results in few seconds. The alcohol detection sensor in breathalyzers is sensitive enough to detect presence of alcohol with considerable BAC accuracy. The sensor is build strong enough to provide accurate results for several times. The breathalyzers are passed through various quality assurance tests and strict quality requirements. Although portable breathalyzers provide results with considerable accuracy, more advanced types of breathalyzers like Intoxilyzer and Alco sensor can detect alcohol with greater efficiency. Portable breathalyzers are used for preliminary breath test (PBT) and its results are not court admissible. However, the results given by Intoxilyzer are court admissible while that of Alco sensor are not.

3. Helpful For Organizations and Police The law enforcement officers use breathalyzers on highways and roads to check drunken driving that can lead to accidents. Every year large number of accidents occurs on highways and roads due to drunken driving. Drivers who drink and drive put their life as well as others lives at risk. Breathalyzers prove to be an effective tool in checking drunken driving and prevailing of safe driving conditions on highways and roads.

4. Alcohol abuse leads to low productivity, absenteeism, and accidents at workplaces, industries and offices. A lot of alcohol related crimes, injuries can occur at workplaces. There is higher possibility that persons addicted to alcohol can harm themselves or injure others at workplaces. The breathalyzers can help to maintain a safe and productive environment at workplaces. Using breathalyzers for alcohol detection is also a non-invasive way of detection. Even alcohol consumers can use personal breathalyzers which are inexpensive to pre-examine themselves for level of alcohol in blood before driving. As Alcohol testing in laboratories takes more time, breathalyzers provide an easy, quick, and reliable way for alcohol testing at homes, colleges, offices, and highways.



CHAPTER 8APPLICATIONS



8. APPLICATIONS

1) In Companies for high performance by Workers.

If the worker found drunk he is not allowed

to work.

2) In Car for Automatic Engine Ignition Off.

Here if the person detected certain alcohol the car will not start.

GM, Toyota and a few others are working under the Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety, which is a $10 million federal program for mass production of this unit.



CHAPTER 9FUTURE DEMAND



9. FUTURE DEMANDS

o In the future, alcohol interlocks may be a standard feature on all vehicles.

o In order to achieve general acceptance, this technology must be unobtrusive,

fast, accurate, reliable, and repeatable.

o It must also be functional across a wide range of driving and environmental

conditions, require little or no maintenance, and are tamper and circumvention

resistant.

CONSUMER BUY-IN IS CRITICAL

Technology will be effective only if the driving public welcomes and

accepts it:

58 percent of U.S. public supports smart technology to prevent alcohol-

impaired driving

56 percent of Canadian public agree that all new vehicles be equipped with

driver alcohol detection device that prevents starting if the driver is over a

preset limit

37 percent of U.K. public supports requiring all new drivers to use

equipment that tests them for alcohol before starting their car



CHAPTER 10CONCLUSION



10. CONCLUSION

The device performed well for a prototype. The whole system worked

functional very well; it was able to read in values, display the correct/expected BAC

value, and send the operation signal when programmed to do so. There were some

errors which showed up in the prototype. The semiconductor sensor needed to be

operated in the linear region to get reliable results, however the BAC values that

would occur in the normal operation of the device would sometimes be well below

this range.

An alcohol interlock requires a driver to perform a breath test to start a

vehicle, and provide repeated breath samples while the vehicle is in use.

Advances in alcohol interlock technology have overcome many of the

limitations associated with earlier devices.

Technical standards and certification requirements govern the use of delivery

of these devices across jurisdictions.

Devices can withstand many environmental influences and have a variety of

programmable features.



COMPANIES

The companies which are developing this system:-



CHAPTER 11REFERENCES



11. REFERANCES

1. http://www.thinkgeek.com/gadgets/electronic/837f/

2. www.futurelec.com

3. www.nationalelectronics.com

4. www.howstuffworks.com

5. www.electronics4u.com

6. www.dadss.com

7. http://www.hwsensor.com

8. http://www.usatoday.com


http://www.usatoday.com/

http://www.hwsensor.com/

http://www.dadss.com/

http://www.electronics4u.com/

http://www.howstuffworks.com/

http://www.nationalelectronics.com/

http://www.futurelec.com/

http://www.thinkgeek.com/gadgets/electronic/837f/

final ads report completed

Documents

alcohol drinkers

nameblood alcohol percentage

car system

effective system

flow chart of lcd interface

magdum college of engineering

flow chart of keypad

thermal printer page