final 2013 crwd stormwater monitoring report (for website)

2013 Stormwater Monitoring Report

Prepared by:

Capitol Region Watershed District 1410 Energy Park Drive, Suite 4 Saint Paul, MN 55108 (651)-644-8888 www.capitolregionwd.org

May 2014

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................ i

Definitions ..................................................................................................................................... iii

List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ v

List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ xi

1. Executive Summary ........................................................................................................... 1

2. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 5

3. Methods............................................................................................................................... 9

4. Climatological Summary .................................................................................................. 23

5. 2013 District Water Quality Results ................................................................................. 31

6. Como 7 Subwatershed Results.......................................................................................... 63

7. East Kittsondale Subwatershed Results ............................................................................ 85

8. Phalen Creek Subwatershed Results ............................................................................... 111

9. St. Anthony Park Subwatershed Results ......................................................................... 135

10. Trout Brook Subwatershed Results ............................................................................... 173

11. McCarrons Subwatershed Results .................................................................................. 239

12. Conclusions & Recommendations .................................................................................. 265

13. References ....................................................................................................................... 269

Appendix A: Precipitation Sensitivity Analysis (Janke, 2014) .................................................. 273

Appendix B: Metals Standards Based on Hardness .................................................................... 275

Appendix C: Miscellaneous Reference Tables ........................................................................... 279

Appendix D: Supplemental Cumulative Yield Plots .................................................................. 283

Appendix E: Average Monthly Concentrations by Site ............................................................. 289

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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ac Acre AHUG Arlington Hamline Underground Infiltration Facility BMP Best Management Practice cBOD 5-day Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand Cd Cadmium cf Cubic feet cfs Cubic feet per second cfu Colony forming unit Chl-a Chlorophyll-a Cl Chloride Cr Chromium CRWD Capitol Region Watershed District CS Cu

Chronic standard Copper

DO Dissolved Oxygen E. coli Escherichia coli EK EMG EPA

East Kittsondale Event Mean Concentration Environmental Protection Agency

ft FootGP ha

Gottfried’s Pit Hectare

Hg FWA

Mercury Flow-Weighted Average

IBI Index of Biological Integrity IDDE Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination in Inch kg Kilogram L Literlb Pound m Meter MCES MCWG

Metropolitan Council Environmental Services Minnesota Climatological Working Group

mg Milligram mL Milliliter MnDOT Minnesota Department of Transportation MPCA Minnesota Pollution Control Agency MPN Most probable number

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MS4 MSP

Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport

NA NCHF

Not Available North Central Hardwood Forest

NH3 Ammonia Ni Nickel NO2 Nitrite NO3 Nitrate NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NWS NSQD Ortho-P

National Weather Service National Stormwater Quality Database Orthophosphate

Pb Lead PC PCBs PFOS

Phalen Creek Polychlorinated biphenyls perfluorooctane sulfonate

QAPP Quality Assurance Program Plan RCD Ramsey Conservation District RCPW Ramsey County Public Works S SecondSAP TB TB-EB

St. Anthony Park Trout Brook Trout Brook East Branch

TBI TBO TB-WB

Trout Brook Storm Sewer Interceptor Trout Brook Outlet Trout Brook West Branch

TDS Total Dissolved Solids TKN Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen TMDL TN TP

Total Maximum Daily Load Total Nitrogen Total Phosphorus

TSS Total Suspended Solids UMN VPO VSS

University of Minnesota-St. Paul Campus Villa Park Outlet Volatile Suspended Solids

Zn Zinc

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DEFINITIONS

Acute exposure – in water quality standards, the maximum concentration of a chemical to which an organism may be exposed for a short time period without experiencing adverse effects.

Baseflow – the sustained non-storm event flow in a channel or pipe dominated by subsurface flows (i.e. groundwater) that is usually at a relatively constant, slow velocity.

Best Management Practice – technique, measure, or structural control that is used for a given set of conditions to manage the quantity and improve the quality of stormwater runoff in the most cost effective manner.

Bioaccumulation – the accumulation of a toxic substance within an organism, occurring when the substance is absorbed faster than it is lost or expelled. This can lead to chronic poisoning, even if concentrations in the environment are relatively low.

Chronic exposure – in water quality standards, the maximum concentration of a chemical to which an organism may be exposed for an extended period of time without experiencing adverse effects.

Composite sample – a water sample that is made up of several samples taken at spaced intervals.

Contaminants of emerging concern – substances that have been released to, found in, or have potential to enter waters; and present a known or perceived threat to human or environmental health, have new or changing exposure information, or have limited information on the effects of exposure. These often occur at low concentrations and may include pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and personal care products, among others.

Designated use – the water quality standards regulation requires that States and authorized Indian Tribes specify appropriate water uses to be achieved and protected. Appropriate uses are identified by taking into consideration the use and value of the water body for public water supply, for protection of fish, shellfish, and wildlife, and for recreational, agricultural, industrial, and navigational purposes.

Discharge – volumetric rate of flow in pipe or stream, expressed as a volume per unit time, most commonly cubic feet per second (cfs).

Eutrophic – a water body with high nutrient concentrations and primary biological productivity. Eutrophic lakes have murky water and an extensive macrophyte population. Algal blooms are common.

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Flow-weighted concentration – the total pollutant load divided by total flow, often expressed as mg/L.

Grab sample – a water sample that is obtained by taking a single sample.

Hardness – the concentration of calcium and magnesium salts (e.g. calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate) in a water sample.

Illicit Discharge – any discharge to the municipal separate storm sewer system that is not composed entirely of stormwater, except for discharges allowed under a NPDES permit or water used for firefighting operations (EPA).

Impaired Waters – waters that are not meeting their designated uses because of excess pollutants violating water quality standards (from the MPCA website).

Impervious surface – a surface covered by materials that are impenetrable by water. These are primarily artificial structures, such as pavements and rooftops.

Load – the total amount of pollutant, often expressed in lbs or kg.

Normalized Pollutant Yield – this normalized yield accounts for temporal and spatial precipitation differences by dividing the pollutant yield by the number of inches of water runoff (water yield) in a subwatershed over a given period of time. It is expressed as pounds per acre per inch of runoff.

Stormflow – water flowing through the pipe during storm events resulting from precipitation. Storm flow usually occurs for a short amount of time, and has a high velocity.

Stormwater – water that becomes runoff during a precipitation event.

Subwatershed – a delineated area of land within a larger watershed where surface waters and runoff drain to a single point before ultimately discharging from the encompassing watershed.

Total Maximum Daily Load – the maximum amount of a substance that can be received by a water body while still meeting water quality standards. This may also refer to the allocation of acceptable portions of this load to different sources.

Turbidity – a measure of the relative clarity of a liquid. Turbidity measurements can provide a simple indicator of potential pollution in a sample. Turbid water will appear cloudy or hazy.

Watershed – a delineated area of land where surface waters and runoff drain to a single point at a lower elevation.

Yield – the amount of pollutant produced per land area, often expressed as lbs/acre or kg/ha.

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LIST OF FIGURES

2 INTRODUCTION Figure 2-1: Capitol Region Watershed District in Ramsey County, Minnesota. ........................ 7

3 METHODS Figure 3-1: Monitoring locations by station type. ..................................................................... 11

4 CLIMATOLOGICAL SUMMARY Figure 4-1: 30-year normal and 2013 monthly precipitation totals for CRWD. ........................ 25 Figure 4-2: Annual precipitation totals (2005-2013) observed in CRWD by MCWG. .............. 26 Figure 4-3: Daily temperature highs and snowpack depths from January to April 2013 as

observed at MSP. ............................................................................................................ 30

5 DISTRICT WATER QUALITY SUMMARY Figure 5-1: Total discharge at CRWD monitoring sites in 2013 compared to historical

averages. ........................................................................................................................ 33 Figure 5-2: Baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt discharge totals at CRWD monitoring sites,

2013. ............................................................................................................................... 34 Figure 5-3: Total water yield at CRWD monitoring sites in 2013 compared to historical

averages. ........................................................................................................................ 35 Figure 5-4: Cumulative water yields for combined baseflow + stormflow at CRWD sites, 2013.

........................................................................................................................................ 36 Figure 5-5: Baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt TSS load totals at CRWD monitoring sites,

2013. ............................................................................................................................... 38 Figure 5-6: Total TSS yields at CRWD monitoring sites in 2013 compared to historical

averages. ........................................................................................................................ 39 Figure 5-7: Total TSS yields from CRWD subwatersheds, 2013. ........................................... 40 Figure 5-8: Total normalized TSS yields at CRWD monitoring sites in 2013 compared to

historical averages. ......................................................................................................... 41 Figure 5-9: Cumulative TSS yields for combined baseflow + stormflow at CRWD sites, 2013.

........................................................................................................................................ 42 Figure 5-10: Baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt TP load totals at CRWD monitoring sites,

2013. ............................................................................................................................... 44 Figure 5-11: Total TP yields at CRWD monitoring sites in 2013 compared to historical

averages. ........................................................................................................................ 45 Figure 5-12: Total TP yields from CRWD subwatersheds, 2013. ........................................... 46 Figure 5-13: Total normalized TP yields at CRWD monitoring sites in 2013 compared to

historical averages. ......................................................................................................... 47 Figure 5-14: Cumulative TP yields for combined baseflow + stormflow at CRWD sites, 2013

........................................................................................................................................ 48 Figure 5-15: Cumulative TN yields for combined baseflow + stormflow at CRWD sites, 2013.

........................................................................................................................................ 49 Figure 5-16: Cumulative Cl- yields for combined baseflow + stormflow (with snowmelt) at

CRWD sites, 2013. .......................................................................................................... 50 Figure 5-17: TSS yields from CRWD subwatersheds compared to Twin Cities metro-area

tributaries, 2013. ............................................................................................................. 56

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Figure 5-18: Average 2013 flow-weighted TSS concentrations from CRWD subwatersheds compared to Lamberts Landing and the South Metro Mississippi River TSS TMDL target concentration. .................................................................................................................. 57

Figure 5-19: TP yields from CRWD subwatersheds compared to Twin Cities metro-area tributaries, 2013. ............................................................................................................. 58

Figure 5-20: Average 2013 flow-weighted TP concentrations from CRWD subwatersheds compared to Lamberts Landing and the Lake Pepin Excess Nutrient TMDL target TP concentration. .................................................................................................................. 59

6 COMO 7 SUBWATERSHED RESULTS

Figure 6-1: The Como 7 monitoring station (left) and the Como Golf Course Pond Outlet (right). .............................................................................................................................. 63

Figure 6-2: Map of the Como 7 subwatershed and monitoring locations. ............................... 64 Figure 6-3: Historical total monitored discharge volumes at Como 7 subwatershed for

stormflow and illicit discharges from 2005-2013. ............................................................ 66 Figure 6-4: Historical and 2013 cumulative stormflow water yield from Como 7 subwatershed.

........................................................................................................................................ 66 Figure 6-5: Historical total monitored TSS loads at Como 7 subwatershed for stormflow and

illicit discharges from 2005-2013. .................................................................................... 67 Figure 6-6: Monthly average storm sample TSS concentrations in 2013 for Como 7

subwatershed and historical averages (2008-2012). ...................................................... 68 Figure 6-7: Historical and 2013 cumulative stormflow TSS yield from Como 7 subwatershed.

........................................................................................................................................ 68 Figure 6-8: Historical total monitored TP loads at Como 7 subwatershed for stormflow and

illicit discharges from 2005-2013. .................................................................................... 69 Figure 6-9: Monthly average storm sample TP concentrations in 2013 for Como 7

subwatershed and historical averages (2008-2012). ...................................................... 70 Figure 6-10: Historical and 2013 cumulative stormflow TP yield from Como 7 subwatershed.

........................................................................................................................................ 70 Figure 6-11: Historical and 2013 cumulative stormflow TN yield from Como 7 subwatershed.

........................................................................................................................................ 71 Figure 6-12: Historical and 2013 cumulative stormflow Cl- yield from Como 7 subwatershed.

........................................................................................................................................ 72 Figure 6-13: 2013 Como 7 level, velocity, and discharge. ...................................................... 74 Figure 6-14: 2013 Como 7 level, discharge, and precipitation. ............................................... 75 Figure 6-15: 2013 Como Golf Course Pond Outlet level, velocity, and discharge. ................. 76 Figure 6-16: 2013 Como Golf Course Pond Outlet level, discharge, and precipitation. .......... 77

7 EAST KITTSONDALE SUBWATERSHED RESULTS Figure 7-1: The East Kittsondale monitoring site location (top, bottom left) and flow-logging

and sampling equipment installed inside storm tunnel (bottom right). ............................ 85 Figure 7-2: Map of the East Kittsondale subwatershed and monitoring location. ................... 86 Figure 7-3: Historical total monitored discharge volumes at East Kittsondale subwatershed for

baseflow, stormflow, snowmelt, and illicit discharges from 2005-2013. .......................... 88 Figure 7-4: Historical and 2013 cumulative water yield from East Kittsondale subwatershed

for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. ....................................... 89 Figure 7-5: Historical total monitored TSS loads at East Kittsondale subwatershed for

baseflow, stormflow, snowmelt, and illicit discharges from 2005-2013. .......................... 91 Figure 7-6: Monthly average storm sample TSS concentrations in 2013 for East Kittsondale

subwatershed and historical averages (2005-2012). ...................................................... 92

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Figure 7-7: Historical and 2013 cumulative TSS yield from East Kittsondale subwatershed for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. ............................................ 93

Figure 7-8: Historical total monitored TP loads at East Kittsondale subwatershed for baseflow, stormflow, snowmelt, and illicit discharges from 2005-2013. .......................................... 94

Figure 7-9: Monthly average storm sample TP concentrations in 2013 for East Kittsondale subwatershed and historical averages (2005-2012). ...................................................... 95

Figure 7-10: Historical and 2013 cumulative TP yield from East Kittsondale subwatershed for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. ............................................ 96

Figure 7-11: Historical and 2013 cumulative TN yield from East Kittsondale subwatershed for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow ............................................. 98

Figure 7-12: Historical and 2013 cumulative Cl- yield from East Kittsondale subwatershed for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. .......................................... 100

Figure 7-13: 2013 East Kittsondale level, velocity, and discharge. ....................................... 102 Figure 7-14: 2013 East Kittsondale level, discharge, and precipitation. ............................... 103

8 PHALEN CREEK SUBWATERSHED RESULTS Figure 8-1: The Phalen Creek monitoring site location (left), flow-logging and sampling

equipment installed inside storm tunnel (top right), and open channel entrance (bottom right). ............................................................................................................................. 111

Figure 8-2: Map of the Phalen Creek subwatershed and monitoring location. ..................... 112 Figure 8-3: Historical total monitored discharge volumes at Phalen Creek subwatershed for

baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt from 2005-2013. ................................................... 114 Figure 8-4: Historical and 2013 cumulative water yield from Phalen Creek subwatershed for

stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. .......................................... 115 Figure 8-5: Historical total monitored TSS loads at Phalen Creek subwatershed for baseflow,

stormflow, and snowmelt from 2005-2013. ................................................................... 116 Figure 8-6: Monthly average storm sample TSS concentrations in 2013 for Phalen Creek

subwatershed and historical averages (2005-2012). .................................................... 117 Figure 8-7: Historical and 2013 cumulative TSS yield from Phalen Creek subwatershed for

stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. .......................................... 118 Figure 8-8: Historical total monitored TP loads at Phalen Creek subwatershed for baseflow,

stormflow, and snowmelt from 2005-2013. ................................................................... 119 Figure 8-9: Monthly average storm sample TP concentrations in 2013 for Phalen Creek

subwatershed and historical averages (2005-2012). .................................................... 120 Figure 8-10: Historical and 2013 cumulative TP yield from Phalen Creek subwatershed for

stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. .......................................... 121 Figure 8-11: Historical and 2013 cumulative TN yield from Phalen Creek subwatershed for

stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. .......................................... 123 Figure 8-12: Historical and 2013 cumulative Cl- yield from Phalen Creek subwatershed for

stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. .......................................... 125 Figure 8-13: 2013 Phalen Creek level, velocity, and discharge. ........................................... 127 Figure 8-14: 2013 Phalen Creek level, discharge, and precipitation. .................................... 128

9 ST. ANTHONY PARK SUBWATERSHED RESULTS Figure 9-1: The St. Anthony Park monitoring site location (left, top right); and Sarita Outlet

monitoring site location (bottom right). .......................................................................... 135 Figure 9-2: Map of the St. Anthony Park subwatershed and monitoring location. ................ 136 Figure 9-3: Historical total monitored discharge volumes at St. Anthony Park subwatershed

for baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt from 2005-2013. .............................................. 138 Figure 9-4: Historical and 2013 cumulative water yield from St. Anthony Park subwatershed

for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. ..................................... 139

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Figure 9-5: Historical total monitored TSS loads at St. Anthony Park subwatershed for baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt from 2005-2013. ................................................... 141

Figure 9-6: Monthly average storm sample TSS concentrations in 2013 for St. Anthony Park subwatershed and historical averages (2005-2012). .................................................... 142

Figure 9-7: Historical and 2013 cumulative TSS yield from St. Anthony Park subwatershed for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. .......................................... 143

Figure 9-8: Historical total monitored TP loads at St. Anthony Park subwatershed for baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt from 2005-2013. ................................................... 144

Figure 9-9: Monthly average storm sample TP concentrations in 2013 for St. Anthony Park subwatershed and historical averages (2005-2012). .................................................... 145

Figure 9-10: Historical and 2013 cumulative TP yield from St. Anthony Park subwatershed for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. .......................................... 146

Figure 9-11: Historical and 2013 cumulative TN yield from St. Anthony Park subwatershed for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. .......................................... 148

Figure 9-12: Historical and 2013 cumulative Cl- yield from St. Anthony Park subwatershed for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. .......................................... 150

Figure 9-13: Historical total monitored discharge volumes at Sarita for stormflow from 2006-2013. ............................................................................................................................. 152

Figure 9-14: Historical and 2013 cumulative water yield from Sarita for stormflow. ............. 152 Figure 9-15: Historical total monitored TSS loads at Sarita for stormflow from 2006-2013. . 153 Figure 9-16: Monthly average storm sample TSS concentrations in 2013 for Sarita and

historical averages (2006-2012). ................................................................................... 154 Figure 9-17: Historical and 2013 cumulative TSS yield from Sarita for stormflow. ............... 155 Figure 9-18: Historical total monitored TP loads at Sarita for stormflow from 2006-2013. .... 156 Figure 9-19: Monthly average storm sample TP concentrations in 2013 for Sarita and

historical averages (2006-2012). ................................................................................... 157 Figure 9-20: Historical and 2013 cumulative TP yield from Sarita for stormflow. .................. 157 Figure 9-21: Historical and 2013 cumulative TN yield from Sarita for stormflow. ................. 158 Figure 9-22: Historical and 2013 cumulative Cl- yield from Sarita for stormflow. .................. 159 Figure 9-23: 2013 St. Anthony Park level, velocity, and discharge. ...................................... 161 Figure 9-24: 2013 St. Anthony Park level, discharge, and precipitation. .............................. 162 Figure 9-25: 2013 Sarita level, velocity, and discharge. ....................................................... 168 Figure 9-26: 2013 Sarita level, discharge, and precipitation. ................................................ 169

10 TROUT BROOK SUBWATERSHED RESULTS Figure 10-1: The Trout Brook-West Branch monitoring site location. ................................... 173 Figure 10-2: The Trout Brook-East Branch monitoring site location. .................................... 174 Figure 10-3: The Trout Brook Outlet monitoring site location. .............................................. 174 Figure 10-4: Map of the Trout Brook subwatershed and monitoring locations. ..................... 175 Figure 10-5: Historical total monitored discharge volumes at Trout Brook-West Branch for

baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt from 2005-2013. ................................................... 177 Figure 10-6: Historical and 2013 cumulative water yield from Trout Brook-West Branch for

stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. .......................................... 178 Figure 10-7: Historical total monitored TSS loads at Trout Brook-West Branch for baseflow,

stormflow, and snowmelt from 2005-2013. ................................................................... 179 Figure 10-8: Monthly average storm sample TSS concentrations in 2013 for Trout Brook-

West Branch and historical averages (2007-2012). ...................................................... 180 Figure 10-9: Historical and 2013 cumulative TSS yield from Trout Brook-West Branch for

stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. .......................................... 181 Figure 10-10: Historical total monitored TP loads at Trout Brook-West Branch for baseflow,

stormflow, and snowmelt from 2005-2013. ................................................................... 182

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Figure 10-11: Monthly average storm sample TP concentrations in 2013 for Trout Brook-West Branch and historical averages (2007-2012). ............................................................... 183

Figure 10-12: Historical and 2013 cumulative TP yield from Trout Brook-West Branch for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. .......................................... 184

Figure 10-13: Historical and 2013 cumulative TN yield from Trout Brook-West Branch for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. .......................................... 186

Figure 10-14: Historical and 2013 cumulative Cl- yield from Trout Brook-West Branch for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. .......................................... 188

Figure 10-15: Historical total monitored discharge volumes at Trout Brook-East Branch for baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt from 2006-2013. ................................................... 190

Figure 10-16: Historical and 2013 cumulative water yield from Trout Brook-East Branch for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. .......................................... 191

Figure 10-17: Historical total monitored TSS loads at Trout Brook-East Branch for baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt from 2006-2013. ................................................................... 192

Figure 10-18: Monthly average storm sample TSS concentrations in 2013 for Trout Brook-East Branch and historical averages (2007-2012). ....................................................... 193

Figure 10-19: Historical and 2013 cumulative TSS yield from Trout Brook-East Branch for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. .......................................... 194

Figure 10-20: Historical total monitored TP loads at Trout Brook-East Branch for baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt from 2006-2013. ................................................................... 195

Figure 10-21: Monthly average storm sample TP concentrations in 2013 for Trout Brook-East Branch and historical averages (2007-2012). ............................................................... 196

Figure 10-22: Historical and 2013 cumulative TP yield from Trout Brook-East Branch for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. .......................................... 197

Figure 10-23: Historical and 2013 cumulative TN yield from Trout Brook-East Branch for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. .......................................... 199

Figure 10-24: Historical and 2013 cumulative Cl- yield from Trout Brook-East Branch for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. .......................................... 200

Figure 10-25: Historical total monitored discharge volumes at Trout Brook Outlet for baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt from 2005-2013. ................................................................... 202

Figure 10-26: Historical and 2013 cumulative water yield from Trout Brook Outlet for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. .......................................... 203

Figure 10-27: Historical total monitored TSS loads at Trout Brook Outlet for baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt from 2005-2013. ................................................................... 204

Figure 10-28: Monthly average storm sample TSS concentrations in 2013 for Trout Brook Outlet and historical averages (2007-2012). ................................................................. 205

Figure 10-29: Historical and 2013 cumulative TSS yield from Trout Brook Outlet for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. ............................................................ 206

Figure 10-30: Historical total monitored TP loads at Trout Brook Outlet for baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt from 2005-2013. ................................................................... 207

Figure 10-31: Monthly average storm sample TP concentrations in 2013 for Trout Brook Outlet and historical averages (2007-2012). ................................................................. 208

Figure 10-32: Historical and 2013 cumulative TP yield from Trout Brook Outlet for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. ............................................................ 209

Figure 10-33: Historical and 2013 cumulative TN yield from Trout Brook Outlet for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. ............................................................ 211

Figure 10-34: Historical and 2013 cumulative Cl- yield from Trout Brook Outlet for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. ............................................................ 212

Figure 10-35: 2013 Trout Brook-West Branch level, velocity, and discharge. ...................... 215 Figure 10-36: 2013 Trout Brook-West Branch level, discharge, and precipitation. ............... 216 Figure 10-37: 2013 Trout Brook-East Branch level, velocity, and discharge. ....................... 222

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Figure 10-38: 2013 Trout Brook-East Branch level, discharge, and precipitation. ................ 223 Figure 10-39: 2013 Trout Brook Outlet level, velocity, and discharge. ................................. 229 Figure 10-40: 2013 Trout Brook Outlet level, discharge, and precipitation. .......................... 230 Figure 10-41: 2013 Arlington-Jackson elevation and precipitation. ...................................... 235 Figure 10-42: 2013 Sims-Agate elevation and precipitation. ................................................ 236 Figure 10-43: 2013 Westminster-Mississippi elevation and precipitation. ............................ 237 Figure 10-44: 2013 Willow Reserve elevation and precipitation. .......................................... 238

11 LAKE MCCARRONS SUBWATERSHED RESULTS

Figure 11-1: The Lake McCarrons Outlet monitoring site location (left); and Villa Park Wetland System (Villa Park Outlet) monitoring site location (right). ............................................ 239

Figure 11-2: Map of the Lake McCarrons subwatershed and monitoring locations. ............. 240 Figure 11-3: Historical total monitored discharge volumes at Villa Park Outlet for baseflow

and stormflow from 2006-2013. .................................................................................... 242 Figure 11-4: Historical and 2013 cumulative water yield from Villa Park Outlet for stormflow,

baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. ............................................................ 243 Figure 11-5: Historical total monitored TSS loads at Villa Park Outlet for baseflow and

stormflow from 2006-2013. ........................................................................................... 245 Figure 11-6: Monthly average storm sample TSS concentrations in 2013 for Villa Park Outlet

and historical averages (2006-2012). ............................................................................ 246 Figure 11-7: Historical and 2013 cumulative TSS yield from Villa Park Outlet for stormflow,

baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. ............................................................ 247 Figure 11-8: Historical total monitored TP loads at Villa Park Outlet for baseflow and

stormflow from 2006-2013. ........................................................................................... 248 Figure 11-9: Monthly average storm sample TP concentrations in 2013 for Villa Park Outlet

and historical averages (2006-2012). ............................................................................ 249 Figure 11-10: Historical and 2013 cumulative TP yield from Villa Park Outlet for stormflow,

baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. ............................................................ 250 Figure 11-11: Historical and 2013 cumulative TN yield from Villa Park Outlet for stormflow,

baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. ............................................................ 252 Figure 11-12: Historical and 2013 cumulative Cl- yield from Villa Park Outlet for stormflow,

baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow. ............................................................ 254 Figure 11-13: 2013 Villa Park Outlet level, velocity, and discharge. ..................................... 257 Figure 11-14: 2013 Villa Park Outlet level, discharge, and precipitation. .............................. 258 Figure 11-15: 2013 Lake McCarrons Outlet level, velocity, and discharge. .......................... 262 Figure 11-16: 2013 Lake McCarrons Outlet level, discharge, and precipitation. .................. 263

APPENDIX D

Figure D-1: Cumulative baseflow discharge for all sites, 2013 ............................................. 284 Figure D-2: Cumulative stormflow discharge for all sites, 2013 ............................................ 285 Figure D-3: Cumulative TSS yields during baseflow for all sites, 2013 ................................. 285 Figure D-4: Cumulative TSS yields during stormflow for all sites, 2013 ............................... 286 Figure D-5: Cumulative TP yields during baseflow for all sites, 2013 ................................... 286 Figure D-6: Cumulative TP yields during stormflow for all sites, 2013 .................................. 287 Figure D-7: Cumulative TN yields during baseflow for all sites, 2013 ................................... 287 Figure D-8: Cumulative TN yields during stormflow for all sites, 2013 .................................. 288 Figure D-9: Cumulative Cl- loading during baseflow for all sites, 2013 ................................. 288

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LIST OF TABLES

3 METHODS

Table 3-1: CRWD 2013 full water quality monitoring site list. ................................................... 9 Table 3-2: CRWD 2013 monitoring site descriptions and equipment. .................................... 10 Table 3-3: Time periods of site operation for 2013 monitoring stations. ................................. 12 Table 3-4: Analysis method, reporting limits, and holding times for water chemistry

parameters analyzed by Metropolitan Council Environmental Services (MCES). ........... 14 Table 3-5: Surface water quality standards for Class 2B waters. ........................................... 21 Table 3-6: NSQD stormwater pollutant median concentrations. ............................................. 22

4 CLIMATOLOGICAL SUMMARY Table 4-1: Daily and monthly precipitation totals for 2013 compared to the NWS 30-year

normals. .......................................................................................................................... 24 Table 4-2: Rainfall intensity statistics for 2013 from MCWG rain gauge data. ........................ 27 Table 4-3: CRWD annual precipitation totals and departure from the NWS 30-year normal. . 27 Table 4-4: Summary of 2013 climatological events. ............................................................... 28

5 DISTRICT WATER QUALITY SUMMARY Table 5-1: Metals toxicity and chronic toxicity standard exceedances at CRWD monitoring

sites, 2013. ...................................................................................................................... 52 Table 5-2: Baseflow grab sample E. coli concentrations at CRWD monitoring sites, 2013. ... 54 Table 5-3: Stormflow grab sample E. coli concentrations at CRWD monitoring sites, 2013. .. 54 Table 5-4: Pollutant standards and average concentrations at CRWD sites and the

Mississippi River at Lamberts Landing, 2013. ................................................................. 60 Table 5-5: CRWD 2013 median stormflow concentrations compared to NSQD median

concentrations. ................................................................................................................ 61 Table 5-6: Annual monitoring results summary for CRWD sites, 2013. .................................. 62

6 COMO 7 SUBWATERSHED SUMMARY Table 6-1: Como 7 subwatershed monitoring results for 2005-2013. ..................................... 73 Table 6-2: 2013 Como 7 subwatershed laboratory data. ........................................................ 78 Table 6-3: 2013 Como 7 subwatershed loading table. ............................................................ 79

7 EAST KITTSONDALE SUBWATERSHED SUMMARY Table 7-1: East Kittsondale subwatershed monitoring results for 2005-2013. ...................... 101 Table 7-2: 2013 East Kittsondale subwatershed laboratory data. ......................................... 104 Table 7-3: 2013 East Kittondale subwatershed loading table. .............................................. 105

8 PHALEN CREEK SUBWATERSHED SUMMARY Table 8-1: Phalen Creek subwatershed monitoring results for 2005-2013. .......................... 126 Table 8-2: 2013 Phalen Creek subwatershed laboratory data. ............................................. 129 Table 8-3: 2013 Phalen Creek subwatershed loading table. ................................................ 130

9 ST. ANTHONY PARK SUBWATERSHED SUMMARY Table 9-1: St. Anthony Park subwatershed monitoring results for 2005-2013. ..................... 160 Table 9-2: 2013 St. Anthony Park subwatershed laboratory data. ........................................ 163

2013 CRWD Stormwater Monitoring Report xii

Table 9-3: 2013 St. Anthony Park subwatershed loading table. ........................................... 164 Table 9-4: Sarita monitoring results for 2006-2013. .............................................................. 167 Table 9-5: 2013 Sarita laboratory data. ................................................................................. 170 Table 9-6: 2013 Sarita loading table. .................................................................................... 171

10 TROUT BROOK SUBWATERSHED SUMMARY Table 10-1: Historic monitoring record (2006-2013) of average annual stormwater pond levels

in the Trout Brook subwatershed. ................................................................................. 213 Table 10-2: Trout Brook-West Branch monitoring results for 2005-2013. ............................. 214 Table 10-3: 2013 Trout Brook-West Branch laboratory data. ............................................... 217 Table 10-4: 2013 Trout Brook-West Branch loading table. ................................................... 218 Table 10-5: Trout Brook-East Branch monitoring results for 2006-2013. .............................. 221 Table 10-6: 2013 Trout Brook-East Branch laboratory data. ................................................ 224 Table 10-7: 2013 Trout Brook-East Branch loading table. .................................................... 225 Table 10-8: Trout Brook Outlet monitoring results for 2005-2013. ........................................ 228 Table 10-9: 2013 Trout Brook Outlet laboratory data. ........................................................... 231 Table 10-10: 2013 Trout Brook Outlet loading table. ............................................................ 232

11 LAKE MCCARRONS SUBWATERSHED SUMMARY Table 11-1: Historical (2005-2013) stage and discharge at the Lake McCarrons Outlet

monitoring station. ......................................................................................................... 255 Table 11-2: Villa Park Outlet monitoring results for 2006-2013. ........................................... 256 Table 11-3: 2013 Villa Park Outlet laboratory data. .............................................................. 259 Table 11-4: 2013 Villa Park Outlet loading table. .................................................................. 260

APPENDIX B

Table B-1: Metals standards based on average hardness, 2013. ......................................... 277 Table B-2: Percent metals toxicity exceedances for copper, lead, and zinc for all sites for all

years monitored. ........................................................................................................... 278 APPENDIX C

Table C-1: Data collection efficiency at CRWD monitoring sites, 2013 ................................ 280 Table C-2: Total rainfall during monitoring days at CRWD sites ........................................... 281 Table C-3: Number of possible monitoring days for continuously monitored sites. .............. 281

APPENDIX E

Table E-1: Average monthly baseflow concentrations by site, 2005-2013 ........................... 290 Table E-2: Average monthly stormflow concentrations by site, 2005-2013 .......................... 292 Table E-3: Average snowmelt concentrations by site, 2005-2013 ........................................ 294

2013 CRWD Stormwater Monitoring Report 1

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1 CAPITOL REGION WATERSHED DISTRICT

Located in Ramsey County, Minnesota the Capitol Region watershed is a small urban watershed nested in the Upper Mississippi River basin with all runoff eventually discharging to the Mississippi River. Capitol Region Watershed District (CRWD) is a special purpose unit of government formed in 1998 to manage, protect, and improve water resources within the Capitol Region watershed boundaries. CRWD contains portions of five cities, including: Falcon Heights, Lauderdale, Maplewood, Roseville, and Saint Paul. CRWD is highly urbanized with a population of 245,000 and 42% impervious surface coverage. All runoff from CRWD eventually discharges to the Mississippi River through 42 outfall pipes along a 13-mile stretch of river bordering the southern boundary of the District.

1.2 PURPOSE OF REPORT

A goal of CRWD is to understand and address the presence of stormwater pollutants and their impacts on water quality within the District in order to better protect and manage local water resources. Therefore, CRWD established a monitoring program in 2004 to: (1) identify water quality problem areas; (2) quantify subwatershed runoff pollutant loadings; (3) evaluate the effectiveness of stormwater best management practices (BMPs); (4) provide data for the calibration of hydrologic, hydraulic, and water quality models; and (5) promote understanding of District water resources and water quality. To achieve these objectives, CRWD collects continuous flow data and stormwater quality data from major subwatersheds, lakes, ponds, and stormwater BMPs. This annual report presents the stormwater quality and quantity data collected during the 2013 monitoring year (January 2013 to December 2013) and provides analysis of results for all monitored subwatersheds. In addition, historical water quality and quantity data from previous monitoring years (2005-2012) are reported for comparison to the 2013 data. The purpose of this report is to use the data to characterize overall watershed health and water quality trends over time, which in turn will inform management decisions for continued improvement of District water resources. Previous annual stormwater monitoring reports (2005-2012) are available on the CRWD website (www.capitolregionwd.org).

1.3 STORMWATER MONITORING METHODS

Within CRWD, there are sixteen major subwatersheds, six of which are currently monitored for water quantity and quality (St. Anthony Park, East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, Trout Brook, McCarrons, and Como). Within the six monitored subwatersheds, CRWD collected water quality and/or quantity data at seventeen monitoring sites in 2013, including: ten “full water


quality” stations with automated samplers and water level and velocity sensors; two “flow-only” stations with water level and velocity sensors; and five water level sites. In addition, six precipitation gauges collected rainfall data across the watershed. Samples were collected during both baseflow and stormflow periods and were analyzed to determine pollutant concentrations for a suite of water quality parameters including nutrients, sediment, metals, and bacteria. At each monitoring site, the flow data and pollutant concentrations data were used to calculate total annual pollutant loading from each subwatershed.

1.4 2013 MONITORING RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS

The total amount of precipitation for the 2013 calendar year was 36.36 inches, which was 5.75 inches greater than the National Weather Service (NWS) 30-year normal. May and June 2013 were the wettest months, comprising 39% of the total annual precipitation, which generated the majority of stormflow and pollutant loading from all CRWD subwatersheds. The months of July through September 2013 were unseasonably dry, which resulted in reduced pollutant loading during this period. In 2013, the Trout Brook subwatershed exported the greatest amount of water (536,193,654 cf) because it has the largest drainage area in CRWD (8,000 acres). The 2013 water yields for all monitored subwatersheds (with the exception of Phalen Creek) were greater than the historical averages of previous monitoring years (2005-2012), largely due to an above average annual precipitation year. In 2013, the annual total suspended solids (TSS) yields generally increased from all monitored subwatersheds in comparison to 2010-2012 annual TSS yields. The stormflows resulting from the May 18-20 and June 21-23 events produced a significant portion of the TSS yield for all sites in 2013. All monitoring sites within the Trout Brook subwatershed produced higher TSS yields on a per acre basis than the historical average (2005-2012) in addition to being greater than all other monitored subwatersheds in 2013. When normalized by inches of runoff, Trout Brook-East Branch had the highest yield (28 lb/ac/in runoff) of any site in 2013, and was more than twice the historical average observed at this site (2007-2012). Large road construction projects within the Trout Brook-East Branch subwatershed likely contributed to the increased sediment yield. The annual total phosphorus (TP) yield generally increased at all sites in comparison to 2010-2012. Like TSS yields, a significant portion of the annual TP yields for all sites in 2013 were generated during the large storm events of May 18-20 and June 21-23. A dry fall resulted in reduced TP yields from late July through September. The normalized TP yield from East Kittsondale is historically the highest of all monitoring sites, which is likely due to a high percentage of total impervious surface area (46%) and the absence of stormwater BMPs and surface water storage in this subwatershed. In 2013, however, the Trout Brook-East Branch subwatershed produced the highest normalized TP yield (0.06 lb/ac/in runoff), which could also potentially be related to localized construction activities in 2013.


In 2013, snowmelt made up a larger portion of discharge, TSS load, and TP load than previous years due to a greater snowpack depth during the winter 2012-2013. Additionally, a greater effort was made to sample snowmelt events and to standardize how snowmelt discharge volumes are quantified in 2013. For metals, the 2013 average stormflow toxicity of lead and copper exceeded the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) toxicity standards at all sites (except Como 7 and Villa Park). Average stormflow toxicity of zinc exceeded the MPCA toxicity standard at East Kittsondale, St. Anthony Park, and Como 7. For all sites, average concentrations of cadmium, chromium, and nickel for all flow types (base, snowmelt, storm, and yearly) did not exceed the MPCA toxicity standards in 2013. Bacteria levels during 2013 storm events were found to exceed the MPCA surface water maximum numeric standard at most monitoring sites. In some cases, bacteria results were 100-1000 times greater than the standard. Baseflow bacteria samples typically did not exceed the MPCA surface water maximum numeric standard in 2013. CRWD stormwater concentrations and yields were compared to local surface waters for points of comparison, though it is acknowledged that water flowing in natural stream channels is different than stormwater. Results showed CRWD stormwater runoff to be significantly more concentrated in pollutants than the Mississippi River at Lamberts Landing in Saint Paul in 2013. Also, when compared to other Twin Cities metro-area tributaries (Bassett Creek, Battle Creek, Fish Creek, and Minnehaha Creek), CRWD subwatersheds generally produced greater TP and TSS yields in 2013. The 2013 median stormwater concentrations for TSS, TP, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were compared to other urbanized areas in the United States using data reported in the National Stormwater Quality Database (NSQD). When comparing to NSQD’s mixed residential land use category, most CRWD monitored subwatersheds exceeded median stormwater concentrations for TSS, TP, TKN, and E. coli.

1.5 2014 RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the results and findings of the 2013 Stormwater Monitoring Report, CRWD has several goals and recommendations for 2014 to continue improving the monitoring program and the water quantity and quality dataset. Specifically, CRWD aims to complete the following in 2014:

Establish AC power and remote data access at the three Trout Brook sites in 2014.

Consider adjusting parameters and frequency of monitoring at certain site locations. Investigate opportunities for monitoring in unmonitored CRWD subwatersheds.


Consider analyzing water quality samples for additional parameters not currently analyzed, such as: bacteria/microbial source tracking and contaminants of emerging concern.

Evaluate the sampling season schedule to potentially reduce the total number of monthly baseflow sampling events and to target specific precipitation events for sampling.

Develop and implement a CRWD Monitoring Quality Assurance Program Plan (QAPP)

in 2014 to ensure data quality.

Begin developing a Monitoring Database for improved data organization, data accessibility, data querying, and data analysis.

Seek to enhance partnerships to broaden our understanding of urban hydrology and

pollutant loading.

Document illicit discharges throughout the watershed and work with District municipalities to eliminate other potential sources of pollution.

Work with the MPCA and monitor chloride pollution in stormwater to contribute data to

the Twin Cities Metro Area Chloride Project.


2 INTRODUCTION

2.1 CRWD BACKGROUND

Located in Ramsey County, Minnesota the Capitol Region watershed is a small urban watershed nested in the Upper Mississippi River basin with all runoff eventually discharging to the Mississippi River. Capitol Region Watershed District (CRWD) is a special purpose unit of government formed in 1998 to manage, protect, and improve all water resources within the Capitol Region watershed boundaries. CRWD contains portions of five cities, including: Falcon Heights, Lauderdale, Maplewood, Roseville, and Saint Paul (Figure 2-1). CRWD is highly urbanized with a population of 245,000 and 42% impervious surface coverage. Watershed land use is primarily residential with areas of commercial and industrial uses.

2.2 CRWD WATER QUALITY ISSUES

Urban development in the watershed over time has significantly impacted the quality of the Mississippi River as well as CRWD lakes, ponds, wetlands, and streams. Impervious surfaces generate polluted stormwater runoff which causes poor water quality, increased peak storm flows, decreased groundwater recharge, increased flooding, and loss of biological habitat. Subsequently, stormwater runoff is one of the most significant sources of pollution to CRWD water resources. It delivers fertilizers, pesticides, pet and wildlife waste, nutrients, sediment, heavy metals, and other anthropogenic pollutants to local water bodies. As stormwater runs off the urban landscape, it is collected and conveyed through an extensive network of underground storm sewer pipes that eventually drain to the Mississippi River. A total of 42 outfall pipes discharge into the 13-mile stretch of the Mississippi River bordering CRWD. Both historical and current water quality data of CRWD lakes, ponds, and the Mississippi River indicate that these water bodies are impaired for various pollutants including nutrients, bacteria, and turbidity and are not meeting the standards for their designated uses of fishing, aquatic habitat, and recreation. The Mississippi River and Como Lake are listed on the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency’s (MPCA) 2012 303(d) list of impaired waters (MPCA, 2012a). Impaired waters require a total maximum daily load (TMDL) study for pollutants of concern including nutrients, turbidity, metals, bacteria, chloride. The nutrient of primary concern in CRWD is phosphorus. Phosphorus is the biological nutrient which limits the growth of algae in most freshwater ecosystems and is often found in high concentrations in stormwater. Phosphorus is naturally present in all water bodies, but in high concentrations can cause the overgrowth of algae and aquatic plants in freshwater lakes and rivers. This can reduce dissolved oxygen and increase turbidity of the water column. Common sources of phosphorous include fertilizers, leaves and grass clippings, pet and wildlife waste, atmospheric deposition, septic and sanitary seepage, and wastewater treatment plant discharges.


Sediment is another major constituent of stormwater runoff. Excessive amounts of sediment negatively impacts water clarity and impairs benthic aquatic habitat. The reduction or removal of sediment from stormwater is essential because other pollutants, such as phosphorus, adhere to sediment particles and are transported in suspension. Sediment originates from erosion of soil particles from construction sites, lawns, stream banks, and lake shores as well as sand application to roadways and parking lots for traction in the winter. Heavy metals, such as lead and copper, are also pollutants of concern in CRWD because they can be toxic in high concentrations. Also, heavy metals can bioaccumulate in organisms, which is of concern to wildlife and humans. Potential sources of metals from road surface runoff include auto exhaust, tire wear, brakes, and some winter de-icing agents. Pathogens, which include bacteria and viruses, also contribute to the water quality degradation of CRWD water resources. They impact recreation and pose potential health risks to humans. Sources of pathogens include illicit sanitary connections to storm drains and animal waste. Chloride in water bodies is a contaminant of growing concern for CRWD. High concentrations of chloride can harm fish and plant life by creating a saline environment. Also, once in dissolved form, chloride cannot be removed from a water body. Chloride is primarily sourced from road salt application for de-icing in the winter months.

2.3 CRWD MONITORING PROGRAM GOALS

CRWD was formed to understand and address these water quality impacts and to better protect and manage local water resources. In 2004, CRWD established a monitoring program to assess water quality and quantity of various District subwatersheds and stormwater best management practices (BMPs). Prior to the CRWD monitoring program, limited data was available on stormwater quantity and quality in the watershed. The objectives of the program are to identify water quality problem areas, quantify subwatershed runoff pollutant loadings, evaluate the effectiveness of BMPs, provide data for the calibration of hydrologic, hydraulic, and water quality models, and promote understanding of District water resources and water quality. CRWD collects water quality and continuous flow data from major subwatersheds, stormwater ponds, lakes, and stormwater BMPs. There are sixteen major subwatersheds in CRWD and monitoring is currently conducted in six major subwatersheds (Figure 2-1), including: Como, East Kittsondale, McCarrons, Phalen Creek, St. Anthony Park, and Trout Brook. Four of the major subwatershed sites monitored by CRWD directly outlet to the Mississippi River. The 2013 CRWD Stormwater Monitoring Report presents results of annual stormwater quantity and quality data for major CRWD subwatersheds and stormwater ponds. Previous annual monitoring reports (2005-2012) are available on the CRWD website (www.capitolregionwd.org). Results and analysis of CRWD lakes and stormwater BMPs are discussed in separate reports (CRWD, 2014; CRWD, 2012), which are also available on the CRWD website.


Figure 2-1: Capitol Region Watershed District in Ramsey County, Minnesota.


3 METHODS

3.1 MONITORING LOCATIONS

In 2013, CRWD collected water quality and quantity data at seventeen monitoring sites in the District: ten full water quality stations, two flow-only stations, and five level logger sites (Figure 3-1). Additionally, six precipitation gauges collected rainfall data across the watershed. At each full water quality station, both water quality and quantity data were collected. The 10 full water quality stations, their locations, and a description of each are detailed in Figure 3-1 and Table 3-1.

Table 3-1: CRWD 2013 full water quality monitoring site list.

Site Name Description

1 East Kittsondale East Kittsondale subwatershed 2 Phalen Creek Phalen Creek subwatershed 3 St. Anthony Park St. Anthony Park subwatershed 4 Trout Brook-East Branch East Branch of the Trout Brook Storm Sewer Interceptor 5 Trout Brook-West Branch West Branch of the Trout Brook Storm Sewer Interceptor 6 Trout Brook Outlet Outlet of the Trout Brook Storm Sewer Interceptor 7 Como 7 Subsection of Como 7 subwatershed 8 Como Golf Course Pond Subsection of Como 7 subwatershed 9 Sarita Upper portion of St. Anthony Park subwatershed – Sarita Wetland outlet 10 Villa Park Outlet Lower portion of the Lake McCarrons subwatershed - Villa Park Wetland outlet

From Table 3-1, four of the full water quality stations (1, 2, 3, and 6) are positioned at or near the outlets of subwatersheds which drain directly to the Mississippi River. The remaining six full water quality stations are located within four minor subwatersheds which do not drain directly to the Mississippi River, but are still ultimately connected through downstream subwatersheds. Two flow-only stations are operated at the outlets of Como Lake and Lake McCarrons to determine the total amount of discharge from the lakes into the Trout Brook Storm Sewer Interceptor. Water level monitoring stations are operated at four storm ponds in the Trout Brook subwatershed and the data is used to calibrate and update models for the Trout Brook Storm Sewer Interceptor. The storm ponds monitored are Arlington-Jackson, Sims-Agate, Westminster-Mississippi, and Willow Reserve (Figure 3-1). Four precipitation gauges are positioned throughout the watershed. They are located at the CRWD office, the Villa Park Outlet monitoring site, Saint Paul Fire Station No. 1, and the Trout Brook-East Branch monitoring site (Figure 3-1). CRWD also obtains precipitation data reported


by the Minnesota Climatology Working Group (MCWG) at the University of Minnesota-St. Paul (UMN) and by the National Weather Service (NWS) at the Minneapolis-St. Paul Airport.

Site Name Subwatershed Description Data Collected EquipmentEast Kittsondale East Kittsondale Storm Sewer L, V, Q, WQ, LT ISCO 6712, 2150 modulePhalen Creek Phalen Creek Storm Sewer L, V, Q, WQ, LT ISCO 6712, 2150 moduleSt. Anthony Park St. Anthony Park Storm Sewer L, V, Q, WQ, LT ISCO 6712, 2150 moduleTrout Brook-East Branch Trout Brook Storm Sewer L, V, Q, WQ, LT ISCO 6712, 2150 moduleTrout Brook-West Branch Trout Brook Storm Sewer L, V, Q, WQ, LT ISCO 6712, 2150 moduleTrout Brook Outlet Trout Brook Storm Sewer L, V, Q, WQ, LT ISCO 6712, 2150 moduleComo 7 Como 7 Storm Sewer L, V, Q, WQ, LT ISCO 6712, 2150 moduleComo Golf Course Pond Outlet Como 7 Storm Sewer L, V, Q, WQ, LT ISCO 6712, 750 moduleSarita St. Anthony Park Storm Sewer L, V, Q, WQ, LT ISCO 6712, 2150 moduleVilla Park Outlet Lake McCarrons Wetland L, V, Q, WQ, LT ISCO 6712, 750 moduleArlington-Jackson Trout Brook Stormwater Pond L Global Water Level LoggerSims-Agate Trout Brook Stormwater Pond L Global Water Level LoggerWestminster-Mississippi Trout Brook Stormwater Pond L Global Water Level LoggerWillow Reserve Trout Brook Stormwater Pond L Global Water Level LoggerMcCarrons Outlet Lake McCarrons Lake Outlet L, V, Q ISCO 4150 moduleComo Outlet Como Lake Lake Outlet L, Q Global Water Level LoggerVilla Park Overflow Lake McCarrons Wetland L, Q Global Water Level LoggerSt. Paul Fire Station* West Seventh Precipitation Precip. Onset HoboTrout Brook - East Branch* Trout Brook Precipitation Precip. Onset HoboCRWD Office* St. Anthony Park Precipitation Precip. Manual GaugeVilla Park * Lake McCarrons Precipitation Precip. Manual Gauge* Data not included in 2013 Monitoring Report

Key L Level (ft)

V Velocity (ft/s)

Q Discharge (cfs)

WQ Water Quality (Nutrients, Solids, Metals, Bacteria)

LT Loading Table (calculated loads & yields)

Precip. Precipitation (in)

Table 3-2: CRWD 2013 monitoring site descriptions and equipment.


Figure 3-1: Monitoring locations by station type.


3.2 MONITORING METHODS AND ANALYSIS

3.2.1 PERIOD OF OPERATION

Six of the full water quality sites (St. Anthony Park, East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, Trout Brook-East Branch, Trout Brook-West Branch, and Trout Brook Outlet) were monitored continuously in 2013 (January 1 through December 31). Each site had a flow logger installed for the entire calendar year and an automatic sampler installed from April to November. Besides these six sites, all other full water quality, flow logger, level logger, and precipitation monitoring sites were generally operational from April to November 2013 (seasonally monitored sites). Table 3-3 lists the periods of site operation from install to uninstall for 2013.

Table 3-3: Time periods of site operation for 2013 monitoring stations.

Continuously Monitored Sites Install Date/Time*

Uninstall Date/Time*

East Kittsondale 01/01/2013 00:00 12/31/2013 23:59

Phalen Creek 01/01/2013 00:00 12/31/2013 23:59

St. Anthony Park 01/01/2013 00:00 12/31/2013 23:59

Trout Brook-East Branch 01/01/2013 00:00 12/31/2013 23:59

Trout Brook-West Branch 01/01/2013 00:00 12/31/2013 23:59

Trout Brook Outlet 01/01/2013 00:00 12/31/2013 23:59

Seasonally Monitored Sites

Como 7 05/02/2013 13:52 11/12/2013 08:29

Como Golf Course Pond Outlet 06/25/2013 00:00 11/12/2013 09:32

Sarita 05/03/2013 09:12 11/12/2013 13:26

Villa Park Outlet 04/22/2013 14:09 11/05/2013 10:31

Arlington-Jackson 04/29/2013 14:39 10/28/2013 09:21

Sims-Agate 05/03/2013 11:35 10/28/2013 08:57

Westminster-Mississippi 04/29/2013 15:11 10/28/2013 09:37

Willow Reserve 05/03/2013 10:57 10/28/2013 09:06

McCarrons Outlet 04/29/2013 13:28 11/02/2013 14:38

Como Outlet 04/30/2013 12:30 11/12/2013 11:05

* Date/Time indicates period of operation for continuously monitored sites in 2013


3.2.2 FULL WATER QUALITY STATIONS

Full water quality stations in 2013 consisted of an area-velocity sensor and an automated water sampler. The area-velocity sensors were secured to the base and center of the pipe or channel and were connected to the automated water sampler housed above ground. Area-velocity sensors measured and recorded water depth and velocity every 10 or 15 minutes. This data was used to calculate discharge or volumetric flow of water at the site by relating water depth in the pipe or channel to area (each pipe or channel has a unique relationship) and multiplying by the velocity reading. When the flow of water reached a specified depth or velocity, the sampler engaged to collect water samples. Generally, samplers were programmed to capture storm events greater than or equal to the 0.5 inch precipitation event. Two different sampler sizes were used: a compact sampler and a full-size sampler. A compact sampler can collect up to 48-200 milliliter (mL) samples (2 per bottle). A full-size sampler can collect 96- 200 mL samples (4 per bottle). A sample was collected after a specified volume of water passed through the site in order to collect samples over the entire hydrograph. These individual samples were combined and mixed to produce a single composite sample. This approach provides a better representation of stormwater quality throughout the entirety of a storm or base flow event as opposed to taking a single grab sample. To create a composite sample of an event at a given site, the individual sample bottles were first shaken until the sampled water became homogenous. The sample bottles were then poured together into a 14-Liter (L) churn sample splitter and thoroughly mixed to create a homogenous sample. Once mixed, 4 liters of the homogenous sample were distributed to a sample bottle provided by the Metropolitan Council Environmental Services (MCES) Laboratory. Water quality samples were collected during storm events at the ten full water quality sites. With the exception of Sarita, Como 7, and Como Golf Course Pond, monitoring sites had continuous baseflow during dry weather periods. Composite samples of this dry weather baseflow were taken at these sites twice a month from April to November and once a month from December to March. Bacteria grab samples for Escherichia coli (E. coli) were taken at all full water quality sites during storm events when runoff was generated. At sites with baseflow, bacteria base grab samples were collected twice a month during dry weather from March to November and monthly during the winter. When collected, bacteria grab samples for E. coli were sampled directly into sterilized containers during storm events and baseflow periods and delivered immediately to the lab for analyses due to the short sample holding time (6 hours). Water quality samples were delivered to the Metropolitan Council Environmental Services (MCES) Laboratory for analysis. The chemical parameters, method of analysis, and holding times are listed in Table 3-4. If the lab analysis occurred after the holding time of a given chemical parameter had expired, that chemical parameter was not analyzed.


Table 3-4: Analysis method, reporting limits, and holding times for water chemistry parameters analyzed by Metropolitan Council Environmental Services (MCES).

3.2.3 FLOW-ONLY AND LEVEL LOGGER STATIONS

The flow-only stations positioned at the outlets of Como Lake and Lake McCarrons use two different methods to collect and determine discharge data. At the Como Lake outlet, flow is regulated by a wooden weir in a manhole. A level sensor was placed on the upstream side of the weir. When the level recorded exceeded the distance between the sensor and the weir, the structure was discharging. The volume was then calculated based on the dimensions of the weir, the recorded level, and the periods of recorded outflow. At the Lake McCarrons outlet, an area-velocity sensor connected to a data logger collected and recorded water depth and velocity every ten minutes. This data was used to calculate discharge at the site with the known pipe dimensions.

Parameter Abbreviation Method Reporting Limit Holding TimeCadmium Cd MET-ICPMSV_5 0.0002 mg/L 180 days

Carbonaceous BOD, 5 day CBOD BOD5_5 0.2 mg/L 48 hours

Chloride Cl CHLORIDE_AA_3 0.5 mg/L 28 days

Chromium Cr MET-ICPMSV_5 0.00008 mg/L 180 days

Copper Cu MET-ICPMSV_5 0.0003 mg/L 180 days

Escherichia Coli E. coli Colilert and Colilert-18 with Quanti-Tray/2000 method N/A 6 hours

Fluoride Fl ANIONS_IC_3 0.02 mg/L 28 days

Hardness Hardness HARD-TITR_3 N/A 28 days

Lead Pb MET-ICPMSV_5 0.0001 mg/L 180 days

Nickel Ni MET-ICPMSV_5 0.0003 mg/L 180 days

Nitrate as N NO3 N-N_AA_4 0.01 mg/L 28 days

Nitrite as N NO2 N-N_AA_4 0.003 mg/L 28 days

Nitrogen, Ammonia NH3 NH3_AA_3 0.005 mg/L 28 days

Nitrogen, Kjeldahl, Total TKN NUT_AA_3 0.03 mg/L 28 days

Orthophosphate as P Ortho-P ORTHO_P_1 0.005 mg/L 48 hours

pH at 25 Degrees C pH pH by electrochemical pH probe N/A N/A

Phosphorus, Dissolved Dissolved P P-AV 0.02 mg/L 28 days

Phosphorus, Total TP NUT_AA_3 0.02 mg/L 28 days

Potassium K MET-ICPMSV_5 .03 mg/L 180 days

Sulfate SO4 SO4-IC 0.15 mg/L 28 days

Surfactants MBAS$ SM 5540 C 0.10 mg/L 48 hours

Total Dissolved Solids TDS TDS180_1 5 mg/L 7 days

Total Suspended Solids TSS TSSVSS_3 N/A 7 days

Volatile Suspended Soilds VSS TSSVSS_3 N/A 7 days

Zinc Zn MET-ICPMSV_5 0.0008 mg/L 180 days


Level logger stations were operated at four storm ponds within the Trout Brook subwatershed (Figure 3-1). The data collected at these sites is used to track pond elevation in relation to precipitation. The data is also used to calibrate the hydrologic and hydraulic model for the Trout Brook Storm Sewer Interceptor. A pressure transducer was secured at a known depth in the pond and connected to a data logger which continuously recorded stage every ten minutes. The logger locations were surveyed relative to a known benchmark in order to convert stage data to a true elevation.

3.2.4 PRECIPITATION STATIONS

Precipitation was measured using automatic and manual rain gauges (Figure 3-1). The Trout Brook-East Branch and Saint Paul Fire Station No. 1 precipitation monitoring sites used automatic tipping bucket rain gauges which record precipitation amounts continuously during storm events in order to determine rainfall intensity. Manual rain gauges were used at the CRWD office and Villa Park. The manual rain gauge at the CRWD office was checked and emptied each workday at 7:30 AM. The manual rain gauge at Villa Park was checked and emptied after every storm event. Precipitation data, recorded every 15 minutes at the UMN St. Paul campus, was used to determine daily, monthly, and annual rainfall amounts for the Capitol Region watershed. Precipitation data from the NWS at the Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport was substituted for any gaps in the UMN data. It is acknowledged that a low level of variability exists spatially and temporally for precipitation events within the District. However, previous watershed model calibration within the District has shown that the precipitation amount at the UMN site adequately represents that data in the District.

3.2.5 MONITORING DATA QUALITY ASSURANCE

Full water quality sites that were installed for the entire year in 2013 collected data for an average of 359 days. CRWD achieved an average monitoring efficiency of 98% at the continuously monitored full water quality sites in 2013, meaning that 98% of all potential data was collected during the calendar year (Appendix C). Missing data accounted for the remaining 2% and was due to equipment failure, power failure, flooding, or vandalism. Monitoring at Villa Park, Sarita, and Como 7 was 100% efficient during the periods they were installed from April to November 2013. The level and flow-only sites were also 100% efficient, except for the Westminster-Mississippi level logger which lost five days, making it 97% efficient. After the 2013 monitoring season was complete, flow data was quality checked and corrected by removing points with missing data or negative values and interpolating their values between good data points. If there were extended periods of missing or bad data in which there were no storm events, an average baseflow level and velocity were calculated and substituted. For storm events where velocity did not log accurately, but level was still logged, a stage-velocity regression equation was developed using level and velocity data from good periods of stormflow record. The equation for the regression line was then used to determine velocity for those periods of missing data. If this was not possible or there were storm events during this time, the data was left as missing and not factored into discharge calculations.


The 2013 water quality sample data reported by the MCES lab was also rigorously checked for quality. The reported sample times and dates were compared with field notes as well as the lab chain of custody forms. Any abnormally high or low sample values were denoted and cross-checked with field notes to ensure the parameter value was commensurate with the conditions of the day in which the sample was taken. Sample concentration results that were outside of the average range of data were identified as outliers and removed from monthly and yearly average concentration calculations.

3.2.6 TOTAL DISCHARGE AND POLLUTANT LOAD CALCULATIONS

For all full water quality monitoring sites, the stage, velocity, and water quality data collected were used to calculate total discharge and pollutant loads for total phosphorus (TP), and total suspended solids (TSS). Discharge and pollutant loads were calculated for each base, storm, snowmelt, and illicit discharge event at all sites, as well as total discharge and loads for the entire monitoring season. At the sites monitored continuously, the totals represent annual discharges and loads. At Como 7, Sarita, and Villa Park, monitoring equipment cannot be operated during the winter months because equipment failure or damage can occur from freezing temperatures and ice. The 2013 reported discharge and loads for these sites is only representative of April through November. Total discharge and pollutant loads for the Como 7 Subwatershed include combined data from the Como 7 monitoring site and the outlet for the Como Golf Course Pond. The outflow from the pond discharges into a storm sewer just downstream of the Como 7 monitoring site. Analysis of the combined Como 7 and Como Golf Course Pond site data was done in the same manner as all other full water quality monitoring sites. For Villa Park, total discharge and pollutant loads also include any discharge flowing through the emergency overflow near the outlet of the wetland system. Discharge was quantified by placing a level logger near the weir outlet structure that recorded the duration of an overflow period.

Flow Partitioning and Discharge Calculation

The 2013 final flow data for each site was separated into base, storm, snowmelt, and illicit discharge intervals. For sites without sustained baseflow, all events corresponding to a precipitation event were considered storm intervals. For sites with year-round baseflow, careful separation of stormflow and baseflow was necessary. An event was considered a storm interval if its peak discharge exceeded a certain threshold (unique to each site). The beginning and end of the interval were determined by interpreting when flow first rose above baseflow conditions and when flow returned to baseflow conditions following the storm. In 2013, snowmelt intervals were determined differently from 2009-2012. From 2009-2012, snowmelt intervals were inconsistently identified. For the 2013 data, possible snowmelt intervals were first identified by peaks in the hydrograph exceeding 150% of the normal baseflow for the time of year. These peaks were cross-referenced with snowpack data from the National Weather Service (NWS). A peak was determined to be a snowmelt interval if a snowpack depth was recorded by the NWS the day of the peak and no precipitation was recorded. If precipitation occurred on the same day as a peak and a snowpack depth was recorded, the event was also


classified as snowmelt. If precipitation (including snow) occurred on the same day as a peak, but no snowpack was recorded, the event was classified as a storm event. An event was considered a potential illicit discharge if elevated flow was observed in the discharge data that did not correspond to precipitation, snowmelt, or any other known event. The total discharge for each interval was calculated using Isco Flowlink® (Version 5.1) software. Flowlink was used to integrate the flow rate data in the specified interval calculating the total discharge volume for the event. Interval discharge volumes were summed to calculate a total discharge for the 2013 monitoring period. Discharge subtotals were also calculated by flow type for the monitoring period.

Interval Load Calculation

The TP and TSS concentrations, reported by the MCES lab, were used to calculate TP and TSS loads for the interval corresponding to each sampled event. For those event intervals in which samples were not collected, an average historical monthly concentration was applied. The average concentration is calculated using the average of all samples collected for a given monitoring site by month and event type (i.e. base, storm, snowmelt, or illicit discharge) for the entire monitoring record. The average concentration values used for the 2013 load calculations are listed in Appendix E. Prior to 2013, an annual average concentration for each event type was calculated for each year and applied to unsampled intervals. TP and TSS loads were calculated for each interval using the following equation:

∗ / ∗.

∗

,

Interval discharge and TP and TSS loads were summed to produce total discharge and pollutant loads for the entire monitoring period.

3.2.7 FLOW WEIGHTED AVERAGE (FWA) CONCENTRATION CALCULATIONS

A total flow weighted average (FWA) concentration, as well as a FWA concentration for each flow type, was calculated for TP and TSS for the entire monitoring period in 2013. The total FWA concentration takes into account the differences generally observed between flow types. Flow weighted concentrations take the discrete sample concentrations and weight them based on the flow volumes associated with that event. This presents a more accurate representation than an average of all interval concentrations. At sites with baseflow for example, pollutant concentrations tend to be higher during storm events, but generally account for less of the total annual discharge. An overall average would be skewed toward the higher storm concentrations. In the same manner, FWA concentrations by flow type (e.g. storm, base, snowmelt, illicit discharge) account for differences in the relative effect of individual intervals (flow events) on the average. Total FWAs for TP and TSS for the entire monitoring season were calculated using the following equation:


/ ∗

453,592

∗ 28.32

FWA concentrations for TP and TSS for each flow type were calculated by dividing the total load associated with a given flow type by the total discharge associated with the flow type:

/∑ ∗

453,592

∗ 28.32

3.2.8 POLLUTANT YIELD AND NORMALIZED POLLUTANT YIELD CALCULATIONS

To make useful and valid comparisons of stormwater monitoring data between 2013 full water quality data and previous monitoring years and between sites, the data was normalized to eliminate the influence of subwatershed size and annual precipitation. Annual yields for total discharge and total TP and TSS loads for each full water quality monitoring site were calculated. This allows for site-by-site comparisons of the monitoring data by removing the influence of drainage area. Water yields were calculated using the following equation:

/

Pollutant yields for TP and TSS were calculated using the following equation:

/

The total TP and TSS load data was also normalized to account for temporal and spatial differences in precipitation. By removing the influence of year-to-year variation in precipitation, trends of pollutant loads are more easily recognizable. Normalized pollutant yields were calculated in two steps. First, total runoff (in inches) was calculated for each full water quality monitoring site. The amount of runoff was calculated using the following equation:

/ ∗1

43,560∗121

Next, the normalized TP and TSS yield was calculated. Normalized TP and TSS yields were calculated using the following equation:


/

3.2.9 CUMULATIVE YIELD

Cumulative yield plots for discharge, TP, TSS, total nitrogen (TN), and chloride (Cl-) were developed for each site. Cumulative yield plots are useful for showing the rate and temporal distribution of yield accumulation throughout the course of the monitoring season. Each point along the curve represents the accumulated yield from the beginning of the period up to that point in time. Separate curves were created for baseflow, stormflow and combined flow (stormflow+baseflow) for 2013 as well as the mean of the historical monitoring record (2005-2012). The mean cumulative yield curves were determined by taking the average of all previous years’ cumulative yields on a daily basis.

3.2.10 METAL EXCEEDANCES

The toxicity of a metal is a function of water hardness. For CRWD watersheds, the chronic toxicity standard is used, as defined in Minnesota Rules 7050.0222 for each of the 6 metals (Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn). Equations for the chronic standard for each metal in g/L are listed in Appendix B. Average 2013 metal concentrations from storm flow, baseflow, snowmelt, illicit discharge, and total flow were compared to the chronic standard (table XX in results section). A toxicity exceedance was defined as a sample concentration that exceeded the chronic toxicity standard. Exceedances were assessed only for stormflow because the generally low concentrations of metals and the high water hardness in baseflow generally lead to very few toxicity exceedances. Additionally, toxicity exceedance was only assessed for Cu, Pb, and Zn. Exceedances were expressed as a percent of storm samples exceeding the chronic standard and as the mean ratio of exceedances relative to the chronic standard. For example, a mean exceedance ratio of 2 denotes that the mean concentration of samples exceeding the standard was 2 times higher than the standard. The toxicity exceedance percentages and ratios for all sites and all monitored years are summarized in Appendix B.

3.2.11 FEDERAL AND STATE SURFACE WATER QUALITY STANDARDS COMPARISON

Currently, there are no federal or state water quality standards for stormwater. The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have established surface water quality standards for only certain water quality parameters. Regardless, CRWD’s stormwater flows into the Mississippi River, so it is useful to compare the stormwater data to surface water quality standards which serve as a benchmark to consider for each pollutant (Table 3-5).

TP and TSS Standards

Because the MPCA has not established stormwater standards for TSS and TP, the data was compared to the TP and TSS values of Lambert’s Landing, a Mississippi River water quality monitoring station downstream of the Wabasha Bridge in St. Paul at river mile 839.1.


Additionally, the TSS values were compared against the South Metro Mississippi Total Suspended Solids TMDL, and the TP values were compared against the Lake Pepin Excess Nutrient TMDL. When comparing CRWD TP and TSS concentrations to water quality standards, flow-weighted average concentrations were used.

Chronic Metals Standards

State water quality standards for chronic exposure to metals are based on a function of hardness as outlined in Minnesota Statute 7050.0222 for Class 2B waters (ORS, 2012). Class 2B waters are waters used for the purpose of aquatic life and recreation that are not protected for drinking water. These standards are set at the lowest concentration of a chemical for which chronic exposure will cause harm to aquatic organisms. In order to make comparisons between CRWD metals data to state standards and other reference locations, calculation of the state standards was completed.

Bacteria Standard

For E. coli bacteria, the MPCA has set the following two provisions as a standard:

1. With greater than five samples taken in a calendar month (April to November), the E. coli concentration geometric mean shall be less than 126 cfu/100mL.

2. No more than ten percent of all samples taken during a calendar month (April to November) shall exceed 1,260 cfu/100mL

CRWD collects a limited number of E. coli samples each month from April to November (two base samples and occasional storm samples), so the MPCA monitoring requirements of the E. coli geometric mean standard of 126 cfu/100mL cannot be typically met. Instead, CRWD compares individual E. coli monitoring results to the maximum value of the standard, 1,260 cfu/100mL. This comparison provides a benchmark only for comparing CRWD bacteria data and does not imply whether or not the full bacteria standard is being met. The MCES lab measures E. coli as the most probable number per 100 milliliters of water (mpn/100mL). Research shows that mpn/100mL is comparable to cfu/100mL (Massa et al., 2001).


Table 3-5: Surface water quality standards for Class 2B waters. Parameter Standarda Units Water Body Source

Cl 230 mg/L Surface Minn. Stat. § 7050.0222

Cd * mg/L Surface Minn. Stat. § 7050.0222

Cr * mg/L Surface Minn. Stat. § 7050.0222

Cu * mg/L Surface Minn. Stat. § 7050.0222

E. coli ≤ 1,260 MPN/100 mL Surface Minn. Stat. § 7050.0222

NH3 0.04 mg/L Surface Minn. Stat. § 7050.0222

Ni * mg/L Surface Minn. Stat. § 7050.0222

Pb * mg/L Surface Minn. Stat. § 7050.0222

TP 0.04 mg/L Surface Minn. Stat. § 7050.0222

TSS 30 mg/L Stream Draft Technical Support

Document (MPCA 2011)b

Zn * mg/L Surface Minn. Stat. § 7050.0222

*The standard is dependent upon water hardness; See Appendix B.

a Standards apply to Class 2B waters in the North Central Hardwood Forest ecoregion. Class 2B waters are designated for aquatic life and recreational use. All standard concentrations apply to chronic exposure.

b In 2011, the MPCA released a Draft Technical Support Document providing support for proposed amendments to Minn. Stat. § 7050 & 7052. Amendments are pending.

3.2.12 MISSISSIPPI RIVER REFERENCE SITE AND TWIN CITIES METRO-AREA TRIBUTARIES COMPARISONS

In addition to comparing CRWD results to state surface water quality standards, CRWD total TP and TSS FWA concentrations were compared to the average TP and TSS concentrations of the Mississippi River at Lambert’s Landing. MCES monitors the Mississippi River at Lambert’s Landing at river mile 839.1, which is downstream from the Wabasha Street Bridge in St. Paul. MCES also monitors the mouths of several tributaries in the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area, including Bassett Creek, Battle Creek, Fish Creek and Minnehaha Creeks. These are all open channels that discharge to the Mississippi River. Total TP and TSS yields for CRWD subwatershed outlet sites (East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, St. Anthony Park, and Trout Brook Outlet) were compared to the yields of these other metro-area tributaries to determine the relative impacts to the Mississippi River.

3.2.13 NATIONAL URBAN STORMWATER QUALITY COMPARISONS

Researchers from the University of Alabama and the Center for Watershed Protection have created an extensive database of stormwater data from urbanized areas by assembling and evaluating stormwater monitoring data from a representative number of National Pollutant


Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) Phase I stormwater permit holders. The goals of the National Stormwater Quality Database (NSQD) are to describe the characteristics of national stormwater quality, to provide guidance for future sampling needs, and to enhance local stormwater management activities in areas having limited data. Over nearly a ten-year period, stormwater quality data from 3,765 storm events and 65 municipalities in 17 states including Minnesota was assembled and entered into the first version of the NSQD (Maestre and Pitt, 2005). The NSQD, Version 1.1 was extensively reviewed for quality assurance and control and statistical analyses were performed to characterize and understand the pollutant data. Although the NSQD, Version 1.1 includes only a small set of data from the midwest and northeast portions of the country, which have similar climatic conditions, it still provides a useful comparison of how polluted stormwater in CRWD is compared to the rest of the country. The database includes stormwater quality data for various land use types. The predominant land uses in CRWD are mixed residential, commercial, and industrial with 42% of the land comprised of impervious surfaces. CRWD’s stormwater quality data was compared to the NSQD’s mixed residential land use category, which has a median impervious percentage of 45%. Table 3-6 presents the NSQD median data values for the mixed-residential land use category.

Table 3-6: NSQD stormwater pollutant median concentrations.

Parameter Median Value

Area (acres) 150.8

% Impervious 44.9

Precipitation Depth (in.) 0.53

Escherichia coli (mpn/100mL) 1,050

Total Suspended Solids (mg/L) 66

Total Phosphorous (mg/L) 0.28

Ammonia (mg/L) 0.39

Nitrate+Nitrite (mg/L) 0.57

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (mg/L) 1.40

Cadmium (mg/L) 0.0009

Chromium (mg/L) 0.0070

Copper (mg/L) 0.0160

Lead (mg/L) 0.0160

Nickel (mg/L) 0.0078

Zinc (mg/L) 0.0950


4 CLIMATOLOGICAL SUMMARY

4.1 PRECIPITATION DATA COLLECTION METHODS

CRWD utilizes climatological data collected by the Minnesota Climatology Working Group (MCWG) at the University of Minnesota-St. Paul and National Weather Service (NWS) at the Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport (MSP) to assist in calculating annual precipitation, runoff, and loading. MCWG records precipitation every fifteen minutes from an automatic rain gauge located approximately two miles west of the CRWD office. The data is reported on a public website (http://climate.umn.edu/). Rainfall totals (15-minute and daily) were recorded by CRWD from the MCWG website. Snow and ice totals were not accurately reported by MCWG, so they were not recorded by CRWD from this source. The MCWG rain gauge was used as CRWD’s primary precipitation monitoring station because of the gauge’s close proximity to the District. The NWS weather station at MSP, located approximately ten miles south of the CRWD office, records many climate variables for each day, including: maximum, minimum, and average temperature; precipitation (including water amount in snow); snowfall; and depth of snowpack. Data is reported on a public website (www.crh.noaa.gov/mpx/Climate/MSPClimate). NWS daily precipitation totals were used if any snow or ice was logged as precipitation. Precipitation amounts as snow-water or ice-water are more accurately measured at this station because of the type of snow measurement device used.

4.2 2013 PRECIPITATION RESULTS

Table 4-1 lists 2013 daily precipitation totals, 2013 monthly precipitation totals, the 30-year monthly normal (1981-2010) (NWS, 2011), and the 2013 departure from historical monthly normals. Monthly totals are compared to the 30-year monthly normals at MSP (Figure 4-1). In 2013, almost all precipitation data from January to April and from November to December was provided by NWS. The May through October precipitation data was provided by MCWG. April, May, and June 2013 were all above average in precipitation with a total of 19.84 inches during these months, equaling 9.57 inches above the 30-year normal for this period. During this time of year, soils are generally saturated, which causes higher runoff volumes from pervious and impervious surfaces. Precipitation in July, August, and September 2013 was a total of 5.60 inches below the 30-year normal for this period. Table 4-2 shows the most intense rain events in 15-minute, 1-, 6-, and 24-hour intervals during 2013. The most intense event occurred on June 21 with 1.13 inches in 15-minutes.


Table 4-1: Daily and monthly precipitation totals for 2013 compared to the NWS 30-year normals.

Day JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC1 0 0.06 0 0 0.35 0.02 0 0 0 0 0 02 0.01 0.03 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.43 0 0.123 0 0.04 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0.05 0 0.084 0 0.06 0.32 0 0.09 0.02 0 0 0 0.35 0.19 0.525 0 0.05 0.41 0.07 0 0.1 0.01 0.55 0 0.02 0.18 06 0 0.04 0 0.11 0 0.01 0 0.3 0 0.09 0.05 07 0 0 0 0.18 0 0 0.01 0.01 0 0 0 08 0 0 0 0.66 0.34 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.079 0 0 0.61 0.48 0.07 0.59 0.78 0 0 0 0 0

10 0.28 0.62 0.01 0.09 0 0 0 0 0.01 0 0 0.0611 0.02 0 0 0.75 0 0.02 0 0 0 0.2 0 012 0 0 0 0.06 0 0.61 0 0 0 0 0 013 0 0.09 0 0.01 0.01 0 1.69 0 0 0 0 0.0214 0 0.09 0.06 0.46 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.59 0 0.0615 0 0 0.19 0 0 1.22 0 0 0.15 0.77 0 016 0.02 0 0 0 0 0.02 0 0 0 0.02 0.07 0.117 0 0 0 0.26 0.21 0 0 0 0.02 0.37 0 018 0.01 0.01 0.23 1.02 0.81 0 0 0 0.13 0.08 0 019 0 0 0 0.12 2.05 0 0 0 0.29 0.08 0 0.0320 0 0 0 0 1.06 0 0 0 0.02 0.12 0 0.0221 0 0 0 0.15 0.06 2.82 0.13 0 0 0 0.01 022 0 0.24 0 0.82 0.07 0.41 0 0 0.01 0.01 0 0.0323 0 0 0 0.02 0 0.42 0 0 0 0.01 0 024 0 0 0 0 0.27 0.06 0 0 0 0 0 0.2325 0 0 0 0 0.04 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0.0226 0 0 0 0.01 0 0.13 0.07 0 0 0 0 0.0127 0.49 0 0 0 0.01 0 0.12 0 0 0 0 028 0 0 0 0.1 0 0.02 0 0 0.2 0 0 029 0.03 0 0 1.07 0.66 0.02 0.67 0 0.03 0 030 0 0.38 0 0.27 0 0.04 0 0 0.11 0 0.0931 0 0 0.36 0.01 0.08 0.01 0 TOTAL

TOTAL 0.86 1.33 2.21 5.37 7.34 7.13 2.98 1.61 1.23 4.34 0.5 1.46 36.36Monthly Normal

0.9 0.77 1.89 2.66 3.36 4.25 4.04 4.3 3.08 2.43 1.77 1.16 30.61

Departure from Normal

-0.04 0.56 0.32 2.71 3.98 2.88 -1.06 -2.69 -1.85 1.91 -1.27 0.30 5.75

Data supplied by MCWGData Supplied by NWS at MSPNo Date


Figure 4-1: 30-year normal and 2013 monthly precipitation totals for CRWD.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC

Prec

ipita

tion

(inch

es)

Month

30-Year Normal MonthlyPrecipitation Totals

CRWD 2013 MonthlyPrecipitation Totals


Figure 4-2: Annual precipitation totals (2005-2013) observed in CRWD by MCWG.

35.9

8

31.6

9

29.7

2

21.6

7

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2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

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Precipitation (inches) NWS 30-Year Normal (1981-2010)


The 2005-2013 CRWD annual precipitation data was compared to the NWS 30-year normal for the Minneapolis-St. Paul region (Table 4-3; Figure 4-2). The NWS 30-year normal is recalculated every 10 years. In 2010, the NWS 30-year normal was recalculated for 1981-2010 to be 30.61 inches (formerly 29.41 inches (1971-2000)). The total amount of precipitation in 2013 was 36.36 inches, which was 5.75 inches above the 30-year normal, and the wettest year since monitoring began in CRWD in 2005.

Table 4-2: Rainfall intensity statistics for 2013 from MCWG rain gauge data.

Table 4-3: CRWD annual precipitation totals and departure from the NWS 30-year normal.

Time Period Date & Event End Time Amount (in)6/21/13 19:15 1.136/15/13 14:45 0.867/9/13 7:30 0.65

6/21/13 19:45 1.596/15/13 15:15 1.175/19/13 15:15 0.945/19/13 17:15 1.776/13/13 6:30 1.69

6/21/13 19:45 1.596/22/13 1:15 2.85

5/20/13 14:15 2.497/13/13 6:30 1.69

Rainfall Intensity

15-minute

1-hour

6-Hour

24-Hour

YearPrecipitation

(inches)aDeparture from

NWS Normal2005 35.98 (+) 5.37" 2006 31.69 (+) 1.08" 2007 29.72 (-) 0.89" 2008 21.67 (-) 8.94" 2009 23.34 (-) 7.27" 2010 36.32 (+) 5.71" 2011 33.62 (+) 3.01" 2012 30.26 (-) 0.35"2013 36.36 (+) 5.75

NWS 30-Year Normal

30.61 --

a Annual precipitation reported by the Minnesota Climatology Working Group (MCWG) and National Weather Service (NWS)


4.3 2013 NOTABLE CLIMATOLOGICAL EVENTS

A sensitivity analysis of the effect of climate (i.e. precipitation variability, rainfall intensity, and seasonality) on runoff, discharge, and pollutant loading trends in CRWD is included in Appendix A. This report was intended to determine how the watershed might respond to changes in climate or seasonal precipitation patterns, including extended drought or high intensity precipitation events. The results of this analysis are detailed in Appendix A. Other notable climate variables are summarized in Table 4-4. The 2013 snowfall total of 68.9 inches measured at MSP was 14.5 in higher than the 30-year normal of 54.5 inches. While the average snowfall amount in May is historically only a trace (MCWG, 2014), MSP recorded 0.5 inches on May 3. The last date with a 1 inch snowpack measured at MSP was April 23 (NWS, 2014a). This was 21 days later than the normal date of April 2 (NWS, 2014b). Ice out on lakes also occurred significantly later in 2013. Historical median ice out dates have not been established for any lakes within CRWD (DNR, 2014b), but the Minnesota DNR has collected historical median ice out dates for many lakes near CRWD, including:

Nokomis (April 4), Powderhorn (April 4), Josephine (April 7), Owasso (April 6), and Phalen (April 5).

The median of the historical median ice out dates for these nearby lakes is April 5. The only lake in CRWD with an ice out date recorded in 2013 was Como Lake (DNR, 2014a). Como Lake’s ice out date was April 23, which was 18 days later than the normal yearly median value of nearby lakes (April 5).

Table 4-4: Summary of 2013 climatological events.

Variable 2013 Average NotesTotal Precipitation (inches) 36.36 30.61 5.75" higher than 30-yr normalTotal Snow (inches) 68.9 54.4 14.5" higher than 30-yr normalLast Significant Snowfall 5/3/2013 - 0.5" N/A Variable - No data on averagesLast date with greater than 1" snowpack 4/23 4/2 21 days later than normalIce Out 4/23 4/5 17 days later than normalLeaf Off 11/14 N/A Later than normal

2013 Climate Summary


Snowmelt is a significant driver of hydrology in late winter and early spring. Daily snowpack depths recorded at MSP were plotted against daily high temperature in Figure 4-3 (NWS, 2014a). A complete melt was observed on January 9 to January 12 (3 inches to 0 inches). There was no snowpack recorded again until January 28. Snowpack reached a maximum depth of 13 inches on March 6. This was brief, however, as it decreased to 6 inches by March 10. Snowpack depth went from 6 inches to 0 inches from March 25 to March 30. Snowpack was not recorded again until April 10. Significant melt events occurred on April 13 to April 17 (4 inches to 0 inches), April 19 to April 22 (7 inches to 0 inches), and April 23 to April 24 (3 inches to 0 inches) (Figure 4-3).


Figure 4-3: Daily temperature highs and snowpack depths from January to April 2013 as observed at MSP.

-10

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1/1 1/8 1/15 1/22 1/29 2/5 2/12 2/19 2/26 3/5 3/12 3/19 3/26 4/2 4/9 4/16 4/23 4/300

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Freezing Point


5 DISTRICT WATER QUALITY SUMMARY

5.1 OVERALL TRENDS AND SITE COMPARISONS

5.1.1 WATER QUANTITY

Total Discharge (cf)

In 2013, the Trout Brook subwatershed exported the greatest amount of water (536,193,654 cf) because it has the largest drainage area in CRWD (8,000 acres) (Figure 5-1; Table 5-6). The 2013 total discharge for all monitored subwatersheds (with the exception of Phalen Creek) were greater than the historical averages of previous monitoring years (2005-2012) (Figure 5-1), largely due to an above average annual precipitation year. It is important to note that 5.28 inches of precipitation occurred during a period of equipment malfunction at Phalen Creek, so the resulting stormflow was not recorded. Thus, the discharge generated from this storm event was not accounted for in the discharge total, which is likely why Phalen Creek was the only site in 2013 that did not have a total discharge greater than its historical average. For the continuously monitored sites (St. Anthony Park, East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, Trout Brook-East Branch, Trout Brook-West Branch, and Trout Brook Outlet), baseflow comprised the majority (52-77%) of the total annual discharge (Figure 5-2; Table 5-6). Stormflow accounted for less of the total annual discharge at the continuously monitored sites since precipitation is episodic and seasonal, whereas baseflow is constant and perennial. Snowmelt runoff in 2013 made up a larger than normal fraction of the total discharge at the continuously monitored sites due to a deep snowpack (68.9 inches) that accumulated during the winter 2012-2013 (Figure 5-2; Table 5-6). Throughout spring 2013, the snowpack melted slowly and diurnally with daily afternoon peaks and was not fully melted until April 23. At the seasonally monitored sites (Como 7 and Sarita), stormflow comprised the entire total annual discharge since these sites do not have baseflow (Figure 5-2; Table 5-6). Villa Park is also seasonally monitored, though it does have some baseflow. However, total discharge at Villa Park in 2013 was primarily driven by stormflow since the baseflow is minimal. Snowmelt events were not recorded at any of the seasonally monitored sites since snowmelt occurred prior to the flow monitoring equipment being installed spring 2013 (Table 3-3). Overall, the seasonally monitored sites record less total annual discharge than the continuously monitored sites since they do not have baseflow and they are monitored for a shorter time period (April to November).

Water Yield (cf/ac)

Water yield was calculated for each monitoring site by dividing the total annual discharge by subwatershed drainage area in order to make site-to-site comparisons possible. From this


calculation, Trout Brook-West Branch recorded the highest annual water yield (144,989 cf/ac) in comparison to all other continuously monitored sites in 2013 (Figure 5-3). Trout Brook-West Branch likely has the highest water yield because it has the most surface water connections in its subwatershed. Overall, all continuously monitored sites in 2013 recorded greater total water yields than historical averages (except for Phalen Creek due to equipment malfunction) (Figure 5-3). For the seasonally monitored sites, Villa Park had the highest annual water yield (22,301 cf/ac), which is likely related to baseflow contributions (unlike Como 7 or Sarita) (Figure 5-3). Sarita had the lowest annual water yield (9,193 cf/ac) of the seasonally monitored sites. The annual water yield at Como 7 (11,164 cf/ac) was similar to its historical average (Figure 5-3). The cumulative water yield plot (Figure 5-4) shows the increasing trends in annual water yield by site are directly related to large precipitation events in 2013. Combined, the large precipitation events on May 18-20 and June 21-23 produced 21% of the total annual precipitation in 2013, which accounted for either the majority or a very large fraction of the annual stormflow yield for all sites. Consequently, a large spike in annual water yield at each site is apparent for both storm events on the cumulative water yield plot (Figure 5-4). Conversely, a dry late-July through September resulted in insignificant increases in water yield during the fall, thus showing a decreased rate of increase on the cumulative yield plot (Figure 5-4). Discharge is the primary driver of pollutant loading. While baseflow discharges show relatively minor fluctuations at the continuously monitored sites, stormflow discharges are episodic and directly related to climate and seasonality. To investigate this further, a sensitivity analysis of the effect of climate (i.e. precipitation variability, rainfall intensity, and seasonality) on stormwater runoff, discharge, and pollutant loading trends in CRWD was conducted (Appendix A). The objective of this report was to determine how the watershed might respond to changes in climate or seasonal precipitation patterns, including extended drought or high intensity precipitation events. The analysis found: (1) cool-season precipitation amounts (i.e. snowpack, snowmelt, and spring rain events) are positively correlated with baseflow volumes and nutrient loading; (2) seasonal rainfall is the most important driver of seasonal and annual stormflow volumes and loads of nutrients, sediment, and chloride; and (3) late season precipitation is important for annual nutrient loads, with wetter fall periods resulting in increased nutrient loading likely from autumn leaf drop. Detailed explanations of the results of this analysis are in Appendix A.


Figure 5-1: Total discharge at CRWD monitoring sites in 2013 compared to historical averages.


Figure 5-2: Baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt discharge totals at CRWD monitoring sites, 2013.

‐

100,000,000

200,000,000

300,000,000

400,000,000

500,000,000

600,000,000

EastKittsondale

Phalen Creek St. AnthonyPark

Trout Brook‐East Branch

Trout Brook‐West Branch

Trout BrookOutlet

Como 7Subwatershed

Sarita Villa Park

Total D

ischarge

(cf)

Site

Snowmelt

Storm

Base

*East Kittsondale, Trout Brook Outlet and Como 7 Illicit Discharges are a small percentage of Total Discharge and are not added to graph** Como 7 and Sarita do not have baseflow


Figure 5-3: Total water yield at CRWD monitoring sites in 2013 compared to historical averages.


Figure 5-4: Cumulative water yields for combined baseflow + stormflow at CRWD sites, 2013.

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Como 7

Combined Stormflow + Baseflow


5.1.2 TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS (TSS)

TSS Loads (lbs)

At the sites with continuous monitoring (Phalen Creek, St. Anthony Park, Trout Brook-East Branch, Trout Brook-West Branch, and Trout Brook Outlet), stormflow was the largest contributor to the total TSS load at all sites (Figure 5-5), even though baseflow accounted for the majority of the total discharge (Figure 5-2). Baseflow generally has lower TSS concentrations because it includes flow contributions from groundwater, surface water, and permitted industrial discharges. In addition, velocity and flow volumes are lower during baseflow periods, so water does not have as much ability to carry solids. Stormwater contains more TSS because it washes off impervious surfaces. Also, sediment is less likely to settle out in water while in transport. In 2013, snowmelt was also a substantial contributor to the total annual TSS loads at the continuously monitored sites, especially in comparison to previous years. Generally, the snowmelt TSS load at the continuously monitored sites accounted for 4-18% of the total annual load. Phalen Creek had the highest percentage (18%; 80,533 lbs) of the total annual TSS load come from snowmelt runoff (Figure 5-5; Table 5-6). Of the continuously monitored sites, Trout Brook Outlet had the largest total annual TSS load (2,164,883 lbs) in 2013, of which 74% of the total load was transported by stormflow (Figure 5-5; Table 5-6). For the seasonally monitored sites, Sarita had the largest total annual TSS load (63,090 lbs), which was all transported by stormflow (Figure 5-5; Table 5-6).

TSS Yields (lbs/ac)

In comparison to all of the continuously monitored sites, the Trout Brook sites produced the highest total annual TSS yields on a per acre basis in 2013 and exceeded their historical average TSS yields (Figure 5-6; Figure 5-7). Trout Brook-West Branch recorded the highest annual TSS yield (713 lbs/ac) and Trout Brook-East Branch produced a TSS yield that was three-times greater than its historical average (Figure 5-6; Figure 5-7; Table 5-6). When normalized by inches of runoff, Trout Brook-East Branch subwatershed had the highest normalized yield (28 lb/ac/in runoff) of any site in 2013 and was more than twice its historical average of 11 lb/ac/in (Figure 5-8). Much of this increase in TSS can be attributed to a large road construction project in the Trout Brook-East Branch subwatershed. For the seasonally monitored sites, the total annual TSS yields in 2013 exceeded the historical averages at Como 7, Sarita, and Villa Park (Figure 5-6). When normalized by runoff, the 2013 total annual TSS yields from Como 7 (19 lbs/ac/in runoff) and Sarita (27 lbs/ac/in runoff) were comparable TSS yields produced by the larger subwatersheds, even though they do not have baseflow and runoff volumes are calculated entirely from stormflow ( Figure 5-8; Table 5-6). The stormflow resulting from the May 18-20 and June 21-23 events produced a significant portion of the TSS yield for all sites in 2013 (Figure 5-9). The trends in yield throughout the year closely follow the trends in stormflow water yield, highlighting the importance of stormflow as a driver of the TSS load in all CRWD subwatersheds.


Figure 5-5: Baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt TSS load totals at CRWD monitoring sites, 2013.

0

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1,200,000

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2,400,000

EastKittsondale




Trout BrookOutlet

Como 7Subwatershed

Sarita Villa Park

TSS Load

(lbs)

Site

Snowmelt

Storm

Base

*East Kittsondale, Trout Brook Outlet and Como 7 Illicit Discharges are a small percentage of TSS Load and are not added to graph** Como 7 and Sarita are sites that do not have any baseflow


Figure 5-6: Total TSS yields at CRWD monitoring sites in 2013 compared to historical averages.


Figure 5-7: Total TSS yields from CRWD subwatersheds, 2013.


Figure 5-8: Total normalized TSS yields at CRWD monitoring sites in 2013 compared to historical averages.


Figure 5-9: Cumulative TSS yields for combined baseflow + stormflow at CRWD sites, 2013.

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Sarita

Como 7



5.1.3 TOTAL PHOSPHORUS (TP)

TP Loads (lbs)

Like the TSS loads, stormflow was the dominant contributor of the total annual TP loads at all continuously monitored sites (Figure 5-10), even though baseflow accounted for the majority of the total discharge (Figure 5-2). Baseflow periods generally have lower TP concentrations because the discharge is driven by groundwater or surface water. In 2013, snowmelt runoff was a significant contributor to the total annual TP loads measured at the continuously monitored sites. At East Kittsondale, the total snowmelt TP load (302 lbs) exceeded total baseflow TP load (113 lbs) and nearly equaled the baseflow contribution at Phalen Creek (426 lbs) and St. Anthony Park (302 lbs) (Figure 5-10; Table 5-6). For the continuously monitored sites, Trout Brook Outlet produced the largest total annual TP load (5,077 lbs) in 2013, of which 54% of the total load was transported by stormflow (Figure 5-10; Table 5-6). For the seasonally monitored sites, Villa Park had the largest total annual TP load (343 lbs), which was also primarily transported by stormflow (73%) (Figure 5-10; Table 5-6).

TP Yields (lbs/ac)

In 2013, Trout Brook-West Branch produced the highest total annual TP yield (1.74 lb/ac) (Figure 5-11; Figure 5-12). Phalen Creek and East Kittsondale also had high annual TP yields (1.03 lbs/ac and 1.01 lbs/ac, respectively) in consideration of their small watershed sizes and high total impervious areas (Figure 5-11; Figure 5-12). The 2013 total annual TP yields from all District monitoring sites (with the exception of Phalen Creek) were higher than the historical averages (Figure 5-11). In particular, the 2013 TP yields from Trout Brook-East Branch, Como 7, Sarita, and Villa Park were significantly greater than their historical averages. Villa Park showed a 44% increase in total annual TP yield from its historical average (Figure 5-11). When normalized by subwatershed area and runoff, the TP yield from East Kittsondale has historically been the highest of all District sites, which has likely been due to the high percentage of total impervious surface area (46%) and the absence of storage in this subwatershed. In 2013, however, Trout Brook-East Branch produced the highest normalized TP yield (0.06 lb/ac/in runoff) of all the continuously monitored sites (Figure 5-13). Large road construction projects within the Trout Brook-East Branch subwatershed are likely the cause of some TP yield increases in comparison to the historical average. The normalized TP yields were close to the historical average for East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, St. Anthony Park, Trout Brook-West Branch, and Trout Brook Outlet (Figure 5-13). For the seasonally monitored sites, Sarita had the highest normalized TP yield (0.08 lbs/ac/in runoff) (Figure 5-13; Table 5-6). A significant portion of the TP yield for all sites in 2013 was produced by the large storm events on May 18-20 and June 21-23 (Figure 5-14). Following July 2013, a decrease in monthly precipitation resulted in a relatively slow increase in TP yield from late July through September.


0

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2,000

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EastKittsondale




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Como 7Subwatershed

Sarita Villa Park

TP Loa

d (lb

s)

Site

Snowmelt

Storm

Base

*East Kittsondale, Trout Brook Outlet and Como 7 Illicit Discharges are a small percentage of TP Load and are not added to graph** Como 7 and Sarita are sites that do not have any baseflow

Figure 5-1: Baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt TP load totals at CRWD monitoring sites, 2013.


Figure 5-11: Total TP yields at CRWD monitoring sites in 2013 compared to historical averages.


Figure 5-12: Total TP yields from CRWD subwatersheds, 2013.


Figure 5-13: Total normalized TP yields at CRWD monitoring sites in 2013 compared to historical averages.


Figure 5-14: Cumulative TP yields for combined baseflow + stormflow at CRWD sites, 2013

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Sarita

Como 7



5.1.4 TOTAL NITROGEN (TN)

The stormflow yield trends for total nitrogen at all sites in 2013 closely followed the trends in TP yield. The May 18-20 and June 21-23 precipitation events produced the majority of the stormflow TN yield for all sites (Figure 5-15).The Trout Brook-West Branch and East Kittsondale yields, in particular, increased substantially in coincidence with the large storm events. At all sites, over half of the TN loading had occurred by late June. This is a significant deviation from the average seasonal loading trends which are more evenly distributed throughout the year. This is most likely due to the rainfall distribution in 2013.

Figure 5-15: Cumulative TN yields for combined baseflow + stormflow at CRWD sites, 2013.

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Sarita

Como 7



5.1.5 CHLORIDE (CL-)

For sites with perennial baseflow, the baseflow Cl- yield historically makes up the large majority of the total annual Cl- yield, though trends in loading throughout the year are strongly related to seasonality (Figure 5-16). Cl- yields tend to peak during spring months when snowmelt carrying road salt from winter de-icing activities becomes runoff. In 2013, sites with baseflow showed a significant increase in Cl- yield from March to May coinciding with a long period over which the snowpack melted in 2013. Trout Brook-East Branch and Phalen Creek had the highest yield of Cl- in 2013 (Figure 5-16). Both Trout Brook-East Branch and Phalen Creek receive runoff from major interstate highways (I-35E and I-94, respectively), which may explain their high Cl- yields during spring snowmelt periods. Conversely, St. Anthony Park had the lowest loading rate. This is most likely due to stormwater storage and/or infiltration basins located within the subwatershed that store some of the Cl-.

Figure 5-16: Cumulative Cl- yields for combined baseflow + stormflow (with snowmelt) at CRWD sites, 2013.

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Combined Stormflow + Baseflow (With Snowmelt)


5.1.6 METALS

The MPCA surface water standards for metals toxicity are a function of the water hardness of a sample; therefore, the standard is not a set value and is instead based on the water hardness measured at an individual monitoring site. Appendix B lists the equations used to calculate metal standards for cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc at each monitoring site as a function of measured water hardness levels. A table of the calculated standards for each individual site for all metals is also listed in Appendix B (Table B-1). Average annual toxicity of metals for each individual site were calculated for baseflow, snowmelt, stormflow, and total flow and compared to the MPCA standards. Additionally, percent exceedances and exceedance ratios were calculated for copper, lead, and zinc for storm events and summarized in Table B-2 of Appendix B. Over the period of record, copper toxicity at all sites exceeded the standard in 75%--99% of the stormflow samples, with the exception of Villa Park which only exceeded the standard 1% of the time. Over the period of record, lead toxicity at all sites exceed the standard in 83%--99% of the stormflow samples, with the exception of Villa Park which only exceeded the standard 11% of the time. Over the period of record, zinc toxicity at all sites exceed the standard in 20%--99% of the stormflow samples, with the exception of Villa Park which only exceeded the standard at no time during the period of record. Average baseflow metal toxicity never exceeded the MPCA toxicity standard at any site in 2013 for any of the 6 metals analyzed (Table 5-1). Toxicity exceedances are more common during storm conditions than baseflow due to the differences in hardness between the two flow conditions. The average storm toxicity in 2013 exceeded the MPCA toxicity standards for lead at all sites (except Como 7 and Villa Park) and copper at all sites (except Villa Park). Average stormflow toxicity of zinc exceeded the standard at East Kittsondale, St. Anthony Park and Como 7. For all sites, average toxicity of cadmium, chromium, and nickel for all flow types (base, snowmelt, storm, and yearly) did not exceed the MPCA toxicity standards in 2013.


Table 5-1: Metals toxicity and chronic toxicity standard exceedances at CRWD monitoring sites, 2013.

Parameter AverageLambert's Landing

East Kittsondale

Phalen Creek

St. Anthony

Park

Trout Brook -

East Branch

Trout Brook - West

Branch

Trout Brook Outlet Como 7 Sarita Villa Park

Base 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 -- -- 0.0002Illicit Discharge 0.0002 -- -- -- -- -- 0.0002 --Snowmelt 0.0002 0.0002 0.0005 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002Storm 0.0002 0.0002 0.0003 0.0002 0.0002 0.0003 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002Yearly 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0003 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002Base 0.0006 0.0006 0.0017 0.0008 0.0010 0.0008 -- -- 0.0006Illicit Discharge 0.0015 -- -- -- -- -- 0.0005 -- --Snowmelt 0.0028 0.0031 0.0044 0.0022 0.0019 0.0026 0.0035 0.0038 0.0007Storm 0.0064 0.0044 0.0054 0.0070 0.0059 0.0091 0.0047 0.0034 0.0013Yearly 0.0008 0.0039 0.0029 0.0031 0.0037 0.0033 0.0047 0.0036 0.0034 0.0009Base 0.0031 0.0009 0.0064 0.0026 0.0042 0.0024 -- -- 0.0015Illicit Discharge 0.0045 -- -- -- -- -- 0.0050 -- --Snowmelt 0.0168 0.0077 0.0105 0.0058 0.0045 0.0058 0.0080 0.0087 0.0023Storm 0.0221 0.0123 0.0166 0.0162 0.0162 0.0216 0.0134 0.0085 0.0030Yearly 0.0017 0.0140 0.0078 0.0100 0.0090 0.0099 0.0113 0.0104 0.0085 0.0021Base 0.0006 0.0011 0.0019 0.0022 0.0022 0.0012 -- -- 0.0022Illicit Discharge 0.0033 -- -- -- -- -- 0.0004 -- --Snowmelt 0.0030 0.0076 0.0103 0.0022 0.0030 0.0057 0.0058 0.0081 0.0017Storm 0.0209 0.0178 0.0158 0.0142 0.0146 0.0292 0.0164 0.0097 0.0044Yearly 0.0006 0.0119 0.0112 0.0070 0.0076 0.0081 0.0143 0.0107 0.0095 0.0030Base 0.0018 0.0008 0.0175 0.0025 0.0013 0.0014 -- -- 0.0015Illicit Discharge 0.0020 -- -- -- -- -- 0.0003 -- --Snowmelt 0.0025 0.0019 0.0124 0.0023 0.0016 0.0020 0.0021 0.0045 0.0013Storm 0.0041 0.0032 0.0075 0.0049 0.0053 0.0083 0.0042 0.0033 0.0017Yearly 0.0020 0.0031 0.0022 0.0139 0.0036 0.0032 0.0046 0.0030 0.0034 0.0016Base 0.0124 0.0110 0.0207 0.0157 0.0146 0.0115 -- -- 0.0144Illicit Discharge 0.0200 -- -- -- -- -- 0.0091 -- --Snowmelt 0.0335 0.0360 0.0441 0.0211 0.0197 0.0242 0.0425 0.0490 0.0109Storm 0.1107 0.0684 0.0868 0.0721 0.0701 0.0751 0.0772 0.0472 0.0202Yearly 0.0096 0.0675 0.0459 0.0438 0.0417 0.0410 0.0413 0.0558 0.0474 0.0165

Site exceeded the MPCA chronic standard for surface w aters

-- No data available

See Appendix B for metals standards.

Nickel

Zinc

Cadmium

Chromium

Copper

Lead


5.1.7 BACTERIA

E. coli samples were collected during baseflow, snowmelt, stormflow, and illicit discharge periods. For baseflow periods, E. coli concentrations at most monitoring sites did not exceed the MPCA surface water maximum numeric standard of 1,260 cfu/100mL, with the exception of a few sites on isolated occurrences (East Kittsondale, Trout Brook-West Branch, Trout Brook Outlet, and Villa Park) (). During stormflow events, the majority of samples for all sites exceeded the MPCA maximum numeric standard of 1,260 cfu/100mL for bacteria (Table 5-3). Three samples out of a total of 25 samples at the nine monitoring sites were less than the maximum standard for E. coli bacteria. The maximum concentration at a subwatershed outlet occurred at St. Anthony Park on September 18th with a concentration of 125,900 cfu/100mL (Table 5-3) and the maximum concentration collected from any site occurred at Sarita on May 1 with a concentration of 1,553,100 cfu/100ml.


Table 5-3: Stormflow grab sample E. coli concentrations at CRWD monitoring sites, 2013.

East Kittsondale

Phalen Creek

St. Anthony Park

Trout Brook-East

Branch

Trout Brook-West

Branch

Trout Brook Outlet

Villa Park

02/21/2013 1 12 8 147 166 88 1903/06/2013 33 6 210 56 488 276 17905/16/2013 7 50 16 9 866 291 12106/03/2013 276 21 60 291 387 248 806/19/2013 236 272 55 866 260 186 48807/02/2013 2,000 -- -- 921 161 201 3,10007/16/2013 225 160 170 649 260 219 8807/29/2013 50 291 27 179 1 219 12008/12/2013 179 99 64 517 770 548 12508/26/2013 2 1046 47 308 548 225 9,80009/10/2013 727 727 46 308 770 1,733 17,50009/24/2013 214 411 115 236 649 387 41110/09/2013 192 126 157 88 345 687 16110/23/2013 16 29 152 36 649 219 4611/07/2013 48 48 85 133 49 101 17212/12/2013 1,733 4 16 17 8,600 1,120 25

Value exceeds MPCA maximum numeric standard (1,260 cfu/100mL).

-- No sample collected

Base Grab Sample Date

Site

East Kittsondale

Phalen Creek

St. Anthony Park

Trout Brook-East

Branch

Trout Brook-West

Branch

Trout Brook Outlet

Villa Park Como 7 Sarita

05/01/2013 11,000 649 6,300 1,414 2 45 2,420 1,733 1,553,10007/09/2013 14,800 20,100 26,500 122,300 18,700 53,700 15,800 33,600 73,30009/18/2013 6,300 4,100 125,900 2,420 16,000 29,500 1,733 -- --

Value exceeds MPCA maximum numeric standard (1,260 cfu/100mL).

-- No sample collected

Storm Grab Sample Date

Site

Table 5-2: Baseflow grab sample E. coli concentrations at CRWD monitoring sites, 2013.


5.2 COMPARISON OF CRWD DATA TO METRO TRIBUTARIES

When comparing discharge from CRWD outlets to other metro-area tributaries, it should be noted that the entire CRWD watershed is highly urbanized with water flowing in pipes instead of natural channels. In many of the other tributaries’ watersheds, discharge primarily flows in natural channels. Storm sewers operate differently than natural streams. When water velocity decreases, sediments settle out of the water column. In natural streams, this occurs when the stream meanders, flows through a vegetated area, gets wider, or reaches a relatively flat stretch. Storm sewers are designed to maintain velocity in the pipe; pipes have a set diameter, do not meander, and can change elevation quickly. In natural streams, nutrients are taken up by vegetation and algae, but there is no vegetation in storm sewers. As a result, most of the sediment and nutrients washed into storm sewers remain in the water column until the pipe reaches a body of water. Sediments and nutrients from streets and sidewalks are washed directly into the storm sewer and carried to the river. Compared to the yields of four other metro-area tributaries, all four of CRWD’s major subwatershed outlet sites (East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, St. Anthony Park, and Trout Brook Outlet) produced a greater TSS yield per acre and a greater TP yield per acre (Figure 5-17 and Figure 5-19). Average nitrate concentrations did not exceed the Mississippi River (Lamberts Landing) concentrations at any of CRWD’s subwatershed outlet sites (Table 5-4). The average concentration of nitrite at Phalen Creek was also lower than the Mississippi river concentration. However, CRWD concentrations for all other nutrient and metal parameters exceeded Mississippi River concentrations. Average concentrations of TSS from all CRWD monitoring sites in 2013 exceeded the South Metro Mississippi River TSS TMDL goal of 32 mg/L. All but Phalen Creek and Villa Park exceeded Lamberts Landing concentrations (Figure 5-18). Additionally, all CRWD sites exceeded the Lake Pepin TMDL TP concentration goal of 0.10 mg/L. All sites except St. Anthony Park and Trout Brook Outlet exceeded average TP concentrations in the Mississippi River at Lamberts Landing (Figure 5-20).


Figure 5-17: TSS yields from CRWD subwatersheds compared to Twin Cities metro-area tributaries, 2013.

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* Water quality data for Twin Cities metro tributaries were collected by Metropolitan Council (MCES, 2013). Lines represent historical average annual TSS yields in lb/ac from 2005-2012.


Figure 5-18: Average 2013 flow-weighted TSS concentrations from CRWD subwatersheds compared to Lamberts Landing and the South Metro Mississippi River TSS TMDL target concentration.


Figure 5-19: TP yields from CRWD subwatersheds compared to Twin Cities metro-area tributaries, 2013.

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* Water quality data for Twin Cities metro tributaries were collected by Metropolitan Council (MCES, 2013). Lines represent historical average annual TP yields in lb/ac from 2005-2012


Figure 5-2: Average 2013 flow-weighted TP concentrations from CRWD subwatersheds compared to Lamberts Landing and the Lake Pepin Excess Nutrient TMDL target TP concentration.


Table 5-4: Pollutant standards and average concentrations at CRWD sites and the Mississippi River at Lamberts Landing, 2013.

5.3 COMPARISON OF CRWD STORMWATER DATA AND NSQD DATA

Table 5-5 compares 2013 stormwater pollutant median concentrations from CRWD and the National Stormwater Quality Database (NSQD). Compared to other urbanized areas in the country, CRWD 2013 stormwater median concentrations for TSS, TP, TKN and E. coli at the majority of sites exceeded NSQD median concentrations for mixed-residential areas. The NSQD median ammonia concentration was only exceeded at Villa Park. CRWD Nitrate+Nitrite median concentrations at all sites were below the NSQD median concentration of 0.39 mg/L. CRWD median metal concentrations only exceeded NSQD values at East Kittsondale and Trout Brook Outlet. East Kittsondale concentrations of copper lead and zinc and Trout Brook Outlet concentrations of chromium, copper, and lead were higher than NSQD data. None of the CRWD monitoring sites exceeded the NSQD value for nickel or cadmium.

Metropolitan Council Site

Standard (mg/L)

Lamberts Landing

East Kittsondale

Phalen Creek

St. Anthony

Park

Trout Brook Outlet

TPa 0.13 0.13 0.21 0.20 0.14 0.30

TSSa 14 37 102 105 102 177

Ammoniab 0.04 0.07 0.15 0.07 0.17 0.16

TKNc N/A 1.11 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.7

Nitratec N/A 1.65 1.03 1.51 0.83 0.62

Nitritec N/A 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.05

Cadmium * 0.00020 0.00022 0.00021 0.00028 0.00023

Chromium * 0.00080 0.00388 0.00291 0.00309 0.00469

Copper * 0.00170 0.01400 0.00779 0.01000 0.01133

Lead * 0.00057 0.01194 0.01120 0.00699 0.01428

Nickel * 0.00202 0.00313 0.00224 0.01390 0.00457

Zinc * 0.00960 0.06746 0.04586 0.04375 0.04127Chlorided

230 30 181 85 158 107

* The standard is dependent on w ater hardness; See Appendix B

a There are no numeric standards for TP and TSS. These values are NCHF ecoregion averages from minimally

impacted streams.

b Ammonia standard is based on un-ionized ammonia, w hich varies and is dependent on temperature and pH

c There is no nitrate, nitrite, or TKN standard for surface w ater.

d Chloride standards are from the MPCA.

All numbers are in mg/L.

Red Exceed/equal Lambert's Landing concentrations and the standard

Yellow Exceed/equal Lambert's Landing concentrations, but not the standard

2013 CRWD Monitoring Sites

Key


Table 5-5: CRWD 2013 median stormflow concentrations compared to NSQD median concentrations.

NSQD - Mixed

Residential

East Kittsondale

Phalen Creek

St. Anthony Park

Trout Brook - East Branch

Trout Brook - West Branch

Trout Brook Outlet

Como 7 Sarita Villa Park

151 1,116 1,433 3,418 932 2,379 5,028 793 929 75345 46 50 48 -- -- 40 -- -- --

1,050 11,000 4,100 26,500 2,420 16,000 29,500 17,667 813,200 2,42066 152 131 88 336 214 214 227 50 49

0.280 0.320 0.333 0.207 0.542 0.416 0.444 0.434 0.288 0.2850.39 0.17 0.06 0.16 0.10 0.09 0.07 0.23 0.16 0.550.57 0.34 0.38 0.34 0.29 0.38 0.45 0.31 0.28 0.161.40 2.00 1.55 1.30 2.35 2.15 2.20 2.15 1.65 2.20

0.0009 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.00020.0070 0.0069 0.0050 0.0053 0.0063 0.0060 0.0084 0.0047 0.0024 0.00090.0160 0.0228 0.0141 0.0128 0.0156 0.0147 0.0183 0.0130 0.0073 0.00270.0160 0.0201 0.0157 0.0113 0.0139 0.0136 0.0208 0.0143 0.0066 0.00270.0078 0.0041 0.0034 0.0057 0.0047 0.0052 0.0065 0.0041 0.0024 0.00150.0950 0.1220 0.0775 0.0675 0.0721 0.0626 0.0673 0.0815 0.0438 0.0187

Value Exceeds NSQD Value


Total Phosphorous (mg/L)

Area (acre)

Parameters

% ImperviousEscherichia coli (mpn/100mL)Total Suspended Solids (mg/L)

Lead (mg/L)Nickel (mg/L)Zinc (mg/L)

Ammonia (mg/L)Nitrate+Nitrite (mg/L)Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (mg/L)Cadmium (mg/L)Chromium (mg/L)Copper (mg/L)


East Kittsondale Phalen Creek

St. Anthony Park

Trout Brook-East Branch

Trout Brook-West Branch

Trout Brook Outlet

Como 7 Subwatershed Sarita Villa Park

Subwatershed Area (acres) 1,116 1,433 3,418 932 2,379 5,028 793 929 753

Total Rainfall (inches) 36.36 31.20 34.00 36.36 36.36 36.36 24.70 24.70 26.00

Number of Monitoring Days 365 342 351 365 365 365 194 193 197

Number of Storm Sampling Events 22 18 8 15 17 19 11 16 13

Number of Storm Intervals 40 43 30 32 30 30 62 32 21

Number of Snowmelt Sampling Events 1 1 2 2 1 2 0 0 0

Number of Snowmelt Intervals 37 17 24 12 11 11 0 0 0

Number of Illicit Discharge Sampling Events 3 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0

Number of Illicit Discharge Intervals 14 0 0 0 0 1 100 0 0

Number of Base Sampling Events 15 15 15 16 16 16 0 0 12

Number of Baseflow Intervals 84 56 45 42 39 38 0 0 19

Total Discharge (Cubic Feet) 72,017,156 147,100,294 139,036,000 49,693,121 344,928,332 536,193,654 8,853,099 8,540,386 16,792,317

Storm Flow Subtotal (Cubic Feet) 32,265,441 32,392,177 30,798,646 16,230,742 82,367,885 91,385,535 8,660,745 8,540,386 12,633,927

Snowmelt Subtotal (Cubic Feet) 14,504,314 15,527,373 18,726,594 7,466,757 30,734,929 33,744,420 0 0 0

Illicit Discharge Subtotal (Cubic Feet) 133,811 0 0 0 0 0 192,354 0 0

Baseflow Subtotal (Cubic Feet) 25,113,590 99,180,744 89,510,760 25,995,622 231,825,518 411,063,699 0 0 4,158,390

Water Yield (cf/ac) 64,532 102,652 40,678 53,319 144,989 106,642 11,164 9,193 22,301

Storm Water Yield (cf/ac) 28,912 22,604 9,011 17,415 34,623 18,175 10,921 9,193 16,778

Snowmelt Water Yield (cf/ac) 12,997 10,836 5,479 8,012 12,919 6,711 0 0 0

Illicit Discharge Yield (cf/ac) 120 0 0 0 0 0 243 0 0

Baseflow Water Yield (cf/ac) 22,503 69,212 26,188 27,892 97,447 81,755 0 0 5,522

Average TSS Concentration (mg/L) 102 105 102 245 200 177 70 78 38

Total FWA TSS (mg/L) 91 49 93 123 79 65 84 118 50

Storm FWA TSS (mg/L) 184 165 284 332 252 282 95 118 59

Snowmelt FWA TSS (mg/L) 22 83 117 32 61 87 0 0 0

Illicit Discharge FWA TSS (mg/L) 25 0 0 0 0 39 8 0 0

Base FWA TSS (mg/L) 11 5 22 18 20 15 0 0 25

Total TSS Load (lbs) 408,699 448,171 804,368 380,532 1,697,347 2,164,883 46,640 63,090 52,906

Storm TSS Load (lbs) 371,464 334,441 546,783 336,596 1,296,088 1,608,203 46,545 63,090 46,308

Snowmelt TSS Load (lbs) 19,920 80,533 136,847 14,872 117,907 182,492 0 0 0

Illicit Discharge TSS Load (lbs) 209 0 0 0 0 0 95 0 0

Baseflow TSS Load (lbs) 17,106 33,197 120,738 29,064 283,352 328,524 0 0 6,599

Total TSS Yield (lb/ac) 366 313 239 408 713 431 59 68 70

Normalized Total TSS Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) 21 11 21 28 18 15 19 27 11

Average TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.21 0.20 0.14 0.32 0.29 0.30 0.54 0.32 0.41

Total FWA TP (mg/L) 0.25 0.16 0.15 0.26 0.19 0.15 0.29 0.36 0.33

Storm FWA TP (mg/L) 0.35 0.33 0.30 0.47 0.42 0.48 0.29 0.36 0.32

Snowmelt FWA TP (mg/L) 0.33 0.44 0.26 0.29 0.25 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00

Illicit Discharge FWA TP (mg/L) 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.16 1.04 0.00 0.00

Base FWA TP (mg/L) 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.12 0.10 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.35

Total TP Load (lbs) 1,125 1,483 1,301 804 4,134 5,077 159 190 343

Storm TP Load (lbs) 710 672 571 480 2,159 2,762 146 190 251

Snowmelt TP Load (lbs) 302 426 302 136 478 661 0 0 0

Illicit Discharge TP Load (lbs) 1 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 0

Base TP Load (lbs) 113 385 443 188 1,497 1,655 0 0 92

Total TP Yield (lb/ac) 1.01 1.03 0.39 0.86 1.74 1.01 0.20 0.20 0.46Normalized Total TP Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.07 0.08 0.07

NA= Not available, these sites w ere not monitored or sampled for Illicit Dischargesa. Como 7 values represent total amounts exported from the subw atershed, and include combined data from the Como 7 and Golf Course Pond monitoring sites.

Table 5-6: Annual monitoring results summary for CRWD sites, 2013.

Como 7


6 COMO 7 SUBWATERSHED RESULTS

6.1 DESCRIPTION

The Como 7 subwatershed includes portions of the cities of St. Paul, Roseville, and Falcon Heights. Como 7 is one of eight minor subwatersheds within the Como Lake subwatershed and is located west of Como Lake. North of Como 7 is Como 8 subwatershed, which drains to Gottfried’s Pit, a stormwater retention pond. When the water level in Gottfried’s Pit reaches a specific level, a lift station pumps the water via storm sewer to the Como Golf Course Pond (part of the Como 7 subwatershed) before being discharged to Como Lake. CRWD monitors the Como 7 subwatershed to determine the aggregated or combined improvements to water quality based on the BMPs constructed as part of the Arlington-Pascal Stormwater Improvement Project. Started in 2005, the project included four stormwater BMP types: 1) eight infiltration trenches, 2) eight raingardens, 3) an underground infiltration and storage facility (Arlington-Hamline Underground Storage Facility), and 4) a stormwater pond at the Como Golf Course. These BMPs treat and infiltrate stormwater runoff, minimize localized flooding and reduce stormwater volumes in the storm sewer system. Three of the four BMPs (the Arlington-Hamline Underground Stormwater Storage Facility, eight in-street infiltration trenches and eight neighborhood raingardens), became operational in 2006 and 2007. The last BMP of the project, a storage and retention pond on the Como Park Golf Course (Como Golf Course Pond) became operational in October 2007.

Figure 6-1: The Como 7 monitoring station (left) and the Como Golf Course Pond Outlet (right).

Como 7


Figure 6-2: Map of the Como 7 subwatershed and monitoring locations.

Como 7


6.2 2013 MONITORING SUMMARY

Prior to the Como Golf Course Pond becoming operational in October 2007, all flow from the Como 7 subwatershed to Como Lake passed through the Como 7 monitoring site. The Como 7 subwatershed results after October 2007 are the sum of the discharge and pollutant load data from two monitoring sites, Como 7 and the outlet of the Como Golf Course Pond. The Como 7 subwatershed has been monitored for flow and water quality since 2005, with the exception of 2006. Because the subwatershed does not have sustained yearly flow, it is generally monitored from early April to mid-November. In 2012, the Como Golf Course Pond was retrofitted to increase storage capacity and drainage from the surrounding fairways, and a new vegetative buffer was planted around the perimeter of the pond. During construction, the normal stormwater inflow to the pond was diverted entirely to Como 7 and therefore did not receive any pre-treatment by the pond. The 2013 Como 7 monitoring data from May 3 to June 25 includes all stormflow diverted from the Como Golf Course Pond in addition to the stormflow that would normally pass through the Como 7 monitoring site. After June 25, the pond was put back into service and flow was no longer diverted from the pond. On June 21, 2013, a large storm event dislodged the sensor from the storm sewer pipe. As a result, a portion of the data from the June 21 storm and all subsequent small events through June 28 were lost. The Como 7 monitoring site in 2013 recorded a regular (nearly daily) suspected illicit discharge into the storm sewer. The intervals are detailed in Table 6-3. The discharge represented approximately 2% of the monitored flow, 8% of the TP load and less than 0.5% of the TSS load for the subwatershed.

6.2.1 DISCHARGE

The 2013 discharge from the Como 7 subwatershed (8,853,099 cf) was the lowest discharge recorded since 2009 (Figure 6-3; Table 6-1). Three major factors may explain this observation. First, the rainfall total for the period in which equipment was installed in 2013 is also the lowest since 2009. Because all flow, with the exception of illicit discharges, is generated as a result of rainfall runoff (Como 7 does not have baseflow), it is expected that discharge and rainfall amount would be directly related. Second, the capacity of the Como Golf Course Pond was increased and the pond level was relatively low at the time the pond was brought back on line which may have served to buffer some of the discharge from the pond and its contribution to subwatershed flow. Third, Figure 6-4 shows that the water yield from the subwatershed in 2013 dropped below the historical average in late July, and stayed low through a drier than normal August and September. The amount of discharge from suspected illicit connections (192,354 cf) is fairly consistent year-to-year since the discharges were first identified in 2008. The Illicit discharges represent a small fraction (2%) of the total discharge each year (Figure 6-3; Table 6-1).

Como 7


Figure 6-3: Historical total monitored discharge volumes at Como 7 subwatershed for stormflow and illicit discharges from 2005-2013.

Figure 6-4: Historical and 2013 cumulative stormflow water yield from Como 7 subwatershed.

0

2,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

10,000,000

12,000,000

14,000,000

16,000,000

18,000,000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Dis

char

ge

(cf)

Year

Illicit Discharge

Storm

Como 7


6.2.2 LOAD AND CONCENTRATION

Total Suspended Solids (TSS)

The 2013 TSS load (46,640 lbs) was one of the highest since the Como Golf Course Pond became fully operational for the 2008 monitoring season despite lower overall stormflow (Figure 6-5; Table 6-1). The majority of the precipitation in 2013 occurred during the period that flow was diverted away from the Como Golf Course Pond. As a result, that portion of the stormwater flow was not able to settle and drop its sediment load in the pond as it would have been able to in previous years. Figure 6-7 shows a clear drop in the rate of sediment yield accumulation after late June once flow was allowed to re-enter the Golf Course Pond. Figure 6-6 shows that monthly stormflow TSS concentrations in June and July 2013 were significantly higher than the historical average. The July concentration of 794 mg/L, in particular, was far above the average of 133 mg/L). Only two samples were taken in July 2013, one of which was considered an extreme outlier on the high end while the other was lower than the historical average for the month. While neither of these samples is likely representative of the average for the month, the data is presented here as-is.

Figure 6-5: Historical total monitored TSS loads at Como 7 subwatershed for stormflow and illicit discharges from 2005-2013.

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

TS

S L

oad

(lb

s)

Year

Illicit Discharge

Storm

Como 7


Figure 6-6: Monthly average storm sample TSS concentrations in 2013 for Como 7 subwatershed and historical averages (2008-2012).

Figure 6-7: Historical and 2013 cumulative stormflow TSS yield from Como 7 subwatershed.

n=

6

n=

9

n=28

n=28

n=29

n=24

n=11

n=18

n=

2

n=

2

n=

5

n=

2

n=

2

n=

5

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

TS

S C

on

cen

trat

ion

(m

g/L

)

Month

Historical Average (2008-2012)

2013

Como 7


Total Phosphorus (TP)

The 2013 TP load (159 lbs) was lower than the past three monitored years despite one of the highest total TSS loads recorded (Figure 6-8; Table 6-1). The monthly TP concentration data (Figure 6-9) shows that, with the exception of June, the 2013 concentrations were lower than the historical average. The concentrations for July through October, following the Como Golf Course Pond retrofits, were significantly lower than the average, suggesting some improved treatment from the pond after retrofitting.

Figure 6-10 shows that the trends in TP yield throughout 2013 closely followed the trends in water yield (Figure 6-4) more than any other parameter. A decline in TP yield rate began in July accompanying a decline in water yield rate. Future monitoring is needed to determine if TP concentrations and yield will continue to be reduced following pond retrofits.

Figure 6-8: Historical total monitored TP loads at Como 7 subwatershed for stormflow and illicit discharges from 2005-2013.

0

50

100

150

200

250

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

TP

Lo

ad (

lbs)

Year

Illicit Discharge

Storm

Como 7


Figure 6-9: Monthly average storm sample TP concentrations in 2013 for Como 7 subwatershed and historical averages (2008-2012).

Figure 6-10: Historical and 2013 cumulative stormflow TP yield from Como 7 subwatershed.

Como 7


Total Nitrogen (TN)

Total nitrogen yield from the Como 7 subwatershed is historically constant throughout the monitoring year (Figure 6-11). The 2013 TN yield closely followed the trend in water yield. A greater than average increase in 2013 occurred may through mid-July, and lower than average yields accompanied the dry period August through September. Overall, the TN yield was slightly less than the historical average.

Chloride (Cl-)

Unlike sites that experience year-round baseflow, the chloride yield in the Como 7 subwatershed is entirely a result of snowmelt and stormflow. No clear seasonal trends are apparent in the historical yield data for the subwatershed (Figure 6-12). The 2013 yield was significantly less than the historical average, and may be a result of lower overall stormflow. Although the total yield was less than the average, the mid-May to mid-June rate of increase was very similar to the historical trend.

Figure 6-11: Historical and 2013 cumulative stormflow TN yield from Como 7 subwatershed.

Como 7


Figure 6-12: Historical and 2013 cumulative stormflow Cl- yield from Como 7 subwatershed.

Como 7


Table 6-1: Como 7 subwatershed monitoring results for 2005-2013.

2005 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013Subwatershed Area (ac) 793 793 793 793 793 793 793 793Total Rainfall (inches) 28.96 24.16 17.40 18.82 30.92 28.90 26.02 24.70Number of Monitoring Days 195 222 204 217 206 205 222 194Number of Storm Sampling Events 15 22 15 33 23 6 38 11Number of Storm Intervals 22 40 34 50 55 37 55 62Illicit Discharge Sampling Events 3 3 4 12 3 0 6 2Number of Illicit Discharge Intervals 36 41 1 150 92 43 140 100Total Discharge (cf) 6,830,745 6,999,688 5,228,923 8,050,350 15,626,233 14,918,644 11,682,085 8,853,099Storm Flow Subtotal (cf) 2,855,384 2,541,171 4,961,542 7,767,386 15,242,041 14,746,403 11,524,712 5,905,003Illicit Discharge Flow Subtotal (cf) NA NA 267,381 282,963 384,191 172,241 157,373 192,354Average TSS Concentration (mg/L) 219 154 233 133 118 165 77 70Total FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) 134 93 65 46 35 56 34 84Storm FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) 29 162 66 47 33 56 34 95Illicit Discharge FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) 134 54 46 21 88 2 18 8Total TSS Loading (lbs) 57,123 40,727 21,247 23,198 33,902 51,943 24,898 46,640Storm TSS Loading (lbs) 49,982 25,697 20,479 22,833 31,780 51,921 24,719 35,191Illicit Discharge TSS Loading (lbs) 7,142 15,030 768 364 2,122 21 179 95Total TSS Yield (lb/ac) 72 51 27 29 43 66 31 59Normalized Total TSS Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) 30 21 15 10 8 13 8 19Average TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.30 0.33 0.43 0.36 0.28 0.30 0.40 0.54Total FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.29 0.24 0.28 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.29 0.29Storm FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.31 0.30 0.27 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.28 0.29Illicit Discharge FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.27 0.21 0.60 0.23 0.19 0.05 0.52 1.04Total TP Loading (lbs) 123 104 92 103 204 203 209 159Storm TP Loading (lbs) 56 47 82 99 200 203 204 109Illicit Discharge TP Loading (lbs) 67 57 10 4 5 0.6 5 13Total TP Yield (lb/ac) 0.15 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.20Normalized Total TP Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.07

Notes: Como 7 w as not monitored in 2006. Table includes data for Como 7 and Como Golf Course Pond Outlet monitoring sites and pumping from Gottfred's Pit located in the Como 7 subw atershed.

NA: Not available. Gottfried's Pit pumping w as not included in discharge calculations until 2013.

Como 7


0

2

4

6

8

0

5

10

0

50

100

150

May2013

Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov

2013 Como 7Level, Velocity, and Discharge

ftft/

scf

s

4/30/2013 10:37:00 AM - 11/7/2013 7:37:00 PM

Level (0.192 ft) Velocity (0.576 ft/s) Discharge (4870930 cf)

Figure 6-13: 2013 Como 7 level, velocity, and discharge.

Como 7


0

2

4

6

8

0

50

100

150

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

May2013


2013 Como 7Level, Discharge, and Precipitation

ftcf

sin

4/30/2013 10:37:00 AM - 11/7/2013 7:37:00 PM

Level (0.192 ft) Discharge (4870930 cf) Precipitation (25.05 in)

Figure 6-14: 2013 Como 7 level, discharge, and precipitation.

Como 7


0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

01

2

3

4

5

6

Jul2013

Aug Sep Oct Nov

2013 Como Golf Course Pond OutletLevel, Velocity, and Discharge

ftft/

scf

s

6/23/2013 4:04:00 PM - 11/13/2013 3:04:00 AM


Figure 6-15: 2013 Como Golf Course Pond Outlet level, velocity, and discharge.

Como 7


0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

0

2

4

6

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

Jul2013

Aug Sep Oct Nov

2013 Como Golf Course Pond OutletLevel, Discharge, and Precipitation

ftcf

sin

6/23/2013 4:04:00 PM - 11/13/2013 3:04:00 AM


Figure 6-16: 2013 Como Golf Course Pond Outlet level, discharge, and precipitation.

Como 7


Table 6-2: 2013 Como 7 subwatershed laboratory data.

Sample Sampling Start Sampling End Ortho-P Cl Cd Cr Cu Pb Ni Zn NH3 TKN Total P NO3 NO2 TDS TSS VSS Hardness CBOD SO4 Fl E. coli Dissolved PType Date/Time Date/Time mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mpn/100 mL mg/LIllicit Discharge 09/16/2013 09:15 09/16/2013 09:15 0.040 37.2 0.00020 0.00056 0.00500 0.00034 0.00030 0.00980 0.200 0.8 0.14 0.34 0.41 155 3 2 94 - 22.5 1.28 - 0.075Illicit Discharge 09/17/2013 08:30 09/17/2013 08:30 0.016 37.8 0.00020 0.00049 0.00500 0.00035 0.00032 0.00830 0.250 0.9 0.07 0.35 0.38 159 6 5 78 1.9 22.9 0.63 13 0.044Illicit Discharge 10/02/2013 09:45 10/02/2013 10:09 - 68.5 - - - - - - 0.020 4.2 1.73 - - - 12 12 140 - - 0.89 - 0.996Illicit Discharge 10/02/2013 09:50 10/02/2013 09:50 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 866,400 -Illicit Discharge 10/10/2013 07:00 10/10/2013 10:55 - 84.8 - - - - - - 0.040 3.7 2.35 - - - 12 14 164 - - 0.98 - 1.590

ID Average Como 7 0.028 57.1 0.00020 0.00053 0.00500 0.00035 0.00031 0.00905 0.128 2.4 1.07 0.35 0.40 157 8 8 119 1.9 22.7 0.94 433,207 0.676ID Maximum Como 7 0.040 84.8 0.00020 0.00056 0.00500 0.00035 0.00032 0.00980 0.250 4.2 2.35 0.35 0.41 159 12 14 164 1.9 22.9 1.28 866,400 1.590ID Minimum Como 7 0.016 37.2 0.00020 0.00049 0.00500 0.00034 0.00030 0.00830 0.020 0.8 0.07 0.34 0.38 155 3 2 78 1.9 22.5 0.63 13 0.044ID Median Como 7 0.028 53.2 0.00020 0.00053 0.00500 0.00035 0.00031 0.00905 0.120 2.3 0.94 0.35 0.40 157 9 9 117 1.9 22.7 0.93 433,207 0.536

Como 7Sample Sampling Start Sampling End Ortho-P Cl Cd Cr Cu Pb Ni Zn NH3 TKN Total P NO3 NO2 TDS TSS VSS Hardness CBOD SO4 Fl E. coli Dissolved PType Date/Time Date/Time mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mpn/100 mL mg/LSnow melt Grab 03/28/2013 19:10 03/28/2013 19:10 0.428 240.0 0.00020 0.00360 0.01020 0.00390 0.00250 0.04800 1.550 5.0 0.60 0.29 0.06 526 36 17 44 13.0 6.0 - - -Snow melt Grab 04/23/2013 14:05 04/23/2013 14:05 0.032 147.8 0.00020 0.00340 0.00570 0.00770 0.00170 0.03690 0.140 1.1 0.13 0.13 0.03 271 33 14 24 1.9 2.4 - - -Storm Grab 05/01/2013 09:10 05/01/2013 09:10 0.047 99.6 0.00020 0.00210 0.00550 0.00140 0.00130 0.02680 0.320 1.2 0.09 0.45 0.03 136 12 5 42 3.4 - - 1,733 -Storm Composite 05/29/2013 22:31 05/29/2013 23:36 0.049 3.2 0.00020 0.00750 0.01870 0.02430 0.00650 0.11100 0.050 2.9 0.56 0.25 0.04 44 314 122 34 15.0 2.0 - - -Storm Composite 06/09/2013 03:46 06/09/2013 07:36 0.093 41.5 0.00020 0.00120 0.00760 0.00160 0.00140 0.03160 0.220 2.0 0.34 0.31 0.06 140 36 16 36 8.9 3.2 - - -Storm Composite 06/12/2013 09:16 06/12/2013 10:44 0.066 3.5 0.00020 0.00590 0.01610 0.02560 0.00550 0.09660 0.230 3.2 0.52 0.30 0.04 61 220 110 32 6.8 0.6 - - -Storm Composite 06/15/2013 15:46 06/15/2013 16:37 0.065 48.0 0.00020 0.00820 0.01640 0.02870 0.00630 0.09290 0.360 2.3 0.47 0.18 0.03 133 420 124 36 3.6 1.2 - - 0.075Storm Composite 06/21/2013 02:46 06/21/2013 03:41 0.157 14.9 0.00023 0.00600 0.01940 0.01910 0.00600 0.11000 0.110 5.5 1.03 0.56 0.03 94 266 108 12 - - - - 0.269Storm Grab 07/09/2013 09:10 07/09/2013 09:10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 33,600 -Storm Composite 10/02/2013 20:01 10/03/2013 00:31 0.074 2.3 0.00020 0.00350 0.00980 0.00950 0.00270 0.07000 0.320 1.7 0.40 0.05 0.03 42 233 65 22 - - - - 0.087Storm Composite 10/14/2013 23:16 10/15/2013 03:31 0.120 2.8 0.00020 0.00087 0.00550 0.00620 0.00110 0.02800 0.020 0.8 0.24 0.14 0.03 18 31 16 18 13.0 1.2 - - 0.141

Snow melt Average Como 7 0.230 193.9 0.00020 0.00350 0.00795 0.00580 0.00210 0.04245 0.845 3.1 0.37 0.21 0.05 399 35 16 34 7.5 4.2 - - -Storm Average Como 7 0.089 16.6 0.00020 0.00474 0.01336 0.01643 0.00421 0.07716 0.187 2.6 0.51 0.26 0.04 76 217 80 27 9.5 1.6 - 33,600 0.143

Annual Average Como 7 0.099 59.4 0.00020 0.00361 0.01041 0.01072 0.00297 0.05583 0.274 2.5 0.62 0.28 0.10 148 117 45 55 7.5 6.9 0.94 225,437 0.410Annual Maximum Como 7 0.428 240.0 0.00023 0.00820 0.01940 0.02870 0.00650 0.11100 1.550 5.5 2.35 0.56 0.41 526 420 124 164 15.0 22.9 1.28 866,400 1.590Annual Minimum Como 7 0.016 2.3 0.00020 0.00049 0.00500 0.00034 0.00030 0.00830 0.020 0.8 0.07 0.05 0.03 18 3 2 12 1.9 0.6 0.63 13 0.044Annual Median Como 7 0.066 39.7 0.00020 0.00345 0.00870 0.00695 0.00210 0.04245 0.210 2.2 0.43 0.30 0.04 135 35 16 36 6.8 2.4 0.93 17,667 0.114

Como Golf Course Pond OutletSample Sampling Start Sampling End Ortho-P Cl Cd Cr Cu Pb Ni Zn NH3 TKN Total P NO3 NO2 TDS TSS VSS Hardness CBOD SO4 Fl E. coli Dissolved PType Date/Time Date/Time mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mpn/100 mL mg/LStorm Composite 06/29/2013 07:31 06/30/2013 03:01 - 47.4 0.00020 0.00470 0.01290 0.01970 0.00330 0.06440 0.270 2.0 0.42 0.05 0.04 147 - 78 52 - - - - 0.100Storm Grab 07/09/2013 09:05 07/09/2013 09:05 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16,000 -Storm Composite 07/09/2013 09:52 07/10/2013 05:43 0.035 41.7 0.00020 0.00260 0.04220 0.00520 0.00220 0.03260 0.370 1.8 0.22 0.15 0.04 123 - 150 38 - - - - 0.061Storm Composite 07/13/2013 05:35 07/13/2013 19:41 - 29.0 0.00020 0.00110 0.00980 0.00100 0.00087 0.01430 0.200 1.0 0.12 0.14 0.03 88 8 6 34 - - - - 0.027Storm Composite 08/05/2013 05:50 08/05/2013 12:52 - - - - - - - - - 1.3 0.10 - - - 9 7 - - - - - -Storm Composite 09/15/2013 09:06 09/15/2013 21:53 0.016 18.1 0.00020 0.00140 0.00510 0.00440 0.00200 0.03400 0.020 1.6 0.22 0.05 0.03 114 69 29 52 - - - - 0.150Storm Composite 09/19/2013 13:44 09/20/2013 09:14 0.012 15.5 0.00020 0.00120 0.00380 0.00180 0.00130 0.02430 0.090 2.0 0.23 0.10 0.03 84 17 11 36 - - - - -Storm Composite 10/02/2013 22:35 10/03/2013 09:14 0.027 14.3 0.00020 0.00077 0.00320 0.00110 0.00110 0.02120 0.100 1.7 0.26 0.13 0.03 89 11 7 40 - - - - 0.067Storm Composite 10/03/2013 16:42 10/04/2013 05:48 0.024 11.6 0.00020 0.00084 0.00380 0.00089 0.00110 0.02270 0.280 1.8 0.24 0.15 0.03 80 12 8 30 7.8 3.1 - - 0.066Storm Composite 10/15/2013 02:28 10/15/2013 18:45 0.056 8.0 0.00020 0.00048 0.00260 0.00059 0.00082 0.02610 0.120 1.4 0.19 0.11 0.03 67 12 8 30 6.9 2.9 - - 0.102

Storm Average Como Golf Course Pond Outlet 0.028 23.2 0.00020 0.00164 0.01043 0.00434 0.00159 0.02995 0.181 1.6 0.22 0.11 0.03 99 20 33.778 39 7.4 3.0 - 16,000 0.082Annual Average Como 7 Subw atershed 0.075 46.250 0.000 0.003 0.010 0.008 0.002 0.045 0.240 2.164 0.464 0.212 0.072 128.550 84.381 40.609 49.455 7.473 6.171 0.945 183549.200 0.257Annual Maximum Como 7 Subw atershed 0.428 240.000 0.000 0.008 0.042 0.029 0.007 0.111 1.550 5.500 2.350 0.560 0.410 526.000 420.000 150.000 164.000 15.000 22.900 1.278 866400.000 1.590Annual Minimum Como 7 Subw atershed 0.012 8.0 0.00020 0.00048 0.00260 0.00059 0.00082 0.01430 0.020 1.0 0.10 0.05 0.03 67 8 6.000 30 6.9 2.9 - 16,000 0.027Annual Median Como 7 Subw atershed 0.048 33.100 0.000 0.002 0.007 0.004 0.002 0.032 0.200 1.800 0.244 0.150 0.030 104.000 17.000 14.000 36.000 6.900 2.880 0.935 16000.000 0.087

Actual number less than value (<)Estimated concentration above the adjusted method detection limit and below the adjusted reporting limit.

- Not collected### Outlier not included in averages

Como 7


Table 6-3: 2013 Como 7 subwatershed loading table.

2013 Como 7

Sample Type Sample Collection Time

TP (mg/L) TSS(mg/L) Loading Interval Interval

Volume (cf) Interval TP (lb)

Interval TSS (lb) Start End Start End

Storm 0.45 284 05/03/2013 09:00 05/04/2013 03:00 19,678 0.55 349

Storm 0.45 284 05/04/2013 04:15 05/04/2013 14:45 9,437 0.27 167

Illicit Discharge 1.07 8 05/06/2013 13:45 05/06/2013 17:00 221 0.01 0



Storm 0.45 284 05/08/2013 20:00 05/08/2013 23:50 36,440 1.03 646

Gottfried's Pit 0.22 66 05/08/2013 23:55 05/10/2013 00:15 189,459 2.60 781



Storm 0.45 284 05/17/2013 14:30 05/17/2013 21:15 17,281 0.49 306

Storm 0.45 284 05/18/2013 07:00 05/18/2013 11:45 132,102 3.72 2,342

Gottfried's Pit 0.22 66 05/18/2013 11:50 05/19/2013 06:25 211,270 2.90 870

Storm 0.45 284 05/19/2013 06:30 05/19/2013 07:35 41,113 1.16 729

Gottfried's Pit 0.22 66 05/19/2013 07:40 05/19/2013 15:10 80,472 1.11 332

Storm 0.45 284 05/19/2013 15:15 05/19/2013 17:35 273,421 7.70 4,848

Gottfried's Pit 0.22 66 05/19/2013 17:40 05/20/2013 22:10 727,235 9.99 2,996

Storm 0.45 284 05/20/2013 22:15 05/21/2013 14:45 136,950 3.86 2,428

Storm 0.45 284 05/21/2013 21:00 05/22/2013 04:45 2,037 0.06 36

Storm 0.45 284 05/22/2013 05:30 05/22/2013 20:30 2,462 0.07 44



Storm 0.45 284 05/24/2013 21:15 05/25/2013 01:40 40,395 1.14 716

Gottfried's Pit 0.22 66 05/25/2013 01:45 05/25/2013 13:30 80,692 1.11 332



Storm 0.45 284 05/28/2013 08:15 05/28/2013 15:00 1,272 0.04 23

Storm 0.45 284 05/29/2013 07:30 05/29/2013 15:15 2,178 0.06 39

Storm 0.45 284 05/29/2013 16:15 05/29/2013 20:45 1,267 0.04 22

Storm Composite 05/29/2013 22:31 05/29/2013 23:36 0.56 314 05/29/2013 22:15 05/30/2013 01:50 97,090 3.39 1,903

Gottfried's Pit 0.22 66 05/30/2013 01:50 05/31/2013 01:30 481,409 6.61 1,983

Storm 0.45 284 05/31/2013 01:45 05/31/2013 13:30 39,024 1.10 692

Storm 0.45 284 05/31/2013 13:45 06/01/2013 02:00 111,894 3.15 1,984

Illicit Discharge 1.07 8 06/01/2013 08:00 06/01/2013 22:45 3,690 0.25 2

Como 7





Storm 0.59 317 06/04/2013 20:15 06/05/2013 05:45 313 0.01 6

Storm 0.59 317 06/05/2013 07:45 06/06/2013 03:45 7,455 0.27 147




Storm Composite 06/09/2013 03:46 06/09/2013 07:36 0.34 36.00 06/09/2013 02:15 06/09/2013 08:40 49,414 1.05 111

Gottfried's Pit 0.22 66 06/09/2013 08:45 06/09/2013 12:30 46,063 0.63 190

Storm 0.59 317 06/09/2013 12:35 06/09/2013 14:40 51,993 1.90 1,029

Gottfried's Pit 0.22 66 06/09/2013 14:45 06/09/2013 23:00 69,145 0.95 285



Storm Composite 06/12/2013 09:16 06/12/2013 10:44 0.52 220.0 06/12/2013 07:30 06/12/2013 12:30 91,505 2.97 1,257

Gottfried's Pit 0.22 66 06/12/2013 12:35 06/13/2013 00:00 190,446 2.62 785




Storm 0.59 317 06/14/2013 22:45 06/15/2013 15:15 3,540 0.13 70

Storm 0.59 317 06/15/2013 15:30 06/15/2013 16:45 151,561 5.55 2,998

Gottfried's Pit 0.22 66 06/15/2013 16:50 06/16/2013 17:00 385,109 5.29 1,587

Storm 0.59 317 06/16/2013 19:00 06/16/2013 21:45 231 0.01 5




Storm Composite 06/21/2013 02:46 06/21/2013 03:41 1.03 266.0 06/21/2013 02:30 06/21/2013 04:10 128,614 8.27 2,136

Gottfried's Pit 0.22 66 06/21/2013 04:15 06/21/2013 18:45 294,442 4.04 1,213

Storm 0.59 317 06/29/2013 02:15 06/29/2013 19:45 36,582 1.34 724









Storm 0.41 208 07/07/2013 19:45 07/08/2013 01:00 5,316 0.14 69


Como 7


Storm 0.41 208 07/09/2013 06:30 07/09/2013 12:00 40,240 1.02 521



Storm 0.41 208 07/13/2013 03:45 07/13/2013 19:15 86,953 2.21 1,126








Storm 0.41 208 07/21/2013 05:45 07/21/2013 11:00 4,178 0.11 54




Storm 0.41 208 07/25/2013 02:30 07/25/2013 05:30 3,084 0.08 40


Storm 0.41 208 07/26/2013 07:15 07/26/2013 15:15 4,855 0.12 63

Storm 0.41 208 07/27/2013 06:30 07/28/2013 00:00 4,166 0.11 54



Storm 0.41 208 07/30/2013 07:15 07/30/2013 13:15 2,314 0.06 30


Storm 0.33 230 08/01/2013 07:30 08/01/2013 12:45 4,156 0.09 60




Storm 0.33 230 08/05/2013 02:00 08/05/2013 08:45 28,487 0.59 408


Storm 0.33 230 08/06/2013 19:30 08/07/2013 12:00 15,045 0.31 216










Como 7













Storm 0.33 230 08/29/2013 04:45 08/29/2013 14:30 38,508 0.80 552



Storm 0.33 230 08/31/2013 20:45 08/31/2013 23:45 1,703 0.04 24










Storm 0.63 239 09/10/2013 07:00 09/10/2013 15:30 881 0.03 13




Storm 0.63 239 09/14/2013 17:30 09/14/2013 23:00 12,578 0.49 188

Storm 0.63 239 09/15/2013 00:45 09/15/2013 10:45 6,796 0.27 101

Illicit Discharge Grab 09/16/2013 09:15 09/16/2013 09:15 0.14 3.0 09/16/2013 07:00 09/16/2013 13:30 1,375 0.01 0

Illicit Discharge Grab 09/17/2013 08:30 09/17/2013 08:30 0.07 6.0 09/17/2013 07:30 09/17/2013 14:30 3,821 0.02 1

Storm 0.63 239 09/17/2013 20:30 09/18/2013 06:45 2,313 0.09 35

Storm 0.63 239 09/19/2013 08:30 09/19/2013 12:35 12,083 0.47 180


Storm 0.63 239 09/20/2013 18:30 09/20/2013 19:15 56 0.00 1




Como 7





Storm 0.63 239 09/28/2013 09:30 09/28/2013 16:30 5,756 0.23 86



Storm Composite 10/02/2013 20:01 10/03/2013 00:31 0.40 233.0 10/02/2013 19:30 10/03/2013 01:00 45,364 1.13 660

Storm 0.52 125 10/04/2013 23:15 10/05/2013 01:25 12,903 0.42 101

Storm 0.52 125 10/06/2013 13:45 10/06/2013 21:30 1,596 0.05 12

Storm 0.52 125 10/11/2013 23:00 10/11/2013 23:50 1,560 0.05 12


Storm 0.52 125 10/14/2013 22:30 10/15/2013 10:45 51,685 1.67 403

Storm 0.52 125 10/15/2013 11:45 10/16/2013 05:30 7,521 0.24 59

Storm 0.52 125 10/17/2013 19:00 10/18/2013 12:30 18,032 0.58 140

Storm 0.52 125 10/19/2013 10:45 10/19/2013 20:15 2,237 0.07 17

Storm 0.52 125 10/20/2013 08:15 10/20/2013 15:30 2,810 0.09 22


Storm 0.52 125 10/29/2013 23:00 10/31/2013 03:30 1,882 0.06 15

Storm 0.83 79 11/04/2013 12:00 11/04/2013 17:00 6,553 0.34 32

Storm 0.83 79 11/05/2013 21:00 11/06/2013 08:15 5,981 0.31 29

Como 7 Illicit Discharge Flow-Weighted Average 1.04 8 Como 7 Illicit Discharge Subtotal 192,354 13 95

Como 7 Storm Flow-Weighted Average 0.51 259 Como 7 Storm Subtotal 1,922,838 62 31,082

Gottfried's Pit Flow-Weighted Average 0.22 66 Gottfried's Pit Subtotal 2,755,742 38 11,354

Como 7 Total Flow-Weighted Average 0.37 140 Como 7 Total 4,870,934 112 42,531

2013 Como Golf Course Pond Outlet





Storm 0.26 25 06/26/2013 13:30 06/28/2013 02:40 15,339 0.25 24

Storm 0.26 25 06/28/2013 09:00 06/29/2013 03:00 81,091 1.30 129

Storm 0.26 25 06/29/2013 03:10 07/03/2013 03:10 356,543 5.72 565

Storm 0.21 27 07/09/2013 08:30 07/12/2013 19:30 485,322 6.46 825

Storm Composite 07/13/2013 05:35 07/13/2013 19:41 0.12 8 07/13/2013 04:00 07/17/2013 06:50 751,494 5.63 375

Storm 0.21 27 07/26/2013 15:20 07/28/2013 14:30 77,745 1.04 132

Storm Composite 08/05/2013 05:50 08/05/2013 12:52 0.10 9 08/05/2013 03:30 08/06/2013 19:40 193,004 1.20 108

Storm 0.16 15 08/06/2013 19:50 08/09/2013 19:40 143,639 1.39 136

Storm 0.16 15 08/29/2013 05:30 09/01/2013 23:00 251,062 2.44 238

Storm Composite 09/15/2013 09:06 09/15/2013 21:53 0.22 69 09/15/2013 06:00 09/18/2013 02:40 100,371 1.38 432

Como 7


Storm 0.20 21 09/18/2013 05:50 09/19/2013 03:30 1,784 0.02 2

Storm Composite 09/19/2013 13:44 09/20/2013 09:14 0.23 17 09/19/2013 11:10 09/22/2013 17:10 165,791 2.38 176

Storm 0.20 21 09/28/2013 14:00 09/29/2013 05:20 1,527 0.02 2

Storm Composite 10/02/2013 22:35 10/03/2013 09:14 0.26 11 10/02/2013 20:10 10/03/2013 12:40 203,160 3.30 140

Storm Composite 10/03/2013 16:42 10/04/2013 05:48 0.24 12 10/03/2013 12:50 10/04/2013 23:40 283,090 4.24 212

Storm 0.18 10 10/04/2013 23:50 10/08/2013 05:40 180,345 2.07 114

Storm Composite 10/15/2013 02:28 10/15/2013 18:45 0.19 12 10/14/2013 23:40 10/17/2013 20:30 522,005 6.19 391

Storm 0.18 10 10/17/2013 20:40 10/21/2013 14:50 168,854 1.94 106

Como Golf Course Pond Total Flow-Weighted Average 0.19 17 Como Golf Course Pond Total 3,982,165 47 4,109

Como 7 Subwatershed Illicit Discharge Flow-Weighted Average 1.04 8 Como 7 Subwatershed ID Subtotal 192,354 13 95

Como 7 Subwatershed Storm Flow-Weighted Average 0.29 95 Como 7 Subwatershed Storm Subtotal 5,905,003 109 35,191

Gottfried's Pit Flow-Weighted Average 0.22 66 Gottfried's Pit Subtotal 2,755,742 38 11,354

Como 7 Subwatershed Total Flow-Weighted Average 0.29 84 Como 7 Subwatershed Total 8,853,099 159 46,640

Note: Italics indicate estimated concentrations based on average historical monthly illicit discharge, Gottfried's pit, and storm flow concentrations.

East Kittsondale


7 EAST KITTSONDALE SUBWATERSHED RESULTS

7.1 DESCRIPTION

The East Kittsondale subwatershed is located in the southern portion of CRWD and drains 1,116 acres of St. Paul (Figure 7-2). East Kittsondale is the smallest of the four major subwatersheds monitored by CRWD. The subwatershed empties into the Mississippi River, downstream of the confluence of the Minnesota and Mississippi Rivers. There are no surface water bodies in the subwatershed. Land use in the subwatershed is largely residential, with 46% impervious surface cover (CRWD, 2000). CRWD operates a full water quality monitoring station in the East Kittsondale subwatershed. Flow monitoring equipment is installed year-round while a water quality sampler is only installed for the non-winter monitoring period (April to early November). The station it is not located at the true outlet to the river because the depth of the storm sewer beneath the ground surface makes it difficult to monitor any further downstream.

Figure 7-1: The East Kittsondale monitoring site location (top, bottom left) and flow-logging and sampling equipment installed inside storm tunnel (bottom right).

East Kittsondale


Figure 7-2: Map of the East Kittsondale subwatershed and monitoring location.

East Kittsondale



The East Kittsondale subwatershed has been monitored for flow and water quality since 2005. From 2005-2008, monitoring only occurred during the spring, summer, and fall with no winter monitoring. Since 2009, the site has been monitored for the full calendar year with continuous flow data recorded and, at a minimum, one full water quality sampling event per month. Due to these differences in monitoring period, the 2009-2013 loading, and discharge data may show a significant difference when compared to pre-2009 data. Stormflow data should not be affected by differences in monitoring period as all storm samples since 2005 were collected during the spring, summer, or fall. The East Kittsondale monitoring site has a history of illicit discharges. In 2010, an illicit connection was identified and corrected. In 2012 possible illicit discharges were noticed during a dry period of the year. In 2013, greater attention was paid to the flow data during a dry period from August to October to identify and record potential illicit discharges. The identified intervals are detailed in Table 7-3. Overall illicit discharges represent a nearly insignificant portion of total flow and total loading in 2013. The flow data collected from East Kittsondale in 2013 is nearly 100% complete, meaning all possible data that could be collected was collected or adequately approximated.

7.2.1 DISCHARGE

In 2013 a larger fraction of the total discharge came from snowmelt compared to previous years (Figure 7-3). This is due in large part to a large snowpack depth in 2013 and a more protracted period in which snowmelt occurred. Another factor to note is that snowmelt was examined more closely when interpreting the 2013 flow data in comparison to previous years (see methods section). In 2009-2012 much of the runoff resulting from snowmelt was classified as baseflow. The historical average cumulative water yield for East Kittsondale (Figure 7-4) describes a relatively constant stormflow discharge throughout the year with increased flow occurring in early May and mid to late September. From May 17-20 2013 more than 4 inches of precipitation was recorded. The resulting storm flow accounted for approximately 18% of the total storm discharge recorded for 2013 and was a significant departure from the historical average. Large storm events June 20 to June 22 also resulted in a large increase from the historical average. A very dry August resulted in a 2013 total stormflow water yield close to the historical average.

East Kittsondale


Figure 7-3: Historical total monitored discharge volumes at East Kittsondale subwatershed for baseflow, stormflow, snowmelt, and illicit discharges from 2005-2013.

0

10,000,000

20,000,000

30,000,000

40,000,000

50,000,000

60,000,000

70,000,000

80,000,000

90,000,000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Dis

char

ge

(cf)

Year

Snowmelt

Illicit Discharge

Storm

Base

Seasonally Monitored (~Apr-Nov)

Continuously Monitored (Jan-Dec)

East Kittsondale


Figure 7-4: Historical and 2013 cumulative water yield from East Kittsondale subwatershed for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow

East Kittsondale




The majority of the suspended solids load for the entire monitoring record at East Kittsondale is overwhelmingly attributed to stormflow (Figure 7-5). The 2013 TSS load (408,699 lbs) was lower than all but two monitored years and the lowest since 2009 despite similar storm flow volume in 2009, 2011 and 2012 (Figure 7-7; Table 7-1). Although the stormflow volumes were not significantly different in 2013, Figure 7-6 shows that 2013 TSS storm concentrations were lower than the historical average throughout the year. The May, June, July, and September concentrations were markedly less than the historical average. The month of September was especially significant. The low TSS concentration and lower than average precipitation for the month can explain the low yearly load in 2013. Large storm events May 17-20, 2013 produced a large portion of the yearly TSS yield (Figure 7-7). Figure 7-7 shows that historically a large portion of the yearly TSS yield comes in mid-late September likely coinciding with leaf fall and related debris. This historical trend was not present in 2013. The baseflow yield in 2013 was higher than the average with a greater increase in yield occurring during the months of May and June (Figure 7-7). Since baseflow yields contribute a small fraction of the overall yield, the combined stormflow and baseflow yield was still well below the historical average.

East Kittsondale


Figure 7-5: Historical total monitored TSS loads at East Kittsondale subwatershed for baseflow, stormflow, snowmelt, and illicit discharges from 2005-2013.

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

TS

S L

oad

(lb

s)

Year

Snowmelt

Illicit Discharge

Storm

Base

East Kittsondale


Figure 7-6: Monthly average storm sample TSS concentrations in 2013 for East Kittsondale subwatershed and historical averages (2005-2012).

n=1

n=6

n=

13

n=

18

n=

16

n=

28

n=

15

n=

18

n=1

n=6

n=6

n=2

n=3

n=3

n=1

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500


TS

S C

on

cen

trat

ion

(m

g/L

)

Month


2013

East Kittsondale


Figure 7-7: Historical and 2013 cumulative TSS yield from East Kittsondale subwatershed for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

East Kittsondale



As with the TSS load, the majority of the yearly TP load at East Kittsondale is historically attributed to storm events (Figure 7-8). The total TP load for 2013 (1,125 lbs) is one of the highest on record; higher than all but 2007 and 2010 (Figure 7-8; Table 7-1). The contribution of stormflow to the total, however, is lower or nearly equal to most years in the historical record (Figure 7-8). In 2013 snowmelt was a major contributor to the total load (26%). It is important to note that throughout the nine year monitoring record, only one snowmelt sample was taken at East Kittsondale. In Figure 7-8 the 2013 load was calculated using this one sample concentration applied to all snowmelt intervals. In 2012, an average storm concentration was used to calculate the snowmelt yield. Therefore it is not possible to draw any solid conclusions about the contribution of snowmelt to the yearly TP load at this site. The lower than average 2013 stormflow load is reflected in the monthly storm TP concentrations (Figure 7-9). The average TP concentration for each month in 2013 was lower than the historical average. The June average (0.26 mg/L) was less than half of the historical concentration (0.67 mg/L). The month of June experienced heavy precipitation, but lower than average concentrations resulted in a reduced contribution to the overall load.

Figure 7-8: Historical total monitored TP loads at East Kittsondale subwatershed for baseflow, stormflow, snowmelt, and illicit discharges from 2005-2013.

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2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

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Illicit Discharge

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East Kittsondale


Figure 7-9: Monthly average storm sample TP concentrations in 2013 for East Kittsondale subwatershed and historical averages (2005-2012).

Heavy precipitation and subsequent stormflow May 17-20, 2013 resulted in a pronounced increase in stormflow TP yield (Figure 7-10). However, a drier than normal August and September resulted in a yearly stormflow yield close to the historical average. As with TSS yield, the baseflow yield in 2013 was greater than the historical average, but due to the lower overall contribution of baseflow to the total, the combined yield was slightly less than the historical value (Figure 7-10).

n=1

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East Kittsondale


Total Nitrogen (TN)

Figure 7-10: Historical and 2013 cumulative TP yield from East Kittsondale subwatershed for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

East Kittsondale


Total Nitrogen (TN)

Historically, TN yield trends have mirrored those of TP. Baseflow yields tend to remain constant throughout the year with a drop in late October. Stormflow yield is historically constant throughout the year with a sharp increase in late September to early October (Figure 7-11). In 2013, the baseflow yield was significantly higher than the historical average in May and June which contributed to a total yearly baseflow yield higher than the average of previous monitoring years. Large increases in stormflow TN yield resulted from large storm events mid-May and mid-June in 2013. As with TP, a dry fall led to stormflow yields less than the historical average for this period. Additionally, there was not a pronounced increase in yield late September. The 2013 overall TN yield was slightly higher than average owing to higher baseflow yields.

East Kittsondale


Figure 7-11: Historical and 2013 cumulative TN yield from East Kittsondale subwatershed forstormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

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Combined Baseflow + Stormflow

East Kittsondale


Chloride (Cl-)

Chloride yields tend to show clear seasonal variation and are greatly driven by activities in the watershed such as road salt application. Unlike other reported parameters, the majority of the yearly Cl- yield comes from baseflow. Historically, baseflow yields increase sharply in March and April, typically when the winter snowpack melts. Snowmelt was largely classified as baseflow in 2009-2012, so it is unclear which fraction of the yield is due to snowmelt runoff as opposed to the groundwater sourced baseflow. In 2013, however, when snowmelt was carefully separated from baseflow, the baseflow Cl- yield still showed a sharp increase coinciding with the melting of the snowpack. The 2013 increase in yield, though still marked, was more gradual than the historical average (Figure 7-12). The snowpack in 2013 melted over a time span of nearly two months, which was not typical of recent years, and may have resulted in the more gradual increase in yield. Future monitoring is necessary to determine if the more gradual increase seen in 2013 is a better representation of actual baseflow Cl- yields.

East Kittsondale


Figure 7-12: Historical and 2013 cumulative Cl- yield from East Kittsondale subwatershed for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

East Kittsondale


2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013Subwatershed Area (ac) 1,116 1,116 1,116 1,116 1,116 1,116 1,116 1,116 1,116Total Rainfall (inches) 29.28 24.13 13.96 18.89 20.95 35.61 33.62 30.26 36.36Number of Monitoring Days 200 210 225 217 277 325 365 360 365Number of Storm Sampling Events 18 15 25 12 25 19 13 20 22Number of Storm Intervals 23 26 43 37 58 54 34 40 40Number of Snowmelt Sampling Events NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 0 1Number of Snowmelt Intervals NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 3 37Number of Illicit Discharge Sampling Events NA NA NA NA 8 0 0 0 3Number of Illicit Discharge Intervals NA NA NA NA 41 0 0 0 14Number of Base Sampling Events 1 8 11 11 25 20 18 17 15Number of Baseflow Intervals 41 21 42 38 82 58 34 45 84Total Discharge (cf) 27,816,625 39,689,928 58,852,320 35,342,806 44,095,386 66,983,674 76,282,660 55,261,249 72,017,156 Storm Flow Subtotal (cf) 21,125,831 25,397,422 45,045,199 24,635,756 30,705,350 50,937,930 36,668,961 36,530,284 32,265,441 Snowmelt Subtotal (cf) NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 5,740,510 14,504,314 Illicit Discharge Subtotal (cf) NA NA NA NA 4,211,844 0 0 0 133,811 Baseflow Subtotal (cf) 6,690,794 14,292,506 13,806,121 10,707,050 9,178,141 16,045,744 39,613,699 12,990,455 25,113,590 Average TSS Concentration (mg/L) 133 171 279 169 100 106 117 84 102Total FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) 132 173 316 214 112 185 122 123 91Storm FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) 133 266 403 291 141 241 243 160 184Snowmelt FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 157 22Illicit Discharge FWA TSS (mg/L) NA NA NA NA 98 0 0 0 25Base FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) 4 6 32 36 20 7 10 5 11Total TSS Loading (lbs) 230,190 427,494 1,161,807 471,176 308,358 773,129 580,026 425,599 408,699Storm TSS Loading (lbs) 228,519 421,821 1,134,452 447,229 271,189 766,063 555,801 365,152 371,464Snowmelt TSS Loading (lbs) NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 56,334 19,920Illicit Discharge TSS Load (lbs) NA NA NA NA 25,722 0 0 0 209Base TSS Loading (lbs) 1,671 5,673 27,354 23,877 11,360 7,066 24,225 4,113 17,106Total TSS Yield (lb/ac) 206 383 1,038 422 276 693 520 381 366Normalized Total TSS Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) 30 39 71 48 25 42 28 28 21Average TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.31 0.37 0.35 0.39 0.29 0.25 0.17 0.19 0.21Total FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.23 0.38 0.35 0.48 0.29 0.34 0.19 0.25 0.25Storm FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.28 0.54 0.44 0.58 0.35 0.43 0.32 0.30 0.35Snowmelt FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.00 0.31 0.33Illicit Discharge FWA TP (mg/L) NA NA NA NA 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13Base FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.24 0.16 0.06 0.07 0.05 0.07Total TP Loading (lbs) 398 931 1,302 1,058 801 1,425 886 845 1,125Storm TP Loading (lbs) 373 861 1,236 898 662 1,369 724 690 710Snowmelt TP Loading (lbs) NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 111 302Illicit Discharge TP Load (lbs) NA NA NA NA 49 0 0 0 1Base TP Loading (lbs) 25 70 66 161 90 56 162 44 113Total TP Yield (lb/ac) 0.36 0.83 1.17 0.95 0.72 1.28 0.79 0.76 1.01Normalized Total TP Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) 0.05 0.09 0.08 0.11 0.07 0.08 0.04 0.06 0.06

NA: Not available. Illicit discharge events w ere not monitored or sampled until 2009. Snow melt events w ere not monitored or sampled until 2011.

Table 7-1: East Kittsondale subwatershed monitoring results for 2005-2013.

East Kittsondale


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Feb2013

Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan 2014

2013 East KittsondaleLevel, Velocity, and Discharge

ftft/

scf

s

1/1/2013 12:00:00 AM - 1/1/2014 12:00:00 AM


Figure 7-13: 2013 East Kittsondale level, velocity, and discharge.

East Kittsondale


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2013 East KittsondaleLevel, Discharge, and Precipitation

ftcf

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1/1/2013 12:00:00 AM - 1/1/2014 12:00:00 AM


Figure 7-14: 2013 East Kittsondale level, discharge, and precipitation.

East Kittsondale


Sample Sampling Start Sampling End Ortho-P Cl Cd Cr Cu Pb Ni Zn NH3 TKN Total P NO3 NO2 TDS TSS VSS Hardness CBOD SO4 Fl E. coli Dissolved PType Date/Time Date/Time mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mpn/100 mL mg/LIllicit Discharge 09/04/2013 09:25 09/04/2013 09:25 0.051 226.3 0.00020 0.00150 0.00450 0.00330 0.00200 0.02000 0.240 1.4 0.09 1.20 0.14 650 24 11 288 4.2 60.1 0.82 3 0.087Illicit Discharge 09/17/2013 13:49 09/17/2013 14:04 - 223.5 - - - - - - 0.070 0.8 0.06 - - - - - 356 - - 1.26 - 0.048Illicit Discharge 12/12/2013 10:45 12/12/2013 10:45 0.152 2,953.0 0.00020 0.00250 0.00510 0.01350 0.00230 0.15300 1.520 3.1 0.24 1.08 0.030 5,670 26 10 512 - - - 1,733 0.161

ID Average 0.102 1134 0.0002 0.0020 0.0048 0.0084 0.0022 0.0865 0.610 1.8 0.13 1.140 0.085 3160 25 11 385 4.2 60.1 1.04 868 0.099ID Maximum 0.152 2953 0.0002 0.0025 0.0051 0.0135 0.0023 0.1530 1.520 3.1 0.24 1.200 0.140 5670 26 11 512 4.2 60.1 1.26 1733 0.161ID Minimum 0.051 224 0.0002 0.0015 0.0045 0.0033 0.0020 0.0200 0.070 0.8 0.06 1.080 0.030 650 24 10 288 4.2 60.1 0.82 3 0.048ID Median 0.102 226 0.0002 0.0020 0.0048 0.0084 0.0022 0.0865 0.240 1.4 0.09 1.140 0.085 3160 25 11 356 4.2 60.1 1.04 868 0.087

Base Grab 02/21/2013 10:15 02/21/2013 10:15 0.019 397.0 0.00020 0.00029 0.00190 0.00012 0.00170 0.00860 0.090 0.5 0.03 1.49 0.030 1,210 2 1 528 1.0 94.2 - 1 -Base Grab 03/06/2013 09:00 03/06/2013 09:00 0.005 947.0 0.00020 0.00150 0.00530 0.00039 0.00220 0.03980 0.070 0.8 0.02 1.12 0.030 2,230 1 2 512 1.0 75.7 - 33 -Base Composite 05/15/2013 08:52 05/16/2013 03:01 0.019 541.2 0.00020 0.00047 0.00330 0.00066 0.00180 0.01250 0.030 0.8 0.04 2.49 0.030 1,400 5 2 572 1.1 86.6 - - -Base Grab 05/16/2013 09:15 05/16/2013 09:15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 -Base Grab 06/03/2013 09:10 06/03/2013 09:10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 276 -Base Composite 06/03/2013 09:17 06/03/2013 20:02 0.014 448.7 0.00020 0.00130 0.00650 0.00240 0.00210 0.03270 0.020 1.6 0.09 2.69 0.030 1,350 21 10 516 1.9 74.0 - - -Base Grab 06/19/2013 08:40 06/19/2013 08:40 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 236 -Base Composite 06/19/2013 09:02 06/20/2013 08:31 0.021 439.2 0.00020 0.00041 0.00180 0.00013 0.00160 0.00670 0.020 0.5 0.02 2.84 0.030 1,300 2 1 500 1.4 102.0 - - 0.020Base Grab 07/02/2013 08:10 07/02/2013 08:10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2,000 -Base Composite 07/02/2013 08:17 07/02/2013 23:46 0.020 444.6 0.00020 0.00056 0.00200 0.00023 0.00160 0.00880 0.020 0.8 0.04 2.72 0.030 1,220 4 1 484 - - - - 0.021Base Grab 07/16/2013 09:00 07/16/2013 09:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 225 -Base Composite 07/16/2013 09:17 07/17/2013 08:47 0.036 403.4 0.00020 0.00067 0.00280 0.00110 0.00170 0.00860 0.020 0.9 0.08 2.44 0.030 1,180 10 2 488 - - - - 0.025Base Grab 07/29/2013 09:15 07/29/2013 09:15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 50 -Base Composite 07/29/2013 09:17 07/30/2013 05:46 0.027 368.0 0.00020 0.00044 0.00220 0.00010 0.00160 0.00630 0.020 0.9 0.04 2.28 0.030 1,120 3 1 500 - - - - 0.042Base Grab 08/12/2013 09:00 08/12/2013 09:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 179 -Base Composite 08/12/2013 09:17 08/13/2013 05:01 0.038 352.6 0.00020 0.00062 0.00270 0.00080 0.00180 0.01030 0.020 0.7 0.07 2.33 0.030 1,060 9 5 488 - - - - 0.045Base Composite 08/26/2013 09:32 08/27/2013 08:31 0.024 328.3 0.00020 0.00061 0.00260 0.00086 0.00200 0.01150 0.020 1.1 0.05 1.94 0.030 997 9 3 464 4.2 - - - 0.031Base Grab 08/26/2013 08:50 08/26/2013 08:50 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 -Base Grab 09/10/2013 09:10 09/10/2013 09:10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 727 -Base Composite 09/10/2013 17:46 09/11/2013 01:31 0.005 280.4 0.00020 0.00079 0.00790 0.00056 0.00260 0.01720 0.020 1.1 0.06 1.91 0.050 922 3 2 312 - - - - 0.020Base Grab 09/24/2013 10:45 09/24/2013 10:45 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 214 -Base Composite 09/24/2013 10:47 09/25/2013 01:18 0.005 353.6 0.00020 0.00029 0.00150 0.00013 0.00150 0.00440 0.020 0.6 0.03 1.89 0.030 988 3 1 436 - - - - 0.020Base Grab 10/09/2013 10:50 10/09/2013 10:50 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 192 -Base Composite 10/09/2013 11:02 10/10/2013 08:31 0.008 340.5 0.00020 0.00027 0.00190 0.00024 0.00140 0.00390 0.020 1.2 0.03 1.94 0.030 - 4 1 436 - - - - 0.020Base Composite 10/23/2013 08:48 10/24/2013 08:32 0.036 368.7 0.00020 0.00048 0.00250 0.00058 0.00260 0.00880 0.040 0.8 0.06 1.64 0.030 1,030 3 2 480 - - - - 0.049Base Grab 10/23/2013 08:50 10/23/2013 08:50 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16 -Base Grab 11/07/2013 09:05 11/07/2013 09:05 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 48 -Base Composite 11/07/2013 10:09 11/07/2013 15:31 0.009 314.1 0.00020 0.00020 0.00130 0.00100 0.00140 0.00520 0.020 0.7 0.02 1.45 0.030 986 2 1 488 - - - - 0.020

Base Average 0.019 421.8 0.00020 0.00059 0.00308 0.00062 0.00184 0.01235 0.030 0.9 0.04 2.08 0.031 1,214 5 2 480 1.8 86.5 - 280 0.028

Snow melt Grab 04/03/2013 15:00 04/03/2013 15:00 0.204 165.6 0.00020 0.00280 0.01680 0.00300 0.00250 0.03350 0.390 2.3 0.33 0.43 0.040 444 22 10 128 4.4 18.3 - - -Storm Composite 05/01/2013 05:03 05/01/2013 09:31 0.086 63.3 0.00020 0.00800 0.02710 0.01320 0.00490 0.14000 0.340 2.2 0.32 0.52 0.040 189 126 56 56 13.0 9.5 - - -Storm Grab 05/01/2013 09:10 05/01/2013 09:10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11,000 -Storm Composite 05/08/2013 20:03 05/09/2013 00:16 0.116 49.7 0.00032 0.01340 0.05140 0.02790 0.00900 0.24800 1.210 5.4 0.67 0.94 0.090 214 235 130 56 21.0 8.7 - - -Storm Composite 05/18/2013 07:48 05/18/2013 10:35 - 6.5 0.00020 0.00830 0.02790 0.02060 0.00530 0.13900 0.220 3.0 0.54 0.12 0.030 47 179 72 32 - 2.8 - - -Storm Composite 05/20/2013 13:33 05/20/2013 16:48 0.010 15.9 0.00036 0.01170 0.03930 0.04400 0.00740 0.19200 0.400 3.9 0.46 0.42 0.040 84 308 102 52 6.3 5.0 - - -Storm Composite 05/20/2013 22:46 05/21/2013 01:46 0.027 11.3 0.00047 0.00830 0.03170 0.04400 0.00620 0.15400 0.460 3.8 0.47 0.36 0.030 65 270 120 36 6.7 3.4 - - -Storm Composite 05/29/2013 22:34 05/30/2013 01:51 0.037 6.5 0.00026 0.00690 0.02750 0.04000 0.00590 0.13400 0.170 2.2 0.39 0.28 0.030 41 194 68 44 9.5 2.7 - - -Storm Composite 05/31/2013 02:18 05/31/2013 03:46 0.024 7.5 0.00020 0.00600 0.02380 0.03060 0.00490 0.12300 0.300 2.3 0.42 0.35 0.030 52 162 77 40 - - - - -Storm Composite 06/09/2013 03:02 06/09/2013 16:01 0.016 17.2 0.00020 0.00440 0.01180 0.00770 0.00210 0.05410 0.120 1.8 0.22 0.48 0.040 85 91 57 36 7.1 4.5 - - -Storm Composite 06/12/2013 09:32 06/12/2013 14:01 0.020 8.4 0.00020 0.00690 0.01950 0.01990 0.00330 0.09760 0.040 1.5 0.25 0.23 0.030 49 100 43 40 5.3 3.0 - - -Storm Composite 06/15/2013 15:34 06/15/2013 17:46 0.016 14.9 0.00024 0.00880 0.02550 0.03030 0.00520 0.13400 0.200 2.8 0.47 0.31 0.040 85 559 209 52 86.0 5.8 - - 0.044Storm Composite 06/21/2013 02:47 06/21/2013 05:01 0.085 4.9 0.00020 0.00470 0.01750 0.02100 0.00370 0.10300 0.270 2.1 0.36 0.36 0.030 66 126 44 40 - - - - 0.111Storm Composite 06/21/2013 20:17 06/21/2013 21:40 - 2.6 0.00020 0.00870 0.01980 0.02280 0.00380 0.08420 0.070 1.0 0.19 0.23 0.030 36 130 33 56 - - - - 0.033Storm Composite 06/22/2013 03:01 06/22/2013 05:18 - 8.0 0.00027 0.00180 0.00760 0.00480 0.00150 0.03200 0.070 0.7 0.10 0.41 0.030 59 23 9 32 - - - - 0.037Storm Composite 07/09/2013 08:32 07/09/2013 10:16 0.012 13.1 0.00020 0.00720 0.02480 0.01880 0.00420 0.12200 0.160 2.4 0.33 0.21 0.060 95 112 48 36 - - - - 0.052Storm Grab 07/09/2013 09:15 07/09/2013 09:15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14,800 -Storm Composite 07/13/2013 04:01 07/13/2013 06:45 - 3.2 0.00020 0.00220 0.00910 0.00940 0.00180 0.04440 0.030 0.8 0.14 0.13 0.030 34 57 22 20 - - - - 0.021Storm Composite 08/05/2013 03:02 08/05/2013 05:31 0.097 6.4 0.00020 0.00300 0.01430 0.01380 0.00250 0.08700 0.200 1.3 0.22 0.30 0.030 48 142 35 44 - - - - 0.141Storm Composite 08/06/2013 20:02 08/06/2013 22:46 0.013 5.7 - - - - - - 0.020 2.0 0.33 0.27 0.030 52 251 81 36 - - - - 0.020Storm Composite 08/29/2013 04:47 08/29/2013 08:16 0.005 4.7 0.00020 0.00480 0.01870 0.02010 0.00370 0.09060 0.020 1.9 0.26 0.18 0.030 54 231 44 48 9.9 4.8 - - 0.020Storm Composite 09/14/2013 19:32 09/14/2013 22:46 0.013 17.4 0.00020 0.00690 0.02280 0.01280 0.00420 0.12200 0.020 2.0 0.33 0.25 0.030 102 206 70 64 - - - - 0.050Storm Composite 09/15/2013 04:01 09/15/2013 07:16 0.059 9.1 0.00020 0.00180 0.00780 0.00400 0.00130 0.04560 0.080 0.9 0.17 0.40 0.030 72 25 14 44 - - - - 0.085Storm Grab 09/18/2013 08:40 09/18/2013 08:40 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6300 -Storm Composite 09/19/2013 11:31 09/19/2013 15:46 0.015 12.9 0.00020 0.00680 0.02520 0.02330 0.00410 0.12500 0.150 1.5 0.28 0.47 0.040 84 272 58 52 - - - - 0.049Storm Composite 10/02/2013 22:02 10/03/2013 03:16 0.062 5.0 0.00020 0.00360 0.01150 0.00920 0.00190 0.05320 0.380 1.1 0.17 0.30 0.030 54 49 19 56 - - - - 0.090

Snow melt Average 0.204 165.6 0.00020 0.00280 0.01680 0.00300 0.00250 0.03350 0.390 2.3 0.33 0.43 0.040 444 22 10 128 4.4 18.3 - - -Storm Average 0.040 13.4 0.00023 0.00639 0.02212 0.02087 0.00414 0.11070 0.224 2.1 0.32 0.34 0.036 76 175 64 44 18.3 5.0 - 10,700 0.058

Annual Average 0.039 248.5 0.00022 0.00384 0.01377 0.01198 0.00311 0.06965 0.185 1.6 0.21 1.04 0.037 652 100 37 231 10.8 33.0 1.04 1,902 0.050Annual Maximum 0.204 2953.0 0.00047 0.01340 0.05140 0.04400 0.00900 0.24800 1.520 5.4 0.67 2.84 0.140 5670 559 209 572 86.0 102.0 1.26 14,800 0.161Annual Minimum 0.005 2.6 0.00020 0.00020 0.00130 0.00010 0.00130 0.00390 0.020 0.5 0.02 0.12 0.030 34 1 1 20 1.0 2.7 0.82 1 0.020Annual Median 0.021 49.7 0.00020 0.00250 0.00910 0.00770 0.00230 0.04560 0.070 1.3 0.17 0.48 0.030 102 38 17 56 5.3 8.7 1.04 203 0.042


- Not collected

Table 7-2: 2013 East Kittsondale subwatershed laboratory data.

East Kittsondale


Table 7-3: 2013 East Kittondale subwatershed loading table.

Sample Type

Sample Collection Time TP (mg/L) TSS(mg/L)

Loading Interval Interval Volume (cf)

Interval TP (lb)


Base 0.08 25 01/01/2013 00:00 01/10/2013 14:30 246,675 1.30 380

Snowmelt 0.33 22 01/10/2013 14:45 01/12/2013 13:30 1,440,470 29.94 1,978

Base 0.08 25 01/12/2013 13:45 02/12/2013 11:30 1,267,220 6.67 1,951

Snowmelt 0.33 22 02/12/2013 11:45 02/12/2013 22:45 108,702 2.26 149

Base 0.05 3 02/12/2013 23:00 02/13/2013 12:00 18,834 0.05 3

Snowmelt 0.33 22 02/13/2013 12:15 02/14/2013 01:15 134,787 2.80 185

Base 0.05 3 02/14/2013 01:30 02/14/2013 09:30 22,234 0.06 4

Snowmelt 0.33 22 02/14/2013 09:45 02/14/2013 21:45 138,532 2.88 190

Base Grab 02/21/2013 10:15 02/21/2013 10:15 0.03 2 02/14/2013 22:00 02/24/2013 12:00 327,850 0.53 41

Snowmelt 0.33 22 02/24/2013 12:15 02/24/2013 21:45 105,348 2.19 145

Base 0.05 3 02/24/2013 22:00 02/25/2013 12:00 19,298 0.06 3

Snowmelt 0.33 22 02/25/2013 12:15 02/25/2013 21:15 103,147 2.14 142

Base 0.05 3 02/25/2013 21:30 02/26/2013 12:15 22,715 0.07 4

Snowmelt 0.33 22 02/26/2013 12:30 02/26/2013 22:00 95,616 1.99 131

Base 0.05 3 02/26/2013 22:15 02/27/2013 10:30 18,059 0.05 3

Snowmelt 0.33 22 02/27/2013 10:45 02/27/2013 23:15 177,212 3.68 243

Base 0.05 3 02/27/2013 23:30 03/02/2013 10:45 119,490 0.35 21

Snowmelt 0.33 22 03/02/2013 11:00 03/02/2013 21:15 111,456 2.32 153

Base Grab 03/06/2013 09:00 03/06/2013 09:00 0.02 1 03/02/2013 21:30 03/08/2013 11:00 384,402 0.48 24

Snowmelt 0.33 22 03/08/2013 11:15 03/08/2013 22:00 226,597 4.71 311

Base 0.05 4 03/08/2013 22:15 03/09/2013 02:00 9,987 0.03 2

Snowmelt 0.33 22 03/09/2013 02:15 03/11/2013 00:00 2,023,210 42.06 2,779

Base 0.05 4 03/11/2013 00:15 03/13/2013 10:30 152,645 0.43 36

Snowmelt 0.33 22 03/13/2013 10:45 03/13/2013 21:30 168,512 3.50 231

Base 0.05 4 03/13/2013 21:45 03/14/2013 09:45 20,420 0.06 5

Snowmelt 0.33 22 03/14/2013 10:00 03/14/2013 21:15 338,637 7.04 465

Base 0.05 4 03/14/2013 21:30 03/15/2013 06:00 26,410 0.07 6

Snowmelt 0.33 22 03/15/2013 06:15 03/15/2013 20:45 297,916 6.19 409

Base 0.05 4 03/15/2013 21:00 03/21/2013 11:15 326,184 0.92 77

Snowmelt 0.33 22 03/21/2013 11:30 03/21/2013 21:45 100,671 2.09 138

Base 0.05 4 03/21/2013 22:00 03/22/2013 10:30 15,744 0.04 4

Snowmelt 0.33 22 03/22/2013 10:45 03/22/2013 22:00 207,617 4.32 285

Base 0.05 4 03/22/2013 22:15 03/23/2013 10:00 21,727 0.06 5

Snowmelt 0.33 22 03/23/2013 10:15 03/23/2013 21:30 208,624 4.34 287

Base 0.05 4 03/23/2013 21:45 03/25/2013 10:15 80,944 0.23 19

East Kittsondale


Snowmelt 0.33 22 03/25/2013 10:30 03/25/2013 23:15 320,264 6.66 440

Base 0.05 4 03/25/2013 23:30 03/26/2013 11:00 26,157 0.07 6

Snowmelt 0.33 22 03/26/2013 11:15 03/26/2013 21:30 203,872 4.24 280

Base 0.05 4 03/26/2013 21:45 03/27/2013 09:30 26,747 0.08 6

Snowmelt 0.33 22 03/27/2013 09:45 03/27/2013 23:15 390,764 8.12 537

Base 0.05 4 03/27/2013 23:30 03/28/2013 10:00 27,616 0.08 6

Snowmelt 0.33 22 03/28/2013 10:15 03/28/2013 22:30 405,379 8.43 557

Base 0.05 4 03/28/2013 22:45 03/29/2013 11:30 47,352 0.13 11

Snowmelt 0.33 22 03/29/2013 11:45 03/30/2013 02:30 456,151 9.48 626

Snowmelt 0.33 22 03/30/2013 02:45 03/31/2013 00:45 1,298,170 26.99 1,783

Base 0.05 4 03/31/2013 01:00 03/31/2013 11:00 34,880 0.10 8

Snowmelt 0.33 22 03/31/2013 11:15 03/31/2013 22:15 168,783 3.51 232

Base 0.05 4 03/31/2013 22:30 04/03/2013 09:30 170,039 0.48 40

Snowmelt Grab 04/03/2013 15:00 04/03/2013 15:00 0.33 22 04/03/2013 09:45 04/04/2013 01:00 116,970 2.43 161

Base 0.09 25 04/04/2013 01:15 04/05/2013 11:00 192,279 1.14 297

Snowmelt 0.33 22 04/05/2013 11:15 04/06/2013 00:45 90,253 1.88 124

Base 0.09 25 04/06/2013 01:00 04/06/2013 08:45 13,633 0.08 21

Storm 0.43 334 04/06/2013 09:00 04/06/2013 23:15 217,988 5.91 4,542

Base 0.09 25 04/06/2013 23:30 04/07/2013 21:30 65,031 0.38 100

Storm 0.43 334 04/07/2013 21:45 04/08/2013 10:15 1,105,140 29.94 23,029

Base 0.09 25 04/08/2013 10:30 04/09/2013 07:00 78,839 0.47 122

Storm 0.43 334 04/09/2013 07:15 04/09/2013 16:00 442,951 12.00 9,230

Base 0.09 25 04/09/2013 16:15 04/09/2013 20:45 23,145 0.14 36

Storm 0.43 334 04/09/2013 21:00 04/10/2013 02:30 85,997 2.33 1,792

Storm 0.43 334 04/10/2013 02:45 04/10/2013 14:15 245,160 6.64 5,109

Base 0.09 25 04/10/2013 14:30 04/11/2013 03:30 70,385 0.42 109

Snowmelt 0.33 22 04/11/2013 03:45 04/11/2013 09:15 114,135 2.37 157

Snowmelt 0.33 22 04/11/2013 09:30 04/12/2013 00:45 581,055 12.08 798

Base 0.09 25 04/12/2013 01:00 04/12/2013 07:30 48,325 0.29 75

Snowmelt 0.33 22 04/12/2013 07:45 04/12/2013 22:00 296,458 6.16 407

Base 0.09 25 04/12/2013 22:15 04/14/2013 10:00 135,273 0.80 209

Snowmelt 0.33 22 04/14/2013 10:15 04/15/2013 08:30 776,033 16.13 1,066

Snowmelt 0.33 22 04/15/2013 08:45 04/15/2013 23:45 177,143 3.68 243

Base 0.09 25 04/16/2013 00:00 04/16/2013 09:45 31,829 0.19 49

Snowmelt 0.33 22 04/16/2013 10:00 04/16/2013 23:00 203,396 4.23 279

Base 0.09 25 04/16/2013 23:15 04/17/2013 17:00 44,437 0.26 69

Storm 0.43 334 04/17/2013 17:15 04/18/2013 09:45 586,296 15.88 12,217

Storm 0.43 334 04/18/2013 10:00 04/18/2013 14:45 96,053 2.60 2,002

Base 0.09 25 04/18/2013 15:00 04/19/2013 07:00 159,815 0.95 247

East Kittsondale


Snowmelt 0.33 22 04/19/2013 07:15 04/19/2013 22:45 592,305 12.31 813

Base 0.09 25 04/19/2013 23:00 04/20/2013 09:15 42,206 0.25 65

Snowmelt 0.33 22 04/20/2013 09:30 04/20/2013 22:15 397,482 8.26 546

Base 0.09 25 04/20/2013 22:30 04/21/2013 09:30 59,409 0.35 92

Snowmelt 0.33 22 04/21/2013 09:45 04/22/2013 01:45 639,295 13.29 878

Base 0.09 25 04/22/2013 02:00 04/22/2013 11:30 55,616 0.33 86

Snowmelt 0.33 22 04/22/2013 11:45 04/23/2013 00:00 364,822 7.58 501

Snowmelt 0.33 22 04/23/2013 00:15 04/23/2013 23:30 924,530 19.22 1,270

Base 0.09 25 04/23/2013 23:45 05/01/2013 04:00 1,125,080 6.65 1,738

Storm Composite 05/01/2013 05:03 05/01/2013 09:31 0.32 126 05/01/2013 04:15 05/02/2013 00:15 833,859 16.50 6,559

Base 0.15 16 05/02/2013 00:30 05/08/2013 19:15 1,234,160 11.30 1,244

Storm Composite 05/08/2013 20:03 05/09/2013 00:16 0.67 235 05/08/2013 19:30 05/09/2013 03:00 446,735 18.57 6,554

Base Composite 05/15/2013 08:52 05/16/2013 03:01 0.04 5 05/09/2013 03:15 05/17/2013 14:00 770,795 2.12 241

Storm 0.50 323 05/17/2013 14:15 05/17/2013 18:45 304,917 9.60 6,142

Base 0.15 16 05/17/2013 19:00 05/18/2013 06:45 46,148 0.42 47

Storm Composite 05/18/2013 07:48 05/18/2013 10:35 0.54 179 05/18/2013 07:00 05/18/2013 14:45 1,403,650 47.05 15,685

Base 0.15 16 05/18/2013 15:00 05/19/2013 06:00 65,822 0.60 66

Storm 0.50 323 05/19/2013 06:15 05/19/2013 09:15 416,208 13.11 8,384

Base 0.15 16 05/19/2013 09:30 05/19/2013 14:30 45,888 0.42 46

Storm 0.50 323 05/19/2013 14:45 05/19/2013 16:50 1,163,120 36.63 23,429

Storm 0.50 323 05/19/2013 16:55 05/19/2013 22:15 1,729,670 54.47 34,842

Base 0.15 16 05/19/2013 22:30 05/20/2013 12:45 545,292 4.99 550

Storm Composite 05/20/2013 13:33 05/20/2013 16:48 0.46 308 05/20/2013 13:00 05/20/2013 17:45 518,440 14.95 9,968

Base 0.15 16 05/20/2013 18:00 05/20/2013 22:00 42,340 0.39 43

Storm Composite 05/20/2013 22:46 05/21/2013 01:46 0.47 270 05/20/2013 22:15 05/21/2013 02:45 697,087 20.54 11,749

Base 0.15 16 05/21/2013 03:00 05/29/2013 22:00 1,837,800 16.82 1,852

Storm Composite 05/29/2013 22:34 05/30/2013 01:51 0.39 194 05/29/2013 22:15 05/30/2013 04:15 1,516,230 36.44 18,363

Base 0.15 16 05/30/2013 04:30 05/31/2013 01:15 208,998 1.91 211

Storm Composite 05/31/2013 02:18 05/31/2013 03:46 0.42 162 05/31/2013 01:30 05/31/2013 05:15 395,383 10.32 3,999

Base Composite 06/03/2013 09:17 06/03/2013 20:02 0.09 21 05/31/2013 05:30 06/09/2013 01:45 1,082,400 5.74 1,419

Storm Composite 06/09/2013 03:02 06/09/2013 16:01 0.22 91 06/09/2013 02:00 06/09/2013 18:00 1,051,010 14.11 5,971

Base 0.08 18 06/09/2013 18:15 06/12/2013 09:00 179,733 0.84 197

Storm Composite 06/12/2013 09:32 06/12/2013 14:01 0.25 100 06/12/2013 09:15 06/12/2013 16:45 984,593 15.06 6,146

Base 0.08 18 06/12/2013 17:00 06/15/2013 15:00 251,431 1.18 275

Storm Composite 06/15/2013 15:34 06/15/2013 17:46 0.47 559 06/15/2013 15:15 06/15/2013 19:45 510,367 14.88 17,810

Base Composite 06/19/2013 09:02 06/20/2013 08:31 0.02 2 06/15/2013 20:00 06/21/2013 02:15 324,381 0.43 40

Storm Composite 06/21/2013 02:47 06/21/2013 05:01 0.36 126 06/21/2013 02:30 06/21/2013 09:15 1,937,020 43.65 15,236

Base 0.08 18 06/21/2013 09:30 06/21/2013 19:45 73,819 0.35 81

Storm Composite 06/21/2013 20:17 06/21/2013 21:40 0.19 130 06/21/2013 20:00 06/21/2013 23:30 1,420,660 17.21 11,529

East Kittsondale


Base 0.08 18 06/21/2013 23:45 06/22/2013 02:00 51,999 0.24 57

Storm Composite 06/22/2013 03:01 06/22/2013 05:18 0.10 23 06/22/2013 02:15 06/22/2013 11:30 993,992 6.08 1,427

Base 0.08 18 06/22/2013 11:45 06/23/2013 05:45 111,852 0.52 123

Storm 0.52 240 06/23/2013 06:00 06/23/2013 12:00 558,183 18.21 8,351

Base 0.08 18 06/23/2013 12:15 06/26/2013 13:00 314,578 1.47 345

Storm 0.52 240 06/26/2013 13:15 06/26/2013 16:15 508,253 16.58 7,604

Base 0.08 18 06/26/2013 16:30 06/29/2013 03:00 278,715 1.31 305

Storm 0.52 22 06/29/2013 03:15 06/29/2013 09:15 916,879 29.91 1,259

Base Composite 07/02/2013 08:17 07/02/2013 23:46 0.04 4 06/29/2013 09:30 07/09/2013 08:00 751,811 1.78 188

Storm Composite 07/09/2013 08:32 07/09/2013 10:16 0.33 112 07/09/2013 08:15 07/09/2013 12:00 502,919 10.42 3,516

Base 0.10 14 07/09/2013 12:15 07/13/2013 03:30 206,447 1.30 176

Storm Composite 07/13/2013 04:01 07/13/2013 06:45 0.14 57 07/13/2013 03:45 07/13/2013 10:30 2,131,540 19.03 7,585

Base Composite 07/16/2013 09:17 07/17/2013 08:47 0.08 10 07/13/2013 10:45 07/22/2013 00:00 652,681 3.26 407

Base Composite 07/29/2013 09:17 07/30/2013 05:46 0.04 3 07/22/2013 00:15 08/05/2013 02:15 896,634 2.35 168

Storm Composite 08/05/2013 03:02 08/05/2013 05:31 0.22 142 08/05/2013 02:30 08/05/2013 09:15 692,690 9.38 6,140

Base 0.06 8 08/05/2013 09:30 08/06/2013 19:15 93,637 0.35 45

Storm Composite 08/06/2013 20:02 08/06/2013 22:46 0.33 251 08/06/2013 19:30 08/07/2013 00:00 749,396 15.30 11,742

Base Composite 08/12/2013 09:17 08/13/2013 05:01 0.07 9 08/07/2013 00:15 08/14/2013 18:45 392,272 1.59 220


Base 0.06 8 08/14/2013 20:45 08/21/2013 16:15 377,757 1.42 182


Base 0.06 8 08/21/2013 18:45 08/23/2013 10:15 71,305 0.27 34


Base 0.06 8 08/23/2013 15:30 08/26/2013 07:30 105,557 0.40 51


Base Composite 08/26/2013 09:32 08/27/2013 08:31 0.05 9 08/26/2013 10:45 08/28/2013 06:45 74,406 0.25 42


Base 0.06 8 08/28/2013 11:00 08/29/2013 04:00 29,323 0.11 14

Storm Composite 08/29/2013 04:47 08/29/2013 08:16 0.26 231 08/29/2013 04:15 08/29/2013 08:45 1,412,150 23.10 20,364

Base 0.06 8 08/29/2013 09:00 09/03/2013 07:45 294,992 1.11 142



Base 0.11 19 09/03/2013 11:30 09/03/2013 13:45 3,908 0.03 5


Base 0.11 19 09/03/2013 16:00 09/04/2013 08:00 26,126 0.18 31

Illicit Discharge Grab 09/04/2013 09:25 09/04/2013 09:25 0.09 24 09/04/2013 08:15 09/04/2013 09:45 4,023 0.02 6

Base 0.11 19 09/04/2013 10:00 09/05/2013 08:45 36,958 0.26 44


Base 0.11 19 09/05/2013 11:15 09/09/2013 09:30 148,074 1.02 176

East Kittsondale



Base 0.11 19 09/09/2013 11:45 09/09/2013 16:30 8,386 0.06 10


Base Composite 09/10/2013 17:46 09/11/2013 01:31 0.06 3 09/09/2013 17:45 09/14/2013 18:00 202,883 0.80 38

Storm Composite 09/14/2013 19:32 09/14/2013 22:46 0.33 206 09/14/2013 18:15 09/15/2013 01:45 473,950 9.70 6,095

Storm Composite 09/15/2013 04:01 09/15/2013 07:16 0.17 25 09/15/2013 02:00 09/15/2013 08:45 387,336 4.11 604

Base 0.11 19 09/15/2013 09:00 09/17/2013 13:00 96,476 0.67 115

Illicit Discharge Composite 09/17/2013 13:49 09/17/2013 14:04 0.06 25 09/17/2013 13:15 09/17/2013 14:30 4,231 0.02 7

Base 0.11 19 09/17/2013 14:45 09/19/2013 10:45 281,232 1.94 334

Storm Composite 09/19/2013 11:31 09/19/2013 15:46 0.28 272 09/19/2013 11:00 09/19/2013 17:30 524,899 9.04 8,913

Base Composite 09/24/2013 10:47 09/25/2013 01:18 0.03 3 09/19/2013 17:45 10/02/2013 18:45 743,857 1.25 139

Storm Composite 10/02/2013 22:02 10/03/2013 03:16 0.17 49 10/02/2013 19:00 10/03/2013 05:15 1,552,270 16.28 4,748

Base 0.10 28 10/03/2013 05:30 10/04/2013 23:15 112,142 0.69 199

Storm 0.34 103 10/04/2013 23:30 10/05/2013 05:30 506,626 10.77 3,270

Base Composite 10/09/2013 11:02 10/10/2013 08:31 0.03 4 10/05/2013 05:45 10/11/2013 22:30 390,566 0.71 98

Storm 0.34 103 10/11/2013 22:45 10/12/2013 05:15 185,744 3.95 1,199

Base 0.10 28 10/12/2013 05:30 10/14/2013 22:15 115,061 0.71 205

Storm 0.34 103 10/14/2013 22:30 10/15/2013 09:15 1,768,940 37.60 11,418

Base Composite 10/23/2013 08:48 10/24/2013 08:32 0.06 3 10/15/2013 09:25 11/04/2013 11:45 2,542,650 9.21 476

Storm 0.69 382 11/04/2013 12:00 11/04/2013 20:45 291,140 12.50 6,943

Base Composite 11/07/2013 10:09 11/07/2013 15:31 0.02 2 11/04/2013 21:00 12/12/2013 09:45 2,489,990 3.11 311

Illicit Discharge Grab 12/12/2013 10:45 12/12/2013 10:45 0.24 26 12/12/2013 10:00 12/12/2013 11:30 3,640 0.05 6

Base 0.03 2 12/12/2013 11:45 12/31/2013 23:45 923,377 1.54 135

Snowmelt Flow-Weighted Average 0.33 22 Snowmelt Subtotal 14,504,314 302 19,920

Storm Flow-Weighted Average 0.35 184 Storm Subtotal 32,265,441 710 371,464

Base Flow-Weighted Average 0.07 11 Base Subtotal 25,113,590 113 17,106

Illicit Discharge Flow-Weighted Average 0.13 25 Illicit Discharge Subtotal 133,811 1 209

Total Flow-Weighted Average 0.25 91 Total 72,017,156 1,125 408,699

Note: Italics indicate estimated concentrations based on average historical monthly base, snowmelt and storm flow concentrations.

East Kittsondale


Phalen Creek


8 PHALEN CREEK SUBWATERSHED RESULTS

8.1 DESCRIPTION

The Phalen Creek subwatershed is the eastern-most subwatershed in CRWD (Figure 8-2). Located entirely within the city limits of St. Paul, Phalen Creek drains 1,433 acres and outlets to the Mississippi River. CRWD monitors the Phalen Creek storm sewer near its outlet to the Mississippi River at the Bruce Vento Nature Sanctuary. Land use in the Phalen Creek subwatershed is a mix of industrial, commercial, and residential with approximately 50% impervious surfaces (CRWD, 2000).

Figure 8-1: The Phalen Creek monitoring site location (left), flow-logging and sampling equipment installed inside storm tunnel (top right), and open channel entrance (bottom right).

Phalen Creek


Figure 8-2: Map of the Phalen Creek subwatershed and monitoring location.

Phalen Creek



The Phalen Creek subwatershed has been monitored for flow and water quality since 2005. From 2005 to 2008, monitoring only occurred during the spring, summer, and fall. In 2009, monitoring occurred from April to December and beginning in 2010, the subwatershed has been monitored for the full calendar year recording continuous flow data. Since 2010, one full water quality sample, at a minimum, has been collected each month. Due to these differences in monitoring period, the 2010-2013 loading and discharge data may show significant differences when compared to pre-2010 data. Stormflow data should not be affected by differences in monitoring period as all storm samples since 2005 were collected during the spring, summer, or fall. The Phalen Creek monitoring site is located close to the storm sewer’s outfall to the Mississippi River. The river occasionally backs up into the pipe interfering with the accuracy of the flow measurements. In 2013, continuous flow data was recorded for 342 out of 365 possible days. Long periods of missing data occurred May 19 to June 3 and December 27-28, 2013. In both cases the sensor became disconnected from the logger as a result of conditions in the storm sewer. Stormflow volume and pollutant loads were not calculated during these periods of missing data.

8.2.1 DISCHARGE

Total, stormflow, and baseflow discharge in 2013 were the lowest recorded since full year monitoring began in 2010 (Figure 8-3; Table 8-1). During the missing data period of May 19 to June 3, 5.28 inches of precipitation occurred and the resulting stormflow is not accounted for in the discharge total. The cumulative water yield (Figure 8-4) at Phalen Creek does not show the sharp increase in yield May 17-20 that other district monitoring sites show. This again is due to the large missing data period May 19 to June 3. The stormflow water yield shows a greater increase in mid-late June than the historical average with a lower than average yield July to October. Baseflow water yield in 2013 very closely followed the historical trend. Combined baseflow and stormflow yield was close to the historical average.

Phalen Creek


Figure 8-3: Historical total monitored discharge volumes at Phalen Creek subwatershed for baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt from 2005-2013.

0

20,000,000

40,000,000

60,000,000

80,000,000

100,000,000

120,000,000

140,000,000

160,000,000

180,000,000

200,000,000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Dis

char

ge

(cf)

Year

Snowmelt

Storm

Base



Phalen Creek


8.2.2 8.2.3 LOAD AND CONCENTRATION

Figure 8-4: Historical and 2013 cumulative water yield from Phalen Creek subwatershed for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

Phalen Creek



The baseflow TSS load (33,197 lbs) decreased in 2013 compared to 2010-2012 (Figure 8-5; Table 8-1), while the overall load increased over the past two years. In 2013, snowmelt represented a larger fraction of the overall TSS load (18%) compared to 2011 and 2012 (snowmelt was only accounted for in these two additional years). 2013 had a large snowpack and snowmelt occurred over a more prolonged period of time than recent years. Storm concentrations of TSS in 2013 from April to July were significantly lower than the historical average (Figure 8-6). More than 60% of the yearly precipitation in 2013 occurred from April to July. The low TSS concentrations combined with a majority of the stormflow resulted in stormflow TSS loading lower than all monitored years with the exception of 2010. Historically, stormflow TSS yields are relatively constant throughout the year with sharp increases in mid-September to early October coinciding with leaf fall (Figure 8-7). In 2013, significantly less than average stormflow yields occurred from July to October due to less than average precipitation during this period (Figure 8-7).

Figure 8-5: Historical total monitored TSS loads at Phalen Creek subwatershed for baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt from 2005-2013.

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

TS

S L

oad

(lb

s)

Year

Snowmelt

Storm

Base

Phalen Creek


Figure 8-6: Monthly average storm sample TSS concentrations in 2013 for Phalen Creek subwatershed and historical averages (2005-2012).

n=5

n=7

n=1

7

n=2

2

n=2

4

n=2

3

n=1

7

n=1

3

n=1

n=

1

n=2

n=6

n=1

n=3

n=3

n=2

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450


TS

S C

on

cen

trat

ion

(m

g/L

)

Month


2013

Phalen Creek


Figure 8-7: Historical and 2013 cumulative TSS yield from Phalen Creek subwatershed for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

Phalen Creek



The total TP load (1,483 lbs) in 2013 was similar to 2011 and 2012 (Figure 8-8; Table 8-1). Snowmelt represented a significant portion of the load (28%) in contrast to 2011 and 2012 while both stormflow and baseflow represented a reduced fraction of the load in 2013. Monthly stormflow TP concentrations in 2013 were less than the historical average for all months except August (Figure 8-9). The high August TP sample concentrations coincide with high TSS sample concentrations illustrating the link between sediment and phosphorus. The total phosphorus cumulative loading plot (Figure 8-10) shows a more pronounced increase in stormflow TP yields mid-May and mid-late June than the historical average. This is due in large part to uncharacteristically high precipitation during these periods in 2013. Historically, stormflow TP yields increase sharply in mid-September and early October coinciding with leaf fall (Figure 8-10). In 2013 these late season increases were less pronounced and occurred later in the year than the average. A relatively average baseflow yield combined with lower than average stormflow yields July to September resulted in an overall TP yield less than the historical average in 2013.

Figure 8-8: Historical total monitored TP loads at Phalen Creek subwatershed for baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt from 2005-2013.

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

TP

Lo

ad (

lbs)

Year

Snowmelt

Storm

Base

Phalen Creek


Figure 8-9: Monthly average storm sample TP concentrations in 2013 for Phalen Creek subwatershed and historical averages (2005-2012).

n=5

n=7

n=17

n=22

n=24

n=23

n=17

n=13

n=1

n=1

n=2

n=6

n=1

n=3

n=3

n=2

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70


TP

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg

/L)

Month


2013

Phalen Creek


Figure 8-10: Historical and 2013 cumulative TP yield from Phalen Creek subwatershed for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow

Phalen Creek


Total Nitrogen (TN)

The 2013 yearly trends in TN yield closely mirror those of TP. Baseflow yield was relatively constant throughout 2013 mimicking the historical average. Stormflow TN yield at Phalen Creek is historically constant throughout the year with slight increases in mid-September and early October (less pronounced than TP). In 2013, stormflow TN yield increased dramatically over the historical average during mid-May storm events and a relatively wet June. A drier fall resulted in 2013 combined yields close to the historical average (Figure 8-11).

Phalen Creek


Figure 8-11: Historical and 2013 cumulative TN yield from Phalen Creek subwatershed for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

Phalen Creek


Chloride (Cl-)

Chloride yields are seasonally related and largely driven by activities within the watershed such as road salt application. Historically stormflow Cl- yields at Phalen Creek are relatively constant with an increase in late October possibly related to early snowfall and subsequent road salt application. In 2013, the stormflow Cl- yield in April was significantly higher than the historical average (Figure 8-12). In 2013, the snowpack persisted into mid-April with snowmelt occurring throughout the month washing road salt off the landscape. Additionally, snow and freezing rain type precipitation persisted throughout April which necessitated further salt application. Unlike other water quality parameters reported on, baseflow yields of Cl- at Phalen Creek are not historically constant throughout the year (Figure 8-12). Baseflow also represents the majority of the yearly load of Cl-. Historically, Cl-, likely in the form of road salt, makes its way into baseflow with the majority of the baseflow yield occurring January to late March. In 2013, the baseflow Cl- yield followed the historical trend, with slightly lower yields in March and April.

Phalen Creek


Figure 8-12: Historical and 2013 cumulative Cl- yield from Phalen Creek subwatershed for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

Phalen Creek


Table 8-1: Phalen Creek subwatershed monitoring results for 2005-2013.

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013Subwatershed Area (ac) 1,433 1,433 1,433 1,433 1,433 1,433 1,433 1,433 1,433Total Rainfall (inches) 29.28 24.13 13.96 17.73 20.34 36.32 33.62 29.73 31.20Number of Monitoring Days 197 194 134 210 262 362 365 348 342Number of Storm Sampling Events 15 7 16 17 18 22 6 18 18Number of Storm Intervals 23 15 22 38 33 55 29 40 43Number of Snowmelt Sampling Events NA NA NA NA NA NA 6 2 1Number of Snowmelt Intervals NA NA NA NA NA NA 8 13 17Number of Baseflow Sampling Events 4 9 7 14 16 14 21 19 15Number of Baseflow Intervals 35 18 19 38 32 54 43 55 56Total Discharge (cf) 88,688,082 74,856,833 64,631,475 97,607,350 106,837,331 173,450,665 179,835,227 161,506,783 147,100,294Storm Flow Subtotal (cf) 28,075,754 14,451,216 25,260,005 29,007,153 30,113,506 50,698,610 38,703,641 41,442,850 32,392,177Snowmelt Flow Subtotal (cf) NA NA NA NA NA NA 9,361,953 3,153,892 15,527,373Baseflow Subtotal (cf) 60,612,328 60,405,617 39,371,470 68,600,197 76,723,824 122,752,055 131,769,633 116,910,040 99,180,744Average TSS Concentration (mg/L) 289 183 103 169 136 204 34 68 105Total FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) 185 115 105 70 80 112 28 42 49Storm FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) 535 454 164 207 277 369 92 141 165Snowmelt FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) NA NA NA NA NA NA 53 78 83Base FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) 23 34 3 11 3 5 8 6 5Total TSS Loading (lbs) 1,022,726 538,550 422,175 423,925 535,477 1,209,635 316,563 423,213 448,171Storm TSS Loading (lbs) 937,202 409,501 415,784 375,408 520,356 1,167,829 221,169 365,001 334,441Snowmelt TSS Loading (lbs) NA NA NA NA NA NA 30,974 15,357 80,533Base TSS Loading (lbs) 85,524 129,049 6,391 48,517 15,121 41,806 64,419 42,855 33,197Total TSS Yield (lb/ac) 714 376 295 296 374 844 221 295 313Normalized Total TSS Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) 42 26 24 16 18 25 6 10 11Average TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.39 0.29 0.20 0.39 0.30 0.35 0.16 0.21 0.20Total FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.22 0.20 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.19 0.13 0.15 0.16Storm FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.57 0.57 0.34 0.44 0.48 0.54 0.28 0.33 0.33Snowmelt FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.27 0.39 0.44Base FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.07 0.20 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.07 0.06Total TP Loading (lbs) 1242 914 674 1,033 1,157 2,104 1,474 1,470 1,483Storm TP Loading (lbs) 993 518 536 796 902 1,706 667 864 672Snowmelt TP Loading (lbs) NA NA NA NA NA NA 157 77 426Base TP Loading (lbs) 249 396 138 237 255 398 650 530 385Total TP Yield (lb/ac) 0.87 0.64 0.47 0.72 0.81 1.47 1.03 1.03 1.03Normalized Total TP Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04

NA: Not available. Snow melt events w ere not monitored or sampled until 2011.

Phalen Creek


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Feb2013


2013 Phalen CreekLevel, Velocity, and Discharge

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Figure 8-13: 2013 Phalen Creek level, velocity, and discharge.

Phalen Creek


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2013 Phalen CreekLevel, Discharge, and Precipitation

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1/1/2013 12:00:00 AM - 1/1/2014 12:00:00 AM


Figure 8-14: 2013 Phalen Creek level, discharge, and precipitation.

Phalen Creek


Table 8-2: 2013 Phalen Creek subwatershed laboratory data. Sample Sampling Start Sampling End Ortho-P Cl Cd Cr Cu Pb Ni Zn NH3 TKN Total P NO3 NO2 TDS TSS VSS Hardness CBOD SO4 E. coli Dissolved PType Date/Time Date/Time mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mpn/100 mL mg/LBase Grab 02/21/2013 11:15 02/21/2013 11:15 0.031 142.0 0.00020 0.00069 0.00120 0.00018 0.00069 0.01010 0.030 0.4 0.05 2.12 0.03 645 1 1 444 1.0 56.1 12 -Base Grab 03/06/2013 09:55 03/06/2013 09:55 0.030 210.0 0.00020 0.00100 0.00140 0.00054 0.00079 0.01280 0.020 0.5 0.04 1.54 0.03 794 4 2 432 1.0 56.7 6 -Base Grab 05/16/2013 09:42 05/16/2013 09:42 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 50 -Base Grab 05/16/2013 12:10 05/16/2013 12:10 0.035 154.0 0.00020 0.00075 0.00091 0.00021 0.00085 0.01360 0.020 0.5 0.06 1.89 0.03 707 4 2 448 1.0 61.0 - -Base Grab 06/03/2013 09:25 06/03/2013 09:25 0.039 132.5 0.00020 0.00120 0.00250 0.00110 0.00096 0.02100 0.080 0.7 0.13 1.40 0.12 638 10 6 416 2.1 49.0 21 -Base Grab 06/19/2013 08:55 06/19/2013 08:55 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 272 -Base Composite 06/19/2013 09:03 06/20/2013 07:01 0.026 153.6 0.00020 0.00050 0.00045 0.00010 0.00063 0.01100 0.020 0.4 0.05 2.12 0.03 656 1 1 444 4.6 61.0 - 0.027Base Composite 07/16/2013 11:14 07/17/2013 09:02 0.020 146.5 0.00020 0.00051 0.00081 0.00033 0.00057 0.00860 0.020 0.7 0.07 1.95 0.03 625 3 1 444 - - - 0.020Base Grab 07/16/2013 11:15 07/16/2013 11:15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 160 -Base Composite 07/29/2013 11:15 07/30/2013 08:32 0.037 148.6 0.00020 0.00048 0.00060 0.00010 0.00050 0.00890 0.020 0.5 0.05 1.83 0.03 678 1 1 444 - - - 0.034Base Grab 07/29/2013 11:15 07/29/2013 11:15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 291 -Base Grab 08/12/2013 09:20 08/12/2013 09:20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 99 -Base Composite 08/12/2013 09:47 08/13/2013 08:46 0.025 154.2 0.00020 0.00053 0.00073 0.00029 0.00053 0.01060 0.020 0.4 0.04 1.86 0.03 664 1 1 456 - - - 0.026Base Grab 08/26/2013 09:15 08/26/2013 09:15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,046 -Base Composite 08/26/2013 09:32 08/26/2013 20:46 0.006 157.4 0.00020 0.00055 0.00069 0.00024 0.00200 0.00940 0.020 0.7 0.05 1.54 0.03 633 5 3 432 6.8 - - 0.020Base Grab 09/10/2013 09:30 09/10/2013 09:30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 727 -Base Composite 09/10/2013 17:01 09/10/2013 21:31 0.018 149.6 0.00020 0.00055 0.00083 0.00030 0.00083 0.01170 0.020 0.4 0.05 1.77 0.03 640 3 3 424 - - - 0.020Base Grab 09/24/2013 12:05 09/24/2013 12:05 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 411 -Base Composite 09/24/2013 12:17 09/25/2013 10:46 0.025 146.4 0.00020 0.00057 0.00079 0.00026 0.00092 0.00860 0.020 0.4 0.05 1.94 0.03 635 2 2 448 - - - 0.037Base Grab 10/09/2013 11:15 10/09/2013 11:15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 126 -Base Composite 10/09/2013 11:18 10/10/2013 09:17 0.030 156.0 0.00020 0.00055 0.00095 0.01090 0.00087 0.00920 0.020 0.7 0.05 1.93 0.03 603 1 1 448 - - - 0.034Base Composite 10/23/2013 11:02 10/24/2013 09:16 0.033 144.9 0.00020 0.00051 0.00044 0.00031 0.00065 0.01040 0.020 0.4 0.05 - 0.03 636 1 1 452 - - - 0.052Base Grab 10/23/2013 10:45 10/23/2013 10:45 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 29 -Base Composite 11/07/2013 11:17 11/07/2013 22:46 0.035 138.4 0.00020 0.00053 0.00091 0.00100 0.00068 0.01110 0.020 0.2 0.07 1.85 0.03 645 1 1 460 - - - 0.064Base Grab 11/07/2013 10:10 11/07/2013 10:10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 48 -Base Grab 12/12/2013 12:00 12/12/2013 12:00 0.040 178.0 0.00020 0.00049 0.00068 0.00100 0.00058 0.00780 0.040 0.7 0.06 1.86 0.03 714 2 1 332 - - 4 0.030

Base Average 0.029 154.1 0.00020 0.00063 0.00093 0.00112 0.00080 0.01099 0.026 0.5 0.06 1.83 0.04 661 3 2 435 2.8 56.8 220 0.033

Snow melt Grab 04/03/2013 15:30 04/03/2013 15:30 0.139 118.1 0.00020 0.00120 0.00500 0.00230 0.00120 0.01670 0.190 1.1 0.22 1.27 0.03 504 9 5 312 2.3 42.9 - -Snow melt Grab 04/23/2013 14:12 04/23/2013 14:12 0.045 158.2 0.00020 0.00500 0.01030 0.01290 0.00260 0.05530 0.070 1.1 0.16 0.44 0.03 335 47 15 92 2.6 11.9 - -Storm Grab 04/09/2013 14:30 04/09/2013 14:30 0.048 90.7 0.00020 0.00310 0.00650 0.00500 0.00160 0.03090 0.150 0.7 0.11 1.17 0.03 368 13 6 236 1.6 27.8 - -Storm Grab 05/01/2013 09:30 05/01/2013 09:30 0.056 98.1 0.00020 0.00400 0.00830 0.00360 0.00150 0.03580 0.150 0.9 0.11 1.18 0.04 391 13 6 230 3.7 - 649 -Storm Composite 05/18/2013 08:35 05/18/2013 11:21 - 7.0 0.00024 0.00800 0.02590 0.02890 0.00500 0.13800 0.060 3.1 0.62 0.05 0.03 57 172 84 40 - 3.9 - -Storm Composite 06/09/2013 04:18 06/09/2013 08:18 0.040 25.2 0.00020 0.00500 0.01140 0.00800 0.00310 0.06060 0.070 1.6 0.28 0.73 0.07 149 76 31 88 6.7 9.6 - -Storm Composite 06/12/2013 09:48 06/12/2013 13:03 0.041 8.9 0.00020 0.00600 0.01520 0.02280 0.00360 0.08010 0.060 2.0 0.35 0.24 0.05 69 94 36 38 5.5 4.1 - -Storm Composite 06/15/2013 15:33 06/15/2013 18:16 0.063 7.6 0.00022 0.00850 0.02120 0.04400 0.00600 0.10700 0.060 2.8 0.50 0.24 0.03 80 454 186 56 5.0 4.7 - 0.077Storm Composite 06/21/2013 03:02 06/21/2013 05:36 0.110 7.9 0.00020 0.00510 0.01580 0.02880 0.00430 0.07480 0.220 2.0 0.43 0.38 0.03 62 152 42 36 - - - 0.129Storm Composite 06/21/2013 20:18 06/21/2013 22:31 - 8.9 0.00021 0.00740 0.01710 0.03820 0.00550 0.08280 0.070 1.2 0.34 0.26 0.03 60 197 41 60 - - - 0.071Storm Composite 06/22/2013 03:47 06/22/2013 04:10 - 5.6 0.00020 0.00290 0.00890 0.01450 0.00240 0.05270 0.060 0.9 0.17 0.27 0.03 55 48 14 40 - - - 0.050Storm Grab 07/09/2013 09:40 07/09/2013 09:40 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20,100 -Storm Composite 07/13/2013 04:33 07/13/2013 07:53 - 7.3 0.00020 0.00260 0.00860 0.01320 0.00190 0.04110 0.080 1.4 0.23 0.25 0.03 48 56 22 56 - - - 0.040Storm Composite 08/05/2013 02:48 08/05/2013 06:02 0.122 15.1 0.00020 0.00320 0.01300 0.01590 0.00290 0.08230 0.190 1.5 0.32 0.48 0.04 115 184 52 76 - - - 0.143Storm Composite 08/06/2013 20:03 08/06/2013 22:47 0.005 19.2 - - - - - - 0.020 4.4 0.72 0.35 0.03 161 754 150 128 - - - 0.020Storm Composite 08/29/2013 05:32 08/29/2013 07:01 0.006 9.0 0.00021 0.00500 0.01720 0.03100 0.00420 0.09580 0.020 2.5 0.36 0.05 0.03 57 271 105 38 - - - 0.027Storm Composite 09/14/2013 20:32 09/14/2013 22:16 0.040 19.1 0.00020 0.00540 0.01660 0.01450 0.00410 0.12600 0.020 1.7 0.35 0.36 0.03 128 109 71 68 - - - 0.103Storm Composite 09/15/2013 04:16 09/15/2013 05:47 - 25.7 0.00020 0.00170 0.00630 0.00700 0.00210 0.04000 - 1.0 0.15 0.54 0.03 - 27 14 - - - - -Storm Grab 09/18/2013 08:55 09/18/2013 08:55 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4,100 -Storm Composite 09/19/2013 11:31 09/19/2013 13:31 0.028 14.0 0.00035 0.00930 0.02700 0.04680 0.00740 0.17400 0.020 2.4 0.43 0.32 0.03 101 608 236 60 - - - 0.072Storm Composite 10/02/2013 21:47 10/03/2013 01:01 0.098 6.1 0.00020 0.00330 0.00900 0.01550 0.00260 0.05460 0.330 1.2 0.24 0.36 0.03 63 316 59 36 - - - 0.099Storm Composite 10/14/2013 23:46 10/15/2013 14:44 0.076 28.0 - - - - - - 0.020 0.7 0.18 0.34 0.03 159 24 11 - 11.0 6.5 - 0.079

Snow melt Average 0.092 138.2 0.00020 0.00310 0.00765 0.00760 0.00190 0.03600 0.130 1.1 0.19 0.86 0.03 420 28 10 202 2.5 27.4 - -Storm Average 0.056 46.0 0.00021 0.00439 0.01225 0.01775 0.00317 0.06836 0.092 1.6 0.29 0.59 0.03 207 165 54 123 4.6 18.7 - -

Annual Average 0.045 85.5 0.00021 0.00291 0.00779 0.01120 0.00224 0.04586 0.066 1.2 0.20 1.03 0.03 379 105 35 249 3.9 30.4 1,564 0.055Annual Maximum 0.139 210.0 0.00035 0.00930 0.02700 0.04680 0.00740 0.17400 0.330 4.4 0.72 2.12 0.12 794 754 236 460 11.0 61.0 20,100 0.143Annual Minimum 0.005 5.6 0.00020 0.00048 0.00044 0.00010 0.00050 0.00780 0.020 0.2 0.04 0.05 0.03 48 1 1 36 1.0 3.9 4 0.020Annual Median 0.036 98.1 0.00020 0.00170 0.00630 0.00500 0.00160 0.03090 0.025 0.9 0.15 0.95 0.03 380 13 6 236 3.2 27.8 143 0.040


- Not collected

Phalen Creek


Table 8-3: 2013 Phalen Creek subwatershed loading table.

Sample Type Sample Collection Time TP

(mg/L) TSS(mg/L)


Interval TP (lb)


Base 0.07 8 01/01/2013 00:00 01/10/2013 17:45 2,917,360 12.42 1,421 Snowmelt 0.47 87 01/10/2013 18:00 01/12/2013 20:00 968,918 28.43 5,262 Base 0.07 8 01/12/2013 20:15 01/28/2013 09:30 4,690,250 19.97 2,284 Snowmelt 0.47 87 01/28/2013 09:45 01/30/2013 10:00 750,846 22.03 4,078 Base 0.07 8 01/30/2013 10:15 02/12/2013 11:45 4,065,810 17.31 1,980 Snowmelt 0.47 87 02/12/2013 12:00 02/15/2013 03:15 1,057,110 31.02 5,741 Base Grab 02/21/2013 11:15 02/21/2013 11:15 0.05 1 02/15/2013 03:30 02/24/2013 11:30 2,902,940 9.06 181 Snowmelt 0.47 87 02/24/2013 11:45 02/27/2013 12:00 1,039,950 30.51 5,648 Base 0.08 14 02/28/2013 11:00 03/01/2013 14:00 381,711 1.82 345 Snowmelt 0.47 87 03/01/2013 14:15 03/02/2013 01:00 186,302 5.47 1,012 Base 0.07 12 03/02/2013 01:15 03/02/2013 12:30 160,474 0.69 124 Snowmelt 0.47 87 03/02/2013 12:45 03/03/2013 01:00 238,629 7.00 1,296 Base 0.07 12 03/03/2013 01:15 03/03/2013 12:30 164,441 0.71 127 Snowmelt 0.47 87 03/03/2013 12:45 03/04/2013 01:45 241,684 7.09 1,313 Base Grab 03/06/2013 09:55 03/06/2013 09:55 0.04 4 03/04/2013 02:00 03/07/2013 12:00 1,182,310 2.95 295 Snowmelt 0.47 87 03/07/2013 12:15 03/08/2013 02:30 265,775 7.80 1,443 Base 0.07 12 03/08/2013 02:45 03/08/2013 12:45 141,367 0.61 109 Snowmelt 0.47 87 03/08/2013 13:00 03/09/2013 03:15 349,864 10.27 1,900 Storm 0.25 58 03/09/2013 03:30 03/11/2013 12:15 2,224,580 34.86 8,005 Base 0.07 12 03/11/2013 12:30 03/13/2013 11:30 711,202 3.05 551 Snowmelt 0.47 87 03/13/2013 11:45 03/17/2013 02:45 1,820,460 53.41 9,887 Base 0.07 12 03/17/2013 03:00 03/21/2013 11:45 1,512,420 6.50 1,171 Snowmelt 0.47 87 03/21/2013 12:00 03/24/2013 05:15 1,178,800 34.59 6,402 Base 0.07 12 03/24/2013 05:30 03/25/2013 11:30 423,239 1.82 328 Snowmelt 0.47 87 03/25/2013 11:45 03/30/2013 04:30 2,627,810 77.10 14,272 Storm 0.25 58 03/30/2013 04:45 03/31/2013 12:00 1,601,790 25.10 5,764 Snowmelt 0.47 87 03/31/2013 12:15 03/31/2013 22:00 228,581 6.71 1,241 Base 0.07 12 03/31/2013 22:15 04/06/2013 16:00 2,097,320 9.01 1,624 Storm 0.28 116 04/06/2013 16:15 04/07/2013 01:00 215,463 3.79 1,561 Base 0.05 4 04/07/2013 01:15 04/07/2013 22:15 307,683 0.98 70 Storm 0.28 116 04/07/2013 22:30 04/08/2013 13:30 1,179,780 20.77 8,550 Base 0.05 4 04/08/2013 13:45 04/09/2013 08:00 285,848 0.91 65 Storm Grab 04/09/2013 14:30 04/09/2013 14:30 0.11 13 04/09/2013 08:15 04/11/2013 03:15 1,152,500 7.91 935 Snowmelt 0.47 87 04/11/2013 03:30 04/13/2013 02:45 1,444,110 42.37 7,843 Base 0.05 4 04/13/2013 03:00 04/14/2013 10:45 505,054 1.60 115

Phalen Creek


Snowmelt 0.47 87 04/14/2013 11:00 04/15/2013 05:30 771,900 22.65 4,192 Base 0.05 4 04/15/2013 05:45 04/17/2013 18:15 996,460 3.16 227 Storm 0.28 116 04/17/2013 18:30 04/18/2013 11:00 570,823 10.05 4,137 Storm 0.28 116 04/18/2013 11:15 04/21/2013 11:30 1,970,360 34.69 14,279 Snowmelt 0.47 87 04/21/2013 11:45 04/22/2013 13:30 835,924 24.53 4,540 Snowmelt Grab 04/23/2013 14:12 04/23/2013 14:12 0.16 47 04/22/2013 13:45 04/24/2013 07:30 1,520,710 15.19 4,462 Base 0.05 4 04/24/2013 07:45 04/28/2013 21:15 1,502,970 4.77 343 Storm 0.28 116 04/28/2013 21:30 04/29/2013 05:30 176,991 3.12 1,283 Base 0.05 4 04/29/2013 05:45 05/01/2013 03:30 600,161 1.91 137 Storm Grab 05/01/2013 09:30 05/01/2013 09:30 0.11 13 05/01/2013 03:45 05/02/2013 11:00 912,873 6.27 741 Base 0.09 24 05/02/2013 11:15 05/03/2013 07:45 260,576 1.43 389 Storm 0.44 248 05/03/2013 07:50 05/04/2013 03:50 523,820 14.32 8,112 Storm 0.44 248 05/04/2013 03:55 05/04/2013 18:55 348,956 9.54 5,404 Base 0.09 24 05/04/2013 19:00 05/08/2013 19:45 1,194,310 6.57 1,784 Storm 0.44 248 05/08/2013 20:00 05/10/2013 02:15 654,680 17.90 10,139 Base Grab 05/16/2013 12:10 05/16/2013 12:10 0.06 4 05/10/2013 02:30 05/17/2013 14:45 2,051,450 7.68 512 Storm 0.44 248 05/17/2013 15:00 05/17/2013 19:30 190,048 5.20 2,943 Base 0.09 24 05/17/2013 19:45 05/18/2013 06:45 138,596 0.76 207 Storm Composite 05/18/2013 08:35 05/18/2013 11:21 0.62 172 05/18/2013 07:00 05/18/2013 16:15 1,008,210 39.02 10,825 Base 0.09 24 05/18/2013 16:30 05/19/2013 06:15 181,387 1.00 271 Storm 0.44 248 05/19/2013 06:30 05/19/2013 15:30 394,008 10.77 6,102 Base 0.09 24 05/25/2013 11:00 05/29/2013 20:30 1,240,050 6.82 1,853 Base Grab 06/03/2013 09:25 06/03/2013 09:25 0.13 10 05/31/2013 22:00 06/05/2013 07:30 1,264,590 10.26 789 Base 0.08 10 06/05/2013 07:45 06/09/2013 02:15 1,193,030 5.61 713 Storm Composite 06/09/2013 04:18 06/09/2013 08:18 0.28 76 06/09/2013 02:30 06/10/2013 00:15 687,414 12.02 3,261 Base 0.08 10 06/10/2013 00:30 06/12/2013 08:45 698,143 3.29 417 Storm Composite 06/12/2013 09:48 06/12/2013 13:03 0.35 94 06/12/2013 09:00 06/12/2013 21:45 935,267 20.43 5,488 Base 0.08 10 06/12/2013 22:00 06/15/2013 15:00 828,815 3.90 495 Storm Composite 06/15/2013 15:33 06/15/2013 18:16 0.50 454 06/15/2013 15:15 06/15/2013 20:00 1,027,690 32.08 29,126 Base Composite 06/19/2013 09:03 06/20/2013 07:01 0.05 1 06/15/2013 20:15 06/21/2013 02:15 1,605,170 5.01 100 Storm Composite 06/21/2013 03:02 06/21/2013 05:36 0.43 152 06/21/2013 02:30 06/21/2013 09:00 1,548,480 41.57 14,693 Base 0.08 10 06/21/2013 09:15 06/21/2013 19:30 179,644 0.85 107 Storm Composite 06/21/2013 20:18 06/21/2013 22:31 0.34 197 06/21/2013 19:45 06/22/2013 02:30 2,576,368 54.68 31,684 Storm Composite 06/22/2013 03:47 06/22/2013 04:10 0.17 48 06/22/2013 02:45 06/22/2013 09:30 656,202 6.96 1,966 Base 0.08 10 06/22/2013 09:45 06/23/2013 05:45 301,005 1.42 180 Storm 0.54 337 06/23/2013 06:00 06/23/2013 10:00 403,815 13.54 8,487 Base 0.08 10 06/23/2013 10:15 06/26/2013 13:25 1,646,750 7.75 984 Storm 0.54 337 06/26/2013 13:30 06/26/2013 15:30 250,585 8.40 5,266 Base 0.08 10 06/26/2013 15:35 06/28/2013 18:35 1,439,850 6.78 860

Phalen Creek


Storm 0.54 337 06/28/2013 18:40 06/28/2013 20:05 141,279 4.74 2,969 Base 0.08 10 06/28/2013 20:10 06/29/2013 03:00 197,511 0.93 118 Storm 0.54 337 06/29/2013 03:05 06/29/2013 06:20 903,691 30.29 18,992 Base 0.08 10 06/29/2013 06:25 07/09/2013 08:10 7,191,730 33.84 4,296 Storm 0.46 297 07/09/2013 08:15 07/09/2013 11:20 957,138 27.60 17,764 Base 0.06 14 07/09/2013 11:25 07/13/2013 03:30 950,372 3.84 842 Storm Composite 07/13/2013 04:33 07/13/2013 07:53 0.23 56 07/13/2013 03:45 07/13/2013 15:00 1,431,160 20.55 5,003 Base Composite 07/16/2013 11:14 07/17/2013 09:02 0.07 3 07/13/2013 15:15 07/19/2013 01:15 1,334,460 5.83 250 Storm 0.46 297 07/19/2013 01:30 07/19/2013 08:00 170,799 4.93 3,170 Base Composite 07/29/2013 11:15 07/30/2013 08:32 0.05 1 07/19/2013 08:15 08/05/2013 02:00 4,216,133 13.16 263 Storm Composite 08/05/2013 02:48 08/05/2013 06:02 0.32 194 08/05/2013 02:15 08/05/2013 10:00 501,271 10.01 6,071 Base 0.05 7 08/05/2013 10:15 08/06/2013 19:15 340,011 1.15 152 Storm Composite 08/06/2013 20:03 08/06/2013 22:47 0.72 754 08/06/2013 19:30 08/07/2013 00:45 314,750 14.15 14,815 Base Composite 08/12/2013 09:47 08/13/2013 08:46 0.04 1 08/07/2013 01:00 08/20/2013 06:00 4,131,940 10.32 258 Base Composite 08/26/2013 09:32 08/26/2013 20:46 0.05 5 08/20/2013 06:15 08/29/2013 04:45 2,837,910 8.86 886 Storm Composite 08/29/2013 05:32 08/29/2013 07:01 0.36 271 08/29/2013 05:00 08/29/2013 10:15 779,193 17.51 13,182 Base Composite 09/10/2013 17:01 09/10/2013 21:31 0.05 3 08/29/2013 10:30 09/14/2013 19:00 4,845,670 15.12 907 Storm Composite 09/14/2013 20:32 09/14/2013 22:16 0.35 109 09/14/2013 19:15 09/15/2013 02:30 363,961 7.95 2,477 Storm Composite 09/15/2013 04:16 09/15/2013 05:47 0.15 27 09/15/2013 02:45 09/15/2013 09:15 218,368 2.04 368 Base 0.06 3 09/15/2013 09:30 09/18/2013 05:15 790,543 2.93 169 Storm 0.34 235 09/18/2013 05:30 09/18/2013 10:15 155,492 3.32 2,276 Base 0.06 3 09/18/2013 10:30 09/19/2013 11:00 274,441 1.02 59 Storm Composite 09/19/2013 11:31 09/19/2013 13:31 0.43 608 09/19/2013 11:15 09/19/2013 18:15 374,692 10.06 14,221 Base Composite 09/24/2013 12:17 09/25/2013 10:46 0.05 2 09/19/2013 18:30 09/28/2013 10:15 2,289,130 7.15 286 Storm 0.34 235 09/28/2013 10:30 09/28/2013 18:30 187,479 4.00 2,744 Base 0.06 3 09/28/2013 18:45 10/02/2013 19:00 1,128,640 4.18 241 Storm Composite 10/02/2013 21:47 10/03/2013 01:01 0.24 316 10/02/2013 19:15 10/03/2013 06:30 1,368,040 20.50 26,987 Base 0.07 4 10/03/2013 06:45 10/04/2013 23:00 574,707 2.42 144 Storm 0.36 137 10/04/2013 23:15 10/05/2013 06:15 492,883 11.05 4,208 Base Composite 10/09/2013 11:18 10/10/2013 09:17 0.05 1 10/05/2013 06:30 10/11/2013 22:30 2,065,850 6.45 129 Storm 0.36 137 10/11/2013 22:45 10/12/2013 05:00 184,772 4.14 1,577

Base 0.07 4 10/12/2013 05:15 10/14/2013 22:15 894,084 3.76 223

Storm Composite 10/14/2013 23:46 10/15/2013 14:44 0.18 24 10/14/2013 22:30 10/15/2013 20:45 1,456,000 16.36 2,181

Base 0.07 4 10/15/2013 21:00 10/17/2013 20:15 679,150 2.86 170

Storm 0.36 137 10/17/2013 20:30 10/18/2013 11:30 560,790 12.57 4,787

Base 0.07 4 10/18/2013 11:45 10/20/2013 19:30 874,279 3.68 218

Base Composite 10/23/2013 11:02 10/24/2013 09:16 0.05 1 10/20/2013 19:45 11/04/2013 11:45 4,762,880 14.87 297

Storm 0.44 49 11/04/2013 12:00 11/04/2013 21:15 246,661 6.76 755

Base Composite 11/07/2013 11:17 11/07/2013 22:46 0.07 1 11/04/2013 21:30 11/16/2013 12:30 4,109,471 17.96 257

Phalen Creek


Storm 0.44 49 11/16/2013 12:45 11/17/2013 04:45 373,055 10.22 1,141

Base Grab 12/12/2013 12:00 12/12/2013 12:00 0.06 2 11/17/2013 05:00 12/26/2013 23:45 13,891,746 52.03 1,734

Base 0.06 2 12/28/2013 00:00 12/31/2013 23:45 1,027,700 4.07 139






Phalen Creek


St. Anthony Park


9 ST. ANTHONY PARK SUBWATERSHED RESULTS

9.1 DESCRIPTION

The St. Anthony Park subwatershed has a drainage area of 3,418 acres and is the western-most subwatershed monitored by CRWD. CRWD monitors the storm sewer outlet of the St. Anthony Park subwatershed where it directly flows into the Mississippi River at Desnoyer Park in St. Paul (Figure 9-2). The subwatershed is primarily comprised of industrial and residential land uses with 48% impervious surface land coverage. CRWD also monitors a 929 acre upland subwatershed of St. Anthony Park called Sarita. The Sarita subwatershed is monitored in a storm sewer at the outlet of the Sarita Wetland near Como Avenue (Figure 9-2). The Sarita subwatershed has substantially different land use than any other CRWD subwatershed because it encompasses the Minnesota State Fair Grounds and the University of Minnesota St. Paul Campus where open space dominates. The predominant land use within the Sarita subwatershed is institutional with 16% impervious surface coverage.

Figure 9-1: The St. Anthony Park monitoring site location (left, top right); and Sarita Outlet monitoring site location (bottom right).

St. Anthony Park


Figure 9-2: Map of the St. Anthony Park subwatershed and monitoring location.

St. Anthony Park


9.2 2013 MONITORING SUMMARY – ST. ANTHONY PARK

The St. Anthony Park site has been monitored for flow and water quality since 2005, with year-round monitoring beginning in 2009. Beginning in 2009, flow monitoring equipment was installed for the full calendar year and a minimum of one full water quality sample has been collected and analyzed each month. Due to these differences in monitoring period, the 2009-2013 load and discharge data may show a significant difference when compared to pre-2009 data. Stormflow data should not be affected by differences in monitoring period as all storm samples since 2005 were collected during the spring, summer, or fall. The St. Anthony Park monitoring site is located directly at the outfall to the Mississippi River. Its close proximity to the river can make monitoring difficult because of the influence of the river which often backs up into the storm sewer. The storm sewer has a steep gradient resulting in very high velocity flows during storm events. These high velocities increase the risk of monitoring equipment becoming dislodged or damaged. Because of equipment issues and site characteristics, significant portions of data have been lost each year. 22 days of discharge data from June 21 to July 12, 2013 was lost after the sensor became dislodged from the bottom of the storm sewer channel. Discharge and loads are not calculated for missing data periods. With 351 days monitored, the 2013 dataset is the most complete yearly record collected at St. Anthony Park.

9.2.1 DISCHARGE

2013 had the highest recorded total discharge volume (147,100,294 cf) since full-year monitoring began in 2010. Baseflow historically makes up the majority of the total discharge at St. Anthony Park and the 2013 baseflow discharge (99,180,744 cf) was also the highest recorded since 2009 (Figure 9-3; Table 9-1). 2013 has a more complete yearly record than previous years, which partly explains these observations. However, greater snowpack in 2013 likely contributed to greater groundwater recharge and therefore higher baseflow volumes.

St. Anthony Park


Figure 9-3: Historical total monitored discharge volumes at St. Anthony Park subwatershed for baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt from 2005-2013.

0

50,000,000

100,000,000

150,000,000

200,000,000

250,000,000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

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char

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St. Anthony Park



Figure 9-4: Historical and 2013 cumulative water yield from St. Anthony Park subwatershed for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow

St. Anthony Park



The St. Anthony Park storm sewer tunnel passes through bedrock composed of St. Peter Sandstone. The tunnel has a concrete liner, but cracks and holes allow sandstone to be washed into the tunnel and into the Mississippi River. This sandstone contributes to both stormflow and baseflow TSS loading. A repair project was begun in 2010 and Figure 9-5 shows that TSS loading has decreased each year since 2010, with the exception of 2013 which shows a sharp increase in load. The repair project is expected to be completed in 2014 and future monitoring will show the impacts, if any, of the repair work. The 2013 storm load is one of the highest on record. No analysis was conducted to determine if this was a function of increased monitoring period. The baseflow load in 2013 showed a decrease from recent years. Despite a high storm TSS load, the monthly average storm TSS concentrations in 2013 were lower than the historical average with the exception of August (Figure 9-6). The total number of storm samples taken in 2013 (8 samples) is low compared to previous years, in particular 2005-2010 (Table 9-1). Because each month had a low number of storm samples in 2013, comparison to the historical data should be made with caution. The St. Anthony Park cumulative yield plots (Figure 9-7) show that historically both stormflow and baseflow TSS yields are fairly constant throughout the year with increases occurring in late April and late September. In 2013, the May 17 to May 20 events produced a large increase in TSS yield; far greater than the historical average for the time of year. The remainder of 2013 produced lower than average yields and the overall TSS yield was significantly less than the historical average.

St. Anthony Park


Figure 9-5: Historical total monitored TSS loads at St. Anthony Park subwatershed for baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt from 2005-2013.

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2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

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oad

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s)

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St. Anthony Park


Figure 9-6: Monthly average storm sample TSS concentrations in 2013 for St. Anthony Park subwatershed and historical averages (2005-2012).

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St. Anthony Park


Figure 9-7: Historical and 2013 cumulative TSS yield from St. Anthony Park subwatershed for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

St. Anthony Park



The TP load in 2013 (1,301 lbs) was not significantly different from previously monitored years (Figure 9-8); although it was the second highest load since full year monitoring began in 2009. The increase in the 2013 load is due in large part to the contribution of snowmelt. This snowmelt contribution, however, is calculated based on 4 samples taken 2012 and 2013 (2 each year). In future monitoring years, a greater effort will be made to sample snowmelt events and consistently report their contribution to discharge and loading. Stormflow and baseflow TP loads in 2013 were relatively consistent with 2009-2012. Monthly storm TP concentrations in 2013 were lower than the historical averages with the exception of August, which was significantly higher than the average (Figure 9-9). However, a low number of storm events were sampled in 2013 due to equipment issues. This resulted in the use of historical average concentrations for most storm intervals in 2013 when calculating loads, which could explain the minimal variation in TP load from previous monitoring years.

Figure 9-8: Historical total monitored TP loads at St. Anthony Park subwatershed for baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt from 2005-2013.

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500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

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St. Anthony Park


Figure 9-9: Monthly average storm sample TP concentrations in 2013 for St. Anthony Park subwatershed and historical averages (2005-2012).

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St. Anthony Park


Figure 9-10: Historical and 2013 cumulative TP yield from St. Anthony Park subwatershed for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

St. Anthony Park


Total Nitrogen (TN)

At St. Anthony Park, stormflow and baseflow historically have contributed approximately equal shares of the overall total nitrogen yield. Historically, both the stormflow and baseflow TN yield increases have been constant over the course of the year with slight increases in mid to late September (Figure 9-11). In 2013, the May 18-20 storm events produced the majority of the TN yield (Figure 9-11), while reduced yield June through October resulted in a total yield significantly less than the historical average. The baseflow TN yield in 2013 was fairly consistent with the historical average, although there was an increase in yield mid-May to early June that deviated from the historical trend.

St. Anthony Park


Figure 9-11: Historical and 2013 cumulative TN yield from St. Anthony Park subwatershed for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

St. Anthony Park


Chloride (Cl-)

Historically at St. Anthony Park, the stormflow chloride yield represents a very small fraction of the total yield, with the majority coming from baseflow. Historical baseflow Cl- data at St. Anthony Park from January to March is not very robust and accounts for the abrupt jump in yield seen in Figure 9-12. During the normal period of snowmelt from March through April most CRWD sites show a large increase in Cl- yield. However, at St. Anthony Park there is not historically a significant increase. The 2013 Cl- yield showed a higher overall yield than the historical average, but continued the trend of not reflecting a large March to April increase. Because the St. Anthony Park monitoring site is located directly at the outfall to the Mississippi River, it is possible that river water backing up into the pipe is sufficient to dilute the storm sewer flow and result in samples with lower Cl- concentrations than are actually found further upstream in the storm sewer.

St. Anthony Park


Figure 9-12: Historical and 2013 cumulative Cl- yield from St. Anthony Park subwatershed for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

St. Anthony Park


9.3 2013 MONITORING SUMMARY - SARITA

Sarita has been monitored for flow and water quality since 2006. It is generally monitored from late March to mid-November. Sarita does not have baseflow, but may discharge for a prolonged period following large precipitation events. The number of monitoring days has not varied significantly year-to-year (Table 9-4). During the spring and early summer of 2013, various improvements were made to the Sarita wetland to increase its storage capacity and the residence time of water passing through it. Additionally, an access bridge was added to the outlet structure. Construction of this bridge took place mid-August to mid-September and disturbed the soil in the immediate vicinity of the outlet structure. Erosion control blankets and a floating silt curtain were used to reduce erosion and sediment transport into the storm sewer.

9.3.1 DISCHARGE

Discharge from the Sarita wetland in 2013 (16,792,317 cf) was higher than any previously monitored year. The number of storm intervals, monitoring days, and rainfall amount during the period monitored is similar to 2010-2012 (Figure 9-13; Table 9-4). The improvements to the wetland would be expected to result in reduced flow. However, in 2013, the majority of the yearly precipitation likely occurred before construction activities were completed. Figure 9-14 shows that the majority of the discharge occurred May through June, in which nearly 40% of the yearly precipitation occurred, while increases in water yield for the rest of the monitoring year followed the historical trend.

St. Anthony Park


Figure 9-13: Historical total monitored discharge volumes at Sarita for stormflow from 2006-2013.

Figure 9-14: Historical and 2013 cumulative water yield from Sarita for stormflow.

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2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

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St. Anthony Park


9.3.2 LOAD AND CONCENTRATION - SARITA


The 2013 TSS load (63,090) was the highest on record (Figure 9-15; Table 9-4). The high suspended solids loads could be a result of construction activities in the wetland re-suspending sediment. The monthly concentration data (Figure 9-16) shows that May and June in particular had concentrations well above the historical average. This period in 2013 experienced the highest amount of rainfall, and if combined with wetland reconstruction, a significant amount of sediment could have been exported. Large storm events on May 18 (3.98 inches in 4 days) and June 21 (3.21 inches in 2 days) accounted for a combined 39% of the total TSS load. Figure 9-17 shows the large increase in yield resulting from the two events, far above the historical average for the site.

Figure 9-15: Historical total monitored TSS loads at Sarita for stormflow from 2006-2013.

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10,000

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30,000

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50,000

60,000

70,000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

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S L

oad

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Year

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St. Anthony Park


Figure 9-16: Monthly average storm sample TSS concentrations in 2013 for Sarita and historical averages (2006-2012).

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2013

St. Anthony Park


Figure 9-17: Historical and 2013 cumulative TSS yield from Sarita for stormflow.


The TP load in 2013 (190 lbs) was the highest on record (Figure 9-18; Table 9-4) for Sarita. The high TP load is likely related to the high TSS load. Therefore activities that affected sediment transport, also likely affected phosphorus export from the wetland. The monthly concentrations of TP were significantly higher than the historical average in May and June 2013 (Figure 9-19). These high concentrations combined with high discharge resulted in the majority of the yearly TP yield occurring from May to June 2013 (Figure 9-20).

St. Anthony Park


Figure 9-18: Historical total monitored TP loads at Sarita for stormflow from 2006-2013.

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2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

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St. Anthony Park


Figure 9-19: Monthly average storm sample TP concentrations in 2013 for Sarita and historical averages (2006-2012).

Figure 9-20: Historical and 2013 cumulative TP yield from Sarita for stormflow.

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St. Anthony Park


Total Nitrogen (TN)

The total nitrogen yield in 2013 from Sarita was significantly higher than the historical average (Figure 9-21). Like the TSS and TP yields, this was due in large part to two major events in May and June. The yield from August through October closely followed the historical trend of a slow consistent increase in yield.

Figure 9-21: Historical and 2013 cumulative TN yield from Sarita for stormflow.

Chloride (Cl-)

Historical chloride yields at Sarita follow a slightly different pattern than other District monitoring sites. At sites where baseflow is present year-round, the majority of the Cl- yield comes from this baseflow and not stormflow. Sarita only experiences stormflow and is not monitored for snowmelt volume, which may explain the different trends in Cl- yields. Increases in stormflow Cl- yield historically occur in late May and late July into early August (Figure 9-22). In 2013, major increases in Cl- yield occurred mid-May, late June, and late August, all of which deviated from the historical trend. The increases in May and June correspond to increases in other measured parameters resulting from large storm events. The increase in late August occurred during a relatively dry period of 2013. The Minnesota State Fair grounds are within the Sarita subwatershed, and the late August increase coincides with the dates of the State Fair. Therefore the increase in Cl- yield may have been caused by fair related activities. However, no similar increases are shown in the historical data during the State Fair time period.

St. Anthony Park


Figure 9-22: Historical and 2013 cumulative Cl- yield from Sarita for stormflow.

St. Anthony Park


Table 9-1: St. Anthony Park subwatershed monitoring results for 2005-2013.

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013Subwatershed Area (ac) 3,418 3,418 3,418 3,418 3,418 3,418 3,418 3,418 3,418Total Rainfall (inches) 28.27 24.13 23.99 9.95 18.72 26.84 29.24 29.71 34.00Number of Monitoring Days 191 192 215 126 218 188 269 334 351Number of Storm Sampling Events 44 21 19 12 25 17 7 5 8Number of Storm Intervals 9 23 33 24 38 44 17 30 30Number of Snowmelt Sampling Events NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 2 2Number of Snowmelt Intervals NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 3 24Number of Base Sampling Events 3 7 11 12 16 9 19 14 15Number of Baseflow Intervals 28 23 32 25 24 41 28 33 45Total Discharge (cf) 191,591,247 145,671,734 209,782,937 57,793,346 99,163,464 117,851,525 115,056,718 103,140,522 139,036,000Storm Flow Subtotal (cf) 65,769,117 49,091,775 60,484,181 19,865,767 41,313,601 57,480,844 26,284,149 37,566,038 30,798,646Snowmelt Subtotal (cf) NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 3,099,892 18,726,594Baseflow Subtotal (cf) 119,056,352 96,579,959 149,298,756 37,927,579 57,849,863 60,370,681 88,572,569 62,373,370 89,510,760Average TSS Concentration (mg/L) 124 108 145 129 138 149 89 75 102Total FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) 66 62 72 92 95 123 73 63 93Storm FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) 146 152 205 247 176 238 214 71 284Snowmelt FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 181 117Base FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) 21 16 18 10 38 13 31 53 22Total TSS Loading (lbs) 787,976 564,202 941,282 330,829 589,228 904,150 524,922 408,192 804,368Storm TSS Loading (lbs) 599,259 465,259 774,686 306,571 453,744 853,968 353,893 165,371 546,783Snowmelt TSS Loading (lbs) NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 34,992 136,847Base TSS Loading (lbs) 153,661 98,943 166,595 24,258 135,484 50,182 171,030 206,376 120,738Total TSS Yield (lb/ac) 231 165 275 97 172 250 154 136 235Normalized Total TSS Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) 15 14 16 21 22 28 17 14 21Average TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.23 0.22 0.19 0.13 0.14Total FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.17 0.14 0.13 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.13 0.13 0.15Storm FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.23 0.27 0.27 0.33 0.29 0.30 0.26 0.19 0.30Snowmelt FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.00 0.15 0.26Base FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.14 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.06 0.09 0.10 0.08Total TP Loading (lbs) 1999 1,307 1,668 561 1,070 1,313 944 867 1,316Storm TP Loading (lbs) 942 820 1,031 406 738 1,091 431 440 571Snowmelt TP Loading (lbs) NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 30 302Base TP Loading (lbs) 1022 487 636 155 332 222 513 396 443Total TP Yield (lb/ac) 0.58 0.38 0.49 0.16 0.31 0.38 0.28 0.25 0.39Normalized Total TP Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03


St. Anthony Park


Figure 9-23: 2013 St. Anthony Park level, velocity, and discharge.

0

2

4

6

0

5

10

0

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400

600

Feb2013


2013 St. Anthony ParkLevel, Velocity, and Discharge

ftft/

scf

s

1/1/2013 12:00:00 AM - 1/1/2014 12:00:00 AM


St. Anthony Park


0

2

4

6

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400

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0.0

0.5

1.0

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Feb2013


2013 St. Anthony ParkLevel, Discharge, and Precipitation

ftcf

sin

1/1/2013 12:00:00 AM - 1/1/2014 12:00:00 AM


Figure 9-24: 2013 St. Anthony Park level, discharge, and precipitation.

St. Anthony Park


Table 9-2: 2013 St. Anthony Park subwatershed laboratory data.

Sample Sampling Start Sampling End Ortho-P Cl Cd Cr Cu Pb Ni Zn NH3 TKN Total P NO3 NO2 TDS TSS VSS Hardness CBOD SO4 E. coli Dissolved PType Date/Time Date/Time mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mpn/100 mL mg/LBase Grab 02/21/2013 08:45 02/21/2013 08:45 0.005 105.0 0.00020 0.00230 0.00920 0.00098 0.08710 0.02950 0.260 0.7 0.02 0.83 0.03 606 41 13 400 1.0 161.0 8 -Base Grab 03/06/2013 08:15 03/06/2013 08:15 0.005 192.0 0.00031 0.00600 0.01900 0.01060 0.06300 0.03770 0.180 3.2 0.25 0.64 0.03 736 150 63 320 1.0 98.5 210 -Base Composite 05/15/2013 08:27 05/16/2013 07:57 0.005 255.4 0.00020 0.00220 0.00520 0.00087 0.01270 0.02470 0.300 1.2 0.05 1.22 0.03 852 34 4 456 1.9 74.7 - -Base Grab 05/16/2013 08:25 05/16/2013 08:25 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16 -Base Grab 06/03/2013 08:40 06/03/2013 08:40 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 60 -Base Composite 06/03/2013 08:48 06/03/2013 23:16 0.005 340.0 0.00020 0.00095 0.00360 0.00100 0.00500 0.02310 0.200 0.9 0.07 1.36 0.03 943 15 7 404 2.3 57.5 - -Base Grab 06/19/2013 08:15 06/19/2013 08:15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 55 -Base Composite 06/19/2013 08:47 06/20/2013 07:16 0.005 316.9 0.00020 0.00140 0.00520 0.00130 0.00540 0.02460 0.150 1.1 0.09 1.60 0.05 906 29 8 432 3.7 70.5 - 0.026Base Grab 07/16/2013 08:30 07/16/2013 08:30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 170 -Base Composite 07/16/2013 08:38 07/17/2013 08:08 0.005 305.3 0.00020 0.00070 0.00500 0.00078 0.00470 0.01630 0.040 2.0 0.09 1.21 0.04 729 14 8 364 - - - 0.020Base Grab 07/29/2013 08:45 07/29/2013 08:45 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 27 -Base Grab 07/30/2013 08:20 07/30/2013 08:20 0.021 41.5 0.00020 0.00029 0.00150 0.00010 0.00170 0.00290 0.020 0.9 0.06 0.48 0.03 212 10 3 224 - - - 0.039Base Grab 08/12/2013 08:30 08/12/2013 08:30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 64 -Base Grab 08/13/2013 10:50 08/13/2013 10:50 0.005 259.4 0.00020 0.00062 0.00480 0.00030 0.00660 0.00800 0.240 0.9 0.04 1.48 0.04 733 9 4 424 - - - 0.020Base Grab 08/26/2013 08:20 08/26/2013 08:20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 47 -Base Composite 08/26/2013 09:02 08/27/2013 07:31 0.006 254.1 0.00020 0.00150 0.00630 0.00100 0.00910 0.02290 0.110 1.2 0.09 1.37 0.04 823 22 6 472 5.7 - - 0.049Base Grab 09/10/2013 08:40 09/10/2013 08:40 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 46 -Base Composite 09/10/2013 17:01 09/11/2013 07:31 0.005 218.1 0.00020 0.00200 0.01200 0.00440 0.00900 0.03920 0.070 0.9 0.08 1.22 0.06 735 24 8 80 - - - 0.020Base Grab 09/24/2013 08:35 09/24/2013 08:35 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 115 -Base Composite 09/24/2013 10:48 09/25/2013 07:31 0.005 245.2 0.00020 0.00110 0.00420 0.00120 0.00850 0.01500 0.100 1.0 0.06 1.34 0.04 823 16 5 468 - - - 0.020Base Grab 10/09/2013 08:25 10/09/2013 08:25 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 157 -Base Composite 10/09/2013 08:47 10/10/2013 08:02 0.005 261.2 0.00020 0.00170 0.00550 0.00170 0.01030 0.01700 0.160 1.4 0.05 1.22 0.04 815 14 4 456 - - - 0.020Base Grab 10/23/2013 08:20 10/23/2013 08:20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 152 -Base Composite 10/23/2013 08:33 10/24/2013 08:46 0.007 262.1 0.00020 0.00220 0.00620 0.00091 0.01140 0.02230 0.210 1.1 0.05 1.16 0.03 829 20 5 476 - - - 0.032Base Composite 11/07/2013 09:48 11/08/2013 08:31 0.007 218.8 0.00020 0.00210 0.00630 0.00160 0.01080 0.01730 0.160 0.7 0.07 1.00 0.03 791 18 4 460 - - - 0.020Base Grab 11/07/2013 08:25 11/07/2013 08:25 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 85 -Base Grab 12/12/2013 08:45 12/12/2013 08:45 0.005 198.8 0.00020 0.00062 0.00210 0.00100 0.01700 0.01060 0.260 0.8 0.02 1.10 0.03 769 8 2 464 - - 16 0.020

Base Average 0.006 231.6 0.00021 0.00171 0.00641 0.00185 0.01749 0.02074 0.164 1.2 0.07 1.15 0.04 753 28 10 393 2.6 92.4 82 0.026

Snow melt Grab 04/03/2013 14:15 04/03/2013 14:15 0.007 63.3 0.00020 0.00120 0.00300 0.00078 0.01300 0.00760 0.230 1.1 0.10 0.74 0.03 376 20 7 256 1.9 45.1 - -Snow melt Grab 04/23/2013 13:45 04/23/2013 13:45 0.008 195.0 0.00085 0.00750 0.01790 0.01990 0.01180 0.08060 0.130 1.2 0.19 0.38 0.04 428 100 32 100 3.0 13.8 - -Storm Grab 04/09/2013 14:00 04/09/2013 14:00 0.011 50.1 0.00020 0.00590 0.01360 0.01120 0.01060 0.07040 0.260 0.9 0.16 0.34 0.03 192 47 19 120 11.0 20.5 - -Storm Grab 05/01/2013 08:40 05/01/2013 08:40 0.052 54.0 0.00031 0.00760 0.01980 0.01140 0.00660 0.08610 0.290 1.3 0.21 0.42 0.05 179 100 28 72 5.5 - 6,300 -Storm Composite 05/18/2013 10:17 05/18/2013 13:01 - 22.2 0.00020 0.00470 0.01200 0.00830 0.00480 0.05930 0.350 1.3 0.20 0.26 0.04 100 88 26 48 - 5.0 - -Storm Composite 05/30/2013 00:47 05/30/2013 02:36 0.033 15.0 0.00020 0.00390 0.01060 0.01510 0.00400 0.06450 0.160 1.5 0.23 0.24 0.03 67 196 100 64 11.0 3.3 - -Storm Composite 06/15/2013 17:32 06/15/2013 18:31 - - - - - - - - - 1.4 0.23 - - - 69 18 - - - - 0.057Storm Composite 06/21/2013 05:17 06/21/2013 07:01 0.032 24.8 0.00020 0.00190 0.00640 0.00460 0.00200 0.03350 0.150 0.9 0.15 0.34 0.03 89 32 14 52 - - - 0.046Storm Composite 06/21/2013 20:32 06/21/2013 20:55 - 5.1 0.00088 0.00820 0.02260 0.03740 0.00910 0.12600 0.080 2.0 0.39 0.16 0.03 41 320 104 36 - - - 0.032Storm Grab 07/09/2013 08:50 07/09/2013 08:50 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 26,500 -Storm Composite 08/29/2013 04:47 08/29/2013 06:05 0.006 8.3 0.00054 0.00910 0.04060 0.03600 0.02040 0.21700 0.020 3.3 0.52 0.05 0.08 85 1,250 332 44 16.0 6.5 - 0.030Storm Composite 09/15/2013 02:46 09/15/2013 07:31 0.011 31.9 0.00020 0.00150 0.00750 0.00230 0.00280 0.03760 0.030 0.8 0.15 0.61 0.06 155 15 11 76 - - - 0.038Storm Grab 09/18/2013 08:15 09/18/2013 08:15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 125,900 -

Snow melt Average 0.008 129.2 0.00053 0.00435 0.01045 0.01034 0.0124 0.04410 0.180 1.2 0.14 0.56 0.04 402 60 20 178 2.5 29.5 - -Storm Average 0.024 26.4 0.00034 0.00535 0.01664 0.01579 0.0075 0.08680 0.168 1.5 0.25 0.30 0.04 114 235 72 64 10.9 8.8 52,900 0.041

Annual Average 0.011 157.7 0.00028 0.00309 0.01000 0.00699 0.0139 0.04375 0.166 1.3 0.14 0.83 0.04 521 102 32 271 5.3 50.6 8,885 0.031Annual Maximum 0.052 340.0 0.00088 0.00910 0.04060 0.03740 0.0871 0.21700 0.350 3.3 0.52 1.60 0.08 943 1,250 332 476 16.0 161.0 125,900 0.057Annual Minimum 0.005 5.1 0.00020 0.00029 0.00150 0.00010 0.0017 0.00290 0.020 0.7 0.02 0.05 0.03 41 8 2 36 1.0 3.3 8 0.020Annual Median 0.006 195.0 0.00020 0.00200 0.00630 0.00160 0.0091 0.02470 0.160 1.1 0.09 0.83 0.03 729 27 8 320 3.4 45.1 75 0.028


- Not collected

St. Anthony Park


Table 9-3: 2013 St. Anthony Park subwatershed loading table.

Sample Type

Sample Collection Time TP (mg/L)

TSS(mg/L) Loading Interval Interval



Base 0.08 13 01/01/2013 00:00 01/10/2013 17:15 3,229,280 16.63 2,676

Snowmelt 0.27 121 01/10/2013 17:30 01/12/2013 13:45 2,149,510 36.23 16,236

Base 0.08 13 01/12/2013 14:00 01/29/2013 10:45 4,731,570 24.37 3,921

Snowmelt 0.27 121 01/29/2013 11:00 01/30/2013 04:00 390,242 6.58 2,948

Base 0.08 13 01/30/2013 04:15 02/13/2013 12:45 5,847,370 30.11 4,846

Snowmelt 0.27 121 02/13/2013 13:00 02/14/2013 22:45 736,300 12.41 5,562

Base Grab 02/21/2013 08:45 02/21/2013 08:45 0.02 41 02/14/2013 23:00 02/24/2013 10:45 3,336,630 4.17 8,540

Snowmelt 0.27 121 02/24/2013 11:00 02/24/2013 21:45 217,677 3.67 1,644

Base 0.06 30 02/24/2013 22:00 02/25/2013 13:30 239,252 0.93 445

Snowmelt 0.27 121 02/25/2013 13:45 02/25/2013 22:45 223,591 3.77 1,689

Base 0.06 30 02/25/2013 23:00 02/27/2013 09:45 562,163 2.18 1,046

Snowmelt 0.27 121 02/27/2013 10:00 02/28/2013 00:15 317,867 5.36 2,401

Base 0.06 30 02/28/2013 00:30 03/02/2013 09:45 864,077 3.36 1,607

Snowmelt 0.27 121 03/02/2013 10:00 03/04/2013 03:30 738,626 12.45 5,579

Base Grab 03/06/2013 08:15 03/06/2013 08:15 0.25 150 03/04/2013 03:45 03/06/2013 16:15 949,305 14.82 8,889

Snowmelt 0.27 121 03/06/2013 16:30 03/06/2013 20:45 107,788 1.82 814

Base 0.14 44 03/06/2013 21:00 03/07/2013 14:00 272,841 2.37 743

Snowmelt 0.27 121 03/07/2013 14:15 03/07/2013 23:00 210,074 3.54 1,587

Base 0.14 44 03/07/2013 23:15 03/08/2013 12:30 215,625 1.87 587

Snowmelt 0.27 121 03/08/2013 12:45 03/09/2013 00:15 340,358 5.74 2,571

Storm 0.33 453 03/09/2013 00:30 03/10/2013 19:00 3,149,580 64.88 89,067

Base 0.14 44 03/10/2013 19:15 03/13/2013 10:45 885,688 7.70 2,411

Snowmelt 0.27 121 03/13/2013 11:00 03/14/2013 07:30 327,042 5.51 2,470

Snowmelt 0.27 121 03/14/2013 07:45 03/15/2013 23:00 977,173 16.47 7,381

Base 0.14 44 03/15/2013 23:15 03/22/2013 08:45 1,785,270 15.51 4,859

Snowmelt 0.27 121 03/22/2013 15:30 03/24/2013 04:30 581,789 9.81 4,395

Base 0.14 44 03/24/2013 04:45 03/25/2013 12:45 309,419 2.69 842

Snowmelt 0.27 121 03/25/2013 13:00 03/25/2013 21:00 184,524 3.11 1,394

Base 0.14 44 03/25/2013 21:15 03/27/2013 11:15 547,829 4.76 1,491

Snowmelt 0.27 121 03/27/2013 11:30 03/27/2013 18:45 433,877 7.31 3,277

Base 0.14 44 03/27/2013 19:00 03/28/2013 15:30 252,487 2.19 687

Snowmelt 0.27 121 03/28/2013 15:45 03/28/2013 21:15 278,844 4.70 2,106

Base 0.14 44 03/28/2013 21:30 03/29/2013 13:00 213,998 1.86 582

Snowmelt 0.27 121 03/29/2013 13:15 03/30/2013 05:15 702,899 11.85 5,309

Storm 0.33 453 03/30/2013 05:30 03/30/2013 22:30 2,201,790 45.36 62,265

St. Anthony Park


Base 0.14 44 03/30/2013 22:45 04/03/2013 08:15 1,301,520 11.31 3,542

Snowmelt Grab 04/03/2013 14:15 04/03/2013 14:15 0.10 20 04/03/2013 08:30 04/04/2013 03:45 316,723 1.98 395

Base 0.13 24 04/04/2013 04:00 04/08/2013 02:15 1,452,880 11.59 2,188

Storm 0.38 264 04/08/2013 02:30 04/08/2013 06:15 1,275,200 30.25 21,006

Base 0.13 24 04/08/2013 06:30 04/09/2013 11:45 619,965 4.94 934

Storm Grab 04/09/2013 14:00 04/09/2013 14:00 0.16 47 04/09/2013 12:00 04/09/2013 13:15 137,804 1.38 404

Base 0.13 24 04/09/2013 13:30 04/11/2013 10:15 1,124,290 8.97 1,693

Snowmelt 0.27 121 04/11/2013 10:30 04/12/2013 06:30 910,715 15.35 6,879

Snowmelt 0.27 121 04/12/2013 06:45 04/13/2013 01:45 539,508 9.09 4,075

Base 0.13 24 04/13/2013 02:00 04/14/2013 15:45 633,938 5.06 955

Snowmelt 0.27 121 04/14/2013 16:00 04/15/2013 04:30 898,853 15.15 6,790

Base 0.13 24 04/15/2013 04:45 04/16/2013 09:15 704,605 5.62 1,061

Snowmelt 0.27 121 04/16/2013 09:30 04/17/2013 18:00 797,477 13.44 6,024

Storm 0.38 264 04/17/2013 18:15 04/19/2013 05:45 1,413,790 33.54 23,289

Snowmelt 0.27 121 04/19/2013 06:00 04/20/2013 08:45 1,102,550 18.58 8,328

Snowmelt 0.27 121 04/20/2013 09:00 04/21/2013 08:30 866,185 14.60 6,543

Snowmelt 0.27 121 04/21/2013 08:45 04/22/2013 10:45 1,632,700 27.52 12,333

Snowmelt 0.27 121 04/22/2013 11:00 04/23/2013 01:00 754,202 12.71 5,697

Snowmelt Grab 04/23/2013 13:45 04/23/2013 13:45 0.19 100 04/23/2013 01:15 04/24/2013 04:45 1,989,500 23.60 12,420

Base 0.13 24 04/24/2013 05:00 04/26/2013 14:15 1,299,980 10.37 1,958

Storm 0.26 159 05/08/2013 20:45 05/09/2013 01:30 189,400 3.05 1,884

Base Composite 05/15/2013 08:27 05/16/2013 07:57 0.05 34 05/10/2013 08:15 05/17/2013 09:45 604,021 1.89 1,282

Storm 0.26 159 05/17/2013 10:00 05/18/2013 07:00 275,916 4.44 2,744

Storm Composite 05/18/2013 10:17 05/18/2013 13:01 0.20 88 05/18/2013 07:15 05/18/2013 16:00 1,087,460 13.58 5,974

Base 0.10 23 05/18/2013 16:15 05/19/2013 15:00 646,286 3.85 912

Storm 0.26 159 05/19/2013 15:15 05/20/2013 12:45 6,133,310 98.78 61,004

Storm 0.26 159 05/20/2013 13:00 05/20/2013 23:45 951,249 15.32 9,461

Storm 0.26 159 05/21/2013 00:00 05/21/2013 05:00 629,068 10.13 6,257

Base 0.10 23 05/21/2013 05:15 05/30/2013 00:00 9,374,690 55.84 13,231

Storm Composite 05/30/2013 00:47 05/30/2013 02:36 0.23 196 05/30/2013 00:15 05/30/2013 11:30 1,820,550 26.14 22,275

Base Composite 06/03/2013 08:48 06/03/2013 23:16 0.07 15 05/30/2013 11:45 06/09/2013 03:15 5,938,270 25.95 5,561

Storm 0.34 230 06/09/2013 03:30 06/10/2013 03:45 1,126,190 23.97 16,146

Base 0.09 26 06/10/2013 04:00 06/12/2013 08:30 1,046,090 6.02 1,701

Storm 0.34 230 06/12/2013 08:45 06/12/2013 18:45 581,571 12.38 8,338

Base 0.09 26 06/12/2013 19:00 06/15/2013 15:15 1,528,210 8.79 2,484

Storm Composite 06/15/2013 17:32 06/15/2013 18:31 0.23 69 06/15/2013 15:30 06/16/2013 02:00 642,482 9.22 2,767

Base Composite 06/19/2013 08:47 06/20/2013 07:16 0.09 29 06/16/2013 02:15 06/21/2013 03:30 1,562,640 8.78 2,829

Storm Composite 06/21/2013 05:17 06/21/2013 07:01 0.15 32 06/21/2013 03:45 06/21/2013 07:45 630,461 5.90 1,259

Base 0.09 26 06/21/2013 08:00 06/21/2013 19:30 534,950 3.08 870

St. Anthony Park


Storm Composite 06/21/2013 20:32 06/21/2013 20:55 0.39 320 06/21/2013 19:45 06/21/2013 21:00 564,684 13.75 11,280

Base 0.08 15 07/12/2013 09:15 07/13/2013 05:30 412,650 1.99 394

Storm 0.34 242 07/13/2013 05:45 07/13/2013 17:00 1,530,610 32.30 23,133

Base Composite 07/16/2013 08:38 07/17/2013 08:08 0.09 14 07/13/2013 17:15 07/21/2013 22:45 2,888,990 16.23 2,525

Base Grab 07/30/2013 08:20 07/30/2013 08:20 0.06 10 07/21/2013 23:00 08/05/2013 02:00 3,326,950 12.46 2,077

Storm 0.27 197 08/05/2013 02:15 08/06/2013 21:30 1,362,280 22.54 16,759

Storm 0.27 197 08/06/2013 21:45 08/07/2013 15:15 425,416 7.04 5,234

Base Grab 08/13/2013 10:50 08/13/2013 10:50 0.04 9 08/07/2013 15:30 08/20/2013 01:30 2,484,830 6.20 1,396

Base Composite 08/26/2013 09:02 08/27/2013 07:31 0.09 6 08/20/2013 01:45 08/29/2013 04:00 1,731,830 9.73 649

Storm Composite 08/29/2013 04:47 08/29/2013 06:05 0.52 1250 08/29/2013 04:15 08/29/2013 12:45 1,765,460 57.31 137,764

Base Composite 09/10/2013 17:01 09/11/2013 07:31 0.08 24 08/29/2013 13:00 09/14/2013 20:30 3,418,930 17.07 5,122

Storm Composite 09/15/2013 02:46 09/15/2013 07:31 0.15 15 09/14/2013 20:45 09/15/2013 23:45 672,863 6.30 630

Base 0.06 29 09/16/2013 00:00 09/18/2013 05:00 436,889 1.72 788

Storm 0.23 139 09/18/2013 05:15 09/20/2013 10:45 692,189 10.07 6,004

Base Composite 09/24/2013 10:48 09/25/2013 07:31 0.06 16 09/20/2013 11:00 09/28/2013 10:15 1,626,120 6.09 1,624

Base 0.06 29 09/28/2013 10:30 10/02/2013 20:15 868,630 3.41 1,566

Base 0.08 33 10/03/2013 06:45 10/05/2013 00:15 619,092 3.28 1,289

Storm 0.24 123 10/05/2013 00:30 10/06/2013 04:00 534,403 7.97 4,110

Base Composite 10/09/2013 08:47 10/10/2013 08:02 0.05 14 10/06/2013 04:15 10/15/2013 11:00 2,018,870 6.30 1,764

Storm 0.24 123 10/15/2013 11:15 10/17/2013 21:15 1,004,920 14.99 7,728

Base Composite 10/23/2013 08:33 10/24/2013 08:46 0.05 20 10/18/2013 06:45 11/05/2013 23:15 4,354,630 13.59 5,437

Base Composite 11/07/2013 09:48 11/08/2013 08:31 0.07 18 11/05/2013 23:30 12/03/2013 23:45 7,029,250 30.72 7,899

Base Grab 12/12/2013 08:45 12/12/2013 08:45 0.02 8 12/04/2013 00:00 12/31/2013 23:45 5,677,960 7.09 2,836






St. Anthony Park


Table 9-4: Sarita monitoring results for 2006-2013.

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013Subwatershed Area (ac) 929 929 929 929 929 929 929 929Total Rainfall (inches) 18.19 23.19 17.64 18.72 30.62 28.90 26.16 24.70Number of Monitoring Days 159 227 211 213 205 203 228 193Number of Storm Sampling Events 7 17 13 13 11 6 17 16Number of Storm Intervals 19 33 23 18 30 28 33 32Total Discharge (cf) 4,722,303 5,364,747 2,501,022 2,028,779 5,052,244 6,490,307 6,249,725 8,540,386Storm Flow Subtotal (cf) 4,722,303 5,364,747 2,484,855 2,024,843 5,052,244 6,490,307 6,249,725 8,540,386Average TSS Concentration (mg/L) 186 79 82 48 85 53 81 78Total FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) 90 99 102 44 143 70 91 118Storm FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) 90 99 102 44 143 70 91 118Total TSS Loading (lbs) 26,516 33,176 15,862 5,553 45,191 28,530 35,652 63,090Storm TSS Loading (lbs) 26,516 33,176 15,780 5,541 45,191 28,530 35,652 63,090Total TSS Yield (lb/ac) 29 36 17 6 49 31 38 68Normalized Total TSS Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) 20 22 23 10 32 16 21 27Average TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.36 0.26 0.27 0.21 0.23 0.17 0.24 0.32Total FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.34 0.29 0.29 0.20 0.25 0.20 0.25 0.36Storm FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.34 0.29 0.29 0.20 0.25 0.20 0.25 0.36Total TP Loading (lbs) 102 98 45 26 77 81 98 190Storm TP Loading (lbs) 102 98 45 26 77 81 98 190Total TP Yield (lb/ac) 0.11 0.11 0.05 0.03 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.20Normalized Total TP Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.08

St. Anthony Park


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2013 Sarita OutletLevel, Velocity, and Discharge

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Figure 9-21: 2013 Sarita level, velocity, and discharge.

St. Anthony Park


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2013 Sarita OutletLevel, Discharge, and Precipitation

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4/30/2013 12:44:00 PM - 11/13/2013 9:44:00 AM


Figure 9-22: 2013 Sarita level, discharge, and precipitation.

St. Anthony Park


Table 9-5: 2013 Sarita laboratory data.

Sample Sampling Start Sampling End Ortho-P Cl Cd Cr Cu Pb Ni Zn NH3 TKN Total P NO3 NO2 TDS TSS VSS Hardness CBOD SO4 E. coli Dissolved PType Date/Time Date/Time mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mpn/100 mL mg/LSnow melt Grab 03/28/2013 13:25 03/28/2013 13:25 0.286 138.0 0.00020 0.00093 0.00580 0.00130 0.00140 0.03700 1.060 3.0 0.40 0.54 0.05 342 9 5 46 11.0 4.3 - -Snow melt Grab 04/23/2013 13:30 04/23/2013 13:30 0.069 33.7 0.00020 0.00660 0.01160 0.01490 0.00750 0.06090 0.120 1.0 0.29 0.39 0.05 103 112 30 40 2.0 2.5 - -Storm Grab 04/09/2013 15:10 04/09/2013 15:10 0.052 32.7 0.00020 0.00120 0.00390 0.00270 0.00110 0.03090 0.520 1.3 0.15 0.30 0.03 95 14 7 12 3.5 2.6 - -Storm Grab 05/01/2013 08:40 05/01/2013 08:40 - 64.0 0.00020 0.00075 0.00530 0.00220 0.00190 0.02210 0.090 1.8 0.29 0.11 0.03 199 14 9 64 - - 1,553,100 -Storm Composite 05/18/2013 09:01 05/18/2013 11:19 - 5.1 0.00020 0.00200 0.00790 0.00460 0.00210 0.04580 0.460 1.6 0.25 0.32 0.05 25 38 12 26 - 3.0 - -Storm Composite 05/29/2013 22:46 05/30/2013 00:07 0.069 2.6 0.00020 0.00670 0.01480 0.02320 0.00680 0.09600 0.140 2.0 0.47 0.26 0.05 48 282 70 32 6.9 2.3 - -Storm Composite 06/12/2013 10:46 06/12/2013 15:15 0.054 2.7 0.00020 0.00320 0.00700 0.00730 0.00280 0.04180 0.150 1.2 0.28 0.22 0.04 54 56 13 38 3.0 2.3 - -Storm Composite 06/15/2013 15:46 06/15/2013 17:18 0.087 2.1 0.00020 0.00720 0.01390 0.02110 0.00610 0.07530 0.290 2.0 0.46 0.29 0.03 66 214 45 34 3.4 1.4 - 0.094Storm Composite 06/21/2013 03:01 06/21/2013 05:17 0.039 3.3 0.00020 0.00420 0.00930 0.01280 0.00400 0.05080 0.040 1.7 0.35 0.25 0.03 40 117 30 16 - - - 0.060Storm Composite 06/21/2013 20:16 06/21/2013 22:17 - 2.6 0.00056 0.01160 0.01770 0.03300 0.01000 0.09730 0.160 2.1 0.77 0.22 0.05 52 282 56 - - - - 0.245Storm Grab 07/09/2013 08:40 07/09/2013 08:40 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 73,300 -Storm Composite 07/09/2013 08:46 07/09/2013 14:00 0.078 3.3 0.00020 0.00440 0.01200 0.01140 0.00370 0.05250 0.310 1.8 0.34 0.52 0.06 27 82 23 34 - - - 0.120Storm Composite 07/13/2013 05:16 07/13/2013 07:30 - 2.0 0.00020 0.00210 0.00520 0.00670 0.00200 0.03190 0.190 0.8 0.17 0.23 0.03 16 60 15 34 - - - 0.045Storm Composite 08/05/2013 04:01 08/05/2013 12:45 0.074 6.9 0.00020 0.00110 0.00540 0.00350 0.00150 0.02590 0.300 1.3 0.19 0.36 0.03 70 18 9 44 - - - 0.117Storm Composite 08/06/2013 20:16 08/07/2013 02:45 0.066 4.1 - - - - - - 0.180 1.2 0.22 0.37 0.03 84 36 12 42 - - - 0.080Storm Composite 08/29/2013 05:31 08/29/2013 11:45 0.009 35.0 0.00037 0.00260 0.00970 0.01020 0.00340 0.05910 0.020 2.9 0.49 0.05 0.03 172 94 32 92 16.0 7.6 - 0.050Storm Composite 09/15/2013 04:31 09/15/2013 08:01 - - - - - - - - - 1.7 0.34 - - - 14 9 - - - - -Storm Composite 09/19/2013 12:17 09/19/2013 16:30 0.091 8.2 0.00020 0.00250 0.00750 0.00560 0.00260 0.04810 0.090 1.9 0.37 0.31 0.05 97 57 17 60 - - - 0.148Storm Composite 10/02/2013 21:46 10/03/2013 02:32 0.089 3.1 0.00020 0.00220 0.00630 0.00640 0.00220 0.03510 0.370 1.3 0.26 0.05 0.03 60 44 14 36 - - - 0.185Storm Composite 10/15/2013 00:32 10/15/2013 07:15 0.060 3.0 0.00020 0.00059 0.00380 0.00150 0.00089 0.01690 0.020 0.6 0.15 0.19 0.03 51 9 4 40 5.2 2.7 - 0.065Storm Composite 10/17/2013 22:01 10/18/2013 07:16 0.121 3.0 0.00020 0.00150 0.00580 0.00320 0.00160 0.02640 0.070 0.8 0.17 0.24 0.03 61 15 9 42 - - - 0.141


Annual Average 0.083 18.7 0.00023 0.00341 0.00849 0.00953 0.00342 0.04743 0.241 1.6 0.32 0.27 0.04 87 78 21 41 6.4 3.2 73,300 0.113Annual Maximum 0.286 138.0 0.00056 0.01160 0.01770 0.03300 0.01000 0.09730 1.060 3.0 0.77 0.54 0.06 342 282 70 92 16.0 7.6 73,300 0.245Annual Minimum 0.009 2.0 0.00020 0.00059 0.00380 0.00130 0.00089 0.01690 0.020 0.6 0.15 0.05 0.03 16 9 4 12 2.0 1.4 73,300 0.045Annual Median 0.069 3.3 0.00020 0.00235 0.00725 0.00655 0.00240 0.04380 0.160 1.7 0.29 0.26 0.03 61 50 14 39 4.4 2.6 73,300 0.106


- Not collected### Outlier not included in averages

St. Anthony Park


Table 9-6: 2013 Sarita loading table.

Sample Type


TSS (mg/L)

Loading Interval Interval Volume

(cf)

Interval TP (lb)


Storm 0.27 83 05/03/2013 10:00 05/05/2013 03:15 64,447 1.10 334

Storm 0.27 83 05/08/2013 21:45 05/10/2013 03:15 54,547 0.93 283

Storm Composite 05/18/2013 09:01 05/18/2013 11:19 0.25 38 05/18/2013 06:30 05/21/2013 15:45 1,783,140 28.16 4,230

Storm 0.27 83 05/24/2013 22:45 05/27/2013 01:00 199,472 3.39 1,033

Storm Composite 05/29/2013 22:46 05/30/2013 00:07 0.47 282 05/29/2013 22:00 06/01/2013 13:00 759,759 22.20 13,375

Storm 0.28 113 06/09/2013 05:45 06/10/2013 22:30 77,631 1.34 548

Storm Composite 06/12/2013 10:46 06/12/2013 15:15 0.28 56 06/12/2013 09:45 06/14/2013 09:30 107,782 1.90 377

Storm Composite 06/15/2013 15:46 06/15/2013 17:18 0.46 214 06/15/2013 15:30 06/17/2013 14:30 285,221 8.15 3,810

Storm Composite 06/21/2013 03:01 06/21/2013 05:17 0.35 117 06/21/2013 02:30 06/21/2013 20:00 367,071 8.02 2,681

Storm Composite 06/21/2013 20:16 06/21/2013 22:17 0.77 282 06/21/2013 20:15 06/22/2013 03:10 1,177,609 56.90 20,731

Storm 0.28 113 06/22/2013 03:15 06/25/2013 06:45 830,812 14.31 5,869

Storm 0.28 113 06/26/2013 13:15 06/27/2013 16:00 33,582 0.58 237

Storm 0.28 113 06/29/2013 02:45 06/30/2013 09:30 269,130 4.64 1,901

Storm Composite 07/09/2013 08:46 07/09/2013 14:00 0.34 82 07/09/2013 08:00 07/11/2013 05:45 192,220 4.04 984

Storm Composite 07/13/2013 05:16 07/13/2013 07:30 0.17 60 07/13/2013 03:30 07/14/2013 18:30 654,565 6.74 2,452

Storm Composite 08/05/2013 04:01 08/05/2013 12:45 0.19 18 08/05/2013 03:00 08/06/2013 01:45 118,607 1.42 133

Storm Composite 08/06/2013 20:16 08/07/2013 02:45 0.22 36 08/06/2013 19:30 08/07/2013 19:45 148,002 2.01 333

Storm 0.28 91 08/14/2013 13:45 08/17/2013 00:15 40,138 0.70 227

Storm 0.28 91 08/21/2013 05:00 08/22/2013 06:45 24,913 0.43 141

Storm Composite 08/29/2013 05:31 08/29/2013 11:45 0.49 94 08/29/2013 04:30 08/30/2013 13:45 203,280 6.21 1,193

Storm 0.28 91 08/31/2013 21:00 09/01/2013 17:45 22,383 0.39 126

Storm 0.30 74 09/03/2013 07:30 09/04/2013 16:30 58,411 1.09 271

Storm Composite 09/15/2013 04:31 09/15/2013 08:01 0.34 14 09/14/2013 20:00 09/15/2013 21:30 106,695 2.26 93

Storm Composite 09/19/2013 12:17 09/19/2013 16:30 0.37 57 09/19/2013 11:00 09/20/2013 13:00 83,749 1.92 298

Storm Composite 10/02/2013 21:46 10/03/2013 02:32 0.26 44 10/02/2013 20:15 10/03/2013 16:00 293,148 4.70 805

Storm 0.22 35 10/05/2013 00:20 10/05/2013 07:35 78,205 1.07 170

Storm 0.22 35 10/11/2013 23:45 10/13/2013 08:45 26,006 0.36 56

Storm Composite 10/15/2013 00:32 10/15/2013 07:15 0.15 9 10/14/2013 23:30 10/15/2013 22:10 326,495 2.96 183

Storm Composite 10/17/2013 22:01 10/18/2013 07:16 0.17 15 10/17/2013 20:45 10/18/2013 04:00 94,616 1.02 89

Storm 0.22 35 10/18/2013 11:45 10/18/2013 20:15 13,840 0.19 30

Storm 0.22 35 10/19/2013 15:15 10/20/2013 00:45 15,451 0.21 34

Storm 0.22 35 10/20/2013 10:15 10/21/2013 02:00 29,460 0.40 64

Snowmelt Flow-Weighted Average 0.00 0 Snowmelt Subtotal 0 0 0

Storm Flow-Weighted Average 0.36 118 Storm Subtotal 8,540,387 189.77 63,090

Base Flow-Weighted Average 0.00 0 Base Subtotal 0 0.00 0

St. Anthony Park


Total Flow-Weighted Average 0.36 118 Total 8,540,387 189.77 63,090


Trout Brook


10 TROUT BROOK SUBWATERSHED RESULTS

10.1 DESCRIPTION

The Trout Brook subwatershed is the largest subwatershed in CRWD, draining 8,000 acres in portions of St. Paul, Maplewood, Falcon Heights, and Roseville (Figure 10-4). The Trout Brook subwatershed contains Loeb Lake and five major stormwater ponds in St. Paul. Land use in the Trout Brook subwatershed is a mix of residential, industrial, and commercial, with 40% impervious surface. Runoff in the subwatershed drains to CRWD’s Trout Brook Storm Sewer Interceptor (TBI), which connects to the City of St. Paul’s storm sewer interceptor before eventually discharging to the Mississippi River, just downstream of Lambert’s Landing in St. Paul. The upper section of TBI is comprised of two branches, East and West, which converge near the intersection of Maryland Avenue and I-35E in St. Paul.

Trout Brook–West Branch

Trout Brook-West Branch (TB-WB) subwatershed drains 2,379 acres in St. Paul, Roseville, and Falcon Heights. It has the third largest drainage area of the full water quality monitoring sites. Within the boundaries of TB-WB are the Arlington-Jackson Stormwater Pond, Willow Reserve Stormwater Pond, Como Lake, Lake McCarrons, and Loeb Lake (Figure 10-4). However, it should be noted that the lakesheds of Como Lake and Lake McCarrons are not included in the total drainage area calculation for TB-WB because each lake behaves as its own subwatershed and do not consistently contribute runoff to the Trout Brook subwatershed. The TB-WB monitoring site is located just upstream of the convergence with the east branch of the TBI in the northwest quadrant of the intersection of Maryland Avenue and I-35E.

Figure 10-1: The Trout Brook-West Branch monitoring site location.

Trout Brook


Trout Brook–East Branch

Trout Brook-East Branch (TB-EB) subwatershed drains 932 acres in St. Paul and Maplewood and includes two stormwater ponds, Westminster-Mississippi and Arlington-Arkwright. First established in 2006, this monitoring station was moved slightly downstream in the pipe in 2007 from its original location to a manhole located between L’Orient Street and the I-35E ramp (Figure 10-4). The TB-EB subwatershed receives direct runoff from the I-35E corridor, which is very influential to the water quality measured at this monitoring station.

Figure 10-2: The Trout Brook-East Branch monitoring site location.

Trout Brook Outlet

The Trout Brook Outlet (TBO) monitoring station receives water from nearly 5,028 acres of the Trout Brook subwatershed, which includes the combined discharge from TB-EB and TB-WB monitoring locations. Like TB-WB, the TBO subwatershed does not include the lakeshed drainage areas of Como Lake and Lake McCarrons in its total drainage area (Figure 10-4)

Figure 10-3: The Trout Brook Outlet monitoring site location.

Trout Brook


Figure 10-4: Map of the Trout Brook subwatershed and monitoring locations.

Trout Brook


10.2 2013 MONITORING SUMMARY – TROUT BROOK-WEST BRANCH

The TB-WB subwatershed has been monitored by CRWD for discharge and water quality from 2005 to 2013. Flow monitoring at the TB-WB monitoring location is currently continuous, though year-round flow monitoring did not begin until 2010. Prior to 2010, flow was recorded between the months of April to November. Over time, flow monitoring at TB-WB has shown a unique relationship between stage and velocity during storm events. Once water level reaches a stage threshold of approximately 0.4 ft, velocity begins to drastically decrease to show an inverse relationship between stage and velocity. CRWD staff has attributed this unique discharge relationship to the close proximity of the TB-WB monitoring station to the confluence of the TB-WB and TB-EB tunnels. It is hypothesized that when incoming flow from TB-WB reaches the confluence, it flows into TB-EB discharge nearly perpendicularly, which causes turbulence and backflow of water into the TB-WB pipe. Therefore, though the water is recorded at a high stage in TB-WB, the flow velocity is recorded as low because the water has been slowed and backed up.

10.2.1 DISCHARGE

The annual discharge from TB-WB (344,928,332 cf) in 2013 was the highest total volume recorded at this site since year-round monitoring began in 2010 (Figure 10-5; Table 10-2). In 2013, baseflow (231,825,518 cf) comprised the majority of the total flow (67%) and stormflow (82,367,885 cf) only accounted for 24% of the total flow. Snowmelt was also a significant contributor, equaling 9% (30,734,929 cf) of total annual flow in 2013. Increases in total discharge in 2013 in comparison to the historical monitoring record can be directly related to increases in total annual precipitation (5.75 in above the 30-year normal) and a deep winter snowpack that melted slowly. The stormflow cumulative water yield (Figure 10-6) in 2013 greatly increased at TB-WB following a few significant storm events in May and June 2013. Because of these large events, the 2013 stormflow cumulative water yield trend varied from the historical average (2005-2012). The 2013 baseflow cumulative water yield also varied from the historical average (2005-2012) at TB-WB (Figure 10-6). Baseflow water yield steadily increased at a relatively constant rate throughout the entire year, though the rate of baseflow yield increased in May and June which was likely in response to the large rainfall inputs. For combined storm and baseflow cumulative water yield, the trend line closely follows the increases shown in stormflow yield with rate increases in May and June 2013 (Figure 10-6). Also, the combined cumulative water yield varied from the historical mean (2005-2012).

Trout Brook


Figure 10-5: Historical total monitored discharge volumes at Trout Brook-West Branch for baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt from 2005-2013.

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Trout Brook


Figure 10-6: Historical and 2013 cumulative water yield from Trout Brook-West Branch for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

Trout Brook




For TB-WB, the 2013 total TSS load (1,697,137 lbs) for the entire year was the second largest amount since monitoring began in 2005, only exceeded by the 2010 TSS total load of 1,991,582 (Figure 10-7; Table 10-2). TSS loading at TB-WB was primarily a result of storm events (76% of total load). Approximately 17% of TSS loading occurred during baseflow periods (though baseflow was 67% of total flow) and 7% occurred during snowmelt periods. For average monthly TSS storm concentrations (Figure 10-8), the highest monthly average concentrations were observed in August (778 mg/L) and September 2013 (1,090 mg/L), which was unexpected because these months had the driest precipitation period of the year. Also, these values were significantly higher than any historical TSS average concentration ever observed at TB-WB by a substantial amount.

Figure 10-7: Historical total monitored TSS loads at Trout Brook-West Branch for baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt from 2005-2013.

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Trout Brook


Figure 10-8: Monthly average storm sample TSS concentrations in 2013 for Trout Brook-West Branch and historical averages (2007-2012).

The stormflow cumulative TSS yields at TB-WB were more strongly influenced by precipitation events (Figure 10-9). Large increases in TSS yield occurred in May and June 2013 due to the significant amount of precipitation that occurred during that time period (Figure 10-9). Alternatively, the 2013 baseflow cumulative TSS yield greatly increased in August and September 2013 during the extended dry period. Prior to that time, TSS yields from baseflow occurred at a relatively constant rate from April to August. In general, the baseflow cumulative TSS yield was substantially less than the stormflow yield; thus, TSS loading is primarily driven by stormflow at TB-WB. Overall, combined stormflow and baseflow cumulative TSS yield for 2013 varied from the historical mean (2005-2012), but generally followed a similar seasonal trend (Figure 10-9). This is also likely due to the above average precipitation year.

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Trout Brook


Figure 10-9: Historical and 2013 cumulative TSS yield from Trout Brook-West Branch for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

Trout Brook



The 2013 total TP load (4,134 lbs) for the entire year was the largest total annual load recorded at TB-WB (Figure 10-10; Table 10-2). Storm events accounted for 52% (2,159 lbs) of the annual TP loading and snowmelt contributed 12% (478 lbs). Baseflow TP loading contributed 36% (1,497 lbs) of the annual TP load, which was the greatest annual baseflow TP load ever recorded at TB-WB since monitoring began in 2005 (Figure 10-10; Table 10-2 ). Starting in 2010 when continuous year-round monitoring began at TB-WB, baseflow TP loading has steadily increased over time. Similar to TSS, average monthly TP storm concentrations at TB-WB were greatest in August (0.732 mg/L) and September 2013 (0.640 mg/L) (Figure 10-11). These concentration values were also unexpected because August and September 2013 were the driest period of the year. Both values greatly exceeded the historical monthly average concentrations while none of the other 2013 months did (including May and June 2013 which had high precipitation).

Figure 10-10: Historical total monitored TP loads at Trout Brook-West Branch for baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt from 2005-2013.

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Trout Brook


Figure 10-11: Monthly average storm sample TP concentrations in 2013 for Trout Brook-West Branch and historical averages (2007-2012).

Stormflow TP yields in 2013 at TB-WB closely mimicked precipitation trends with increases in TP following large precipitation events in May and June 2013 (Figure 10-12). For baseflow, cumulative TP yields increased steadily from April 2013 until mid-August when a large increase occurred (Figure 10-12). Following September 2013, baseflow TP yields resumed a normal steady trend. Overall, the combined stormflow and baseflow TP yield for 2013 was similar in accumulation to the historical mean (2005-2012), though large increases in TP were driven by precipitation trends (Figure 10-12). TP loading is primarily driven by stormflow at TB-WB; the baseflow cumulative TP yield is much less than the stormflow yield.

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Trout Brook


Figure 10-12: Historical and 2013 cumulative TP yield from Trout Brook-West Branch for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

Trout Brook


Total Nitrogen (TN)

The stormflow TN yield trends for 2013 at TB-WB closely followed water yield trends (Figure 10-13). Substantial increases in TN yields occurred in May and June 2013 during large precipitation events and then plateaued in July through November during drier months. The baseflow cumulative TN yield trends were relatively steady from April to November 2013 (Figure 10-13). The 2013 TN yield was much greater than the historical mean (2005-2012). Baseflow TN loading is overall greater than stormflow TN loading at TB-WB. Overall, the 2013 combined stormflow and baseflow TN yield for 2013 varied from the historical mean (Figure 10-13). Initially, the 2013 TN yield was similar to the historical mean from April to mid-May, but following the large precipitation events in May and June, the 2013 combined cumulative TN load substantially increased and deviated from the historical mean.

Trout Brook


Figure 10-13: Historical and 2013 cumulative TN yield from Trout Brook-West Branch for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

Trout Brook


Chloride (Cl-)

For Cl-, stormflow cumulative yields at TB-WB increased from the beginning of April 2013, likely due to snowmelt and road salt runoff from the winter months (Figure 10-14). The large precipitation events in May and June 2013 sharply increased the stormflow Cl- yields, but following June, Cl- loading plateaued for the remainder of the year. Overall, 2013 stormflow cumulative Cl- yields were greater than the historical mean. The total baseflow Cl- yield (725 lb/ac) was substantially greater than the total stormflow yield (63 lb/ac) in 2013. The trend of baseflow Cl- yielding increased substantially from March to April 2013 (Figure 10-14). Rates of baseflow Cl- yield increases slowed by mid-July through November. Overall, the combined baseflow and stormflow total Cl- yield for 2013 was significantly greater than the historical mean. However, the trend line showing the seasonal rate of accumulation is similar to the historic means (Figure 10-14).

Trout Brook


Figure 10-14: Historical and 2013 cumulative Cl- yield from Trout Brook-West Branch for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

Trout Brook


10.3 2013 MONITORING SUMMMARY – TROUT BROOK-EAST BRANCH

The TB-EB subwatershed has been monitored by CRWD for discharge and water quality from 2006-2013. Since 2010, flow monitoring at TB-EB has been continuous and year-round. Prior to 2010, flow was recorded between the months of April to November. In 2007, the TB-EB monitoring station was moved downstream from its original location to its current location. The TB-EB monitoring station is adjacent to I-35E and just downstream of a ditch that collects runoff from the highly impervious highway corridor. Subsequently, monitoring at TB-EB has shown a very short lag-to-peak response time during precipitation events. Data shows that these flashy flows from TB-EB directly affect the discharge of water from the TB-WB tunnel. Water from TB-WB and TB-EB meet nearly perpendicularly to one another. During a large storm event, TB-EB’s high velocity flow can dominate the channel and force TB-WB to back up.

10.3.1 DISCHARGE

In 2013, total discharge from TB-EB (49,693,121 cf) was the highest volume of discharge exported by the TB-EB subwatershed since continuous monitoring began in 2010 (Figure 10-15; Table 10-5). Baseflow (25,955,622 cf) in 2013 accounted for 52% of the total flow while stormflow (16,230,742 cf) comprised 33% of the total (Figure 10-15). Snowmelt was also a significant contributor, especially in comparison to previous years, comprising 15% (7,466,757 cf) of the total annual flow. Increases in baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt at TB-EB in 2013 can all be attributed to an above average precipitation year with a deep winter snowpack that melted slowly into April. The 2013 stormflow cumulative water yield at TB-EB (Figure 10-16) greatly increased following a few significant storm events in May and June 2013. Because of these large events, the 2013 stormflow cumulative water yield was significantly greater than the historical mean (2006-2012). For TB-EB, the 2013 baseflow cumulative water yield was also significantly higher than the historical mean (2006-2012). The trend in water yield started off similar to the mean in April 2013 (Figure 10-16). By mid-May 2013, baseflow water yield began deviating from the historical mean, likely because a substantial amount of groundwater recharge occurred following the snowmelt period. Overall, baseflow water yield steadily increased at a relatively constant rate, slightly higher than the average, throughout the entire year. The combined storm and baseflow cumulative water yield at TB-EB, closely followed the increases shown in stormflow yield with sharp increases in May and June 2013 (Figure 10-16). The water yield increase September to November was very similar to the historical average for the site during that time period.

Trout Brook


Figure 10-15: Historical total monitored discharge volumes at Trout Brook-East Branch for baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt from 2006-2013.

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Figure 10-16: Historical and 2013 cumulative water yield from Trout Brook-East Branch for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

Trout Brook




In 2013, the total annual TSS load from TB-EB (380,532 lbs) was over 2.5 times greater than the previous highest amount in the historical monitoring record occurring in 2012 with a load of 143,168 lbs (Figure 10-17). The total storm TSS load (336,596 lbs) was substantial and accounted for 88% of the total annual load. The total snowmelt TSS loads (14,872 lbs) and baseflow TSS loads (29,064) were less significant contributors to the total annual load. A major contributing factor to the extremely high storm TSS load was construction that occurred in the I-35E corridor adjacent to the monitoring station in summer 2013. Large rain events June 20-22 and August 28-29, 2013 washed a large amount of the construction sediment into the TB-EB storm sewer (combined 37% of the total load). The highest monthly average TSS concentrations at TB-EB were observed in August 2013 (1,538 mg/L) and September 2013 (671 mg/L). Both months represent periods of nearby construction. For every month in 2013, average TSS concentrations greatly exceeded the historical averages, except for April, in which only one sample was taken (Figure 10-18).

Figure 10-17: Historical total monitored TSS loads at Trout Brook-East Branch for baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt from 2006-2013.

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Figure 10-18: Monthly average storm sample TSS concentrations in 2013 for Trout Brook-East Branch and historical averages (2007-2012).

The TB-EB stormflow cumulative TSS yield was most strongly influenced by stormflow events (instead of average monthly concentrations) (Figure 10-19). The greatest increase in yield occurred mid-June 2013 following the June 21 precipitation event. Stormflow TSS yield increased at a lower rate as precipitation decreased in August and September 2013, though still higher than the historical average (Figure 10-19). TSS loading from baseflow occurred at a relatively constant rate, greater than the historical average, from May to November. In contrast to other district sites, the 2013 TB-EB baseflow cumulative TSS yield showed a marked increase in August and September 2013 during the extended dry period (Figure 10-19). Baseflow TSS yields at TB-EB were substantially less than stormflow yields highlighting that the TSS load is primarily driven by stormflow. The TB-EB combined stormflow and baseflow cumulative TSS yield for 2013 was significantly greater than the historical mean (2005-2012) (Figure 10-19). This is also likely due to the higher than average precipitation year. The biggest increases in TSS yields were apparent in June 2013 (related to stormflow) and August 2013 (related to construction activity).

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Figure 10-19: Historical and 2013 cumulative TSS yield from Trout Brook-East Branch for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow

Trout Brook



For TB-EB, the 2013 total TP load (804 lbs) was the greatest total annual load ever observed since year-round monitoring began in 2010 (Figure 10-20; Table 10-5). Storm events accounted for 60% (480 lbs) of the annual TP load. Snowmelt was also a significant contributor to the TP load in 2013 (17% or 136 lbs). Baseflow accounted for a greater fraction of the total load than all previously monitored years. Average monthly TP storm concentrations at TB-EB were greatest in August (0.745 mg/L) and September 2013 (0.798 mg/L) (Figure 10-21). These concentration values were unusual because August and September 2013 were the driest period of the year, but it is possible they are related to nearby construction activities that were occurring during that time. Both values greatly exceeded the historical monthly average concentrations as did the average TP concentrations in May, June, and October 2013.

Figure 10-20: Historical total monitored TP loads at Trout Brook-East Branch for baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt from 2006-2013.

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Figure 10-21: Monthly average storm sample TP concentrations in 2013 for Trout Brook-East Branch and historical averages (2007-2012).

A sharp increase in stormflow TP yield was observed following the May 17-20 and June 20-22

events (Figure 10-22). Prior to that, the 2013 TP yield followed the historical stormflow mean. When precipitation declined in August and September 2013, stormflow TP yield rate returned to approximately the historical average rate. Baseflow cumulative TP yields at TB-EB increased steadily throughout the year and at a greater rate than the historical mean starting in mid-May 2013 (Figure 10-22). Overall, baseflow TP yields were much lower than stormflow yields, showing that TP loads are primarily driven by stormflow at TB-EB. Overall, the 2013 combined stormflow and baseflow cumulative TP yield at TB-EB was greater than the historical mean and increases closely followed the stormflow water yield trends (Figure 10-22).

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Figure 10-22: Historical and 2013 cumulative TP yield from Trout Brook-East Branch for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

Trout Brook


Total Nitrogen (TN)

For TB-EB, the trends for 2013 cumulative stormflow TN yields were similar to the water yield trends (Figure 10-23). Substantial increases in TN yield occurred mid-May and mid-June 2013 during large precipitation events. The TN yield increase July through November, during drier months, approached the historical trend. The baseflow yield for TN increased relatively steadily from April to November 2013 with a slight increase in June 2013 (Figure 10-23). The 2013 TN yield started off similar to the historical mean, but exceeded the average in May 2013. Overall, the 2013 TB-EB combined stormflow and baseflow cumulative TN yield for 2013 was greater than the historical mean (Figure 10-23). During the beginning of the monitoring season, the 2013 TN yield was similar to the historical mean from April to mid-May, but following a wet spring with large precipitation events in May and June, the 2013 combined cumulative TN yield substantially increased above the historical mean. Stormflow cumulative TN yields were greater than baseflow yields and the combined cumulative yield trends closely followed stormflow; thus TN loading is primarily driven by stormflow at TB-EB.

Chloride (Cl-)

Starting April 1, 2013, the stormflow cumulative Cl- loading yields at TB-EB were greater than the historical mean (Figure 10-24). The large precipitation events in May and June 2013 also sharply increased the stormflow Cl- yields. Following June 2013, stormflow Cl- yield increased at a rate lower than the average for the remainder of the year. Baseflow Cl- yields comprise significantly more of the total yield than stormflow. The cumulative Cl- yield for baseflow increased drastically above the mean in March to April 2013 (Figure 10-24) during an extended period of snowmelt. Following April 2013, the baseflow Cl- yield increased at a constant rate greater than the historical mean for the remainder of the year.

Trout Brook


Figure 10-23: Historical and 2013 cumulative TN yield from Trout Brook-East Branch for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

Trout Brook


Figure 10-24: Historical and 2013 cumulative Cl- yield from Trout Brook-East Branch for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

Trout Brook


10.4 2013 MONITORING SUMMARY – TROUT BROOK OUTLET

The Trout Brook Outlet (TBO) subwatershed has been monitored by CRWD for discharge and water quality from 2005-2013. Year-round continuous flow monitoring at TBO began in 2010. From 2005-2009, flow was only recorded during the months of April to November. The TBO monitoring station is located downstream of both TB-WB and TB-EB and less than a mile upstream of the Trout Brook Interceptor outfall to the Mississippi River. Discharge and water quality recorded at this station is nearly representative of the entire Trout Brook subwatershed, which has the largest drainage area of all CRWD subwatersheds.

10.4.1 DISCHARGE

In 2013, total discharge from TBO (536,193,654 cf) was the greatest volume of discharge exported by the TBO subwatershed since monitoring began in 2005 (Figure 10-25; Table 10-8). The 2013 TBO baseflow (410,556,091 cf) comprised the majority of the total flow (77%). Stormflow (91,385,535 cf) only accounted for 17% of the total flow and snowmelt (33,744,420 cf) was 6%. Overall increases in baseflow, and snowmelt at TBO in 2013 can likely be attributed to the above average precipitation year and the deep winter snowpack that melted slowly into April. The 2013 stormflow cumulative water yield at TBO greatly increased following a few significant storm events in May and June 2013. However, the 2013 stormflow water yield increased at a rate less than the historical mean (2005-2012) for much of the year. In particular, stormflow water yield significantly tapered off in July 2013. This trend can be attributed to fewer precipitation events after July. The 2013 baseflow cumulative water yield at TBO increased at a rate close to the historical average until mid-August when baseflow water yield continued to steadily increase deviating from the mean (Figure 10-26). Beginning in late July, groundwater was pumped into the Trout Brook Interceptor upstream of TBO as part of a major construction project and lasted until the end of October. This water added to the baseflow volume monitored at TBO. Overall, baseflow water yield steadily increased at a relatively constant rate throughout the entire year. The combined storm and baseflow cumulative water yield at TBO closely followed baseflow trend showing that water yield at TBO is primarily driven by baseflow (Figure 10-26). Overall, the combined cumulative water yield was greater than the historical mean (2005-2012), but not by a substantial amount.

Trout Brook


Figure 10-25: Historical total monitored discharge volumes at Trout Brook Outlet for baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt from 2005-2013.

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Figure 10-26: Historical and 2013 cumulative water yield from Trout Brook Outlet for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

Trout Brook




The total annual TSS load from TBO (2,164,883 cf) was the third highest amount in comparison to the historical monitoring record (2005-2012) (Figure 10-27; Table 10-8). TSS loading from storm events (1,608,203 lbs) accounted for the majority (74%) of the total annual load. Snowmelt TSS loading (182,492 lbs) was greater than previous years and comprised 8% of the total load. The total baseflow TSS load (372,953 lbs) was less significant than stormflow, but was the highest baseflow load since continuous monitoring began in 2010. For TBO average monthly TSS storm concentrations (Figure 10-28), the highest monthly average concentration was observed in May (419 mg/L) and July, 2013 (884 mg/L). The high average TSS concentration in July 2013 is due to only two samples collected and one sample that was collected during a significant storm event while construction activities were occurring upstream of TBO. In comparison to historical average monthly TSS concentrations, all months in 2013 exceeded the average except for April, September, and October 2013.

Figure 10-27: Historical total monitored TSS loads at Trout Brook Outlet for baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt from 2005-2013.

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Figure 10-28: Monthly average storm sample TSS concentrations in 2013 for Trout Brook Outlet and historical averages (2007-2012).

The 2013 cumulative TSS yield for stormflow at TBO increased significantly mid-May and mid-June, 2013 following large storm events (Figure 10-29). The lack of precipitation from July through September 2013 caused cumulative TSS yield for stormflow to increase at a rate significantly less than the historical average for the time of year. The 2013 baseflow cumulative TSS yield at TBO increased at a rate greater than the historical mean starting in mid-June (Figure 10-29). The higher than average rate July to October is likely due to construction related groundwater pumping upstream of TBO. Starting mid-October 2013, a sharp increase in baseflow TSS yield was observed at TBO. While no direct conclusions can be made to identify the source of this increase, it could potentially be related to upstream construction activities or autumn leaf-off. The combined cumulative TSS yield for TBO increased above the historical average following major storm events and returned to a rate close to the average September to November. The 2013 trends in combined TSS yield closely followed the trends in stormflow water yield.

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Figure 10-29: Historical and 2013 cumulative TSS yield from Trout Brook Outlet for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

Trout Brook



The 2013 total annual TP load (5,078 lbs) at TBO was the second highest recorded at this monitoring station in comparison to the historical record (2005-2012) (Figure 10-30; Table 10-8). Total stormflow TP loading (2,762 lbs) was the majority of the total annual load (54%). Total baseflow TP load (1,650 lbs) was also significant, contributing 33% of the total load and was the highest baseflow load since 2006. Snowmelt was also a significant contributor to the 2013 TP load (661 lbs). The greatest monthly average TP concentration was observed in July 2013 (0.834 mg/L), which was over two-times higher than the historical average for July (0.372 mg/L). However, the 2013 July average concentration is based on only two samples. All months in 2013 (except April and October) exceeded monthly average storm TP concentrations at TBO.

Figure 10-30: Historical total monitored TP loads at Trout Brook Outlet for baseflow, stormflow, and snowmelt from 2005-2013.

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Figure 10-31: Monthly average storm sample TP concentrations in 2013 for Trout Brook Outlet and historical averages (2007-2012).

The stormflow cumulative TP yield at TBO in 2013 increased at a lower rate than the historical average April to mid-May, increased significantly due to large events mid-May and mid-June and then dropped below the average rate July to mid-September during a very dry period. The baseflow cumulative TP yield and TBO in 2013 steadily increased throughout the year and began exceeding the historical average rate beginning in June 2013 (Figure 10-32). From July onward, the 2013 TSS yield continued to increase steadily deviating significantly from the historical average. This is likely due to groundwater pumping into the Trout Brook Interceptor associated with construction from July to October. For combined cumulative TP yield, the 2013 trend line closely follows that of the historical mean (2005-2012) with the exception of decreases in rate from April to mid-May and mid-June to mid-August (Figure 10-32). Major changes in the trend line can be directly related to significant precipitation events in 2013 indicating stormflow is the primary driver of TP yields at TBO.

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Figure 10-32: Historical and 2013 cumulative TP yield from Trout Brook Outlet for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

Trout Brook


Total Nitrogen (TN)

The stormflow cumulative TN yield at TBO in 2013 greatly increased in May and June following large precipitation events and then yield increases slowed beginning in July when precipitation decreased. Because baseflow comprises the majority of the discharge at TBO, the total baseflow cumulative TN yield was much greater than the total stormflow yield at TBO. The rate of baseflow TN yield increase was close to the historical value until May when it began to deviate slightly and continued to increase steadily for the remainder of the year. The combined baseflow and stormflow cumulative yield throughout the year was similar to the historical mean (Figure 10-33). Since TN loading is primarily driven by baseflow, the combined cumulative TN yield trend line was very similar to the baseflow trend line.

Chloride (Cl-)

The stormflow cumulative Cl- yield at TBO generally increased at a lower rate than the historical mean in 2013 (Figure 10-34). Large increases in Cl- loading were observed in April, May, and June 2013. Stormflow Cl- yield generally slowed as precipitation events decreased in late summer to fall, 2013. Because the baseflow Cl- yield at TBO was substantially greater than the stormflow yield (Figure 10-34), the combined Cl- yield did not strongly reflect the influence of the trends in stormflow yield. The 2013 cumulative Cl- yield closely followed the historical average for the site (Figure 10-34).

Trout Brook


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Figure 10-33: Historical and 2013 cumulative TN yield from Trout Brook Outlet for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

Trout Brook


Figure 10-34: Historical and 2013 cumulative Cl- yield from Trout Brook Outlet for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

Trout Brook


10.5 2013 MONITORING SUMMARY - TROUT BROOK STORMWATER PONDS

The Trout Brook Subwatershed has four stormwater ponds that are monitored by CRWD: (1) Arlington-Jackson, (2) Westminster-Mississippi, (3) Willow Reserve, and (4) Sims-Agate. Each site has been monitored since 2006 using a Global Water level logger. The water level data from these stormwater ponds is used to calibrate hydrologic and hydraulic models for the Trout Brook Interceptor. The stormwater ponds are generally monitored from April to November (or, ice-out to ice-in). In 2013, the average water level in each stormwater pond was similar to previous monitoring years in the historical record (Table 10-1). However, each pond fluctuated in level throughout the year depending on annual precipitation trends (Figure 10-41, Figure 10-42, Figure 10-43, and Figure 10-44). All four of the stormwater ponds peaked in level following the June 21, 2013 event and then decreased in level into July, August, and September 2013 throughout the extended dry period. Sims-Agate shows particularly interesting level data with major fluctuations in August and September 2013, which can be attributed to construction activities during that time (a stop-block was installed in front of the weir to hold back water).

Table 10-1: Historic monitoring record (2006-2013) of average annual stormwater pond levels in the Trout Brook subwatershed.

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Arlington-Jackson 118.8 119.0 118.8 118.8 118.8 118.8 118.8 119.2 118.9

Westminster-Mississippi 107.3 107.6 107.6 107.6 108.1 108.1 109.3 107.4 107.9

Willow Reserve 149.6 150.1 149.8 149.7 NA 150.2 149.8 150.6 150.0

Sims-Agate 83.7 83.5 83.5 83.4 83.6 83.6 83.4 84.1 83.6

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Trout Brook


Table 10-2: Trout Brook-West Branch monitoring results for 2005-2013.

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013Subwatershed Area (ac) 2,379 2,379 2,379 2,379 2,379 2,379 2,379 2,379 2,379Total Rainfall (inches) 28.78 24.67 24.25 18.99 20.63 36.32 33.62 29.72 36.36Number of Monitoring Days 191 212 228 224 273 365 365 344 365Number of Storm Sampling Events 27 12 18 8 20 21 11 15 17Number of Storm Intervals 14 21 38 27 31 54 27 50 30Number of Snowmelt Sampling Events NA NA NA NA NA NA 6 2 1Number of Snowmelt Intervals NA NA NA NA NA NA 13 4 11Number of Base Sampling Events 6 10 10 13 16 15 19 19 16Number of Baseflow Intervals 32 23 36 28 30 51 33 44 39Total Discharge (cf) 141,113,120 105,996,024 178,456,040 136,464,730 173,066,683 333,565,680 328,689,637 284,097,170 344,928,332Storm Flow Subtotal (cf) 27,471,750 26,637,070 39,682,781 33,416,733 56,480,312 136,032,158 135,021,212 114,260,205 82,367,885Snowmelt Flow Subtotal (cf) NA NA NA NA NA NA 15,136,168 3,067,371 30,734,929Baseflow Subtotal (cf) 103,641,370 79,358,954 138,773,259 103,047,997 116,586,370 197,212,437 178,532,258 166,769,594 231,825,518Average TSS Concentration (mg/L) 270 266 109 375 130 203 70 69 200Total FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) 108 125 43 115 86 96 76 68 79Storm FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) 312 400 156 378 233 222 154 133 252Snowmelt FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) NA NA NA NA NA NA 73 58 61Base FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) 34 33 10 29 14 9 17 23 20Total TSS Loading (lbs) 950,788 827,991 476,080 978,540 927,558 1,991,582 1,555,358 1,203,283 1,697,347Storm TSS Loading (lbs) 730,597 665,210 386,111 788,964 747,671 1,881,829 1,298,980 949,463 1,296,088Snowmelt TSS Loading (lbs) NA NA NA NA NA NA 68,730 11,167 117,907Base TSS Loading (lbs) 220,191 162,781 89,468 189,576 104,904 109,272 187,648 242,653 283,352Total TSS Yield (lb/ac) 400 348 200 411 390 837 654 506 713Normalized Total TSS Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) 24 28 10 26 19 22 17 15 18Average TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.36 0.28 0.24 0.50 0.29 0.26 0.20 0.24 0.29Total FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.16 0.19 0.11 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.20 0.22 0.19Storm FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.41 0.42 0.31 0.47 0.41 0.37 0.34 0.41 0.42Snowmelt FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.27 0.27 0.25Base FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.08 0.11 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.09 0.10 0.10Total TP Loading (lbs) 1,440 1,249 1,255 1,453 1,739 3,820 4,116 3,983 4,134Storm TP Loading (lbs) 955 697 761 981 1,179 3,150 2,878 2,942 2,159Snowmelt TP Loading (lbs) NA NA NA NA NA NA 255 51 478Base TP Loading (lbs) 484 553 494 472 422 668 983 983 1,497Total TP Yield (lb/ac) 0.61 0.53 0.53 0.61 0.73 1.61 1.73 1.67 1.74Normalized Total TP Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.04


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Figure 10-36: 2013 Trout Brook-West Branch level, discharge, and precipitation.

Trout Brook


Sample Sampling Start Sampling End Ortho-P Cl Cd Cr Cu Pb Ni Zn NH3 TKN Total P NO3 NO2 TDS TSS VSS Hardness CBOD SO4 Fl E. coli Dissolved PType Date/Time Date/Time mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mpn/100 mL mg/LIllicit Discharge 08/06/2013 12:16 08/06/2013 13:31 - 65.8 - - - - - - - 1.6 0.20 - - - - - - - - 0.71 - -

ID Average - 65.8 - - - - - - - 1.6 0.20 - - - - - - - - 0.71 - -

Base Grab 02/21/2013 09:35 02/21/2013 09:35 0.007 74.0 0.00020 0.00076 0.00230 0.00150 0.00110 0.00610 0.290 1.0 0.06 0.62 0.03 333 15 5 220 1.0 9.0 - 166 -Base Grab 03/06/2013 08:30 03/06/2013 08:30 0.006 108.0 0.00020 0.00071 0.00160 0.00087 0.00093 0.00490 0.230 1.0 0.04 0.57 0.03 409 9 4 216 1.0 27.4 - 488 -Base Composite 05/15/2013 10:24 05/16/2013 09:34 0.005 97.8 0.00020 0.00074 0.00880 0.00110 0.00130 0.01800 0.080 0.9 0.10 0.65 0.03 415 17 7 220 1.7 23.5 - - -Base Grab 05/16/2013 10:10 05/16/2013 10:10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 866 -Base Grab 06/03/2013 10:00 06/03/2013 10:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 387 -Base Grab 06/04/2013 09:05 06/04/2013 09:05 0.009 91.8 0.00020 0.00042 0.00150 0.00026 0.00097 0.00480 0.150 0.9 0.13 0.57 0.03 381 7 5 200 3.0 20.3 - - -Base Grab 06/19/2013 09:00 06/19/2013 09:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 260 -Base Composite 06/19/2013 09:16 06/20/2013 09:31 0.005 93.2 0.00020 0.00032 0.00130 0.00042 0.00077 0.00660 0.020 0.7 0.06 0.42 0.03 361 4 2 168 2.6 20.0 - - 0.020Base Grab 07/02/2013 09:10 07/02/2013 09:10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 161 -Base Grab 07/03/2013 09:07 07/03/2013 09:07 0.047 79.1 0.00020 0.00044 0.00150 0.00060 0.00100 0.00490 0.130 1.1 0.09 0.59 0.04 340 8 4 188 - - - - 0.057Base Grab 07/16/2013 11:00 07/16/2013 11:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 260 -Base Composite 07/16/2013 11:01 07/17/2013 09:01 0.005 97.1 0.00020 0.00055 0.00230 0.00110 0.00110 0.01260 0.020 1.1 0.13 0.45 0.03 330 16 9 180 - - - - 0.027Base Grab 07/29/2013 10:25 07/29/2013 10:25 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 -Base Composite 07/29/2013 18:46 07/30/2013 09:16 0.012 86.6 0.00020 0.00058 0.01520 0.00150 0.00130 0.02060 0.120 1.0 0.07 0.78 0.07 328 15 6 212 - - - - 0.020Base Grab 08/12/2013 09:25 08/12/2013 09:25 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 770 -Base Composite 08/12/2013 09:31 08/13/2013 07:46 0.005 81.0 0.00020 0.00068 0.00270 0.00190 0.00130 0.01360 0.050 0.9 0.06 0.75 0.04 329 22 12 240 - - - - 0.020Base Grab 08/26/2013 10:00 08/26/2013 10:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 548 -Base Composite 08/26/2013 10:16 08/27/2013 08:16 0.005 74.9 0.00024 0.00220 0.00770 0.00650 0.00240 0.02760 0.020 1.9 0.19 0.65 0.04 320 68 24 192 3.0 - - - 0.020Base Grab 09/10/2013 11:05 09/10/2013 11:05 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 770 -Base Composite 09/10/2013 11:16 09/11/2013 10:16 0.005 71.7 0.00020 0.00170 0.00680 0.00550 0.00200 0.02770 0.020 1.3 0.28 0.64 0.03 318 56 23 196 - - - - 0.022Base Grab 09/24/2013 11:25 09/24/2013 11:25 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 649 -Base Composite 09/24/2013 11:31 09/25/2013 09:31 0.005 73.0 0.00020 0.00064 0.00190 0.00140 0.00096 0.02540 0.050 0.6 0.08 0.60 0.04 326 14 5 192 - - - - 0.020Base Grab 10/09/2013 10:20 10/09/2013 10:20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 345 -Base Composite 10/09/2013 10:31 10/10/2013 08:16 0.007 75.1 0.00020 0.00097 0.00300 0.00270 0.00120 0.01560 0.090 0.9 0.11 0.58 0.04 279 28 13 180 - - - - 0.020Base Grab 10/23/2013 10:20 10/23/2013 10:20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 649 -Base Composite 10/23/2013 10:31 10/23/2013 21:31 0.011 88.3 0.00020 0.00110 0.00330 0.00260 0.00130 0.01480 0.170 1.2 0.13 0.47 0.05 342 15 7 212 - - - - 0.020Base Grab 11/07/2013 10:55 11/07/2013 10:55 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 49 -Base Grab 11/08/2013 10:00 11/08/2013 10:00 0.012 70.1 0.00020 0.00059 0.00170 0.00100 0.00096 0.00930 0.200 0.7 0.08 0.44 0.03 313 10 3 204 - - - - 0.020Base Grab 12/12/2013 09:30 12/12/2013 09:30 0.011 125.4 0.00020 0.00290 0.00560 0.00600 0.00280 0.02130 0.550 1.9 0.25 0.96 0.03 680 61 16 480 - - - 8,600 0.020

Base Average 0.010 86.7 0.00020 0.00096 0.00420 0.00218 0.00134 0.01461 0.137 1.1 0.11 0.61 0.04 363 23 9 219 2.1 20.0 - 936 0.024

Snow melt Grab 04/03/2013 14:40 04/03/2013 14:40 0.075 94.5 0.00020 0.00110 0.00370 0.00160 0.00140 0.01470 0.440 2.6 0.21 0.48 0.03 353 14 7 168 3.1 15.7 - - -Snow melt Grab 04/23/2013 15:10 04/23/2013 15:10 0.017 122.0 0.00020 0.00260 0.00530 0.00430 0.00180 0.02460 0.150 1.1 0.10 0.40 0.03 278 24 9 84 1.8 10.4 - - -Storm Grab 04/09/2013 15:10 04/09/2013 15:10 0.025 70.3 0.00020 0.00180 0.00480 0.00300 0.00150 0.01990 0.290 1.2 0.11 0.40 0.03 215 12 6 96 2.7 10.2 - - -Storm Composite 05/01/2013 05:16 05/01/2013 15:01 0.049 69.7 0.00020 0.00310 0.01060 0.00450 0.00250 0.04640 0.280 1.6 0.20 0.70 0.04 265 43 18 116 7.6 15.4 - - -Storm Grab 05/01/2013 10:15 05/01/2013 10:15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 -Storm Composite 05/08/2013 20:31 05/09/2013 05:16 0.049 64.8 0.00020 0.00440 0.01730 0.00850 0.00430 0.07430 0.600 3.5 0.42 0.91 0.07 256 230 130 124 16.0 13.2 - - -Storm Composite 05/17/2013 07:31 05/17/2013 18:16 - 74.0 0.00020 0.00750 0.03050 0.01240 0.00670 0.11600 0.040 5.2 0.80 0.05 0.03 264 186 64 144 - 14.5 - - -Storm Composite 05/20/2013 23:16 05/21/2013 03:31 0.022 64.0 0.00020 0.00320 0.00910 0.00840 0.00390 0.03480 0.200 1.6 0.21 0.28 0.04 195 68 18 68 47.0 6.5 - - -Storm Composite 05/29/2013 23:47 05/30/2013 03:05 0.040 20.9 0.00020 0.00600 0.01450 0.01890 0.00530 0.06170 0.140 2.1 0.41 0.30 0.05 96 340 92 64 460.0 4.2 - - -Storm Composite 06/12/2013 10:16 06/12/2013 13:31 0.034 17.8 0.00020 0.00590 0.01310 0.01260 0.00500 0.05840 0.070 1.8 0.39 0.26 0.04 104 198 64 72 5.1 4.2 - - -Storm Composite 06/15/2013 15:47 06/15/2013 17:49 0.044 13.8 0.00020 0.00630 0.01480 0.01980 0.00540 0.06340 0.250 2.6 0.47 0.26 0.03 94 404 96 56 4.7 3.9 - - 0.061Storm Composite 06/21/2013 03:17 06/21/2013 06:05 0.076 10.6 0.00020 0.00400 0.01190 0.01380 0.00380 0.05060 0.100 2.3 0.46 0.81 0.03 78 156 43 52 - - - - 0.107Storm Composite 06/21/2013 20:16 06/21/2013 22:31 - 11.4 0.00020 0.00640 0.01430 0.02170 0.00510 0.06090 0.080 1.6 0.35 0.36 0.03 75 266 60 52 - - - - 0.062Storm Grab 07/09/2013 10:10 07/09/2013 10:10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18,700 -Storm Composite 07/13/2013 04:31 07/13/2013 09:17 - 12.7 0.00020 0.00380 0.01180 0.01000 0.00380 0.04480 0.070 1.1 0.24 0.21 0.03 75 142 31 48 - - - - 0.030Storm Composite 08/05/2013 03:16 08/05/2013 07:01 0.074 22.2 0.00020 0.00580 0.01580 0.01330 0.00570 0.06520 0.170 2.5 0.54 0.62 0.06 133 1,060 88 60 - - - - 0.083Storm Composite 08/06/2013 20:16 08/06/2013 23:16 0.005 23.2 - - - - - - 0.020 2.8 0.97 0.37 0.03 138 904 154 84 - - - - 0.020Storm Composite 08/29/2013 05:31 08/29/2013 08:16 0.007 12.3 0.00028 0.00920 0.02630 0.02590 0.00960 0.10800 0.040 3.9 0.69 0.07 0.06 109 370 72 72 15.0 9.4 - - 0.037Storm Composite 09/14/2013 20:31 09/14/2013 21:32 0.014 18.1 0.00038 0.00990 0.02910 0.02420 0.00820 0.15000 0.020 3.7 0.81 0.33 0.03 135 1,140 208 92 - - - - 0.038Storm Grab 09/18/2013 09:45 09/18/2013 09:45 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16,000 -Storm Composite 09/19/2013 11:46 09/19/2013 13:31 0.045 17.5 0.00020 0.00810 0.01740 0.01730 0.00690 0.08450 0.040 2.2 0.47 0.42 0.04 123 1,040 94 72 - - - - 0.054Storm Composite 10/02/2013 21:16 10/03/2013 04:46 0.074 35.4 0.00024 0.00900 0.01860 0.01950 0.00740 0.08270 0.300 1.6 0.41 0.48 0.05 87 139 37 112 - - - - 0.113Storm Composite 10/14/2013 23:31 10/15/2013 17:16 0.081 21.0 - - - - - - 0.020 1.0 0.27 0.20 0.03 112 94 27 - 7.9 7.8 - - 0.091



Actual number less than value (<)Actual number greater than value (>)Estimated concentration above the adjusted method detection limit and below the adjusted reporting limit.

- Not collected

Table 10-3: 2013 Trout Brook-West Branch laboratory data.

Trout Brook


Table 10-4: 2013 Trout Brook-West Branch loading table.



Volume (cf) Interval TP

(lb) Interval TSS (lb) Start End Start End

Base 0.06 13 01/01/2013 00:00 01/10/2013 17:30 4,705,780 16.51 3,701

Snowmelt 0.29 71 01/10/2013 17:45 01/12/2013 18:45 2,848,040 51.00 12,623

Base 0.06 13 01/13/2013 07:45 02/12/2013 07:15 11,114,970 39.00 8,743

Base Grab 02/21/2013 09:35 02/21/2013 09:35 0.06 15 02/15/2013 07:30 02/24/2013 11:00 3,026,960 11.72 2,834

Base 0.19 72 02/27/2013 05:15 03/01/2013 12:30 827,475 9.96 3,719

Snowmelt 0.29 71 03/01/2013 12:45 03/02/2013 08:45 310,848 5.57 1,378

Snowmelt 0.29 71 03/02/2013 09:00 03/03/2013 23:15 635,511 11.38 2,817

Base Grab 03/06/2013 08:30 03/06/2013 08:30 0.04 9 03/03/2013 23:30 03/08/2013 11:15 1,601,280 4.00 900

Snowmelt 0.29 71 03/08/2013 11:30 03/11/2013 13:15 3,715,140 66.53 16,466

Base 0.08 18 03/11/2013 13:30 03/14/2013 10:45 1,405,720 7.08 1,539

Snowmelt 0.29 71 03/14/2013 11:00 03/17/2013 15:45 2,325,840 41.65 10,309

Base 0.08 18 03/17/2013 16:00 03/25/2013 12:15 4,298,318 21.65 4,705

Snowmelt 0.29 71 03/25/2013 12:30 03/25/2013 23:15 443,255 7.94 1,965

Base 0.08 18 03/25/2013 23:30 03/26/2013 12:00 437,681 2.20 479

Snowmelt 0.29 71 03/26/2013 12:15 03/26/2013 20:30 473,965 8.49 2,101

Base 0.08 18 03/26/2013 20:45 03/27/2013 09:45 541,529 2.73 593

Snowmelt 0.29 71 03/27/2013 10:00 04/01/2013 05:15 10,770,600 192.87 47,738

Base 0.06 12 04/01/2013 05:30 04/06/2013 13:30 6,151,860 24.19 4,608

Storm 0.28 222 04/06/2013 13:45 04/07/2013 22:45 1,310,600 22.92 18,163

Storm 0.28 222 04/07/2013 23:00 04/09/2013 08:15 3,465,140 60.61 48,022

Storm Grab 04/09/2013 15:10 04/09/2013 15:10 0.11 12 04/09/2013 08:30 04/10/2013 00:30 1,275,200 9.08 955

Base 0.06 12 04/10/2013 00:45 04/11/2013 04:15 1,612,140 6.34 1,208

Snowmelt 0.29 71 04/11/2013 04:30 04/12/2013 04:45 1,642,340 29.41 7,279

Base 0.06 12 04/12/2013 05:00 04/14/2013 12:00 2,736,760 10.76 2,050

Snowmelt 0.29 71 04/14/2013 12:15 04/15/2013 07:00 1,326,080 23.75 5,878

Base 0.06 12 04/15/2013 07:15 04/21/2013 09:15 6,878,690 27.05 5,153

Snowmelt Grab 04/23/2013 15:10 04/23/2013 15:10 0.10 24 04/21/2013 09:30 04/25/2013 09:15 6,243,310 38.97 9,354

Base 0.06 12 04/25/2013 09:30 05/01/2013 01:00 9,713,450 38.20 7,276

Storm Composite 05/01/2013 05:16 05/01/2013 15:01 0.20 43 05/01/2013 01:15 05/02/2013 07:45 2,278,850 28.17 6,117

Base 0.10 24 05/02/2013 08:00 05/08/2013 20:00 8,203,370 50.01 12,436

Storm Composite 05/08/2013 20:31 05/09/2013 05:16 0.42 230 05/08/2013 20:15 05/09/2013 20:15 1,528,590 40.46 21,948

Base Composite 05/15/2013 10:24 05/16/2013 09:34 0.10 17 05/09/2013 20:30 05/17/2013 14:45 7,992,460 49.89 8,482

Storm Composite 05/17/2013 07:31 05/17/2013 18:16 0.80 186 05/17/2013 15:00 05/17/2013 21:15 572,582 28.60 6,648

Base 0.10 24 05/17/2013 21:30 05/18/2013 07:15 587,933 3.58 891

Trout Brook


Storm 0.42 210 05/18/2013 07:30 05/19/2013 06:45 3,056,780 81.09 40,108

Storm 0.42 210 05/19/2013 06:50 05/20/2013 10:10 9,519,220 252.53 124,902

Storm Composite 05/20/2013 23:16 05/21/2013 03:31 0.21 68 05/20/2013 10:15 05/21/2013 17:20 4,172,020 55.73 17,710

Base 0.10 24 05/21/2013 17:25 05/24/2013 12:45 9,002,540 54.88 13,648

Storm 0.42 210 05/24/2013 12:50 05/25/2013 04:55 2,066,720 54.83 27,118

Base 0.10 24 05/25/2013 05:00 05/29/2013 22:15 7,464,720 45.51 11,316

Storm Composite 05/29/2013 23:47 05/30/2013 03:05 0.41 340 05/29/2013 22:30 05/30/2013 16:00 2,896,370 73.59 61,475

Storm 0.42 210 05/30/2013 16:15 06/01/2013 01:00 3,218,570 85.38 42,231

Base Grab 06/04/2013 09:05 06/04/2013 09:05 0.13 7 06/01/2013 01:15 06/12/2013 09:15 13,377,960 106.90 5,846

Storm Composite 06/12/2013 10:16 06/12/2013 13:31 0.39 198 06/12/2013 09:30 06/12/2013 18:30 1,375,480 33.49 17,001

Base 0.07 8 06/12/2013 18:45 06/15/2013 15:15 4,327,680 19.51 2,161

Storm Composite 06/15/2013 15:47 06/15/2013 17:49 0.47 404 06/15/2013 15:30 06/16/2013 09:45 4,080,430 118.45 102,909

Base Composite 06/19/2013 09:16 06/20/2013 09:31 0.06 4 06/16/2013 10:00 06/21/2013 02:30 8,648,120 34.01 2,159

Storm Composite 06/21/2013 03:17 06/21/2013 06:05 0.46 156 06/21/2013 02:45 06/21/2013 19:45 3,957,050 113.88 38,536

Storm 0.49 248 06/21/2013 20:00 06/23/2013 06:10 11,945,000 366.80 184,722

Storm 0.49 248 06/23/2013 06:15 06/24/2013 00:15 3,467,990 106.49 53,630

Base 0.07 8 06/24/2013 00:30 06/26/2013 13:25 8,095,680 36.50 4,043

Storm 0.49 248 06/26/2013 13:30 06/26/2013 21:15 1,146,030 35.19 17,723

Base 0.07 8 06/26/2013 21:30 06/29/2013 03:00 4,728,410 21.32 2,361

Storm 0.49 248 06/29/2013 03:15 06/29/2013 12:45 1,676,540 51.48 25,927

Base Grab 07/03/2013 09:07 07/03/2013 09:07 0.09 8 06/29/2013 13:00 07/09/2013 08:00 14,618,181 77.57 7,300

Storm 0.41 216 07/09/2013 08:15 07/09/2013 18:30 1,346,140 34.49 18,125

Base 0.08 14 07/09/2013 18:45 07/13/2013 03:45 3,348,850 16.59 2,927

Storm Composite 07/13/2013 04:31 07/13/2013 09:17 0.24 142 07/13/2013 04:00 07/14/2013 08:45 3,843,090 56.86 34,067

Base Composite 07/16/2013 11:01 07/17/2013 09:01 0.13 16 07/14/2013 09:00 07/24/2013 06:15 8,902,780 71.69 8,892

Base Composite 07/29/2013 18:46 07/30/2013 09:16 0.07 15 07/24/2013 06:30 08/05/2013 02:15 8,404,710 38.83 7,870

Storm Composite 08/05/2013 03:16 08/05/2013 07:01 0.54 1,060 08/05/2013 02:30 08/05/2013 14:15 936,998 31.64 62,003

Base 0.09 18 08/05/2013 14:30 08/06/2013 19:30 965,206 5.62 1,086

Storm Composite 08/06/2013 20:16 08/06/2013 23:16 0.97 904 08/06/2013 19:45 08/07/2013 16:30 1,068,250 64.55 60,285

Base Composite 08/12/2013 09:31 08/13/2013 07:46 0.06 22 08/07/2013 16:45 08/18/2013 01:45 6,257,760 23.05 8,594

Base Composite 08/26/2013 10:16 08/27/2013 08:16 0.19 68 08/18/2013 02:00 08/29/2013 04:45 5,305,850 61.94 22,523

Storm Composite 08/29/2013 05:31 08/29/2013 08:16 0.69 370 08/29/2013 05:00 08/29/2013 14:30 1,186,110 50.94 27,396

Base Composite 09/10/2013 11:16 09/11/2013 10:16 0.28 56 08/29/2013 14:45 09/14/2013 19:45 8,058,080 139.34 28,170

Storm Composite 09/14/2013 20:31 09/14/2013 21:32 0.81 1,140 09/14/2013 20:00 09/16/2013 01:15 1,192,300 60.21 84,851

Base 0.07 21 09/16/2013 01:30 09/19/2013 09:30 1,662,629 7.67 2,180

Storm Composite 09/19/2013 11:46 09/19/2013 13:31 0.47 1,040 09/19/2013 09:45 09/20/2013 18:30 1,069,380 31.44 69,428

Base Composite 09/24/2013 11:31 09/25/2013 09:31 0.08 14 09/20/2013 18:45 10/02/2013 19:45 5,234,720 25.82 4,575

Storm Composite 10/02/2013 21:16 10/03/2013 04:46 0.41 139 10/02/2013 20:00 10/03/2013 11:30 1,956,910 49.72 16,981

Base 0.11 20 10/03/2013 11:45 10/04/2013 23:15 807,486 5.74 1,013

Trout Brook


Storm 0.42 137 10/04/2013 23:30 10/05/2013 08:45 645,175 16.92 5,518

Base Composite 10/09/2013 10:31 10/10/2013 08:16 0.11 28 10/05/2013 09:00 10/14/2013 23:00 4,731,280 31.60 8,270

Storm Composite 10/14/2013 23:31 10/15/2013 17:16 0.27 94 10/14/2013 23:15 10/17/2013 12:15 4,002,350 67.96 23,486

Base Composite 10/23/2013 10:31 10/23/2013 21:31 0.13 15 10/17/2013 12:30 11/04/2013 12:00 10,128,900 81.57 9,485

Storm 0.57 289 11/04/2013 12:15 11/07/2013 03:15 2,112,020 75.42 38,103

Base Grab 11/08/2013 10:00 11/08/2013 10:00 0.08 10 11/07/2013 03:30 12/01/2013 00:00 12,275,200 58.24 7,663

Base Grab 12/12/2013 09:30 12/12/2013 09:30 0.25 61 12/01/2013 00:15 12/31/2013 23:45 13,642,400 208.65 51,950


Storm Flow-Weighted Average 0.42 252 Storm Subtotal 82,367,885 2,159 1,296,088

Base Flow-Weighted Average 0.10 20 Base Subtotal 231,825,518 1,497 283,352

Total Flow-Weighted Average 0.19 79 Total 344,928,332 4,134 1,697,347


Trout Brook


Table 10-5: Trout Brook-East Branch monitoring results for 2006-2013.

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013Subwatershed Area (ac) 451 932 932 932 932 932 932 932Total Rainfall (inches) 23.87 23.92 17.91 20.63 36.27 33.43 30.01 36.36Number of Monitoring Days 191 220 220 273 359 349 357 365Number of Storm Sampling Events 11 24 14 18 19 11 17 15Number of Storm Intervals 27 30 19 32 37 32 34 32Number of Snowmelt Sampling Events NA NA NA NA NA 9 2 2Number of Snowmelt Intervals NA NA NA NA NA 10 6 12Number of Base Sampling Events 8 11 14 19 15 18 19 16Number of Baseflow Intervals 27 23 20 29 35 35 34 42Total Discharge (cf) 8,769,577 22,368,888 19,741,039 26,611,519 41,959,911 43,363,061 42,492,402 49,693,121Storm Flow Subtotal (cf) 7,411,730 14,214,980 9,634,182 11,911,763 21,073,199 19,264,104 15,359,967 16,230,742Snowmelt Flow Subtotal (cf) NA NA NA NA NA 2,405,051 2,496,397 7,466,757Baseflow Subtotal (cf) 1,357,847 8,153,908 10,106,857 14,699,756 20,886,712 21,693,906 24,636,038 25,995,622Average TSS Concentration (mg/L) 37 98 72 49 51 37 53 245Total FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) 44 71 70 39 44 46 54 123Storm FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) 51 105 132 79 83 79 109 332Snowmelt FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) NA NA NA NA NA 56 64 32Base FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) 7 11 11 8 5 16 19 18Total TSS Loading (lbs) 24,279 99,207 86,186 65,532 115,109 124,707 143,168 380,532Storm TSS Loading (lbs) 23,687 93,578 79,265 58,555 109,063 94,989 104,312 336,596Snowmelt TSS Loading (lbs) NA NA NA NA NA 8,365 10,019 14,872Base TSS Loading (lbs) 591 5,628 6,921 6,977 3,047 21,353 28,837 29,064Total TSS Yield (lb/ac) 54 106 92 70 124 134 154 408Normalized Total TSS Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) 10 16 16 9 10 10 12 28Average TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.22 0.24 0.18 0.17 0.28 0.20 0.22 0.32Total FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.28 0.21 0.18 0.15 0.26 0.20 0.21 0.26Storm FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.32 0.28 0.29 0.26 0.40 0.31 0.38 0.47Snowmelt FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) NA NA NA NA NA 0.20 0.32 0.29Base FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.12 0.10 0.09 0.12Total TP Loading (lbs) 155 292 218 245 683 544 550 804Storm TP Loading (lbs) 147 251 173 190 531 378 363 480Snowmelt TP Loading (lbs) NA NA NA NA NA 30 49 136Base TP Loading (lbs) 8 41 45 55 152 136 138 188Total TP Yield (lb/ac) 0.34 0.31 0.23 0.26 0.73 0.58 0.59 0.86Normalized Total TP Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.06


Trout Brook


2

4

6

5

10

0

100

200

300

Feb2013


2013 Trout Brook East BranchLevel, Velocity, and Discharge

ftft/

scf

s

1/1/2013 12:00:00 AM - 1/1/2014 12:00:00 AM


Figure 10-37: 2013 Trout Brook-East Branch level, velocity, and discharge.

Trout Brook


2

4

6

0

100

200

300

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Feb2013


2013 Trout Brook East BranchLevel, Discharge, and Precipitation

ftcf

sin

1/1/2013 12:00:00 AM - 1/1/2014 12:00:00 AM


Figure 10-38: 2013 Trout Brook-East Branch level, discharge, and precipitation.

Trout Brook


Table 10-6: 2013 Trout Brook-East Branch laboratory data.

Sample Sampling Start Sampling End Ortho-P Cl Cd Cr Cu Pb Ni Zn NH3 TKN Total P NO3 NO2 TDS TSS VSS Hardness CBOD SO4 E. coli Dissolved PType Date/Time Date/Time mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mpn/100 mL mg/LBase Grab 02/21/2013 09:15 02/21/2013 09:15 0.007 378.0 0.00020 0.00160 0.00330 0.00460 0.00310 0.02160 0.130 1.0 0.11 0.17 0.03 1,060 29 6 588 1.0 47.0 147 -Base Grab 03/06/2013 08:40 03/06/2013 08:40 0.060 531.0 0.00020 0.00075 0.00200 0.00170 0.00280 0.01470 0.400 1.5 0.17 0.15 0.03 1,410 8 3 536 2.2 46.3 56 -Base Composite 05/15/2013 10:31 05/15/2013 17:30 0.005 396.0 0.00020 0.00094 0.00370 0.00180 0.00280 0.01900 0.020 0.9 0.08 0.43 0.03 1,120 16 5 560 1.6 53.4 - -Base Grab 05/16/2013 09:45 05/16/2013 09:45 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 -Base Grab 06/03/2013 09:30 06/03/2013 09:30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 291 -Base Composite 06/03/2013 10:01 06/03/2013 22:15 0.010 346.0 0.00020 0.00037 0.00140 0.00041 0.00220 0.01330 0.050 1.0 0.14 0.52 0.03 1,020 9 4 508 1.9 43.4 - -Base Grab 06/19/2013 08:40 06/19/2013 08:40 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 866 -Base Composite 06/19/2013 09:16 06/20/2013 08:45 0.006 368.0 0.00020 0.00074 0.00860 0.00300 0.00250 0.02210 0.030 0.7 0.14 0.64 0.03 1,030 22 5 536 6.6 55.0 - 0.020Base Grab 07/02/2013 09:00 07/02/2013 09:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 921 -Base Composite 07/02/2013 09:31 07/03/2013 08:15 0.012 356.4 0.00020 0.00079 0.00190 0.00180 0.00270 0.01820 0.020 0.8 0.18 0.84 0.03 1,000 22 6 540 - - - 0.021Base Grab 07/16/2013 10:30 07/16/2013 10:30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 649 -Base Composite 07/16/2013 10:40 07/17/2013 08:30 0.009 355.6 0.00020 0.00038 0.00130 0.00072 0.00210 0.01030 0.020 1.0 0.14 0.46 0.03 1,000 7 3 504 - - - 0.068Base Grab 07/29/2013 10:15 07/29/2013 10:15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 179 -Base Composite 07/29/2013 10:31 07/30/2013 09:45 0.027 342.0 0.00020 0.00061 0.00200 0.00150 0.00220 0.01340 0.020 0.7 0.16 0.37 0.03 939 16 5 544 - - - 0.042Base Grab 08/12/2013 09:10 08/12/2013 09:10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 517 -Base Composite 08/12/2013 09:46 08/13/2013 08:15 0.024 408.1 0.00020 0.00033 0.00120 0.00220 0.00190 0.00990 0.020 0.7 0.05 0.33 0.03 983 10 5 532 - - - 0.020Base Grab 08/26/2013 09:50 08/26/2013 09:50 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 308 -Base Composite 08/26/2013 10:01 08/27/2013 07:45 0.014 370.6 0.00020 0.00190 0.00340 0.00500 0.00390 0.03070 0.020 0.9 0.15 0.18 0.03 983 39 10 528 4.6 - - 0.020Base Grab 09/10/2013 11:00 09/10/2013 11:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 308 -Base Composite 09/10/2013 11:01 09/11/2013 10:00 0.017 365.7 0.00020 0.00074 0.00160 0.00170 0.00230 0.01790 0.020 0.7 0.09 0.20 0.03 1,020 20 6 532 - - - 0.041Base Grab 09/24/2013 11:15 09/24/2013 11:15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 236 -Base Composite 09/24/2013 11:46 09/25/2013 09:00 0.021 393.6 0.00020 0.00060 0.00210 0.00140 0.00200 0.01350 0.020 0.8 0.18 0.20 0.03 1,020 12 4 554 - - - 0.020Base Grab 10/09/2013 10:10 10/09/2013 10:10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 88 -Base Composite 10/09/2013 10:46 10/10/2013 10:15 0.017 361.7 0.00020 0.00067 0.00210 0.00180 0.00220 0.01080 0.040 0.8 0.07 0.22 0.03 984 9 3 524 - - - 0.020Base Grab 10/23/2013 10:00 10/23/2013 10:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 36 -Base Composite 10/23/2013 10:16 10/24/2013 09:15 0.029 331.1 0.00020 0.00042 0.00180 0.00110 0.00200 0.00860 0.080 0.6 0.08 0.18 0.03 968 8 3 536 - - - 0.062Base Composite 11/07/2013 11:01 11/08/2013 09:45 0.026 308.7 0.00020 0.00130 0.00300 0.00330 0.00270 0.01760 0.060 0.7 0.19 0.14 0.03 945 27 7 520 - - - 0.020Base Grab 11/07/2013 10:45 11/07/2013 10:45 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 133 -Base Grab 12/12/2013 09:15 12/12/2013 09:15 0.018 295.4 0.00020 0.00098 0.00190 0.00260 0.00250 0.00960 0.150 0.7 0.08 0.23 0.03 924 15 3 500 - - 17 0.020

Base Average 0.019 369.2 0.00020 0.00082 0.00258 0.00216 0.00249 0.01570 0.069 0.8 0.13 0.33 0.03 1,025 17 5 534 3.0 49.0 298 0.031

Snow melt Grab 04/03/2013 14:25 04/03/2013 14:25 0.085 325.1 0.00020 0.00088 0.00380 0.00180 0.00260 0.01480 0.430 2.1 0.27 0.32 0.03 879 13 7 396 3.2 54.9 - -Snow melt Grab 04/23/2013 15:00 04/23/2013 15:00 0.020 414.5 0.00020 0.00350 0.00770 0.00250 0.00200 0.02740 0.150 1.5 0.11 0.72 0.03 876 13 4 160 1.7 22.0 - -Storm Grab 04/09/2013 15:00 04/09/2013 15:00 0.034 194.2 0.00020 0.00410 0.00760 0.00270 0.00240 0.02830 0.400 1.5 0.17 0.46 0.03 577 14 7 200 2.7 21.5 - -Storm Grab 05/01/2013 10:05 05/01/2013 10:05 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,414 -Storm Grab 05/01/2013 10:25 05/01/2013 10:25 0.058 302.3 0.00020 0.00170 0.00660 0.00150 0.00220 0.02150 0.250 1.8 0.26 0.38 0.03 754 12 6 264 4.2 36.7 - -Storm Composite 05/18/2013 08:00 05/18/2013 11:17 - 85.7 0.00020 0.00630 0.02100 0.01290 0.00470 0.09100 0.090 3.2 0.75 0.05 0.03 116 284 62 96 - 9.3 - -Storm Composite 05/29/2013 23:16 05/30/2013 03:01 0.067 50.2 0.00020 0.00660 0.01670 0.02140 0.00550 0.08180 0.170 2.5 0.51 0.26 0.05 174 472 86 76 8.9 7.9 - -Storm Composite 06/12/2013 10:01 06/12/2013 14:00 0.059 52.7 0.00020 0.00590 0.01260 0.00980 0.00350 0.05280 0.100 1.9 0.41 0.24 0.04 179 - 423 88 6.0 8.3 - -Storm Composite 06/15/2013 16:15 06/15/2013 17:19 0.073 26.5 0.00022 0.01790 0.02320 0.02040 0.00610 0.08810 0.150 2.2 0.49 0.25 0.03 130 318 60 60 3.3 6.6 - 0.283Storm Composite 06/21/2013 03:00 06/21/2013 04:46 0.085 39.4 0.00020 0.00420 0.01670 0.01550 0.00430 0.07010 0.020 3.5 0.69 0.36 0.03 127 336 84 56 - - - 0.131Storm Composite 06/21/2013 20:16 06/21/2013 21:02 - 17.4 0.00039 0.01580 0.03630 0.03870 0.00920 0.14600 0.080 2.9 0.67 0.20 0.03 65 476 118 48 - - - 0.075Storm Composite 06/29/2013 03:30 06/29/2013 09:30 - 41.8 0.00020 0.00220 0.00590 0.00450 0.00200 0.02660 0.040 1.0 0.28 0.13 0.04 131 448 26 76 - - - 0.097Storm Composite 07/09/2013 08:31 07/09/2013 19:45 - - - - - - - - - 1.4 0.29 - - - 267 19 - - - - -Storm Grab 07/09/2013 10:00 07/09/2013 10:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 122,300 -Storm Composite 08/05/2013 03:16 08/05/2013 08:15 - 94.5 0.00020 0.00320 0.01320 0.01050 0.00400 0.07150 - 2.6 0.67 0.97 0.09 - 977 78 132 - - - 0.134Storm Composite 08/29/2013 05:16 08/29/2013 11:00 0.005 63.1 0.00025 0.00800 0.02340 0.02260 0.00720 0.09860 0.020 4.3 0.82 0.05 0.03 196 2,100 260 76 23.0 12.6 - 0.033Storm Composite 09/14/2013 20:31 09/15/2013 08:00 0.076 143.9 0.00027 0.00790 0.02050 0.01980 0.00860 0.12300 0.030 3.0 0.76 0.27 0.08 426 282 107 180 - - - 0.098Storm Grab 09/18/2013 09:40 09/18/2013 09:40 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2,420 -Storm Composite 09/19/2013 11:30 09/19/2013 17:00 0.115 124.9 0.00020 0.00960 0.01540 0.01390 0.00530 0.07410 0.110 2.8 0.84 0.39 0.04 388 1,060 358 168 - - - 0.171Storm Composite 10/02/2013 21:16 10/03/2013 01:31 0.129 49.4 0.00024 0.00880 0.01560 0.01390 0.00540 0.07210 0.310 1.9 0.57 0.49 0.04 166 677 112 68 - - - 0.187Storm Composite 10/15/2013 00:31 10/15/2013 06:16 0.160 32.6 0.00020 0.00300 0.00800 0.00510 0.00290 0.03660 0.020 0.9 0.39 0.12 0.03 140 61 17 28 12.0 7.2 - 0.177


Annual Average 0.044 241.4 0.00021 0.00372 0.00895 0.00764 0.00357 0.04168 0.108 1.6 0.32 0.33 0.04 679 245 56 325 5.5 28.8 6,889 0.080Annual Maximum 0.160 531.0 0.00039 0.01790 0.03630 0.03870 0.00920 0.14600 0.430 4.3 0.84 0.97 0.09 1410 2,100 423 588 23.0 55.0 122,300 0.283Annual Minimum 0.005 17.4 0.00020 0.00033 0.00120 0.00041 0.00190 0.00860 0.020 0.6 0.05 0.05 0.03 65 7 3 28 1.0 6.6 9 0.020Annual Median 0.026 308.7 0.00020 0.00170 0.00590 0.00300 0.00270 0.02210 0.055 1.2 0.19 0.26 0.03 902 22 7 396 3.3 22.0 291 0.052


- Not collected

Trout Brook


Table 10-7: 2013 Trout Brook-East Branch loading table.

Sample Type


TSS(mg/L) Loading Interval Interval



Base 0.12 60 01/01/2013 00:00 01/10/2013 17:10 628,712 4.54 2,341

Snowmelt 0.31 34 01/10/2013 17:20 01/12/2013 17:20 504,042 9.72 1,070

Base Grab 02/21/2013 09:15 02/21/2013 09:15 0.11 29 01/12/2013 17:30 03/01/2013 00:00 3,246,220 22.49 5,877

Base Grab 03/06/2013 08:40 03/06/2013 08:40 0.17 8 03/01/2013 00:10 03/08/2013 11:10 575,257 6.03 287

Snowmelt 0.31 34 03/08/2013 11:20 03/11/2013 07:50 827,804 15.97 1,757

Base 0.17 21 03/11/2013 08:00 03/13/2013 10:10 188,762 2.01 247

Snowmelt 0.31 34 03/13/2013 10:20 03/17/2013 03:40 527,244 10.17 1,119

Base 0.17 21 03/17/2013 03:50 03/22/2013 09:10 366,090 3.90 480

Snowmelt 0.31 34 03/22/2013 09:20 03/24/2013 04:50 235,142 4.54 499

Base 0.17 21 03/24/2013 05:00 03/25/2013 09:20 96,444 1.03 126

Snowmelt 0.31 34 03/25/2013 09:30 04/01/2013 04:10 2,426,580 46.81 5,150

Base 0.07 7 04/01/2013 04:20 04/03/2013 10:50 207,613 0.87 91

Snowmelt Grab 04/03/2013 14:25 04/03/2013 14:25 0.27 13 04/03/2013 11:00 04/04/2013 09:10 98,299 1.64 80

Snowmelt 0.31 34 04/04/2013 09:20 04/05/2013 03:30 91,465 1.76 194

Base 0.07 7 04/05/2013 03:40 04/06/2013 10:20 114,673 0.48 50

Storm 0.28 87 04/06/2013 10:30 04/06/2013 23:40 79,461 1.39 430

Base 0.07 7 04/06/2013 23:50 04/07/2013 22:00 90,970 0.38 40

Storm 0.28 87 04/07/2013 22:10 04/08/2013 22:20 712,655 12.44 3,853

Base 0.07 7 04/08/2013 22:30 04/09/2013 07:30 41,112 0.17 18

Storm Grab 04/09/2013 15:00 04/09/2013 15:00 0.17 14 04/09/2013 07:40 04/10/2013 22:10 349,628 3.71 306

Base 0.07 7 04/10/2013 22:20 04/11/2013 02:50 22,666 0.10 10

Snowmelt 0.31 34 04/11/2013 03:00 04/13/2013 04:00 497,038 9.59 1,055

Base 0.07 7 04/13/2013 04:10 04/14/2013 10:50 133,853 0.56 58

Snowmelt 0.31 34 04/14/2013 11:00 04/15/2013 11:20 331,193 6.39 703

Base 0.07 7 04/15/2013 11:30 04/17/2013 17:20 250,176 1.05 109

Storm 0.28 87 04/17/2013 17:30 04/19/2013 07:00 372,230 6.50 2,012

Snowmelt 0.31 34 04/19/2013 07:10 04/22/2013 13:10 853,402 16.46 1,811

Snowmelt Grab 04/23/2013 15:00 04/23/2013 15:00 0.11 13 04/22/2013 13:20 04/24/2013 10:30 646,243 4.44 524

Snowmelt 0.31 34 04/24/2013 10:40 04/27/2013 04:30 428,305 8.26 909

Base 0.07 7 04/27/2013 04:45 05/01/2013 04:30 446,215 1.88 195

Storm Grab 05/01/2013 10:25 05/01/2013 10:25 0.26 12 05/01/2013 04:45 05/02/2013 09:15 246,358 3.98 185

Base Composite 05/15/2013 10:31 05/15/2013 17:30 0.08 16 05/02/2013 09:30 05/18/2013 07:00 1,662,420 8.41 1,660

Storm Composite 05/18/2013 08:00 05/18/2013 11:17 0.75 284 05/18/2013 07:15 05/18/2013 20:25 465,457 21.88 8,252

Trout Brook


Base 0.07 10 05/18/2013 20:30 05/19/2013 06:30 72,404 0.32 43

Storm 0.37 178 05/19/2013 06:45 05/19/2013 15:30 158,730 3.64 1,760

Storm 0.37 178 05/19/2013 15:35 05/20/2013 22:55 1,701,080 38.97 18,856

Storm 0.37 178 05/20/2013 23:00 05/21/2013 09:15 313,146 7.17 3,471

Base 0.07 10 05/21/2013 09:20 05/24/2013 23:45 548,700 2.39 325

Storm 0.37 178 05/24/2013 23:50 05/25/2013 14:55 205,299 4.70 2,276

Base 0.07 10 05/25/2013 15:00 05/29/2013 22:15 457,284 1.99 271

Storm Composite 05/29/2013 23:16 05/30/2013 03:01 0.51 472 05/29/2013 22:30 05/31/2013 01:30 578,064 18.48 17,033

Storm 0.37 178 05/31/2013 01:45 05/31/2013 18:15 175,292 4.02 1,943

Base Composite 06/03/2013 10:01 06/03/2013 22:15 0.14 9 05/31/2013 18:30 06/09/2013 02:45 750,723 6.56 422

Storm 0.39 179 06/09/2013 03:00 06/09/2013 21:15 189,436 4.63 2,117

Base 0.10 12 06/09/2013 21:30 06/12/2013 09:15 223,889 1.43 169

Storm 06/12/2013 10:01 06/12/2013 14:00 0.41 179 06/12/2013 09:30 06/13/2013 00:25 384,051 9.71 4,291

Base 0.10 12 06/13/2013 00:30 06/15/2013 15:15 264,171 1.69 199

Storm Composite 06/15/2013 16:15 06/15/2013 17:19 0.49 318 06/15/2013 15:30 06/16/2013 17:20 1,169,570 36.07 23,218

Base Composite 06/19/2013 09:16 06/20/2013 08:45 0.14 22 06/16/2013 17:25 06/21/2013 02:30 434,418 3.85 597

Storm Composite 06/21/2013 03:00 06/21/2013 04:46 0.69 336 06/21/2013 02:45 06/21/2013 13:35 853,527 36.98 17,903

Base 0.10 12 06/21/2013 13:40 06/21/2013 19:55 102,222 0.65 77

Storm Composite 06/21/2013 20:16 06/21/2013 21:02 0.67 476 06/21/2013 20:00 06/22/2013 13:50 2,507,470 104.25 74,509

Base 0.10 12 06/22/2013 13:55 06/23/2013 06:05 431,562 2.77 325

Storm 0.39 179 06/23/2013 06:10 06/24/2013 06:45 748,412 18.31 8,363

Base 0.10 12 06/24/2013 06:50 06/26/2013 13:15 781,071 5.00 589

Storm 0.39 179 06/26/2013 13:30 06/26/2013 23:50 225,155 5.51 2,516

Base 0.10 12 06/26/2013 23:55 06/28/2013 18:30 206,255 1.32 156

Storm 0.39 179 06/28/2013 18:45 06/29/2013 02:45 80,696 1.97 902

Storm Composite 06/29/2013 03:30 06/29/2013 09:30 0.28 448 06/29/2013 03:00 06/29/2013 18:00 536,080 9.47 14,993

Base Composite 07/02/2013 09:31 07/03/2013 08:15 0.18 22 06/29/2013 18:05 07/09/2013 08:00 926,918 10.59 1,273

Storm Composite 07/09/2013 08:31 07/09/2013 19:45 0.29 267 07/09/2013 08:15 07/09/2013 19:50 609,507 11.15 10,159

Base 0.10 10 07/09/2013 19:55 07/13/2013 03:45 324,314 2.04 210

Storm 0.36 136 07/13/2013 04:00 07/13/2013 20:45 782,928 17.70 6,640

Base Composite 07/16/2013 10:40 07/17/2013 08:30 0.14 7 07/13/2013 20:50 07/24/2013 00:00 922,690 8.18 403

Base Composite 07/29/2013 10:31 07/30/2013 09:45 0.16 16 07/24/2013 00:15 08/05/2013 02:15 1,069,100 10.75 1,068

Storm Composite 08/05/2013 03:16 08/05/2013 08:15 0.67 977 08/05/2013 02:30 08/05/2013 15:30 210,411 8.73 12,833

Base 0.10 12 08/05/2013 15:45 08/06/2013 19:30 107,924 0.67 84

Storm 0.32 228 08/06/2013 19:45 08/07/2013 03:45 101,407 2.02 1,444

Base Composite 08/12/2013 09:46 08/13/2013 08:15 0.05 10 08/07/2013 04:00 08/19/2013 12:00 920,634 3.10 575

Base Composite 08/26/2013 10:01 08/27/2013 07:45 0.15 39 08/19/2013 12:15 08/29/2013 04:45 703,861 6.55 1,714

Storm Composite 08/29/2013 05:16 08/29/2013 11:00 0.82 2,100 08/29/2013 05:00 08/29/2013 14:30 366,526 18.85 48,050

Base Composite 09/10/2013 11:01 09/11/2013 10:00 0.09 20 08/29/2013 14:45 09/14/2013 19:30 1,060,680 6.22 1,324

Trout Brook


Storm Composite 09/14/2013 20:31 09/15/2013 08:00 0.76 282 09/14/2013 19:45 09/15/2013 13:30 197,620 9.33 3,479

Base 0.12 7 09/15/2013 13:45 09/19/2013 11:00 321,787 2.47 144

Storm Composite 09/19/2013 11:30 09/19/2013 17:00 0.84 1,060 09/19/2013 11:15 09/20/2013 01:45 154,396 8.09 10,217

Base Composite 09/24/2013 11:46 09/25/2013 09:00 0.18 12 09/20/2013 02:00 10/02/2013 20:00 1,009,230 11.09 756

Storm Composite 10/02/2013 21:16 10/03/2013 01:31 0.57 677 10/02/2013 20:15 10/03/2013 16:15 711,287 25.40 30,061

Base 0.08 10 10/03/2013 16:30 10/04/2013 23:15 123,818 0.63 74

Storm 0.37 81 10/04/2013 23:30 10/05/2013 13:30 219,737 5.02 1,116

Base Composite 10/09/2013 10:46 10/10/2013 10:15 0.07 9 10/05/2013 13:45 10/14/2013 23:00 723,610 3.21 407

Storm Composite 10/15/2013 00:31 10/15/2013 06:16 0.39 61 10/14/2013 23:15 10/15/2013 22:15 613,342 14.74 2,336

Base 0.08 10 10/15/2013 22:30 10/17/2013 20:00 172,332 0.88 103

Storm 0.37 81 10/17/2013 20:15 10/18/2013 18:45 211,784 4.84 1,076

Base Composite 10/23/2013 10:16 10/24/2013 09:15 0.08 8 10/18/2013 19:00 10/28/2013 12:00 765,412 3.58 382

Base Composite 11/07/2013 11:01 11/08/2013 09:45 0.19 27 10/28/2013 12:15 11/25/2013 00:00 2,097,850 24.62 3,536

Base Grab 12/12/2013 09:15 12/12/2013 09:15 0.08 15 11/25/2013 00:15 12/12/2013 23:45 2,401,580 11.69 2,249




Total Flow-Weighted Average 0.26 123 Total 49,693,121 804 380,532


Trout Brook


2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013Subwatershed Area (ac) 5,028 5,028 5,028 5,028 5,028 5,028 5,028 5,028 5,028Total Rainfall (inches) 29.28 24.67 24.23 15.54 20.95 36.32 24.53 30.26 36.36Number of Monitoring Days 198 210 226 198 276 364 344 359 365Number of Storm Sampling Events 23 21 19 14 23 24 6 18 19Number of Storm Intervals 15 40 38 26 33 52 20 48 30Number of Snowmelt Sampling Events NA NA NA NA NA NA 3 1 2Number of Snowmelt Intervals NA NA NA NA NA NA 6 4 11Number of Illicit Discharge Sampling Events NA NA NA NA 0 0 0 0 1Number of Illicit Discharge Intervals NA NA NA NA 0 0 0 0 1Number of Base Sampling Events 5 18 10 14 16 14 13 20 16Number of Baseflow Intervals 33 43 29 25 25 32 24 40 37Total Discharge (cf) 292,595,899 438,485,575 388,392,876 279,271,142 356,849,169 496,585,344 533,045,947 481,542,037 536,193,654Storm Flow Subtotal (cf) 80,113,383 88,748,004 133,852,477 88,336,642 113,482,177 180,006,459 126,247,447 167,030,961 91,385,535Snowmelt Flow Subtotal (cf) NA NA NA NA NA NA 69,637,200 3,307,320 33,744,420Illicit Discharge Subtotal (cf) NA NA NA NA 0 0 0 0 507,608Baseflow Subtotal (cf) 212,482,516 349,737,571 254,540,399 190,934,500 243,366,992 316,578,885 337,161,300 311,203,756 410,556,091Average TSS Concentration (mg/L) 311 141 198 82 104 156 47 54 177Total FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) 71 50 102 60 56 82 45 43 65Storm FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) 201 199 285 175 159 211 129 97 282Snowmelt FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) NA NA NA NA NA NA 43 123 87Illicit Discharge FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) NA NA NA NA 0 0 0 0 39Base FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) 20 12 6 8 8 9 13 13 15Total TSS Loading (lbs) 1,306,755 1,363,229 2,474,834 1,054,580 1,143,682 2,557,705 1,484,552 1,281,255 2,164,883Storm TSS Loading (lbs) 1,054,690 1,104,384 2,377,790 963,965 1,027,807 2,374,988 1,013,270 1,012,503 1,608,203Snowmelt TSS Loading (lbs) NA NA NA NA NA NA 187,628 25,491 182,492Illicit Discharge TSS Loading (lbs) NA NA NA NA 0 0 0 0 1,236Base TSS Loading (lbs) 252,065 258,845 97,044 90,615 115,875 182,717 283,654 248,311 372,953Total TSS Yield (lb/ac) 320 271 492 210 227 509 295 255 431Normalized Total TSS Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) 20 11 23 14 12 19 10 10 15Average TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.51 0.26 0.30 0.20 0.28 0.31 0.15 0.17 0.30Total FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.15 0.13 0.18 0.16 0.16 0.18 0.15 0.14 0.15Storm FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.34 0.39 0.41 0.39 0.41 0.40 0.30 0.27 0.48Snowmelt FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.22 0.41 0.31Illicit Discharge FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) NA NA NA NA 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.16Base FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.06Total TP Loading (lbs) 2,698 3,630 4,249 2,845 3,638 5,529 4,831 4,162 5,077Storm TP Loading (lbs) 1,742 2,155 3,438 2,175 2,874 4,482 2,366 2,864 2,762Snowmelt TP Loading (lbs) NA NA NA NA NA NA 959 85 661Illicit Discharge TP Loading (lbs) NA NA NA NA 0 0 0 0 5Base TP Loading (lbs) 956 1,476 811 670 764 1,047 1,505 1,212 1,650Total TP Yield (lb/ac) 0.70 0.72 0.85 0.57 0.72 1.10 0.96 0.83 1.01Normalized Total TP Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03

NA: Not available. Illicit discharge events w ere not monitored or sampled until 2009. Snow melt events w ere not monitored or sampled until 2011.

Table 10-8: Trout Brook Outlet monitoring results for 2005-2013.

Trout Brook


1

2

3

4

5

4

6

8

10

12

0

100

200

300

400

500

Feb2013


2013 Trout Brook OutletLevel, Velocity, and Discharge

ftft/

scf

s

1/1/2013 12:00:00 AM - 1/1/2014 12:00:00 AM


Figure 10-39: 2013 Trout Brook Outlet level, velocity, and discharge.

Trout Brook


1

2

3

4

5

0

100

200

300

400

500

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Feb2013


2013 Trout Brook OutletLevel, Discharge, and Precipitation

ftcf

sin

1/1/2013 12:00:00 AM - 1/1/2014 12:00:00 AM


Figure 10-40: 2013 Trout Brook Outlet level, discharge, and precipitation.

Trout Brook


Table 10-9: 2013 Trout Brook Outlet laboratory data. Sample Sampling Start Sampling End Ortho-P Cl Cd Cr Cu Pb Ni Zn NH3 TKN Total P NO3 NO2 TDS TSS VSS Hardness CBOD SO4 Fl E. coli Dissolved PType Date/Time Date/Time mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mpn/100 mL mg/LIllicit Discharge 07/29/2013 11:17 07/29/2013 18:46 0.012 150.1 0.00020 0.00130 0.00430 0.00290 0.00200 0.01890 0.110 1.4 0.16 0.86 0.03 611 39 9 380 5.7 - 0.36 - 0.029

ID Average 0.012 150.1 0.00020 0.00130 0.00430 0.00290 0.00200 0.01890 0.110 1.4 0.16 0.86 0.03 611 39 9 380 5.7 - 0.36 - 0.029

Base Grab 02/21/2013 10:15 02/21/2013 10:15 0.005 161.0 0.00020 0.00091 0.00200 0.00130 0.00140 0.01080 0.220 0.8 0.05 0.90 0.03 611 12 4 400 1.0 66.8 - 88 -Base Grab 03/06/2013 09:20 03/06/2013 09:20 0.005 179.0 0.00020 0.00084 0.00200 0.00120 0.00140 0.00750 0.280 1.1 0.05 0.82 0.03 717 11 5 396 1.0 59.4 - 276 -Base Composite 05/15/2013 09:47 05/16/2013 07:31 0.005 156.0 0.00020 0.00036 0.00200 0.00046 0.00120 0.01560 0.140 1.0 0.06 0.96 0.03 630 6 3 356 1.0 50.3 - - -Base Grab 05/16/2013 10:15 05/16/2013 10:15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 291 -Base Grab 06/03/2013 09:35 06/03/2013 09:35 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 248 -Base Composite 06/03/2013 09:47 06/03/2013 22:01 0.007 140.1 0.00020 0.00043 0.00170 0.00039 0.00120 0.00840 0.140 1.1 0.10 0.75 0.03 556 9 6 292 1.8 37.7 - - -Base Grab 06/19/2013 09:10 06/19/2013 09:10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 186 -Base Composite 06/19/2013 09:16 06/20/2013 07:01 0.005 123.0 0.00020 0.00033 0.00120 0.00038 0.00094 0.00860 0.100 0.8 0.07 0.69 0.04 512 4 2 264 2.2 36.8 - - 0.020Base Grab 07/02/2013 08:30 07/02/2013 08:30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 201 -Base Composite 07/02/2013 08:47 07/03/2013 08:16 0.007 133.4 0.00028 0.00084 0.00370 0.00210 0.00140 0.01140 0.060 1.2 0.11 0.81 0.04 464 19 6 272 - - - - 0.021Base Grab 07/16/2013 11:25 07/16/2013 11:25 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 219 -Base Composite 07/16/2013 11:47 07/17/2013 09:16 0.005 155.8 0.00020 0.00066 0.00240 0.00170 0.00150 0.01220 0.060 1.3 0.11 0.76 0.05 547 17 7 312 - - - - 0.020Base Grab 07/29/2013 11:05 07/29/2013 11:05 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 219 -Base Composite 07/29/2013 19:01 07/30/2013 06:16 0.011 164.7 0.00020 0.00027 0.00770 0.00041 0.00130 0.02130 0.160 1.1 0.05 0.91 0.04 645 8 3 404 - - - - 0.020Base Grab 08/12/2013 09:50 08/12/2013 09:50 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 548 -Base Composite 08/12/2013 10:02 08/13/2013 09:31 0.005 159.2 0.00020 0.00250 0.00130 0.00051 0.00130 0.00750 0.150 0.8 0.05 0.90 0.04 662 6 3 412 - - - - 0.020Base Grab 08/26/2013 09:30 08/26/2013 09:30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 225 -Base Composite 08/26/2013 09:47 08/27/2013 09:01 0.013 177.0 0.00020 0.00042 0.00150 0.00140 0.00140 0.01010 0.080 0.8 0.05 0.80 0.04 654 12 5 420 3.0 - - - 0.020Base Grab 09/10/2013 09:45 09/10/2013 09:45 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,733 -Base Composite 09/10/2013 10:02 09/11/2013 08:01 0.005 158.4 0.00020 0.00036 0.00140 0.00110 0.00120 0.01610 0.060 0.6 0.05 0.78 0.05 599 10 6 392 - - - - 0.020Base Grab 09/24/2013 11:50 09/24/2013 11:50 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 387 -Base Composite 09/24/2013 12:02 09/24/2013 20:31 0.005 194.1 0.00020 0.00028 0.00130 0.00140 0.00100 0.01350 0.080 0.7 0.06 0.74 0.05 701 5 2 404 - - - - 0.020Base Grab 10/09/2013 11:30 10/09/2013 11:30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 687 -Base Composite 10/09/2013 12:02 10/10/2013 09:31 0.005 167.3 0.00020 0.00046 0.00170 0.00098 0.00110 0.00750 0.130 1.0 0.06 0.92 0.05 570 10 5 392 - - - - 0.020Base Grab 10/23/2013 11:05 10/23/2013 11:05 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 219 -Base Composite 10/23/2013 11:17 10/24/2013 05:16 0.009 142.0 0.00020 0.00200 0.00250 0.00210 0.00200 0.01210 0.170 1.0 0.08 0.67 0.05 540 47 7 340 - - - - 0.026Base Grab 11/07/2013 10:25 11/07/2013 10:25 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 101 -Base Composite 11/07/2013 11:47 11/08/2013 10:01 0.008 118.9 0.00020 0.00062 0.00200 0.00130 0.00110 0.00790 0.170 0.8 0.08 0.70 0.04 526 14 4 356 - - - - 0.020Base Grab 12/12/2013 12:30 12/12/2013 12:30 0.010 209.0 0.00020 0.00041 0.00120 0.00100 0.00150 0.00590 0.270 1.1 0.07 1.13 0.03 851 10 2 524 - - - 1,120 0.020

Base Average 0.007 158.7 0.00021 0.00073 0.00223 0.00111 0.00131 0.01103 0.142 0.9 0.07 0.83 0.04 612 13 4 371 1.7 50.2 - 422 0.021

Snow melt Grab 04/03/2013 15:25 04/03/2013 15:25 0.055 131.6 0.00020 0.00095 0.00350 0.00170 0.00150 0.01360 0.360 1.8 0.19 0.62 0.04 478 15 7 240 2.8 33.9 - - -Snow melt Grab 04/23/2013 14:40 04/23/2013 14:40 0.014 224.6 0.00020 0.00420 0.00810 0.00970 0.00250 0.03470 0.160 1.4 0.14 0.51 0.03 480 44 14 124 1.2 16.8 - - -Storm Grab 04/09/2013 14:45 04/09/2013 14:45 0.033 92.7 0.00020 0.00260 0.00650 0.00480 0.00200 0.02710 0.460 1.2 0.15 0.48 0.03 296 20 8 124 2.5 16.3 - - -Storm Grab 05/01/2013 09:50 05/01/2013 09:50 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 45 -Storm Composite 05/08/2013 23:17 05/09/2013 00:46 0.071 90.9 - - - - - - 0.790 4.0 0.62 1.08 0.10 360 935 280 - 23.0 23.3 - - -Storm Composite 05/18/2013 08:47 05/18/2013 16:02 - 62.0 0.00020 0.00540 0.01530 0.01260 0.00440 0.05820 0.070 2.2 0.46 0.22 0.04 244 90 24 164 - 11.3 - - -Storm Composite 05/20/2013 23:34 05/21/2013 02:16 0.044 55.0 0.00023 0.00820 0.01880 0.02830 0.00760 0.06610 0.250 2.5 0.42 0.33 0.08 216 374 66 76 5.0 10.2 - - -Storm Composite 05/29/2013 23:32 05/30/2013 04:31 0.046 41.1 0.00021 0.00870 0.02060 0.03430 0.00860 0.07410 0.150 2.3 0.50 0.28 0.09 164 276 82 82 7.5 8.5 - - -Storm Composite 06/12/2013 10:17 06/12/2013 23:31 - 76.8 0.00020 0.00580 0.01250 0.01630 0.00500 0.04790 0.070 2.7 0.34 0.40 0.05 271 160 29 132 3.7 16.0 - - -Storm Composite 06/15/2013 15:48 06/15/2013 19:04 0.049 22.0 0.00021 0.00920 0.01820 0.02670 0.00630 0.06840 0.170 2.2 0.44 0.28 0.04 111 234 64 52 3.5 5.9 - - 0.061Storm Composite 06/21/2013 03:02 06/21/2013 07:33 0.076 27.5 0.00025 0.00980 0.02390 0.03850 0.00950 0.07790 0.130 2.8 0.65 0.36 0.04 114 367 99 64 - - - - 0.100Storm Composite 06/21/2013 20:16 06/21/2013 22:40 - 17.4 0.00039 0.01630 0.03360 0.06270 0.01460 0.10900 0.080 2.2 0.70 0.60 0.07 109 396 68 68 - - - - 0.065Storm Composite 07/09/2013 08:32 07/09/2013 09:46 0.031 43.3 0.00062 0.02570 0.06290 0.10200 0.02320 0.19200 0.050 4.5 1.36 0.16 0.15 203 1,590 288 100 - - - - 0.043Storm Grab 07/09/2013 09:45 07/09/2013 09:45 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 53,700 -Storm Composite 07/13/2013 05:32 07/13/2013 11:31 - 23.6 0.00020 0.00680 0.01450 0.02040 0.00640 0.04490 0.040 1.0 0.31 0.22 0.04 59 177 29 72 - - - - 0.046Storm Composite 08/05/2013 03:17 08/05/2013 08:31 0.064 68.5 0.00020 0.00470 0.01720 0.01050 0.00490 0.06270 0.190 1.8 0.43 0.74 0.07 284 177 50 144 - - - - 0.078Storm Composite 08/06/2013 20:02 08/07/2013 00:32 0.008 80.6 - - - - - - 0.020 2.0 0.36 0.60 0.04 334 156 54 180 - - - - 0.020Storm Composite 08/29/2013 05:16 08/29/2013 10:17 0.007 53.4 0.00041 0.01660 0.04100 0.05320 0.01960 0.13200 0.020 4.0 0.88 0.05 0.03 215 628 90 140 16.0 21.6 - - 0.036Storm Composite 09/14/2013 21:02 09/14/2013 23:32 0.022 65.4 0.00025 0.00860 0.02090 0.01780 0.00650 0.08080 0.020 2.7 0.57 0.71 0.06 269 214 64 156 - - - - 0.040Storm Composite 09/15/2013 05:17 09/15/2013 07:17 0.043 82.8 0.00020 0.00320 0.00850 0.00770 0.00300 0.03190 0.040 1.2 0.39 0.52 0.08 336 82 33 200 - - - - 0.051Storm Grab 09/18/2013 09:15 09/18/2013 09:15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 29,500 -Storm Composite 09/19/2013 11:47 09/19/2013 16:16 0.028 65.8 0.00020 0.00890 0.01830 0.02120 0.00700 0.07660 0.060 2.2 0.60 0.52 0.05 260 272 60 156 - - - - 0.029Storm Composite 10/02/2013 20:32 10/03/2013 04:31 0.090 8.2 0.00020 0.00550 0.01250 0.01080 0.00450 0.05120 0.360 1.4 0.34 0.43 0.04 168 164 30 16 - - - - 0.107Storm Composite 10/14/2013 23:32 10/15/2013 08:01 0.027 38.2 - - - - - - 0.030 1.0 0.27 0.21 0.03 156 106 27 - 7.1 13.8 - - 0.085




- Not collected

Trout Brook


Table 10-10: 2013 Trout Brook Outlet loading table.

Sample Type

Sample Collection Time TP (mg/L) TSS(mg/L)


Interval TP (lb)


Base 0.05 7 01/01/2013 00:00 01/10/2013 17:40 7,877,660 22.87 3,197

Snowmelt 0.32 90 01/10/2013 17:50 01/12/2013 11:50 3,331,610 67.39 18,718

Base Grab 02/21/2013 10:15 02/21/2013 10:15 0.05 12 01/12/2013 12:00 02/27/2013 23:50 37,690,500 108.23 28,234

Base Grab 03/06/2013 09:20 03/06/2013 09:20 0.05 11 02/28/2013 00:00 03/09/2013 02:40 7,591,580 21.80 5,213

Snowmelt 0.32 90 03/09/2013 02:50 03/10/2013 21:20 3,999,420 80.89 22,470

Base 0.08 14 03/10/2013 21:30 03/14/2013 11:30 3,023,120 15.22 2,604

Snowmelt 0.32 90 03/14/2013 11:40 03/16/2013 01:20 1,904,200 38.51 10,698

Base 0.08 14 03/16/2013 01:30 03/25/2013 12:40 7,872,570 39.62 6,782

Snowmelt 0.32 90 03/25/2013 12:50 03/25/2013 21:10 608,188 12.30 3,417

Base 0.08 14 03/25/2013 21:20 03/26/2013 12:20 491,399 2.47 423

Snowmelt 0.32 90 03/26/2013 12:30 03/26/2013 20:40 528,335 10.69 2,968

Base 0.08 14 03/26/2013 20:50 03/27/2013 11:30 490,738 2.47 423

Snowmelt 0.32 90 03/27/2013 11:40 04/03/2013 12:40 16,173,100 327.12 90,866

Snowmelt Grab 04/03/2013 15:25 04/03/2013 15:25 0.19 15 04/03/2013 12:50 04/03/2013 21:30 673,472 7.78 631

Base 0.04 12 04/03/2013 21:40 04/04/2013 12:40 834,848 2.16 616

Snowmelt 0.32 90 04/04/2013 12:50 04/04/2013 19:10 488,705 9.88 2,746

Base 0.04 12 04/04/2013 19:20 04/06/2013 16:30 2,126,060 5.50 1,570

Storm 0.45 247 04/06/2013 16:40 04/07/2013 23:10 1,568,180 44.30 24,213

Storm 0.45 247 04/07/2013 23:20 04/09/2013 09:50 4,227,870 119.43 65,279

Storm Grab 04/09/2013 14:45 04/09/2013 14:45 0.15 20 04/09/2013 10:00 04/10/2013 00:40 1,635,950 15.22 2,043

Base 0.04 12 04/10/2013 00:50 04/14/2013 13:30 8,407,385 21.74 6,208

Snowmelt 0.32 90 04/14/2013 13:40 04/15/2013 12:20 2,262,450 45.76 12,711

Base 0.04 12 04/15/2013 12:30 04/21/2013 12:50 10,117,300 26.17 7,471

Snowmelt 0.32 90 04/21/2013 13:00 04/22/2013 11:40 2,401,710 48.58 13,494

Base 0.04 12 04/22/2013 11:50 04/23/2013 09:30 2,206,540 5.71 1,629

Snowmelt Grab 04/23/2013 14:40 04/23/2013 14:40 0.14 44 04/23/2013 09:40 04/23/2013 20:00 1,373,230 11.74 3,772

Base 0.04 44 04/23/2013 20:10 05/08/2013 20:00 22,737,600 58.80 62,455

Storm Composite 05/08/2013 23:17 05/09/2013 00:46 0.62 935 05/08/2013 20:15 05/09/2013 20:30 1,674,080 64.27 97,713

Base Composite 05/15/2013 09:47 05/16/2013 07:31 0.06 6 05/09/2013 20:45 05/18/2013 07:15 9,084,005 32.89 3,402

Storm Composite 05/18/2013 08:47 05/18/2013 16:02 0.46 90 05/18/2013 07:30 05/19/2013 06:45 2,858,184 82.79 16,058

Storm 0.42 257 05/19/2013 07:00 05/19/2013 09:15 369,287 9.62 5,916

Storm 0.42 257 05/19/2013 09:30 05/20/2013 22:15 8,590,330 223.66 137,628

Storm Composite 05/20/2013 23:34 05/21/2013 02:16 0.42 374 05/20/2013 22:30 05/21/2013 16:45 3,195,450 83.38 74,605

Base 0.05 7 05/21/2013 17:00 05/24/2013 13:45 7,317,750 24.17 3,351

Storm 0.42 257 05/24/2013 14:00 05/25/2013 20:30 2,908,400 75.73 46,596

Trout Brook


Base 0.05 7 05/25/2013 20:45 05/29/2013 22:00 5,061,130 16.72 2,318

Storm Composite 05/29/2013 23:32 05/30/2013 04:31 0.50 276 05/29/2013 22:15 05/30/2013 16:15 3,136,910 98.11 54,048

Storm 0.42 257 05/30/2013 16:30 06/01/2013 18:45 5,091,890 132.58 81,579

Base Composite 06/03/2013 09:47 06/03/2013 22:01 0.10 9 06/01/2013 19:00 06/12/2013 08:30 13,592,000 83.15 7,636

Storm Composite 06/12/2013 10:17 06/12/2013 23:31 0.34 160 06/12/2013 08:45 06/12/2013 23:45 1,944,110 41.38 19,418

Base 0.07 8 06/13/2013 00:00 06/15/2013 15:15 3,802,740 17.00 1,914

Storm Composite 06/15/2013 15:48 06/15/2013 19:04 0.44 234 06/15/2013 15:30 06/16/2013 10:00 4,290,810 118.93 62,679

Base Composite 06/19/2013 09:16 06/20/2013 07:01 0.07 4 06/16/2013 10:15 06/21/2013 02:45 8,566,880 37.44 2,139

Storm Composite 06/21/2013 03:02 06/21/2013 07:33 0.65 367 06/21/2013 03:00 06/21/2013 20:00 4,410,160 179.78 101,039

Storm Composite 06/21/2013 20:16 06/21/2013 22:40 0.70 396 06/21/2013 20:15 06/23/2013 06:00 10,924,300 479.42 270,057

Base 0.07 8 06/23/2013 06:15 06/26/2013 13:30 11,063,500 49.45 5,569

Storm 0.44 207 06/26/2013 13:45 06/26/2013 21:30 844,453 23.45 10,925

Base 0.07 8 06/26/2013 21:45 06/29/2013 03:15 3,362,177 15.03 1,692

Storm 0.44 207 06/29/2013 03:30 06/29/2013 22:45 2,208,860 61.33 28,576

Base Composite 07/02/2013 08:47 07/03/2013 08:16 0.11 19 06/29/2013 23:00 07/09/2013 08:15 12,470,320 83.30 14,791

Storm Composite 07/09/2013 08:32 07/09/2013 09:46 1.36 1,590 07/09/2013 08:30 07/09/2013 18:45 1,553,150 131.86 154,162

Base 0.06 10 07/09/2013 19:00 07/13/2013 04:15 4,078,905 16.01 2,424

Storm Composite 07/13/2013 05:32 07/13/2013 11:31 0.31 177 07/13/2013 04:30 07/13/2013 20:00 2,873,110 55.24 31,746

Base Composite 07/16/2013 11:47 07/17/2013 09:16 0.11 17 07/13/2013 20:15 07/29/2013 11:00 20,647,840 146.94 21,912 Illicit Discharge Grab

07/29/2013 11:17 07/29/2013 18:46 0.16 39 07/29/2013 11:15 07/29/2013 19:00 507,608 5.20 1,236

Base Composite 07/29/2013 19:01 07/30/2013 06:16 0.05 8 07/29/2013 19:15 08/05/2013 02:45 8,318,030 24.92 4,154

Storm Composite 08/05/2013 03:17 08/05/2013 08:31 0.43 177 08/05/2013 03:00 08/05/2013 14:30 1,366,180 36.33 15,096

Base 0.07 8 08/05/2013 14:45 08/06/2013 19:45 2,103,920 9.51 1,107

Storm Composite 08/06/2013 20:02 08/07/2013 00:32 0.36 156 08/06/2013 20:00 08/07/2013 16:45 1,991,900 44.52 19,398

Base Composite 08/12/2013 10:02 08/13/2013 09:31 0.05 6 08/07/2013 17:00 08/18/2013 23:45 18,103,372 57.64 6,781

Base Composite 08/26/2013 09:47 08/27/2013 09:01 0.05 12 08/19/2013 00:00 08/29/2013 05:00 15,451,800 44.37 11,575

Storm Composite 08/29/2013 05:16 08/29/2013 10:17 0.88 628 08/29/2013 05:15 08/29/2013 14:30 1,750,980 96.19 68,645

Base Composite 09/10/2013 10:02 09/11/2013 08:01 0.05 10 08/29/2013 14:45 09/14/2013 19:30 22,579,890 69.07 14,096

Storm Composite 09/14/2013 21:02 09/14/2013 23:32 0.57 214 09/14/2013 19:45 09/15/2013 03:15 900,291 32.26 12,027

Storm Composite 09/15/2013 05:17 09/15/2013 07:17 0.39 82 09/15/2013 03:30 09/16/2013 01:30 1,638,940 40.21 8,390

Base 0.05 6 09/16/2013 01:45 09/19/2013 10:45 4,550,337 12.98 1,774

Storm Composite 09/19/2013 11:47 09/19/2013 16:16 0.60 272 09/19/2013 11:00 09/20/2013 18:45 2,538,860 95.41 43,110

Base Composite 09/24/2013 12:02 09/24/2013 20:31 0.06 5 09/20/2013 19:00 10/02/2013 20:15 16,440,580 60.55 5,132

Storm Composite 10/02/2013 20:32 10/03/2013 04:31 0.34 164 10/02/2013 20:30 10/03/2013 11:30 2,979,040 63.97 30,499

Base 0.06 11 10/03/2013 11:45 10/04/2013 23:30 2,646,460 10.47 1,750

Storm 0.45 214 10/04/2013 23:45 10/05/2013 08:45 1,168,740 32.71 15,634

Base Composite 10/09/2013 12:02 10/10/2013 09:31 0.06 10 10/05/2013 09:00 10/14/2013 23:15 14,178,231 49.57 8,851

Storm Composite 10/14/2013 23:32 10/15/2013 08:01 0.27 106 10/14/2013 23:30 10/17/2013 12:30 6,723,150 115.00 44,488

Base 0.06 11 10/17/2013 12:45 10/17/2013 20:15 495,080 1.96 327

Trout Brook


Storm 0.45 214 10/17/2013 20:30 10/18/2013 09:00 1,716,850 48.06 22,965

Base Composite 10/23/2013 11:17 10/24/2013 05:16 0.08 47 10/18/2013 09:15 11/04/2013 12:15 23,967,700 125.68 70,322

Storm 0.43 163 11/04/2013 12:30 11/06/2013 23:00 4,305,120 116.77 43,672

Base Composite 11/07/2013 11:47 11/08/2013 10:01 0.08 14 11/04/2013 23:15 12/02/2013 23:45 34,667,144 177.46 30,298

Base Grab 12/12/2013 12:30 12/12/2013 12:30 0.07 10 12/03/2013 00:00 12/31/2013 23:45 36,539,000 150.55 22,810


Storm Flow-Weighted Average 0.48 282 Storm Subtotal 91,385,535 2,762 1,608,203

Illicit Discharge-Weighted Average 0.16 39 Illicit Discharge Subtotal 507,608 5 1,236

Base Flow-Weighted Average 0.06 15 Base Subtotal 410,556,091 1,650 372,953

Total Flow-Weighted Average 0.15 65 Total 536,193,654 5,077 2,164,883


Trout Brook


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May2013

Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct

2013 Arlington-JacksonElevation and Precipitation

ftin

4/29/2013 3:56:00 AM - 10/28/2013 1:56:00 PM

Elevation (119.202 ft) Precipitation (24.480 in)

Figure 10-41: 2013 Arlington-Jackson elevation and precipitation.

Trout Brook


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2013 Sims-AgateElevation and Precipitation

ftin

5/2/2013 5:04:00 AM - 10/29/2013 8:04:00 AM


Figure 10-42: 2013 Sims-Agate elevation and precipitation.

Trout Brook


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Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct

2013 Westiminster-MississippiElevation and Precipitation

ftin

4/28/2013 2:41:00 AM - 10/29/2013 7:41:00 AM


Figure 10-43: 2013 Westminster-Mississippi elevation and precipitation.

Trout Brook


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Jul Aug Sep Oct

2013 Willow ReserveElevation and Precipitation

ftin

5/20/2013 2:41:00 PM - 10/29/2013 8:41:00 PM


Figure 10-44: 2013 Willow Reserve elevation and precipitation.

Lake McCarrons


11 LAKE MCCARRONS SUBWATERSHED RESULTS

11.1 DESCRIPTION

The Lake McCarrons subwatershed drains 1,070 acres and is the northernmost subwatershed in CRWD, located entirely within the city limits of Roseville (Figure 11-2). Land use in the subwatershed is predominantly residential and parkland. As a result, the percentage of impervious surfaces in the Lake McCarrons subwatershed is less than the other subwatersheds monitored by CRWD. More than half of the Lake McCarrons subwatershed (753 acres) flows through the Villa Park Wetland System which is designed to capture stormwater and provide treatment before discharging water to the lake. CRWD operates a monitoring station at the outlet of the Villa Park Wetland System (called Villa Park Outlet) in order to quantify and characterize the water exiting the wetland system to Lake McCarrons. CRWD also operates a flow-only station at the outlet of Lake McCarrons (called McCarrons Outlet) to determine total discharge from the lake during storm events (the lake only discharges when water levels are higher than normal). When it overflows, water flowing from the outlet of Lake McCarrons enters the Trout Brook Storm Sewer System which eventually discharges to the Mississippi River. For more information on the water quality of Lake McCarrons, refer to the CRWD 2013Lakes Monitoring Report.

Figure 11-1: The Lake McCarrons Outlet monitoring site location (left); and Villa Park Wetland System (Villa Park Outlet) monitoring site location (right).

Lake McCarrons


Figure 11-2: Map of the Lake McCarrons subwatershed and monitoring locations.

Lake McCarrons


11.2 2013 MONITORING SUMMARY - VILLA PARK OUTLET

The Lake McCarrons subwatershed has been monitored for discharge and water quality at the Villa Park Outlet from 2006-2013. Flow and water quality monitoring at this location generally occurs between the months of April to November. During the winter months, baseflow grab samples are taken once a month, but level or flow are not recorded during this period. In 2013, the Villa Park Wetland System underwent a major dredging project aimed at increasing pond depth and water residence time in order to improve the quality of water discharging from the Villa Wetland into Lake McCarrons. Dredging activities began in June 2013 and ended in August 2013. Consequently, the annual flow data and pollutant loading from Villa Park Outlet may appear different than previous monitoring years because a stop block was installed in front of the outlet weir to prevent water that was disturbed from the dredging activities from flowing out of the Villa Wetland into Lake McCarrons.

11.2.1 DISCHARGE

In 2013, total discharge from Villa Park Outlet (16,792,317 cf) was the highest volume ever recorded at this site during the monitoring season (April-November) since monitoring began in 2006 (Figure 11-3; Table 11-2). In 2013, stormflow (12,633,927 cf) accounted for 75% of the total discharge at Villa Park Outlet. The 2013 baseflow (4,158,390 cf) accounted for 25%, which was greater than the 2006-2012 historical baseflow average (3,689,391 cf). The increase in stormflow at Villa Park Outlet in 2013 can likely be attributed to observed increases in total annual precipitation (5.75 in above the 30-year normal). In addition, dredging activities may have altered the timing of flow exiting the wetland due to water build up behind the stop block followed by a rapid release of it through the channel. For 2013 stormflow cumulative water yield (Figure 11-4), a sharp increase in water yield occurred from storm events in May and June 2013 surmounting in a high intensity event on June 21 (1.13 inches in 15 minutes). As precipitation decreased in July and August, the trend in water yield flattened until a large event occurred again on October 2. The 2013 cumulative baseflow water yield trend was different than the historical baseflow mean (2006-2012) at Villa Outlet (Figure 11-4). More significant increases in baseflow yields generally occurred from the end of June to mid-August, which was during the dredging project time period. Since Villa Park Outlet is primarily driven by stormflow, the combined storm and baseflow cumulative water yield trend closely follows the stormflow only trend line in Figure 11-4. Similarly to stormflow only, the 2013 combined cumulative water yield varied from than the historical mean (2006-2012) due to significant precipitation events in May and June 2013 (Figure 11-4).

Lake McCarrons


Figure 11-3: Historical total monitored discharge volumes at Villa Park Outlet for baseflow and stormflow from 2006-2013.

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Lake McCarrons


Figure 11-4: Historical and 2013 cumulative water yield from Villa Park Outlet for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

Lake McCarrons




In 2013, the total TSS load from Villa Park Outlet (52,906 lbs) from April to October was the second largest amount since monitoring began in 2006, only exceeded by the 2010 TSS load (64,362 lbs) (Figure 11-5; Table 11-2). The TSS loading at Villa Park Outlet primarily occurred during storm events (88% of total TSS load). Total baseflow TSS loading (6,599 lbs) was only 12% of the total load. Increases in TSS loading at Villa Park Outlet in 2013 are likely related to increases in annual precipitation (particularly in May and June) as well as dredging activities. In evaluating 2013 average monthly TSS storm concentrations at Villa Park Outlet, the highest concentrations were observed in June (71.75 mg/L) and July 2013 (49.0 mg/L), both of which exceeded the historical (2006-2012) average monthly TSS storm concentrations for those months (Figure 11-6). June, July, and September 2013 exceeded the historical average monthly TSS storm concentrations, while all other months during the monitoring period had average monthly TSS storm concentrations below the historical averages. Historically, March, August, and October have the highest average monthly storm TSS concentrations.

Lake McCarrons


Figure 11-5: Historical total monitored TSS loads at Villa Park Outlet for baseflow and stormflow from 2006-2013.

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Lake McCarrons


Figure 11-6: Monthly average storm sample TSS concentrations in 2013 for Villa Park Outlet and historical averages (2006-2012).

Similar to the stormflow cumulative water yield results in Figure 11-4, the 2013 stormflow cumulative TSS yield increased dramatically in mid-May and mid-June 2013 due to the significant amount of precipitation that occurred during that time period (Figure 11-7). Storm TSS yield trends plateaued in August through September due to the extended dry period during those months. The 2013 cumulative baseflow TSS yield in Figure 11-7 is similar to the trend shown by baseflow cumulative water yield in Figure 11-4. However, there was a significant springtime increase in baseflow TSS yield during the beginning of May 2013. This could potentially be attributed to ice out on the ponds and suspension of organic matter that decomposed over the winter months. Overall, the 2013 combined stormflow and baseflow cumulative TSS yield for 2013 was significantly greater than the historical average (2006-2012) (Figure 11-7). This is also likely due to higher than average precipitation year.

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Lake McCarrons


Figure 11-7: Historical and 2013 cumulative TSS yield from Villa Park Outlet for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow

Lake McCarrons



In 2013, the total TP load from April-October (343 lbs) was the largest annual load ever recorded at Villa Park Outlet since monitoring began in 2006 (Figure 11-8; Table 11-2). TP loading at Villa Park Outlet primarily occurred during storm events in 2013 (251 lbs; 73% of total TP load). Total baseflow TP loading (92 lbs) was 27% of the total load. Drastic increases in annual TP loading at Villa Park Outlet in 2013 are likely related to increases in annual precipitation (particularly in May and June) as well as the pond dredging activities. For average monthly TP storm concentrations at Villa Park Outlet in 2013, the highest average concentrations were observed in June (0.422 mg/L), July (0.452 mg/L), and October (0.395 mg/L) (Figure 11-9). All other months during the monitoring period had average monthly TP storm concentrations well-above the historical averages from 2006-2012 (except September). Historically, March, July, August, and September have the highest average monthly storm TP concentrations.

Figure 11-8: Historical total monitored TP loads at Villa Park Outlet for baseflow and stormflow from 2006-2013.

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Lake McCarrons


Figure 11-9: Monthly average storm sample TP concentrations in 2013 for Villa Park Outlet and historical averages (2006-2012).

The 2013 stormflow cumulative TP yield trends (Figure 11-10) were similar to Villa Park Outlet stormflow cumulative water yield results in Figure 11-4. Storm TP yields increased dramatically in June 2013 due to the significant amount of precipitation that occurred during that time period (Figure 11-10). Storm TP yields tapered off from August to September due to the extended dry period during those months. The 2013 cumulative baseflow TP yield in Figure 11-10 also mostly follows the steady trend shown by baseflow cumulative water yield results in Figure 11-4. A noticeable increase in baseflow TP yields occurred during the end of August 2013 during the extended dry period. Overall, the 2013 combined stormflow and baseflow cumulative TP yield for 2013 showed a different trend than the historical mean (2006-2012) (Figure 11-10). This is also likely due to a higher than average precipitation year, the intense precipitation events in May and June, and the effects of the dredging activities on discharge.

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Lake McCarrons


Figure 11-10: Historical and 2013 cumulative TP yield from Villa Park Outlet for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

Lake McCarrons


Total Nitrogen (TN)

The stormflow loading trends for 2013 cumulative TN yields (Figure 11-11) were commensurate with water yield trends (Figure 11-4). Storm TN yields increased dramatically in June 2013 due to increases in precipitation that occurred during that time period (Figure 11-11). Storm TN yields trends decreased from August to September due to the extended dry period. The trend for baseflow cumulative TN yields (Figure 11-11) also mostly follows the steady trend shown by baseflow cumulative water yield results in Figure 11-4. Noticeable increases in baseflow TN yields occurred in mid-May 2013 (spring thaw and ice out) and the end of August 2013 (an extended dry period). Overall, the 2013 combined stormflow and baseflow cumulative TN yield trend for 2013 varied significantly than the historical mean (2006-2012) (Figure 11-11).

Lake McCarrons


Figure 11-11: Historical and 2013 cumulative TN yield from Villa Park Outlet for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

Lake McCarrons


Chloride (Cl-)

For Cl-, cumulative yields during storm events sharply increased mid-May and mid-July 2013 (Figure 11-12). Storm Cl- yields increased steadily in 2013, though began plateauing the beginning of August 2013 through October 2013 due to the extended dry period during those months. Baseflow increases in cumulative Cl- yield were steady for the monitoring period (April to November) (Figure 11-12). Slight baseflow Cl- yield increases were apparent mid-May 2013. Overall, the 2013 combined stormflow and baseflow cumulative Cl- yield for 2013 was significantly greater than the historical mean (2006-2012), even though it started below average (Figure 11-12). This could be attributed to the higher than average precipitation year as well as an extended spring of snowmelt that was laden with road salt from road de-icing in the winter months.

Lake McCarrons


Figure 11-12: Historical and 2013 cumulative Cl- yield from Villa Park Outlet for stormflow, baseflow, and combined baseflow + stormflow.

Lake McCarrons


11.3 2013 MONITORING SUMMARY – LAKE MCCARRONS OUTLET

The Lake McCarrons Outlet has been monitored since 2005. In 2013, Lake McCarrons Outlet was monitored for flow from April 29 to November 2, 2013 (Figure 11-15). During this period, the lake had outflow from April to mid-August. From mid-August to mid-October 2013, the lake did not have outflow due to an extended dry period. In total, Lake McCarrons discharged 38,664,000 cf of water in 2013, which was significantly greater than all preceding monitoring years (Table 11-1) and the historical average of 22,982,425 cf. Table 11-1: Historical (2005-2013) stage and discharge at the Lake McCarrons Outlet monitoring station.

Year Average Stage (ft) Discharge (cf)

2005 0.16 83,156,630

2006 0.10 8,603,954

2007 0.13 18,831,156

2008 0.07 4,888,548

2009 0.11 9,673,989

2010 0.23 13,998,900

2011 0.41 21,723,800

2012 NA NA

2013 0.39 38,664,000

Historical Average 0.17 22,982,425

NA: Not Available

Lake McCarrons


Table 11-2: Villa Park Outlet monitoring results for 2006-2013.

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013Subwatershed Area (ac) 753 753 753 753 753 753 753 753Total Rainfall (inches) 24.66 24.16 19.45 19.11 31.32 28.90 26.38 26.00Number of Monitoring Days 204 228 223 220 212 211 232 197Number of Storm Sampling Events 12 18 12 17 13 10 17 13Number of Storm Intervals 15 28 19 24 28 23 36 21Number of Base Sampling Events 7 9 13 16 11 13 14 12Number of Baseflow Intervals 18 23 36 20 19 19 26 19Total Discharge (cf) 11,075,521 14,512,244 12,884,967 7,597,428 13,687,318 15,879,438 12,427,912 16,792,317Storm Flow Subtotal (cf) 5,564,657 9,835,524 7,839,161 5,668,868 11,029,258 12,382,914 9,898,813 12,633,927Baseflow Subtotal (cf) 5,510,864 4,656,826 5,045,805 1,928,561 2,658,060 3,496,524 2,529,099 4,158,390Average TSS Concentration (mg/L) 18 18 25 32 59 21 35 38Total FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) 17 23 22 43 75 30 31 50Storm FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) 19 28 14 49 91 35 34 59Base FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) 15 12 35 26 11 12 19 25Total TSS Loading (lbs) 11,833 20,394 17,740 20,410 64,362 29,837 23,891 52,906Storm TSS Loading (lbs) 6,742 16,981 6,725 17,230 62,584 27,241 20,840 46,308Base TSS Loading (lbs) 5,091 3,397 11,014 3,180 1,778 2,596 3,051 6,599Total TSS Yield (lb/ac) 16 27 24 27 85 40 32 70Normalized Total TSS Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) 4 5 5 10 17 7 7 11Average TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.28 0.26 0.32 0.29 0.34 0.21 0.32 0.41Total FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.31 0.24 0.27 0.24 0.26 0.20 0.22 0.33Storm FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.23 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.26 0.19 0.21 0.32Base FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.40 0.28 0.32 0.28 0.26 0.23 0.27 0.35Total TP Loading (lbs) 216 216 215 113 225 195 174 343Storm TP Loading (lbs) 79 136 114 80 182 145 132 251Base TP Loading (lbs) 137 80 101 33 43 51 42 92Total TP Yield (lb/ac) 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.15 0.30 0.26 0.23 0.46Normalized Total TP Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.07

Lake McCarrons


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2013 Villa Park OutletLevel, Velocity, and Discharge

ftft/

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Figure 11-13: 2013 Villa Park Outlet level, velocity, and discharge.

Lake McCarrons


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2013 Villa Park OutletLevel, Discharge, and Precipitation

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Figure 11-14: 2013 Villa Park Outlet level, discharge, and precipitation.

Lake McCarrons


Table 11-3: 2013 Villa Park Outlet laboratory data.

Sample Sampling Start Sampling End Ortho-P Cl Cd Cr Cu Pb Ni Zn NH3 TKN Total P NO3 NO2 TDS TSS VSS Hardness CBOD SO4 E. coli Dissolved PType Date/Time Date/Time mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mpn/100 mL mg/LBase Grab 02/21/2013 08:50 02/21/2013 08:50 0.012 911.0 0.00020 0.00018 0.00044 0.00036 0.00120 0.00820 1.720 2.5 0.20 0.26 0.03 1,770 5 2 484 1.0 23.9 19 -Base Grab 03/06/2013 08:00 03/06/2013 08:00 0.013 654.0 0.00020 0.00030 0.00130 0.00037 0.00140 0.00990 1.260 2.9 0.14 0.25 0.03 1,560 6 3 388 1.7 23.5 179 -Base Composite 05/15/2013 12:19 05/15/2013 22:43 0.028 202.8 0.00020 0.00120 0.00330 0.00430 0.00230 0.02940 0.020 2.3 0.54 0.05 0.03 639 130 30 288 4.4 12.5 - -Base Grab 05/16/2013 08:30 05/16/2013 08:30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 121 -Base Grab 06/03/2013 08:50 06/03/2013 08:50 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 -Base Composite 06/03/2013 09:02 06/03/2013 21:39 0.049 87.4 0.00020 0.00017 0.00130 0.00010 0.00100 0.01160 0.130 0.8 0.19 0.05 0.03 339 2 2 172 1.8 5.9 - -Base Grab 06/19/2013 08:05 06/19/2013 08:05 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 488 -Base Composite 06/19/2013 09:43 06/20/2013 09:51 0.006 81.5 0.00020 0.00071 0.00230 0.00270 0.00180 0.01740 0.080 1.7 0.54 0.07 0.03 396 47 20 212 23.6 11.4 - 0.020Base Grab 07/02/2013 09:35 07/02/2013 09:35 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3,100 -Base Composite 07/02/2013 10:40 07/03/2013 06:53 0.024 88.7 0.00020 0.00053 0.00088 0.00180 0.00160 0.01370 0.730 1.9 0.44 0.05 0.03 400 18 6 248 - - - 0.035Base Grab 07/16/2013 09:30 07/16/2013 09:30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 88 -Base Composite 07/16/2013 09:40 07/17/2013 08:10 0.087 94.3 0.00020 0.00086 0.00160 0.00310 0.00150 0.01500 1.120 2.5 0.44 0.05 0.03 354 29 8 220 - - - 0.090Base Grab 07/29/2013 09:55 07/29/2013 09:55 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 120 -Base Composite 07/29/2013 10:42 07/30/2013 08:17 0.139 119.3 0.00020 0.00060 0.00130 0.00280 0.00110 0.01380 0.850 2.2 1.00 0.05 0.03 437 25 8 276 - - - 0.150Base Grab 08/12/2013 08:45 08/12/2013 08:45 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 125 -Base Composite 08/12/2013 09:17 08/13/2013 08:05 0.017 115.4 0.00020 0.00073 0.00120 0.00300 0.00140 0.01730 0.150 1.4 0.52 0.05 0.03 475 39 17 296 - - - 0.056Base Grab 08/26/2013 10:25 08/26/2013 10:25 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9,800 -Base Composite 08/26/2013 10:33 08/26/2013 21:03 0.015 158.4 0.00020 0.00059 0.00085 0.00170 0.00200 0.01650 1.190 2.7 0.51 0.05 0.03 621 27 9 404 3.1 - - 0.030Base Grab 09/10/2013 10:30 09/10/2013 10:30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17,500 -Base Composite 09/10/2013 10:32 09/10/2013 19:02 0.039 142.7 0.00020 0.00220 0.00430 0.00760 0.00280 0.03620 0.750 4.2 1.98 0.05 0.03 539 118 44 344 - - - 0.040Base Grab 09/24/2013 09:30 09/24/2013 09:30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 411 -Base Composite 09/24/2013 10:12 09/25/2013 10:08 0.024 137.5 0.00020 0.00051 0.00130 0.00200 0.00120 0.01410 0.920 3.1 0.53 0.05 0.03 516 34 15 316 - - - 0.032Base Grab 10/09/2013 09:30 10/09/2013 09:30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 161 -Base Composite 10/09/2013 10:05 10/10/2013 10:54 0.030 98.2 0.00020 0.00042 0.00140 0.00190 0.00110 0.01350 0.440 1.3 0.18 0.05 0.03 385 12 6 236 - - - 0.044Base Grab 10/23/2013 09:45 10/23/2013 09:45 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 46 -Base Composite 10/23/2013 10:13 10/24/2013 08:00 0.055 72.0 0.00020 0.00031 0.00120 0.00120 0.00092 0.00930 0.470 1.2 0.22 0.06 0.03 295 7 3 196 - - - 0.063Base Grab 11/07/2013 09:40 11/07/2013 09:40 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 172 -Base Grab 11/08/2013 10:30 11/08/2013 10:30 0.060 83.4 0.00020 0.00012 0.00049 0.00100 0.00066 0.00160 0.800 1.7 0.25 0.07 0.03 354 2 1 248 - - - 0.072Base Grab 12/12/2013 08:50 12/12/2013 08:50 0.078 152.0 0.00020 0.00021 0.00056 0.00100 0.00120 0.00280 1.440 3.1 0.25 0.05 0.03 650 3 1 456 - - 25 0.077

Base Average 0.042 199.9 0.00020 0.00060 0.00148 0.00218 0.00145 0.01439 0.754 2.2 0.50 0.08 0.03 608 32 11 299 5.9 15.4 2,023 0.059

Snow melt Grab 04/03/2013 14:15 04/03/2013 14:15 0.066 132.5 0.00020 0.00069 0.00250 0.00280 0.00160 0.01280 1.010 2.7 0.39 0.39 0.03 402 28 17 188 4.3 13.0 - -Snow melt Grab 04/23/2013 14:40 04/23/2013 14:40 0.007 124.6 0.00020 0.00075 0.00200 0.00052 0.00091 0.00890 0.050 1.1 0.12 0.56 0.03 321 11 7 144 2.9 13.8 - -Storm Grab 04/09/2013 14:50 04/09/2013 14:50 0.035 90.1 0.00020 0.00069 0.00250 0.00130 0.00110 0.01200 0.550 1.8 0.19 0.79 0.03 277 10 5 108 2.9 11.7 - -Storm Grab 05/01/2013 09:45 05/01/2013 09:45 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2,420 -Storm Composite 05/18/2013 12:10 05/18/2013 17:38 - 177.3 0.00020 0.00039 0.00220 0.00040 0.00130 0.01740 0.170 1.5 0.19 0.13 0.03 - 8 5 260 - - - -Storm Composite 05/19/2013 16:05 05/19/2013 19:03 0.032 94.3 0.00020 0.00140 0.00390 0.00320 0.00170 0.03120 0.310 2.0 0.25 0.18 0.03 286 74 18 112 4.0 4.8 - -Storm Composite 05/29/2013 23:37 05/30/2013 06:58 0.042 87.8 0.00020 0.00068 0.00500 0.00088 0.00096 0.01480 0.200 1.4 0.19 0.21 0.04 301 21 5 156 3.8 8.8 - -Storm Composite 06/12/2013 10:38 06/12/2013 21:12 0.011 106.0 0.00020 0.00230 0.00490 0.01530 0.00290 0.02480 0.800 3.8 0.50 0.13 0.05 397 68 17 284 5.2 8.4 - -Storm Composite 06/15/2013 16:23 06/15/2013 20:00 0.058 62.6 0.00020 0.00160 0.00350 0.00450 0.00180 0.02150 0.630 1.9 0.27 0.21 0.03 236 67 16 108 2.2 7.9 - 0.080Storm Composite 06/21/2013 03:25 06/21/2013 09:43 0.125 84.4 0.00020 0.00079 0.00170 0.00210 0.00130 0.01510 0.660 2.6 0.51 0.12 0.03 274 28 15 124 - - - 0.139Storm Composite 06/21/2013 20:02 06/21/2013 22:13 - 37.9 0.00037 0.00360 0.00530 0.01180 0.00350 0.04040 0.510 2.6 0.42 0.20 0.06 138 124 34 36 - - - 0.107Storm Grab 07/09/2013 09:55 07/09/2013 09:55 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15,800 -Storm Composite 07/09/2013 12:18 07/09/2013 18:23 0.072 98.6 0.00020 0.00180 0.00280 0.00630 0.00230 0.02000 1.450 3.4 0.45 0.08 0.03 354 49 16 212 - - - 0.093Storm Composite 08/07/2013 10:40 08/07/2013 13:51 - 103.0 - - - - - - - 1.4 0.39 0.05 0.03 - 12 8 - - - - -Storm Composite 08/29/2013 05:13 08/29/2013 15:13 0.034 127.3 0.00020 0.00048 0.00079 0.00170 0.00100 0.00940 2.080 3.9 0.30 0.05 0.03 485 62 17 288 4.6 4.7 - 0.049Storm Grab 09/18/2013 09:20 09/18/2013 09:20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,733 -Storm Composite 09/18/2013 13:36 09/19/2013 11:20 0.040 140.0 0.00020 0.00060 0.00160 0.00200 0.00120 0.02140 1.440 3.2 0.26 0.05 0.03 519 48 19 304 - - - 0.195Storm Composite 10/02/2013 20:23 10/03/2013 10:17 0.030 103.6 0.00020 0.00100 0.00170 0.00320 0.00160 0.01390 0.490 2.4 0.54 0.05 0.03 423 58 23 284 - - - 0.041Storm Composite 10/14/2013 23:27 10/15/2013 21:17 0.060 76.0 - - - - - - 0.330 1.3 0.26 0.05 0.03 322 28 15 - 4.6 8.8 - 0.074


Annual Average 0.044 151.4 0.00021 0.00088 0.00214 0.00303 0.00155 0.01646 0.734 2.3 0.41 0.14 0.03 482 38 13 246 4.7 11.4 2,753 0.074Annual Maximum 0.139 911.0 0.00037 0.00360 0.00530 0.01530 0.00350 0.04040 2.080 4.2 1.98 0.79 0.06 1770 130 44 484 23.6 23.9 17,500 0.195Annual Minimum 0.006 37.9 0.00020 0.00012 0.00044 0.00010 0.00066 0.00160 0.020 0.8 0.12 0.05 0.03 138 2 1 36 1.0 4.7 8 0.020Annual Median 0.035 103.3 0.00020 0.00069 0.00165 0.00200 0.00135 0.01445 0.660 2.3 0.35 0.06 0.03 397 28 12 248 3.8 10.1 172 0.068


- Not collected

Lake McCarrons


Table 11-4: 2013 Villa Park Outlet loading table.

Sample Type Sample Collection Time TP

(mg/L) TSS(mg/L)


Interval TP (lb)

Interval TSS (lb) Start Date/Time End Date/Time Start End

Base 0.12 8 04/22/2013 14:50 05/01/2013 00:40 877,864 6.72 411 Storm 0.17 53 05/01/2013 00:50 05/03/2013 05:50 155,622 1.67 520 Storm 0.17 53 05/03/2013 06:00 05/05/2013 15:00 164,078 1.76 548 Base 0.17 16 05/05/2013 15:10 05/07/2013 14:50 87,302 0.91 88 Storm 0.17 53 05/07/2013 15:00 05/10/2013 20:00 296,930 3.18 991 Base Composite 05/15/2013 12:19 05/15/2013 22:43 0.54 130 05/10/2013 20:10 05/18/2013 07:20 256,868 8.71 2,085 Storm Composite 05/18/2013 12:10 05/18/2013 17:38 0.19 8 05/18/2013 07:30 05/19/2013 15:30 371,053 4.31 185 Storm Composite 05/19/2013 16:05 05/19/2013 19:03 0.25 74 05/19/2013 15:40 05/22/2013 19:40 1,485,787 23.28 6,864 Base 0.17 16 05/22/2013 19:50 05/29/2013 22:20 371,866 3.86 377 Storm Composite 05/29/2013 23:37 05/30/2013 06:58 0.19 21 05/29/2013 22:30 06/02/2013 03:20 795,450 9.63 1,043 Base Composite 06/03/2013 09:02 06/03/2013 21:39 0.19 2 06/02/2013 03:30 06/12/2013 09:20 377,878 4.58 47 Storm Composite 06/12/2013 10:38 06/12/2013 21:12 0.50 68 06/12/2013 09:30 06/14/2013 03:40 393,415 12.18 1,670 Base 0.27 12 06/14/2013 03:50 06/15/2013 15:20 26,646 0.45 19 Storm Composite 06/15/2013 16:23 06/15/2013 20:00 0.27 67 06/15/2013 15:30 06/16/2013 21:20 1,031,290 17.12 4,313 Base Composite 06/19/2013 09:43 06/20/2013 09:51 0.54 47 06/16/2013 21:30 06/21/2013 03:00 78,432 2.64 230 Storm Composite 06/21/2013 03:25 06/21/2013 09:43 0.51 28 06/21/2013 03:10 06/21/2013 17:40 294,773 9.29 515 Storm Composite 06/21/2013 20:02 06/21/2013 22:13 0.42 124 06/21/2013 17:50 06/23/2013 18:50 2,217,307 58.27 17,164 Base 0.27 12 06/23/2013 19:00 06/28/2013 18:30 466,570 7.84 340 Storm 0.25 53 06/28/2013 18:40 06/30/2013 11:30 657,000 10.40 2,172 Base Composite 07/02/2013 10:40 07/03/2013 06:53 0.44 18 06/30/2013 11:40 07/09/2013 07:50 198,445 5.49 223 Storm Composite 07/09/2013 12:18 07/09/2013 18:23 0.45 49 07/09/2013 08:00 07/09/2013 19:20 437,761 12.35 1,339 Base 0.61 30 07/09/2013 19:30 07/13/2013 02:40 166,081 6.33 313 Storm 0.29 32 07/13/2013 02:50 07/14/2013 12:00 1,319,670 23.69 2,601 Base Composite 07/16/2013 09:40 07/17/2013 08:10 0.44 29 07/14/2013 12:10 07/25/2013 11:20 242,513 6.68 439 Storm 0.29 32 07/25/2013 11:30 07/27/2013 17:50 147,614 2.65 291 Base Composite 07/29/2013 10:42 07/30/2013 08:17 1.00 25 07/27/2013 18:00 08/05/2013 02:20 116,631 7.28 182 Storm Composite 08/07/2013 10:40 08/07/2013 13:51 0.39 12 08/05/2013 02:30 08/09/2013 06:00 1,272,840 31.31 954 Base Composite 08/12/2013 09:17 08/13/2013 08:05 0.52 39 08/09/2013 06:10 08/21/2013 09:40 69,239 2.23 169 Base Composite 08/26/2013 10:33 08/26/2013 21:03 0.51 27 08/21/2013 09:50 08/29/2013 07:40 69,962 2.22 118 Storm Composite 08/29/2013 05:13 08/29/2013 15:13 0.30 62 08/29/2013 07:50 09/03/2013 09:00 261,338 4.94 1,011 Base Composite 09/10/2013 10:32 09/10/2013 19:02 1.98 118 09/03/2013 09:10 09/14/2013 16:30 111,173 13.74 819 Storm 0.32 35 09/14/2013 16:40 09/16/2013 21:20 121,977 2.42 264 Base 0.55 42 09/16/2013 21:30 09/18/2013 05:20 30,820 1.07 82 Storm Composite 09/18/2013 13:36 09/19/2013 11:20 0.26 48 09/18/2013 05:30 09/21/2013 05:40 210,290 3.41 630 Base Composite 09/24/2013 10:12 09/25/2013 10:08 0.53 34 09/21/2013 05:50 10/02/2013 17:00 183,912 6.13 390

Lake McCarrons


Storm Composite 10/02/2013 20:23 10/03/2013 10:17 0.54 58 10/02/2013 17:10 10/06/2013 03:10 203,094 6.78 735 Base Composite 10/09/2013 10:05 10/10/2013 10:54 0.18 12 10/06/2013 03:20 10/14/2013 23:00 258,267 2.90 193 Storm Composite 10/14/2013 23:27 10/15/2013 21:17 0.26 28 10/14/2013 23:10 10/17/2013 08:20 313,950 5.00 549 Storm 0.23 65 10/17/2013 08:30 10/23/2013 02:30 482,688 6.99 1,948 Base Composite 10/23/2013 10:13 10/24/2013 08:00 0.22 7 10/23/2013 02:40 10/31/2013 09:50 167,921 2.26 73



Total Flow-Weighted Average 0.33 50 Total 16,792,317 343 52,906

Note: Italics indicate estimated concentrations based on average historical monthly base and storm flow concentrations.

Lake McCarrons


0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

0

2

4

6

0

10

20

30

May2013


2013 McCarrons OutletLevel, Velocity, Discharge

ftft

/scf

s

4/28/2013 12:00:00 AM - 11/10/2013 12:00:00 AM


Figure 11-15: 2013 Lake McCarrons Outlet level, velocity, and discharge.

Lake McCarrons


0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

0

10

20

30

0

1

2

May2013


2013 McCarrons OutletLevel, Discharge, Precipitation

ftcf

sin

4/28/2013 12:00:00 AM - 11/10/2013 12:00:00 AM

Level (0.393 ft):0.00 Discharge (38664000 cf):0.00 Precipitation (25.150 in):

Figure 11-16: 2013 Lake McCarrons Outlet level, discharge, and precipitation.

Lake McCarrons



12 CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

12.1 CONCLUSIONS

In 2013, stormwater discharging from CRWD was measured to be more polluted than the Mississippi River at Lambert’s Landing. High stormwater pollutant levels contribute to the various water quality impairments found in CRWD lakes and the Mississippi River. Additionally, when compared to the National Stormwater Quality Database, CRWD stormwater in 2013 was typically more polluted with sediment, bacteria, and nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen) than other urban watersheds across the nation.

The 2013 monitoring season was the fourth year since 2010 that six CRWD monitoring sites (St. Anthony Park, East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, Trout Brook-East Branch, Trout Brook-West Branch, and Trout Brook Outlet) continuously collected data year-round from January through December. Therefore, the total recorded annual discharge and pollutant loads for these sites were higher from 2010-2013 than the annual data recorded from 2005-2009.

Large precipitation events in mid-May and mid-June 2013 generated the majority of stormflow at all CRWD monitoring sites and contributed a significant portion of the annual yield of TSS, TP, and TN. A drier than average August through September resulted in reduced pollutant loading during this period.

Historically, TSS, TP, and TN yields tend to increase during the fall months, likely as a result of leaf litter decomposition. Most sites in 2013 did not reflect this trend since there was very little precipitation following leaf-off in Fall 2013. Therefore, runoff in Spring 2014 may contain large yields of TSS, TP, and TN as remaining debris stored over the winter is flushed into the system by snowmelt and early season storms.

The Trout Brook subwatershed recorded the highest total discharge and total TSS and TP loads in 2013 in comparison to all other monitored CRWD subwatersheds, though it also has the largest total drainage area. This result closely corresponds to trends identified in previous monitoring years. TSS and TP loads from the Trout Brook-East Branch subwatershed, in particular, were significantly greater than the historical average for the site. Localized construction activities within the Trout Brook-East Branch subwatershed can likely be related to the increased sediment and nutrient transport.

For many sites, the TP and TSS loads from 2010-2012 generally showed a downward trend each year. In 2013, sites generally showed increases in TP and TSS loads with many recording the highest total loads since full year monitoring began in 2010, likely due to the higher than average total precipitation and snowmelt in comparison to previous years.


Past monitoring of the Villa Park subwatershed identified it as a prominent source of TP to Lake McCarrons. In 2013, the Villa Park Wetland System underwent a major dredging project aimed at increasing pond depth and water residence time in order to improve the water quality of flow into Lake McCarrons. The total annual TP and TSS loads in 2013 were the highest on record, with the exception of 2010. The high TP and TSS loads could be a result of several factors, including high intensity storms, increased precipitation, and dredging activities. Future monitoring will be needed to determine the long-term effects of the wetland improvements. In 2013, snowmelt made up a larger portion of discharge, TSS load, and TP load at all sites monitored year-round (East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, St. Anthony Park, Trout Brook-East Branch, Trout Brook-West Branch, and Trout Brook Outlet). A greater snowpack depth during the 2012-2013 winter may have contributed to this observation. Additionally, in 2013, a greater effort was made to sample snowmelt events and to standardize how snowmelt discharge volumes are quantified. Future years’ results will show if the increases seen in 2013 are a better representation of snowmelt’s contribution to the yearly totals or if 2013 was unique in comparison to other years. In 2013, the average stormflow toxicity of copper and lead at all CRWD monitoring sites exceeded the MPCA toxicity standard, with the exception of Como 7 and Villa Park. Toxic levels of zinc are also of concern during stormflow events at some sites, with East Kittsondale, St. Anthony Park, and Como 7 exceeding the MPCA toxicity standard. Average cadmium, chromium, and nickel toxicity at all sites under all flow conditions did not exceed the MPCA toxicity standard. Monitoring has shown that cadmium, chromium, and nickel concentrations are historically not a concern at CRWD monitoring sites. In general, bacteria levels during 2013 storm events were found to exceed MPCA surface water maximum numeric standard at most monitoring sites. In some cases, bacteria results were 100-1000 times greater than the standard. Baseflow bacteria samples typically did not exceed the standard. Cl- levels were monitored year-round in 2013 at all CRWD sites. Large increases in Cl- concentrations were observed during snowmelt periods due to road salt application. Because snowmelt occurred over a longer period of time in 2013, the increases in Cl- yield were also spread over a longer period of time compared to the historical trend. CRWD stormwater ponds were able to provide adequate water storage while maintaining surface levels commensurate with previous monitoring years. Stormwater ponds experienced slight increases in water levels during large storm events; however, excess water generally drained within 72 hours.

12.2 RECOMMENDATIONS

It is the goal of CRWD to continually improve the monitoring program with new ideas in order to advance the program in quality, efficiency, and data application. The monitoring program aims to collect and analyze high quality data from multiple locations to better understand the


water quality in individual subwatersheds as well as the watershed as a whole. Data collection and analysis through the monitoring program helps to further CRWD’s mission “to protect, manage and improve the water resources of the Capitol Region Watershed District.” In 2013, CRWD achieved many of the goals stated in the 2012 Monitoring Report, including:

Collaboration and Partnerships: o CRWD worked collaboratively with the University of Minnesota (Department of

Ecology, Evolution, & Behavior) on a variety of projects that aimed to further analyze CRWD monitoring data using statistical methods (Janke, 2013).

o CRWD partnered with Mississippi River Watershed Management Organization (MWMO) to share monitoring and data analysis methods.

Monitoring Program Evaluation: o CRWD conducted a Monitoring Program Review in October 2013 to analyze and

refocus the goals, methods, and deliverables of the CRWD Monitoring Program. o Seventeen recommendations were developed by CRWD staff.

Methods in Data Analysis:

o For the 2013 Stormwater Monitoring Report, CRWD staff developed and integrated expanded analysis of the 2013 data, including: Using monthly average concentrations for loading tables; Cumulative loading plots for pollutants of concern; Percent metals toxicity exceedance analysis.

o Changes in data analysis methods were based on analysis and recommendations included in Janke (2013).

Monitoring Equipment and Technology Improvements: o In 2013, CRWD invested in new technology and monitoring equipment designed

to improve data quality and efficiency. o All full water quality monitoring sites received equipment upgrades.

Monitoring Site Locations:

o In 2013, CRWD evaluated each monitoring station to determine if the data being collected at each site was contributing to current monitoring goals.

o CRWD eliminated monitoring locations that were no longer meeting the goals of the monitoring program or a specific project.

Evaluation of Laboratory Services: o CRWD began exploring alternative laboratory services in 2013. o Testing of duplicate samples to Braun Intertec began in October 2013. o CRWD will utilize Braun Intertec for illicit discharge sample analysis and E. coli

testing in the future as needed. o CRWD will continue submitting samples to MCES in 2014.


For 2014, CRWD developed several goals and recommendations during the 2013 Monitoring Program Review that are aimed at improving the monitoring program’s efficiency as well as CRWD’s water quantity and quality dataset. Goals for 2014 are:

1. CRWD will establish AC power connection and remote data access to Trout Brook-East Branch, Trout Brook-West Branch, and Trout Brook Outlet in 2014 in order to increase data collection efficiency and data quality.

o These sites will act as pilot projects to explore the feasibility for connecting other monitoring sites in the future.

2. CRWD will consider adjusting parameters and frequency of monitoring at site locations

where data is no longer needed.

3. CRWD will investigate opportunities for monitoring in unmonitored CRWD subwatersheds to establish full water quality monitoring stations at new site locations, including:

o Hidden Falls subwatershed o Trout Brook Nature Sanctuary

4. CRWD will consider analyzing water quality samples for additional parameters not

currently analyzed, such as: bacteria/microbial source tracking, oil/grease, trash, PAHs, contaminants of emerging concern.

5. CRWD will evaluate the sampling season schedule to potentially: o Reduce the total number of monthly baseflow sampling events; o Target specific precipitation events for sampling for storm volume and intensity.

6. CRWD will develop and implement a CRWD Monitoring Quality Assurance Program

Plan (QAPP) in 2014 to ensure data quality. The QAPP will act as a primary guidance document to:

o Define field and laboratory quality assurance goals and procedures; o Summarize monitoring program goals, design, sampling methods, analytical

procedures, and data review protocols.

7. CRWD will begin developing a monitoring database for improved data organization, data accessibility, data querying, and data analysis.

8. CRWD will seek to enhance partnerships with the City of Saint Paul, Ramsey County,

other local urban watershed districts, and research groups (e.g. University of Minnesota) to broaden our understanding of urban hydrology and pollutant loading.

9. CRWD will document illicit discharges throughout the watershed and work with District

municipalities to eliminate other potential sources of pollution.

10. CRWD will work with the MPCA and monitor chloride pollution in stormwater to contribute data to the Twin Cities Metro Area Chloride Project (MPCA, 2012b).


13 REFERENCES Barr Engineering Company (Barr), 2013. 2012 Water Quality Data Review. Minneapolis, MN. Capitol Region Watershed District (CRWD), 2014. 2013 Lakes Monitoring Report. Saint Paul, MN. Capitol Region Watershed District (CRWD), 2012. Stormwater BMP Performance Assessment and Cost-Benefit Analysis. Saint Paul, MN. Capitol Region Watershed District (CRWD), 2010. CRWD 2010 Watershed Management Plan. Saint Paul, MN. Capitol Region Watershed District (CRWD), 2002. Como Lake Strategic Management Plan. Saint Paul, MN. Capitol Region Watershed District (CRWD), 2000. Watershed Management Plan 2000. Roseville, MN. City of St. Paul Surveyor’s Office, 2011. Survey records. Accessed online from http://survey.ci.stpaul.mn.us/survey_records1.html. Saint Paul, MN. Community Collaborative Rain, Hail & Snow Network (CoCoRaHS), 2014. Maps: Daily Precipitation. Accessed online from http://www.cocorahs.org/Maps/ViewMap.aspx?state=usa ESRI, 2011. ArcGIS 9.3 Redlands, CA, USA. Janke, B.D., 2013. Summary and Analysis of Water Quality Data from the Capitol Region Watershed District’s Stormwater Monitoring Program, 2005-2012. University of Minnesota—Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior: St. Paul, MN. Kloiber, S.M., 2006. Estimating nonpoint source pollution for the Twin Cities Metropolitan area using landscape variables. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 172: 313-335. Maestre, A. and Pitt, R., 2005. The National Stormwater Quality Database, Version 1.1, A compilation and Analysis of NPDES Stormwater Monitoring Information. Center for Watershed Protection: Ellicott City, MD. Prepared for US EPA, Office of Water, Washington, D.C. Massa, S., Brocchi, G.F., Peri, G. Altieri, C. and Mammina, C., 2001. Evaluation of recovery methods to detect faecal streptococci in polluted waters. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 32: 298-302.


Metropolitan Council Environmental Services (MCES), 2013. Environmental Information Management System. St. Paul, MN. Minnesota Climatology Working Group (MCWG), 2013. St. Paul Campus Climatological Observatory: 15-minute precipitation data. Accessed online from http://climate.umn.edu/doc/observatory.htm Minnesota Climatology Working Group (MCWG), 2014. Minneapolis/St. Paul Metro Snow Resources. Accessed online from http://climate.umn.edu/doc/twin_cities/twin_cities_snow.htm Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR), 2014a. 2013 Lake Ice Out Dates. Accessed online from http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/ice_out/index.html?year=2013. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR), 2014b. Median Lake Ice Out Dates. Accessed online from http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/ice_out/index.html?year=median Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA). 2013. TMDL Project: Lake Pepin – Excess Nutrients. Accessed online from http://www.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/water/water-types-and-programs/minnesotas-impaired-waters-and-tmdls/tmdl-projects/lower-mississippi-river-basin-tmdl-projects/project-lake-pepin-excess-nutrients.html Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA), 2012a. Final TMDL list of impaired waters. Accessed online from http://www.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/view-document.html?gid=8281. Saint Paul, MN. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA), 2012b. Metro Area Chloride Project. Accessed online from http://www.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/view-document.html?gid=16384. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA), 2012c. South Metro Mississippi River Total Suspended Solids Total Maximum Daily Load Draft. Accessed online from http://www.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/view-document.html?gid=15794. National Weather Service (NWS), 2011. New 1981-2010 Climate Normals. Accessed online from http://www.crh.noaa.gov/mpx/?n=mpxclimatenormals . National Weather Service (NWS), 2013. National Weather Service Climate data. Accessed online from http://www.weather.gov/climate/index.php?wfo=mpx National Weather Service (NWS), 2014a. Local Climate Records. Accessed online from http://www.crh.noaa.gov/mpx/Climate/MSPClimate.php National Weather Service (NWS), 2014b. Twin Cities Snowfall Records. Accessed online from http://www.crh.noaa.gov/mpx/?n=mspsnowfall


Office of the Revisor of Statutes (ORS), 2012. Minn. Stat. § 7050.0222 Specific Water Quality Standards for Class 2 Waters of the State; Aquatic Life and Recreation. Saint Paul, MN. Accessed online from https://www.revisor.mn.gov/rules/?id=7050.0222


APPENDIX A: PRECIPITATION SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

Precipitation Sensitivity of Stormflow and Baseflow Nutrient Loading in CRWD

Prepared for the Capitol Region Watershed District by:

Benjamin D. Janke, Ph.D.

Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior

University of Minnesota

Saint Paul, MN, USA

May 2014

Table of Contents

1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 3

2. Precipitation Effects on Storm Event Nutrient Loading ......................................... 4

2.1. Methods .......................................................................................................................................... 4 2.2. Results: Effect of Rainfall Intensity and Antecedent Conditions on Stormwater

Nutrient Loading ................................................................................................................................. 4

3. Precipitation Sensitivity of Seasonal and Annual Nutrient Loading .................. 9

3.1. Methods .......................................................................................................................................... 9 3.2. Results: Patterns of Precipitation Influence on Nutrient Loading ........................ 10

4. References ........................................................................................................................... 16

1. Introduction

This report describes an analysis of the sensitivity of stormflow and baseflow loading in

major CRWD subwatersheds to precipitation variability, on the event scale for

stormwater, and on seasonal and inter-annual time scales for stormflow and baseflow.

The analysis was carried out in two parts. The first was intended to investigate the effect

of precipitation on event-scale stormwater and nutrient loads by expanding an earlier

regression analysis (Janke 2013) to include the effect of rainfall intensity as well as

updating results with the 2013 monitoring data. The second set of analyses investigated

climate (precipitation) effects on seasonal and annual loading during both stormflow and

baseflow at the main CRWD sites through a simple linear regression analysis.

The purpose of these analyses was to better understand the influence of climate

(precipitation in particular) on water and nutrient loading in CRWD. These results could

be used to determine how the watershed might respond to changes in climate, or to

seasonal patterns of drought or unusually high rainfall amounts. The results could also be

used to determine times of the year or antecedent scenarios in which management may

need to be adapted to mitigate large loading events.

2. Precipitation Effects on Storm Event Nutrient Loading

2.1. Methods

Simple linear regression was used to investigate the effect of rainfall depth, rainfall

intensity, and antecedent rainfall conditions on storm event water volume (ft3), water

yield (in), and flow rate (cfs), and stormwater nutrient (TP, TN, NO3-), TSS, and Cl

-

concentrations (mg/L) and yields (lb/ac) at the main CRWD sites. These sites include

East Kittsondale (EK), Phalen Creek (PC), St. Anthony Park (SAP), Trout Brook East

Branch (TBEB), Trout Brook West Branch (TBWB), and Trout Brook Outlet (TBO). For

all stormflow events in the data record of each site (2005 – 2013), the water yield and

chemistry variables were regressed against two precipitation parameters, rainfall depth

(in) and rainfall intensity (in/h), as well as three antecedent rainfall characteristics: days

since last measureable rainfall (“dry days”), days since last storm of 0.5 inch depth or

greater (“days since 0.5-inch”), and total rainfall depth in the previous 7 days

(“antecedent weekly rain”). All data were log-transformed for this analysis (Helsel and

Hirsch 2002), and correlations were considered significant at p < 0.05.

Rainfall depths for each event were determined from data collected at the automatic and

manual CRWD rain gauges, the University of Minnesota St. Paul Campus weather station

(UMN), and Holman Field (KSTP) near downtown St. Paul, MN. The UMN, KSTP, and

automatic CRWD gauges were used to calculate rainfall intensity for each event, while

the manual gauges were incorporated into rainfall depths only. Event data from all

stations were averaged together for each site using an inverse squared distance

relationship, with distances calculated between the gauge location and the centroid of the

watershed (Brezonik and Stadlemann 2002).

Regression results, including slope, correlation coefficient (R2), and p-value, are

presented in Table 1 and discussed in the section below.

2.2. Results: Effect of Rainfall Intensity and Antecedent Conditions on

Stormwater Nutrient Loading

Rainfall Depth: For most sites, event rainfall depth was a statistically significant,

positive predictor of event water depth, yield, and intensity as well as event yields of all

nutrients, TSS, and Cl-. Of the loading parameters, the relationships were perhaps slightly

weaker for Cl- than for the other parameters. Rainfall depth was not significantly related

to nutrient concentrations at many sites, and slopes were generally negative, suggesting a

dilution effect for larger events. Other mechanisms (perhaps seasonality, land cover, or

antecedent conditions) are likely having a greater effect on nutrient concentrations in

stormwater.

Rainfall Intensity: Rainfall intensity was a less effective predictor of stormwater loading

than rainfall depth at most sites, with lower (but similarly positive slopes) and much

lower R2 and slightly fewer significant relationships. This was especially the case at

TBWB and TBO, for which the significant amount of surface water storage in lakes and

ponds likely reduces the effect of rainfall rate on water and nutrient loading.

Unsurprisingly, runoff flow rate (intensity) at all sites was better predicted by rainfall

intensity than by rainfall depth (higher R2, lower p-value). At PC, SAP, and TBEB,

nutrient concentrations were also generally better predicted by rainfall intensity than

rainfall depth. For TP, TSS, and TN in particular, correlations were positive with rainfall

intensity, suggesting that the greater energy of high rainfall rates may liberate particulates

and connect pervious areas.

Antecedent Parameters: Of the three antecedent parameters, antecedent weekly rainfall

was the most commonly significant predictor of stormwater nutrient loading parameters.

The relationships to stormwater loading (water, nutrients, sediment, and chloride) were

positive at all sites, supporting the idea that the watersheds lose the ability to store and

infiltrate water as the antecedent period (one week) becomes wetter, producing larger

yields of water and nutrients. For several sites (EK, PC, and TBWB) this was the only

antecedent parameter with significant relationships to stormwater hydrology.

Relationships to nutrient concentrations were generally negative at all sites, suggesting

that nutrient sources (erodible soils, vegetation, fertilizer, pet waste, etc.) can become

depleted during wetter periods.

Antecedent dry days were more often significantly related to nutrient concentrations than

to water or nutrient yields at most sites. Relationships to TP, TN, and TSS in particular

were positive, suggesting that “build-up and washoff” is occurring; deposition of dust and

dirt from the atmosphere, cars, trees, and lawns can build up on roadways in the absence

of rainfall, leading to higher concentrations. In addition, runoff volumes are smaller for

drier periods (i.e. slopes are negative), a result of increased water storage capacity in the

watershed as soils dry out and lake and pond levels drop, further contributing to higher

concentrations.

Days since the last 0.5-inch rainfall was significantly related to several stormwater

loading parameters, though much like for antecedent dry days, these varied among sites.

For the two largest watersheds, TBO and SAP, days since 0.5-inch rainfall was

significantly and negatively related to stormwater volume, yield, and rate; while R2 were

low, this result suggests that storage capacity of these watersheds increases in the absence

of larger events, which is logical given the high amount of surface water storage (ponds,

lakes, and wetlands) in these watersheds. Relationships to concentrations were generally

weak but positive at most sites, again suggesting that some build-up and wash-off is

occurring or that some watershed areas are disconnected except for larger events.

Table 1. Summary of parameters for linear regression of rainfall depth, intensity, and antecedent conditions against stormwater flow, nutrient concentration, and nutrient

loading parameters for stormflow events at main CRWD sites, 2005 - 2013. Relationships significant at p < 0.05 are highlighted in blue.

Parameter Rainfall Depth (in) Rainfall Intensity (in/h) Antecedent Dry Days Days Since Last 0.5-Inch Event Antecedent Weekly Rainfall

slope, m R2 p-value slope, m R

2 p-value slope, m R



2 p-value

East Kittsondale

Sto

rm-

wa

ter

Volume (ft3) 0.890 0.689 1.8E-43 0.098 0.016 1.1E-01 0.016 0.002 5.9E-01 0.001 0.000 9.7E-01 0.600 0.306 7.8E-15

Flow Rate (cfs)

0.689 0.342 1.3E-16 0.457 0.283 1.6E-13 0.042 0.010 2.0E-01 0.013 0.001 7.7E-01 0.474 0.155 1.3E-07

Yield (in) 0.300 0.071 5.9E-04 0.088 0.012 1.7E-01 -0.025 0.004 4.0E-01 -0.053 0.010 2.0E-01 0.255 0.056 2.2E-03

Co

ncentr

ation

(mg/L

)

TP -0.005 0.000 9.4E-01 0.003 0.000 9.5E-01 0.050 0.030 2.7E-02 0.057 0.020 6.9E-02 -0.126 0.023 5.2E-02

TN -0.067 0.007 2.9E-01 -0.009 0.000 8.4E-01 0.058 0.046 6.4E-03 0.055 0.022 6.2E-02 -0.144 0.034 1.9E-02

NO3 -0.049 0.002 5.8E-01 0.061 0.006 3.3E-01 0.031 0.007 2.9E-01 0.030 0.003 4.6E-01 0.022 0.000 8.0E-01

TSS 0.053 0.002 5.8E-01 0.105 0.014 1.4E-01 0.091 0.048 4.7E-03 0.089 0.023 5.0E-02 -0.098 0.007 2.9E-01

Cl- -0.258 0.050 4.8E-03 -0.256 0.097 7.0E-05 -0.028 0.005 3.6E-01 0.036 0.005 3.9E-01 -0.210 0.036 1.6E-02

Yie

ld (

lb/a

c) TP 0.742 0.378 1.9E-18 0.144 0.027 3.5E-02 0.099 0.055 2.3E-03 0.130 0.050 3.8E-03 0.271 0.050 3.7E-03

TN 0.633 0.352 1.3E-16 0.151 0.040 1.1E-02 0.092 0.059 1.9E-03 0.110 0.044 7.6E-03 0.285 0.065 1.1E-03

NO3 0.694 0.255 9.9E-12 0.212 0.049 4.8E-03 0.005 0.000 8.9E-01 -0.047 0.006 3.5E-01 0.643 0.236 6.1E-11

TSS 0.954 0.356 2.3E-17 0.348 0.089 9.2E-05 0.119 0.047 4.6E-03 0.124 0.027 3.4E-02 0.487 0.097 4.0E-05

Cl- 0.221 0.040 1.1E-02 -0.228 0.084 2.0E-04 0.020 0.002 5.5E-01 0.060 0.011 1.8E-01 0.072 0.004 4.5E-01

Phalen Creek

Sto

rm-

wa

ter

Volume (ft3) 0.841 0.715 1.5E-37 0.154 0.044 1.7E-02 -0.011 0.001 7.4E-01 -0.037 0.007 3.3E-01 0.620 0.386 1.4E-15

Flow Rate (cfs)

0.689 0.413 7.8E-17 0.548 0.475 1.7E-19 0.007 0.000 8.6E-01 -0.058 0.016 1.5E-01 0.510 0.225 8.3E-09

Yield (in) 0.841 0.715 1.5E-37 0.154 0.044 1.7E-02 -0.011 0.001 7.4E-01 -0.037 0.007 3.3E-01 0.620 0.386 1.4E-15

Co

ncentr

ation

(mg/L

)

TP 0.155 0.027 6.0E-02 0.242 0.118 6.4E-05 0.081 0.049 1.1E-02 0.086 0.043 1.7E-02 -0.060 0.004 4.7E-01

TN -0.050 0.005 4.2E-01 0.119 0.051 9.7E-03 0.074 0.075 1.4E-03 0.074 0.057 5.4E-03 -0.175 0.061 4.0E-03

NO3 -0.022 0.000 8.5E-01 0.032 0.001 7.1E-01 -0.031 0.004 4.8E-01 -0.048 0.007 3.3E-01 0.251 0.037 2.7E-02

TSS 0.377 0.060 4.6E-03 0.479 0.177 8.5E-07 0.084 0.021 1.0E-01 0.088 0.018 1.3E-01 0.140 0.008 3.0E-01

Cl- -0.557 0.275 7.9E-11 -0.340 0.192 1.8E-07 0.055 0.018 1.3E-01 0.105 0.052 8.2E-03 -0.549 0.267 1.7E-10

Yie

ld (

lb/a

c) TP 0.982 0.497 4.0E-21 0.385 0.143 1.1E-05 0.072 0.018 1.3E-01 0.046 0.006 3.9E-01 0.543 0.149 4.7E-06

TN 0.784 0.522 1.3E-22 0.267 0.113 1.0E-04 0.061 0.022 9.2E-02 0.034 0.005 4.1E-01 0.442 0.165 1.4E-06

NO3 0.808 0.254 8.7E-10 0.195 0.026 6.9E-02 -0.033 0.003 5.5E-01 -0.085 0.015 1.7E-01 0.876 0.294 2.3E-11

TSS 1.202 0.415 1.8E-16 0.618 0.202 1.5E-07 0.073 0.011 2.4E-01 0.046 0.003 5.2E-01 0.719 0.148 6.9E-06

Cl- 0.278 0.070 2.4E-03 -0.208 0.072 2.4E-03 0.041 0.010 2.6E-01 0.068 0.022 8.9E-02 0.078 0.005 4.0E-01






2 p-value

St. Anthony Park S

torm

-

wa

ter

Volume (ft3) 0.995 0.637 1.6E-31 0.123 0.027 6.1E-02 -0.069 0.037 2.4E-02 -0.130 0.101 1.5E-04 0.558 0.279 2.7E-11

Flow Rate (cfs)

0.652 0.305 2.6E-12 0.401 0.324 1.3E-12 -0.043 0.016 1.4E-01 -0.086 0.049 9.3E-03 0.506 0.251 3.8E-10

Yield (in) 0.995 0.637 1.6E-31 0.123 0.027 6.1E-02 -0.069 0.037 2.4E-02 -0.130 0.101 1.5E-04 0.558 0.279 2.7E-11

Co

nce

ntr

ation

(mg

/L)

TP -0.064 0.005 4.2E-01 0.158 0.082 7.1E-04 0.032 0.013 1.7E-01 0.046 0.021 8.3E-02 -0.142 0.031 3.7E-02

TN -0.082 0.011 2.2E-01 0.118 0.065 2.8E-03 0.035 0.022 7.6E-02 0.039 0.021 8.3E-02 -0.107 0.025 6.2E-02

NO3 -0.071 0.005 4.0E-01 0.010 0.000 8.5E-01 0.036 0.016 1.4E-01 0.030 0.008 2.9E-01 -0.042 0.002 5.6E-01

TSS -0.007 0.000 9.6E-01 0.378 0.190 1.1E-07 0.033 0.006 3.6E-01 0.079 0.026 5.6E-02 -0.134 0.011 2.1E-01

Cl- -0.376 0.111 5.4E-05 -0.337 0.252 5.5E-10 0.038 0.013 1.7E-01 0.088 0.055 5.1E-03 -0.324 0.113 4.2E-05

Yie

ld (

lb/a

c) TP 0.907 0.436 1.6E-18 0.287 0.121 4.8E-05 -0.037 0.009 2.8E-01 -0.087 0.037 2.3E-02 0.390 0.111 6.5E-05

TN 0.912 0.469 3.6E-20 0.273 0.115 8.0E-05 -0.033 0.007 3.2E-01 -0.094 0.046 1.2E-02 0.458 0.163 1.0E-06

NO3 0.947 0.394 2.7E-16 0.196 0.046 1.4E-02 -0.025 0.003 5.0E-01 -0.103 0.043 1.5E-02 0.532 0.173 4.5E-07

TSS 0.963 0.280 2.9E-11 0.522 0.227 8.9E-09 -0.036 0.005 4.3E-01 -0.053 0.008 3.1E-01 0.407 0.069 1.9E-03

Cl- 0.624 0.210 2.0E-08 -0.168 0.042 2.0E-02 -0.025 0.004 4.6E-01 -0.050 0.013 1.9E-01 0.255 0.049 9.4E-03

Trout Brook East Branch

Sto

rm-

wa

ter

Volume (ft3) 1.038 0.721 3.9E-33 0.136 0.045 2.3E-02 -0.065 0.040 3.3E-02 -0.058 0.029 6.7E-02 0.782 0.484 6.4E-18

Flow Rate (cfs)

0.727 0.385 1.4E-13 0.263 0.184 1.7E-06 -0.008 0.001 7.8E-01 -0.012 0.001 6.8E-01 0.506 0.221 1.2E-07

Yield (in) 1.038 0.721 3.9E-33 0.136 0.045 2.3E-02 -0.065 0.040 3.3E-02 -0.058 0.029 6.7E-02 0.782 0.484 6.3E-18

Co

nce

ntr

ation

(mg

/L)

TP 0.022 0.001 8.0E-01 0.129 0.071 4.1E-03 0.069 0.079 2.3E-03 0.073 0.083 1.8E-03 -0.203 0.057 1.0E-02

TN -0.086 0.013 2.3E-01 0.104 0.066 5.7E-03 0.047 0.054 1.3E-02 0.049 0.054 1.3E-02 -0.226 0.101 5.6E-04

NO3 0.026 0.000 8.3E-01 0.114 0.029 7.1E-02 0.051 0.023 1.1E-01 0.034 0.010 3.0E-01 -0.102 0.008 3.6E-01

TSS 0.103 0.003 5.8E-01 0.346 0.113 2.6E-04 0.121 0.054 1.3E-02 0.111 0.042 2.9E-02 -0.320 0.031 5.9E-02

Cl- -0.405 0.111 3.0E-04 -0.286 0.197 7.4E-07 0.094 0.084 1.8E-03 0.089 0.071 4.2E-03 -0.372 0.109 3.2E-04

Yie

ld (

lb/a

c) TP 1.076 0.521 8.6E-20 0.274 0.123 1.2E-04 0.005 0.000 9.0E-01 0.016 0.001 6.9E-01 0.589 0.185 1.6E-06

TN 0.953 0.549 4.2E-21 0.240 0.125 1.2E-04 -0.019 0.003 5.7E-01 -0.009 0.001 7.8E-01 0.570 0.230 6.6E-08

NO3 1.055 0.392 1.3E-13 0.236 0.070 4.7E-03 -0.010 0.000 8.2E-01 -0.021 0.002 6.3E-01 0.676 0.187 1.8E-06

TSS 1.142 0.250 1.5E-08 0.481 0.162 8.8E-06 0.056 0.009 3.3E-01 0.053 0.007 3.7E-01 0.462 0.049 1.9E-02

Cl- 0.635 0.225 1.0E-07 -0.151 0.045 2.3E-02 0.028 0.006 4.1E-01 0.031 0.007 3.7E-01 0.422 0.117 2.0E-04






2 p-value

Trout Brook West Branch S

torm

-

wa

ter

Volume (ft3) 0.905 0.511 4.5E-20 0.000 0.000 1.0E+00 -0.054 0.021 1.1E-01 -0.056 0.024 9.5E-02 0.668 0.306 4.7E-11

Flow Rate (cfs)

0.346 0.124 7.9E-05 0.227 0.137 1.0E-04 0.015 0.003 5.7E-01 -0.017 0.003 5.3E-01 0.270 0.082 1.4E-03

Yield (in) 0.905 0.511 4.5E-20 0.000 0.000 1.0E+00 -0.054 0.021 1.1E-01 -0.056 0.024 9.4E-02 0.669 0.306 4.7E-11

Co

nce

ntr

ation

(mg

/L)

TP -0.145 0.026 8.0E-02 0.047 0.006 4.3E-01 0.112 0.169 3.5E-06 0.086 0.101 3.9E-04 -0.413 0.221 5.4E-08

TN -0.248 0.104 3.6E-04 0.054 0.010 3.1E-01 0.065 0.078 2.2E-03 0.052 0.051 1.4E-02 -0.353 0.223 5.7E-08

NO3 0.006 0.000 9.5E-01 0.121 0.028 9.1E-02 0.008 0.001 7.8E-01 0.003 0.000 9.0E-01 0.053 0.003 5.5E-01

TSS -0.076 0.002 6.2E-01 0.232 0.044 3.4E-02 0.180 0.146 2.8E-05 0.125 0.071 4.1E-03 -0.389 0.066 5.3E-03

Cl- -0.412 0.175 2.2E-06 -0.236 0.120 3.1E-04 -0.048 0.028 6.8E-02 -0.026 0.008 3.3E-01 -0.218 0.054 1.1E-02

Yie

ld (

lb/a

c) TP 0.768 0.314 2.7E-11 0.048 0.003 5.7E-01 0.058 0.020 1.2E-01 0.029 0.005 4.4E-01 0.255 0.037 3.5E-02

TN 0.661 0.294 2.3E-10 0.047 0.004 5.5E-01 0.011 0.001 7.4E-01 -0.002 0.000 9.6E-01 0.313 0.070 3.7E-03

NO3 0.954 0.392 3.3E-14 0.134 0.016 2.0E-01 -0.050 0.012 2.3E-01 -0.055 0.015 1.9E-01 0.745 0.263 2.4E-09

TSS 0.857 0.219 1.2E-07 0.230 0.037 5.1E-02 0.125 0.055 1.2E-02 0.068 0.017 1.7E-01 0.269 0.025 9.0E-02

Cl- 0.497 0.130 5.8E-05 -0.241 0.063 1.0E-02 -0.102 0.065 5.3E-03 -0.079 0.040 2.9E-02 0.447 0.114 1.6E-04

Trout Brook Outlet

Sto

rm-

wa

ter

Volume (ft3) 0.899 0.600 4.8E-25 -0.045 0.003 5.6E-01 -0.051 0.030 6.2E-02 -0.058 0.037 3.7E-02 0.783 0.498 3.2E-19

Flow Rate (cfs)

0.350 0.232 2.9E-08 0.113 0.055 1.3E-02 -0.027 0.021 1.2E-01 -0.037 0.038 3.4E-02 0.368 0.281 5.7E-10

Yield (in) 0.899 0.600 4.8E-25 -0.045 0.003 5.6E-01 -0.051 0.030 6.2E-02 -0.058 0.037 3.7E-02 0.783 0.498 3.2E-19

Co

nce

ntr

ation

(mg

/L)

TP -0.127 0.020 1.3E-01 0.109 0.030 6.9E-02 0.073 0.098 5.2E-04 0.054 0.052 1.3E-02 -0.349 0.161 5.9E-06

TN -0.213 0.077 2.2E-03 0.040 0.005 4.4E-01 0.057 0.085 1.3E-03 0.034 0.029 6.2E-02 -0.330 0.203 2.7E-07

NO3 -0.196 0.050 1.5E-02 0.032 0.003 6.0E-01 0.018 0.006 3.9E-01 0.015 0.004 4.8E-01 -0.154 0.034 4.5E-02

TSS -0.058 0.002 6.7E-01 0.282 0.077 3.1E-03 0.095 0.065 5.0E-03 0.071 0.035 4.3E-02 -0.436 0.097 5.6E-04

Cl- -0.455 0.227 5.5E-08 -0.252 0.149 3.3E-05 0.019 0.006 4.2E-01 0.025 0.009 3.0E-01 -0.351 0.148 1.9E-05

Yie

ld (

lb/a

c) TP 0.763 0.372 1.9E-13 0.059 0.004 4.9E-01 0.019 0.003 5.3E-01 -0.004 0.000 9.0E-01 0.428 0.128 6.5E-05

TN 0.684 0.349 1.5E-12 -0.005 0.000 9.4E-01 0.006 0.000 8.3E-01 -0.024 0.006 4.0E-01 0.453 0.167 4.0E-06

NO3 0.692 0.301 1.0E-10 -0.009 0.000 9.2E-01 -0.030 0.009 3.2E-01 -0.041 0.016 1.8E-01 0.613 0.258 3.7E-09

TSS 0.841 0.250 7.3E-09 0.236 0.040 3.5E-02 0.045 0.011 2.6E-01 0.013 0.001 7.5E-01 0.348 0.047 1.8E-02

Cl- 0.435 0.121 1.3E-04 -0.285 0.116 3.0E-04 -0.028 0.008 3.5E-01 -0.026 0.006 4.0E-01 0.423 0.125 9.5E-05

3. Precipitation Sensitivity of Seasonal and Annual Nutrient Loading

3.1. Methods

The sensitivity to precipitation variability of stormflow and baseflow water and nutrient

loading at the main CRWD sites was evaluated using simple linear regression of seasonal

and annual precipitation parameters against seasonal and annual water and nutrient loads.

Correlations were considered significant at p < 0.05.

The sites included in the analysis were the main CRWD sites: East Kittsondale, Phalen

Creek, St. Anthony Park, Trout Brook-East Branch, Trout Brook-West Branch, and Trout

Brook Outlet. Loading parameters (dependent variables) included the seasonal (Apr 1 –

Oct 31) stormflow and baseflow loads of water, total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen

(TN), nitrate-nitrite nitrogen (NO3), total suspended solids (TSS), and chloride (Cl-) as

available from the main sites from 2005 – 2013. Annual loads of the same nutrients were

also used, with data available from 2010 – 2013. Explanatory climate variables included

the previous winter’s snowfall depth (measured at the MSP airport), and annual and

seasonal (Apr – Oct) rainfall depths (measured at a number of gauges across the

watershed and spatially averaged according to the methods in Section 2). The effect of

seasonal precipitation variability was incorporated by using 8 other parameters: early

season rainfall (both amount and fraction of pre-July rainfall, on both the seasonal and

annual time scales [4 parameters total]) and late season rainfall (amount and fraction of

post-Sep 1 rainfall on both seasonal and annual time scales [4 parameters total]). All

explanatory factors are summarized in Table 2.

Table 2. Summary of explanatory variables used in linear regression to assess sensitivity

of nutrient loading to precipitation variability.

Explanatory Variables

Previous Winter Snowfall Depth

Seasonal Rainfall Depth

Annual Rainfall Depth

Pre-July 1 Rainfall Depth, Seasonal

Pre-July 1 Rainfall Fraction, Seasonal

Pre-July 1 Rainfall Depth, Annual

Pre-July 1 Rainfall Fraction, Annual

Post-Sep 1 Rainfall Depth, Seasonal

Pre-Sep 1 Rainfall Fraction, Seasonal

Pre-Sep 1 Rainfall Depth, Annual

Pre-Sep 1 Rainfall Fraction, Annual

Several noteworthy patterns from the regression analysis are described in the next

section. Complete results are shown in Table 3, including slope, correlation coefficient

(R2), and p-value. It is acknowledged that the statistical power of the regressions is

limited, given the small number of data points used (at most 9 data points [years] for

seasonal parameters, and only 4 for the annual parameters). Therefore the regression

results should be considered with caution.

3.2. Results: Patterns of Precipitation Influence on Nutrient Loading

Antecedent Snowfall: The total depth of snowfall in the preceding winter appeared to be

an important influence on seasonal and annual baseflow volumes and loads at most sites,

especially for TN and NO3. A sample of the results is shown in Figure 1.

Snowfall depth was positively correlated with seasonal baseflow volume at PC and the

Trout Brook sites and with annual baseflow volume at all sites, with R2 ranging from

0.77 to 0.87 at EK, SAP, and TBO. Seasonal TN and/or NO3 loads were significantly

(and positively) correlated with snowfall depth at EK, PC, and TBEB, all of which are

groundwater-dominated sites with high NO3 concentrations in baseflow. The influence of

antecedent snowfall on baseflow volumes suggests that early season snowmelt is

responsible for a large portion of the recharge of the surface aquifer, which would occur

before evapotranspiration rates are high. The correlation with TN and NO3 loads,

especially at the groundwater-dominated sites, indicates that the shallow groundwater,

which is high in NO3 at many sites, is being flushed by the higher recharge rates. This is

especially true at EK, where all parameters except TSS are significantly (positively)

correlated with antecedent snowfall.

Figure 1. Top: Seasonal baseflow runoff volume vs. antecedent snowfall depth for

TBEB, EK, and PC. Relationship is significant at p < 0.05 for EK. PC plotted vs. right

axis. Bottom: Seasonal baseflow nitrate load vs. snowfall depth. Relationship is

significant for all sites. TBEB plotted vs. left axis, other sites vs. right axis.

0.0E+00

1.0E+07

2.0E+07

3.0E+07

4.0E+07

5.0E+07

6.0E+07

7.0E+07

8.0E+07

9.0E+07

1.0E+08

0.0E+00

2.0E+06

4.0E+06

6.0E+06

8.0E+06

1.0E+07

1.2E+07

1.4E+07

1.6E+07

1.8E+07

2.0E+07

0 20 40 60 80 100

Se

as

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as

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.

Antecedent Snowfall Depth, in

TBEB EK PC

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

0

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Antecedent Snowfall Depth, in

TBEB EK PC TBO

Seasonal Rainfall: Seasonal (Apr – Oct) rainfall depth was an important factor in

determining the magnitude of water and nutrient loads in stormwater on both the

seasonal and annual scales, especially at the non-Trout Brook sites. A sample of the

results is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2. Top: Seasonal stormflow runoff volume and TSS load vs. seasonal rainfall

depth at PC. Bottom: Seasonal stormflow TP and TN loads vs. seasonal rainfall depth at

PC. Relationships are significant at p < 0.05 for all parameters.

0.0E+00

1.0E+05

2.0E+05

3.0E+05

4.0E+05

5.0E+05

6.0E+05

7.0E+05

8.0E+05

9.0E+05

1.0E+06

0.0E+00

5.0E+06

1.0E+07

1.5E+07

2.0E+07

2.5E+07

3.0E+07

3.5E+07

4.0E+07

4.5E+07

5.0E+07

10 15 20 25 30

Se

as

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ad

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Seasonal (Apr - Oct) Rainfall Depth, in

Volume TSS

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

0

200

400

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800

1000

1200

1400

10 15 20 25 30

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Seasonal (Apr - Oct) Rainfall Depth, in.

TP TN

Seasonal rainfall was positively correlated with seasonal stormflow volume, TP, TN,

NO3, TSS, and Cl loads, with fewer strong correlations for annual stormflow parameters.

The correlations were significant for most of these parameters on a seasonal time scale at

EK, PC, and SAP, with far fewer significant correlations at the Trout Brook sites. These

are logical results given that rainfall-runoff is driving the stormflow loads, especially

during the warm season. The presence of fewer correlations at the Trout Brook sites may

be the result of significant surface water storage in these watersheds, or that fewer years

of data were available for those sites. Note that 2005 was not included for EK due to

issues with flow data that appeared to produce an outlier (high seasonal precipitation but

a very low stormwater volume).

Annual Rainfall: Annual rainfall depth was an important factor for the magnitude of

annual water and nutrient loads at most sites.

The depth of annual rainfall was a positive (and significant) predictor of the size of

annual stormflow volume and loads of TP, TN, and TSS at EK and SAP. Positive

correlations with annual stormflow volume, TP, and TSS were strong at PC, TBWB, and

TBO, though not significant. In general, strength and significance of correlations between

annual rainfall and annual nutrient loads were lower than between seasonal rainfall depth

and seasonal nutrient loads. This discrepancy is likely due to snowfall; it is included in

the annual rainfall totals, but snowmelt runoff is generally lumped in with baseflow rather

than stormflow volumes unless it occurs during a rainfall event, likely confounding the

results. Seasonal rainfall depth appeared to be just as suitable as annual rainfall depth for

predicting annual nutrient loads

Early-Season Rainfall: The effect of pre-July rainfall on seasonal and annual nutrient

loads was highly variable among sites, but suggested that wetter spring periods tended to

produce higher baseflow loads and higher chloride loads overall, while corresponding to

lower stormflow loading relative to years with wetter summer and fall periods. A sample

of the results is shown in Figure 3.

Chloride: Increased early season rainfall, either as a fraction or as an absolute depth,

tended to result in increased seasonal Cl- loads for both stormflow and baseflow at all

sites except TBO, with some significant correlations present. This suggests logically that

early season rainfall is flushing road salt from streets and moving it through both

stormwater and shallow groundwater pathways.

Stormflow: Annual stormflow nutrient and sediment loads at several sites, including PC,

SAP, TBWB, and TBO, tended to be lower for higher early season rainfall depth or

fraction. In some cases, the correlations were significant. An explanation for this trend is

not apparent, but suggests that even with leaf out and flushing of lawns and street gutters

by spring rainfall, wetter summer and fall periods may lead to greater annual nutrient

loads.

Baseflow: At several sites, including SAP, TBEB, and TBWB, annual (and sometimes

seasonal) nutrient loads were greater for larger early season rainfall amounts and

fractions, with some significant correlations present. At the other sites, the relationship

between early season rainfall and nutrient loads were still positive but not as strong.

Similar to the relationship between antecedent snowfall and increased baseflow loads,

this trend can perhaps also be explained by the importance of early season rainfall for

groundwater recharge, which occurs before trees are actively transpiring. In the case of

TBWB, which has a large amount of surface water, early season rainfall would tend to

increase lake and pond levels, potentially resulting in more outflow during baseflow

periods.

Figure 3. Annual baseflow and stormflow volumes at TBEB vs. early season precipitation

fraction (annual). Relationships with stormflow is significant at p < 0.05.

Late-Season Rainfall: The influence of post-September rainfall on seasonal and annual

nutrient loads was not uniform across watersheds, but larger amounts and proportions of

late-season rainfall logically tended to increase annual stormflow loads, while having

little effect on baseflow. A sample of the results is shown in Figure 4.

In general, late season rainfall parameters were less effective predictors of nutrient loads

than early season rainfall parameters. This is to some extent a sensible result given that

1.2E+07

1.4E+07

1.6E+07

1.8E+07

2.0E+07

2.2E+07

2.0E+07

2.2E+07

2.4E+07

2.6E+07

2.8E+07

3.0E+07

3.2E+07

3.4E+07

3.6E+07

0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75A

nn

ua

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Fraction of Annual Precipitation Occurring Pre-July

Base Storm

late season rainfall, especially that occurring after the Apr – Oct seasonal period, cannot

have any influence on seasonal loading, and therefore any correlations with seasonal

parameters would likely be spurious.

Baseflow: Very few trends were apparent in the correlations of late season rainfall

parameters and baseflow loads. At PC and TBEB, seasonal baseflow volume and nutrient

loads were negatively (and in some cases strongly or significantly) correlated with late

season rainfall. By contrast, at SAP, late season rainfall was positively (though more

weakly) related to all nutrient loading parameters. An explanation for these trends is not

apparent, given that at all sites the baseflow is influenced by groundwater, and late season

rainfall will likely have too long a residence time after detention or infiltration to

influence baseflow loading.

Stormflow: Late season rainfall was positively correlated with annual stormflow volume

and nutrient loading at most sites, including EK, SAP, and TBEB, with generally high R2

(>0.5) and some significant relationships. This suggests that large fluxes of nutrients are

occurring during wet fall periods, most likely from fall leaf inputs. This is also

complementary to the result for early season rainfall, in which increased proportions of

spring rainfall was negatively correlated with stormflow loads, suggesting the importance

of late summer and fall leaf inputs to stormwater.

Figure 4. Annual stormflow TP loads vs. seasonal late season precipitation (Sep + Oct)

in inches. None of the relationships are significant at p < 0.05. Note that TBEB is plotted

on the right axis, the other sites on the left axis.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

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1,800

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An

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Late Season Rainfall (Sep + Oct), in

SAP EK TBEB

Summary: The assessment of precipitation effects on annual and seasonal nutrient

loading in CRWD watersheds was limited by the simple analysis conducted (linear

regression) and by the relatively low number of sampling years, but a few general trends

can be noted:

(1) Cool-season precipitation, including the previous winter’s snowfall and pre-July

rainfall, appear to have a positive influence on baseflow volumes and nutrient loading.

Groundwater recharge is likely significant during this time, with both snowmelt and

spring rainfall infiltrating before trees leaf out and begin transpiring.

(2) Seasonal rainfall is logically important for seasonal and annual stormflow volumes

and loads of nutrients, sediment, and chloride.

(3) Late-season rainfall, at least at some sites, appears to be important for annual nutrient

loads, with relatively wetter fall periods likely resulting in increased nutrient loads from

autumn leaf drop.

4. References

Helsel DR and Hirsch RM (2002). Statistical Methods in Water Resources Techniques of

Water Resources Investigations, Book 4, Chapter A3. U.S. Geological Survey. 522

pages.

Janke, BD (2013). Summary and Analysis of Water Quality Data from the Capitol

Region Watershed District’s Stormwater Monitoring Program, 2005 – 2012. University

of Minnesota, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior: St. Paul, MN. 210 pp.

Table 3. Summary of linear regression parameters for regression of seasonal and annual nutrient loading against precipitation characteristics at main CRWD sites.

Relationships highlighted in blue are significant at p < 0.05; relationships highlighted in red are R2 > 0.50.

Variable Regr.

Param.

East Kittsondale

Baseflow, Season (Apr 1 - Oct 31) Stormflow, Season (Apr 1 - Oct 31)

Volume (ft3) TP (lb) TN (lb) NO3 (lb) TSS (lb) Cl (lb) Volume (ft3) TP (lb) TN (lb) NO3 (lb) TSS (lb) Cl (lb)

Previous Season's Snowfall

slope, m 189,534 0.820 40.64 31.72 152 4,804 17,960 0.220 -0.36 -0.25 -802 -8

R2 0.65 0.51 0.65 0.76 0.33 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

p-value 8.8E-03 3.0E-02 8.8E-03 2.3E-03 1.0E-01 7.0E-03 9.2E-01 9.6E-01 9.9E-01 9.6E-01 8.7E-01 9.7E-01

Seasonal (Apr-Oct) Rainfall

slope, m 420,719 -1.293 77.08 69.29 -125 8,327 2,273,278 49.784 372.21 57.71 53,618 1,866

R2 0.11 0.05 0.08 0.11 0.01 0.07 0.87 0.70 0.78 0.85 0.56 0.48


Annual Rainfall

slope, m 66,229 -2.472 3.03 22.77 -362 -70 1,275,165 22.620 182.75 35.03 30,201 578

R2 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.02 0.08 0.00 0.32 0.14 0.18 0.40 0.23 0.03

p-value 8.8E-01 2.4E-01 9.8E-01 7.5E-01 4.7E-01 1.0E+00 1.1E-01 3.2E-01 2.5E-01 6.8E-02 1.9E-01 6.4E-01

Pre-July 1 Amount (Season)

slope, m 271,281 0.160 28.66 48.83 -242 7,096 365,653 0.816 66.39 24.27 -8,475 724

R2 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.15 0.01 0.04


Pre-July 1 Fraction (Season)

slope, m 4,772,631 24.808 548.05 712.40 -796 136,951 -4,417,580 -173.632 -201.04 188.30 -395,623 9,142

R2 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.07 0.02


Pre-July 1 Amount (Annual)

slope, m 285,325 -0.275 33.50 50.56 -199 7,451 541,221 3.349 103.95 29.47 -3,297 690

R2 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.21 0.00 0.04


Pre-July 1 Fraction (Annual)

slope, m 6,182,443 28.467 858.47 921.37 1,386 179,804 -3,903,569 -203.405 61.07 241.06 -427,692 6,988

R2 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.06 0.01


Post-Sep 1 Amount (Season)

slope, m -455,636 -1.883 -66.83 -76.24 5 -11,765 279,800 5.128 -0.16 -5.71 20,876 -1,009

R2 0.13 0.09 0.06 0.15 0.00 0.13 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.09 0.08

p-value 3.5E-01 4.3E-01 5.3E-01 3.1E-01 9.9E-01 3.3E-01 7.7E-01 8.4E-01 1.0E+00 8.1E-01 4.4E-01 4.5E-01

Post-Sep 1 Fraction (Season)

slope, m -13,316,456 -31.719 -1928.66 -2333.02 2,146 -324,458 -765,173 3.846 -1167.15 -422.71 334,556 -28,324

R2 0.18 0.04 0.08 0.24 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.08 0.04 0.11

p-value 2.5E-01 5.9E-01 4.5E-01 1.8E-01 8.7E-01 2.6E-01 9.7E-01 1.0E+00 7.9E-01 4.6E-01 6.1E-01 3.8E-01

Post-Sep 1 Amount (Annual)

slope, m -455,562 -1.961 -73.62 -76.62 -139 -11,870 333,021 7.264 9.98 -2.96 20,575 -638

R2 0.13 0.10 0.07 0.15 0.01 0.14 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.03


Post-Sep 1 Fraction (Annual)

slope, m -17,247,081 -36.268 -2724.32 -3057.37 -972 -421,549 -4,248,899 -21.424 -1902.14 -558.94 309,686 -27,187

R2 0.21 0.04 0.11 0.28 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.10 0.02 0.07


Variable Regr.

Param.

East Kittsondale

Baseflow, Annual Stormflow, Annual



slope, m 388,120 1.650 76.38 56.39 216 22,115 -173,153 -4.406 -35.69 -5.41 -2,977 -319

R2 0.87 0.11 0.90 0.97 0.30 0.81 0.13 0.12 0.21 0.26 0.08 0.29



slope, m -2,155,973 -25.530 -330.85 -139.12 -1,765 -95,466 4,076,802 106.394 639.91 83.45 85,719 4,887

R2 0.37 0.36 0.24 0.08 0.28 0.21 0.97 0.96 0.93 0.88 0.96 0.94


Annual Rainfall

slope, m -2,228,027 -25.157 -357.17 -162.46 -1,825 -97,455 3,759,607 98.188 598.74 78.87 78,659 4,592

R2 0.47 0.41 0.32 0.13 0.35 0.26 0.97 0.96 0.96 0.92 0.95 0.97



slope, m -2,013,058 20.461 -444.27 -520.71 492 -209,594 -1,491,668 -42.314 -178.48 -18.73 -39,720 -665

R2 0.19 0.14 0.25 0.69 0.01 0.61 0.08 0.09 0.04 0.03 0.12 0.01



slope, m -7,013,722 537.646 -2912.41 -5887.23 24,556 -2,022,160 -59,366,640 -1597.617 -8575.67 -1058.17 -1,364,504 -55,716

R2 0.01 0.33 0.04 0.31 0.11 0.20 0.43 0.45 0.35 0.29 0.51 0.25



slope, m -1,322,098 19.232 -331.94 -408.45 485 -144,554 -2,271,015 -61.610 -298.83 -34.09 -54,642 -1,734

R2 0.11 0.15 0.18 0.53 0.02 0.36 0.23 0.24 0.15 0.11 0.29 0.09



slope, m 3,020,764 575.626 -1277.08 -4630.12 28,071 -1,298,281 -72,708,579 -1937.450 -10678.29 -1331.91 -1,631,872 -73,058

R2 0.00 0.35 0.01 0.18 0.14 0.08 0.60 0.62 0.50 0.43 0.67 0.40



slope, m -1,637,743 -7.251 -193.01 -147.56 -254 -143,143 4,186,250 106.950 613.69 75.77 87,046 4,884

R2 0.13 0.02 0.05 0.06 0.00 0.28 0.61 0.58 0.51 0.43 0.58 0.55



slope, m -30,680,601 87.856 -2685.17 -3634.24 14,501 -3,925,912 94,663,433 2387.053 13334.71 1588.81 1,952,229 109,154

R2 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.29 0.42 0.39 0.32 0.25 0.40 0.37



slope, m -1,503,610 -9.709 -201.28 -131.39 -556 -109,953 3,318,548 85.207 497.75 62.61 68,997 3,932

R2 0.20 0.06 0.10 0.08 0.03 0.31 0.71 0.68 0.62 0.54 0.68 0.67



slope, m -39,778,443 -89.070 -4758.79 -4218.66 -944 -3,790,275 96,463,222 2452.103 14076.69 1729.80 1,990,857 113,678

R2 0.13 0.00 0.05 0.08 0.00 0.33 0.54 0.51 0.45 0.37 0.51 0.50


Variable Regr.

Param.

Phalen Creek




slope, m 274,478 1.202 84.02 90.94 -17 1,410 66,897 0.013 8.45 -2.98 -1,903 162

R2 0.21 0.11 0.49 0.67 0.00 0.10 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.10

p-value 2.1E-01 3.8E-01 3.5E-02 6.8E-03 9.8E-01 4.1E-01 6.9E-01 1.0E+00 7.5E-01 6.9E-01 6.5E-01 4.1E-01


slope, m 974,028 0.911 138.05 154.23 -2,105 6,638 1,605,039 54.116 263.65 55.66 36,015 1,169

R2 0.16 0.00 0.08 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.83 0.91 0.86 0.48 0.67 0.30


Annual Rainfall

slope, m 851,289 1.146 98.06 116.06 -1,987 6,048 1,536,673 51.445 254.10 54.77 34,521 1,160

R2 0.12 0.01 0.04 0.07 0.11 0.11 0.78 0.84 0.81 0.47 0.62 0.30



slope, m 2,062,366 9.292 219.69 124.93 -466 19,088 1,084,087 28.527 187.97 40.87 9,057 1,916

R2 0.44 0.24 0.12 0.05 0.00 0.66 0.24 0.16 0.27 0.16 0.03 0.51



slope, m 39,794,248 219.316 4336.67 1901.53 22,469 387,456 5,534,551 24.487 1168.35 325.89 -213,241 29,620

R2 0.43 0.36 0.13 0.03 0.02 0.71 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.32



slope, m 981,652 8.474 50.61 25.90 437 11,432 15,103 -4.941 14.43 32.57 -2,449 749

R2 0.10 0.20 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.08



slope, m 5,554,285 163.539 -609.63 -1127.45 54,510 128,371 -25,141,007 -936.870 -3882.24 -303.91 -626,840 -5,415

R2 0.01 0.17 0.00 0.01 0.12 0.07 0.29 0.39 0.26 0.02 0.29 0.01



slope, m -2,101,684 -18.117 -387.39 -272.90 -4,375 -14,885 521,625 35.048 51.25 46.39 45,305 -1,496

R2 0.28 0.58 0.24 0.14 0.21 0.25 0.03 0.15 0.01 0.13 0.41 0.19



slope, m -59,314,033 -426.921 -9891.08 -7623.38 -89,425 -427,457 -7,281,677 26.499 -2136.10 0.34 420,445 -42,158

R2 0.60 0.86 0.42 0.29 0.23 0.55 0.02 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.09 0.41

p-value 1.4E-02 3.1E-04 6.0E-02 1.4E-01 1.9E-01 2.2E-02 7.3E-01 9.7E-01 5.3E-01 1.0E+00 4.2E-01 6.4E-02


slope, m -2,609,761 -15.523 -464.14 -322.15 -2,089 -20,029 -51,424 15.174 -26.03 21.37 31,300 -1,910

R2 0.58 0.57 0.46 0.26 0.06 0.60 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.26 0.42



slope, m -63,160,986 -318.176 -10405.09 -7815.61 -21,198 -486,226 -20,036,910 -394.744 -3684.14 -431.05 112,915 -49,466

R2 0.85 0.60 0.58 0.38 0.02 0.89 0.17 0.06 0.22 0.04 0.01 0.70


Variable Regr.

Param.

Phalen Creek




slope, m 219,664 4.203 120.73 121.49 651 14,173 -171,895 -3.693 -23.07 -4.37 163 -550

R2 0.37 0.44 0.86 0.70 0.44 0.43 0.28 0.09 0.16 0.22 0.00 0.67



slope, m 325,017 -32.339 31.42 308.20 -4,840 -71,439 1,702,021 71.537 292.09 14.25 41,380 -56

R2 0.02 0.74 0.00 0.13 0.70 0.31 0.77 0.96 0.72 0.07 0.94 0.00


Annual Rainfall

slope, m 136,050 -35.493 -75.28 194.63 -5,340 -82,099 1,828,909 73.597 308.61 18.32 40,501 457

R2 0.00 0.85 0.01 0.05 0.82 0.40 0.85 0.97 0.78 0.10 0.86 0.01



slope, m -2,258,212 -30.012 -1350.12 -1553.65 -5,044 -99,241 1,180,792 4.803 145.55 57.06 -24,315 7,106

R2 0.29 0.17 0.79 0.85 0.20 0.16 0.10 0.00 0.05 0.28 0.08 0.82



slope, m -32,457,508 201.665 -15798.40 -22492.46 25,318 -20,070 -15,767,746 -1144.299 -3413.30 336.19 -960,946 76,947

R2 0.28 0.04 0.51 0.83 0.02 0.00 0.08 0.30 0.12 0.04 0.62 0.45



slope, m -1,925,306 27.513 -600.18 -931.88 4,436 10,228 -1,868,926 -87.068 -368.88 -21.96 -58,677 1,286

R2 0.39 0.26 0.29 0.57 0.29 0.00 0.45 0.69 0.56 0.08 0.92 0.05



slope, m -21,649,585 548.629 -5034.44 -9965.27 87,608 613,832 -33,572,608 -1422.636 -6272.81 -472.31 -872,041 1,176

R2 0.24 0.50 0.10 0.31 0.54 0.05 0.70 0.89 0.78 0.17 0.98 0.00



slope, m -2,066,369 -33.928 -415.58 -18.41 -3,779 -184,963 968,605 53.405 81.89 -46.40 30,031 -2,415

R2 0.34 0.30 0.10 0.00 0.15 0.76 0.09 0.19 0.02 0.26 0.18 0.13



slope, m -62,566,961 -321.393 -10577.48 -4037.21 -9,680 -3,844,348 -6,130,268 177.810 -3406.58 -1700.79 119,079 -79,627

R2 0.52 0.04 0.11 0.01 0.00 0.56 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.58 0.00 0.24



slope, m -1,496,853 -32.800 -309.37 51.79 -3,926 -155,840 1,106,841 56.093 125.99 -31.98 31,767 -1,835

R2 0.25 0.39 0.08 0.00 0.24 0.77 0.17 0.30 0.07 0.17 0.28 0.11



slope, m -61,868,609 -501.858 -10115.49 -1666.66 -35,028 -4,340,034 2,731,615 588.126 -1942.69 -1709.45 370,367 -86,329

R2 0.44 0.09 0.09 0.00 0.02 0.61 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.50 0.04 0.25


Variable Regr.

Param.

St. Anthony Park




slope, m -468,954 -2.358 -9.44 10.68 -755 -145 -429,605 -6.033 -43.10 -3.99 -3,431 -388

R2 0.06 0.06 0.01 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.30 0.25 0.23 0.03 0.16 0.17



slope, m 4,296,947 23.953 322.29 131.75 6,562 20,813 2,752,666 41.924 324.58 68.39 29,405 2,908

R2 0.32 0.37 0.37 0.32 0.29 0.29 0.72 0.69 0.76 0.52 0.68 0.55


Annual Rainfall

slope, m 4,104,095 22.304 292.04 117.51 6,295 18,572 2,565,902 39.314 302.10 64.08 27,214 2,716

R2 0.36 0.40 0.38 0.32 0.33 0.29 0.78 0.75 0.81 0.56 0.72 0.59



slope, m -1,913,621 -3.719 -13.02 30.52 -2,495 21 -55,530 -3.737 33.54 22.85 -1,621 1,501

R2 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.11

p-value 5.7E-01 8.3E-01 9.6E-01 7.7E-01 6.4E-01 1.0E+00 9.7E-01 8.7E-01 8.4E-01 5.8E-01 9.2E-01 3.7E-01


slope, m -47,920,931 -126.355 -980.14 315.90 -56,816 -40,555 -10,972,619 -220.232 -532.12 241.32 -143,014 21,929

R2 0.09 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.07



slope, m -2,623,435 -7.953 -27.56 52.10 -4,981 -1,371 -1,134,324 -21.011 -68.60 11.25 -11,329 163

R2 0.09 0.03 0.00 0.04 0.12 0.00 0.09 0.13 0.02 0.01 0.07 0.00



slope, m -98,400,499 -474.313 -5031.50 -1169.25 -176,220 -319,282 -56,939,377 -922.626 -5838.47 -939.66 -572,521 -47,593

R2 0.37 0.33 0.20 0.06 0.47 0.15 0.70 0.76 0.55 0.22 0.58 0.33



slope, m 6,626,457 29.423 411.66 122.99 8,816 29,565 2,904,981 45.766 284.54 28.91 34,753 1,216

R2 0.52 0.39 0.42 0.20 0.36 0.41 0.56 0.57 0.41 0.06 0.66 0.07



slope, m 85,942,159 286.635 4175.92 581.23 90,909 341,621 28,616,685 474.276 2006.60 -386.46 401,196 -15,560

R2 0.20 0.08 0.10 0.01 0.09 0.12 0.12 0.14 0.04 0.03 0.20 0.02



slope, m 6,727,661 29.598 421.08 131.36 8,300 31,394 3,237,028 51.025 332.58 38.15 38,536 1,758

R2 0.48 0.36 0.40 0.20 0.29 0.41 0.62 0.64 0.50 0.10 0.73 0.13



slope, m 83,764,645 215.003 3670.89 209.81 54,401 371,169 27,008,391 460.553 1692.14 -719.84 421,993 -25,331

R2 0.11 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.02 0.05 0.13 0.04


Variable Regr.

Param.

St. Anthony Park




slope, m 537,965 4.986 94.41 51.89 728 10,991 -497,461 -7.340 -54.81 -4.53 -4,519 -541

R2 0.77 0.60 0.66 0.85 0.08 0.60 0.24 0.18 0.20 0.04 0.12 0.46



slope, m -1,538,609 -48.191 -687.76 -254.73 -20,194 -93,567 8,993,873 153.826 1086.66 148.08 116,834 7,063

R2 0.07 0.65 0.41 0.24 0.72 0.50 0.93 0.93 0.90 0.52 0.93 0.91


Annual Rainfall

slope, m -1,510,679 -44.433 -654.15 -237.10 -18,978 -88,399 8,086,976 138.119 983.86 145.48 103,373 5,858

R2 0.09 0.73 0.48 0.27 0.83 0.59 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.66 0.96 0.82



slope, m -1,633,708 5.877 46.38 -112.28 12,574 14,463 -2,660,694 -51.580 -388.55 -129.79 -37,667 1,371

R2 0.10 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.33 0.01 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.48 0.12 0.04



slope, m -18,393,407 345.559 4356.65 -497.80 309,641 724,107 -89,543,946 -1629.823 -11919.92 -2891.62 -1,210,785 -13,287

R2 0.04 0.13 0.06 0.00 0.63 0.11 0.34 0.39 0.41 0.74 0.38 0.01



slope, m 933,733 32.218 545.30 138.65 18,224 73,723 -5,483,648 -94.642 -715.06 -175.24 -64,049 -903

R2 0.03 0.35 0.30 0.08 0.69 0.37 0.41 0.42 0.46 0.86 0.33 0.02



slope, m 25,473,006 729.299 11780.43 3660.27 357,139 1,579,420 -124,964,139 -2138.158 -15761.77 -3175.33 -1,508,108 -53,379

R2 0.08 0.62 0.50 0.20 0.94 0.60 0.75 0.75 0.79 1.00 0.65 0.22



slope, m 975,368 -31.083 -311.14 -34.86 -19,536 -52,069 8,132,649 145.094 1003.54 142.17 116,726 6,038

R2 0.03 0.26 0.08 0.00 0.66 0.15 0.74 0.80 0.75 0.47 0.91 0.65



slope, m 37,089,765 -615.337 -4762.96 424.25 -436,015 -930,842 183,463,576 3309.568 22658.09 3075.38 2,719,505 141,389

R2 0.07 0.17 0.03 0.00 0.55 0.08 0.64 0.71 0.65 0.37 0.83 0.60



slope, m 771,726 -23.774 -220.90 -29.22 -14,291 -37,785 6,357,992 113.315 775.87 96.99 92,502 5,288

R2 0.03 0.23 0.06 0.00 0.52 0.12 0.67 0.73 0.66 0.32 0.85 0.74



slope, m 45,257,919 -444.060 -1393.15 1301.55 -337,489 -493,299 159,889,987 2910.047 19421.72 2014.27 2,490,958 149,811

R2 0.10 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.31 0.02 0.46 0.52 0.45 0.15 0.66 0.64


Variable Regr.

Param.





slope, m 71,923 0.465 6.54 7.07 35 1,679 44,671 1.580 7.54 1.59 1,928 273

R2 0.28 0.09 0.82 0.90 0.03 0.21 0.09 0.09 0.13 0.17 0.21 0.18



slope, m 118,777 5.300 -1.88 9.04 -80 2,038 746,576 19.673 64.85 10.73 6,039 995

R2 0.03 0.40 0.00 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.89 0.49 0.34 0.28 0.07 0.09


Annual Rainfall

slope, m 92,096 4.570 -4.75 5.27 -48 1,632 659,852 17.396 57.27 9.23 4,973 800

R2 0.02 0.37 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.86 0.48 0.32 0.25 0.06 0.07



slope, m 599,154 6.333 13.68 13.93 951 17,099 293,700 20.649 91.49 12.48 15,259 2,890

R2 0.66 0.55 0.12 0.12 0.84 0.72 0.13 0.52 0.65 0.36 0.45 0.69



slope, m 9,226,608 71.156 232.94 161.42 17,615 276,058 -652,585 211.511 1133.41 149.36 214,886 44,162

R2 0.42 0.19 0.10 0.04 0.79 0.51 0.00 0.15 0.27 0.14 0.24 0.44



slope, m 503,411 5.047 12.50 13.07 894 14,425 235,899 18.199 83.91 10.15 15,690 2,172

R2 0.59 0.45 0.13 0.13 0.95 0.66 0.11 0.52 0.69 0.30 0.61 0.50



slope, m 8,532,680 53.949 288.83 196.67 18,148 256,226 -2,366,003 177.525 1078.93 115.66 252,690 35,844

R2 0.34 0.10 0.14 0.06 0.79 0.42 0.02 0.10 0.23 0.08 0.32 0.28



slope, m -508,810 -2.051 -21.99 -21.50 -694 -14,732 86,444 -3.212 -29.28 -10.13 -3,409 -2,736

R2 0.39 0.05 0.26 0.23 0.37 0.44 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.19 0.02 0.51



slope, m -12,980,671 -87.146 -484.99 -551.72 -17,017 -369,828 -2,881,185 -216.072 -1187.69 -326.86 -120,434 -74,170

R2 0.48 0.16 0.24 0.29 0.42 0.53 0.02 0.09 0.17 0.39 0.04 0.72



slope, m -509,847 -1.441 -21.04 -21.51 -750 -14,909 100,345 -2.656 -29.03 -9.53 -4,068 -2,487

R2 0.39 0.02 0.24 0.23 0.43 0.45 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.17 0.03 0.42



slope, m -16,202,344 -112.072 -495.33 -665.94 -21,759 -460,563 -7,250,861 -351.649 -1754.15 -415.67 -197,678 -83,693

R2 0.54 0.20 0.18 0.31 0.50 0.60 0.09 0.17 0.27 0.45 0.09 0.66


Variable Regr.

Param.





slope, m 39,037 0.693 10.71 8.40 47 3,170 15,254 0.226 1.82 0.61 1,356 -49

R2 0.04 0.06 0.20 0.98 0.01 0.25 0.03 0.01 0.16 0.06 0.16 0.02



slope, m -1,181,449 -13.095 -134.80 -1.32 -4,450 -42,080 797,714 11.917 23.31 8.37 -4,897 1,347

R2 0.52 0.28 0.40 0.00 0.81 0.56 0.87 0.43 0.33 0.14 0.03 0.24


Annual Rainfall

slope, m -1,283,138 -14.802 -155.15 -13.13 -4,644 -47,645 798,426 11.451 20.38 8.20 -7,564 1,500

R2 0.60 0.35 0.52 0.03 0.86 0.70 0.85 0.39 0.24 0.13 0.06 0.29



slope, m 1,696,751 23.538 173.14 -25.15 5,439 40,563 -1,030,556 -3.031 -8.26 -23.90 17,959 -2,711

R2 0.65 0.55 0.41 0.07 0.74 0.32 0.88 0.02 0.03 0.71 0.22 0.59



slope, m 23,077,359 294.886 2360.92 -335.19 79,720 617,628 -15,123,503 -114.223 -263.77 -283.10 177,658 -33,266

R2 0.60 0.43 0.37 0.06 0.79 0.37 0.95 0.12 0.13 0.49 0.11 0.44



slope, m 1,351,422 19.208 154.28 1.83 4,121 37,521 -721,742 -1.427 -1.11 -16.36 16,847 -2,139

R2 0.89 0.78 0.69 0.00 0.91 0.58 0.93 0.01 0.00 0.71 0.42 0.79



slope, m 24,584,863 333.395 2805.57 31.04 78,643 722,511 -13,856,845 -72.215 -117.23 -272.09 263,767 -36,645

R2 0.85 0.68 0.66 0.00 0.95 0.62 0.99 0.06 0.03 0.57 0.29 0.67



slope, m -548,591 -1.688 -77.98 -20.92 -2,974 -36,586 494,508 18.534 34.82 -6.39 8,162 -76

R2 0.09 0.00 0.11 0.06 0.29 0.34 0.27 0.85 0.59 0.07 0.06 0.00



slope, m -6,933,389 72.044 -1110.83 -426.81 -58,176 -746,193 9,852,936 506.352 983.35 -257.27 341,209 -14,816

R2 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.16 0.21 0.16 0.92 0.69 0.16 0.15 0.03



slope, m -579,801 -3.580 -80.66 -19.85 -2,743 -33,462 450,205 14.367 26.25 -3.50 3,994 183

R2 0.16 0.03 0.18 0.09 0.38 0.44 0.34 0.78 0.52 0.03 0.02 0.01



slope, m -11,256,504 3.302 -1698.50 -558.52 -69,078 -884,475 11,383,398 491.829 927.44 -212.78 260,359 -7,434

R2 0.06 0.00 0.08 0.06 0.23 0.29 0.21 0.87 0.61 0.11 0.09 0.01

p-value 7.6E-01 1.0E+00 7.3E-01 7.5E-01 5.2E-01 4.6E-01 5.4E-01 6.6E-02 2.2E-01 6.7E-01 7.0E-01 9.1E-01

Variable Regr.

Param.

Trout Brook West Branch




slope, m 420,381 4.967 37.36 29.33 152 3,826 625,288 8.833 54.99 10.63 7,184 419

R2 0.10 0.23 0.06 0.30 0.01 0.24 0.12 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.03



slope, m 1,860,206 15.315 132.71 13.55 2,420 12,785 6,995,067 160.803 947.68 155.77 101,808 6,041

R2 0.08 0.09 0.03 0.00 0.08 0.10 0.61 0.56 0.52 0.45 0.63 0.24


Annual Rainfall

slope, m 1,495,690 10.752 101.78 -4.04 1,765 9,566 5,928,309 135.055 792.60 128.57 85,515 4,769

R2 0.06 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.05 0.07 0.54 0.49 0.45 0.38 0.55 0.19



slope, m 1,267,617 26.634 128.90 92.36 6,051 13,388 5,046,248 150.391 962.80 167.59 68,783 10,928

R2 0.04 0.29 0.03 0.13 0.56 0.12 0.34 0.53 0.58 0.56 0.31 0.86



slope, m 11,667,712 462.083 1922.22 1948.85 114,996 189,121 49,744,489 1910.145 12873.48 2340.28 644,547 187,500

R2 0.01 0.18 0.01 0.12 0.43 0.05 0.07 0.18 0.22 0.24 0.06 0.54



slope, m 2,589,396 34.751 300.95 139.92 6,566 20,595 4,207,185 122.749 806.97 132.93 53,593 9,672

R2 0.19 0.56 0.20 0.34 0.76 0.33 0.27 0.41 0.47 0.41 0.22 0.77



slope, m 47,951,773 743.974 6609.39 3585.99 144,891 408,444 30,953,599 1400.011 10255.34 1721.37 333,562 178,962

R2 0.11 0.41 0.15 0.36 0.60 0.21 0.02 0.09 0.12 0.11 0.01 0.43



slope, m 2,374,434 -5.538 326.92 -17.61 -1,266 4,618 -5,100,663 -125.487 -804.84 -165.78 -48,432 -9,651

R2 0.09 0.01 0.13 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.23 0.24 0.27 0.36 0.10 0.44



slope, m 39,273,759 -254.163 6228.14 -548.19 -54,146 5,899 -165,620,205 -4069.416 -25535.74 -4950.56 -1,845,472 -270,486

R2 0.05 0.03 0.09 0.01 0.06 0.00 0.47 0.49 0.52 0.62 0.28 0.67



slope, m 2,370,032 -6.490 285.30 -16.73 -1,505 4,793 -4,684,581 -111.857 -735.79 -151.68 -32,999 -9,617

R2 0.09 0.01 0.10 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.20 0.19 0.23 0.31 0.05 0.44



slope, m 36,716,822 -372.579 5424.38 -504.64 -78,928 -35,837 -212,199,807 -5056.735 -31930.07 -6007.80 -2,143,965 -337,834

R2 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.56 0.56 0.60 0.67 0.28 0.76


Variable Regr.

Param.





slope, m 794,622 7.711 102.01 48.54 1,169 14,998 51,516 -5.562 -38.44 -8.71 43 -1,225

R2 0.31 0.22 0.28 0.52 0.10 0.83 0.00 0.12 0.19 0.14 0.00 0.79

p-value 4.5E-01 5.3E-01 4.7E-01 2.8E-01 6.8E-01 8.7E-02 9.5E-01 6.6E-01 5.6E-01 6.3E-01 1.0E+00 1.1E-01


slope, m -3,701,921 -115.435 -1091.10 -236.12 -29,551 -45,570 6,357,759 110.227 511.51 135.55 125,129 2,897

R2 0.08 0.62 0.40 0.15 0.82 0.10 0.54 0.58 0.42 0.41 1.00 0.06


Annual Rainfall

slope, m -4,111,673 -107.942 -1054.71 -248.96 -26,928 -50,112 5,779,197 103.031 490.33 129.54 109,581 3,437

R2 0.13 0.70 0.48 0.22 0.88 0.15 0.58 0.65 0.50 0.49 0.99 0.10



slope, m 361,559 70.320 563.22 -18.86 21,933 -44,318 -7,353,654 -83.001 -328.69 -98.41 -116,995 4,081

R2 0.00 0.16 0.07 0.00 0.32 0.06 0.51 0.23 0.12 0.15 0.62 0.08



slope, m 27,856,057 1469.918 12859.11 1240.87 418,870 -221,603 -120,453,695 -1586.303 -6757.86 -1919.73 -2,034,400 27,671

R2 0.01 0.30 0.16 0.01 0.49 0.01 0.58 0.36 0.22 0.25 0.79 0.02



slope, m 6,248,083 119.762 1258.98 308.69 28,992 49,771 -7,490,370 -122.127 -601.45 -163.01 -111,951 -3,827

R2 0.26 0.74 0.59 0.29 0.88 0.13 0.84 0.79 0.64 0.66 0.89 0.11



slope, m 104,636,549 2071.915 21598.73 5278.80 503,272 876,082 -127,191,426 -2095.849 -10284.31 -2779.17 -1,955,352 -66,400

R2 0.25 0.74 0.58 0.28 0.89 0.13 0.81 0.78 0.63 0.65 0.91 0.11



slope, m 4,381,505 -51.713 -170.61 26.39 -16,774 -31,416 -425,281 24.484 33.70 -3.65 94,310 517

R2 0.09 0.09 0.01 0.00 0.19 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.00



slope, m 184,644,375 -567.717 5327.23 3766.13 -275,458 -289,389 -60,519,799 -198.755 -3732.94 -1350.47 2,016,065 -34,535

R2 0.20 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.26 0.01



slope, m 2,802,416 -46.643 -214.52 -7.52 -14,313 -30,086 9,985 25.617 63.60 7.12 76,318 900

R2 0.06 0.12 0.02 0.00 0.24 0.05 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.46 0.01

p-value 7.6E-01 6.5E-01 8.6E-01 9.9E-01 5.1E-01 7.7E-01 1.0E+00 8.0E-01 9.1E-01 9.6E-01 3.2E-01 9.2E-01


slope, m 170,003,511 -513.990 4970.07 3309.50 -247,272 -368,199 -62,357,190 -223.274 -3576.18 -1301.05 1,804,718 -24,141

R2 0.20 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.01 0.06 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.23 0.00


Variable Regr.

Param.





slope, m 420,381 4.967 37.36 29.33 152 3,826 625,288 8.833 54.99 10.63 7,184 419

R2 0.10 0.23 0.06 0.30 0.01 0.24 0.12 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.03



slope, m 1,860,206 15.315 132.71 13.55 2,420 12,785 6,995,067 160.803 947.68 155.77 101,808 6,041

R2 0.08 0.09 0.03 0.00 0.08 0.10 0.61 0.56 0.52 0.45 0.63 0.24


Annual Rainfall

slope, m 1,495,690 10.752 101.78 -4.04 1,765 9,566 5,928,309 135.055 792.60 128.57 85,515 4,769

R2 0.06 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.05 0.07 0.54 0.49 0.45 0.38 0.55 0.19



slope, m 1,267,617 26.634 128.90 92.36 6,051 13,388 5,046,248 150.391 962.80 167.59 68,783 10,928

R2 0.04 0.29 0.03 0.13 0.56 0.12 0.34 0.53 0.58 0.56 0.31 0.86



slope, m 11,667,712 462.083 1922.22 1948.85 114,996 189,121 49,744,489 1910.145 12873.48 2340.28 644,547 187,500

R2 0.01 0.18 0.01 0.12 0.43 0.05 0.07 0.18 0.22 0.24 0.06 0.54



slope, m 2,589,396 34.751 300.95 139.92 6,566 20,595 4,207,185 122.749 806.97 132.93 53,593 9,672

R2 0.19 0.56 0.20 0.34 0.76 0.33 0.27 0.41 0.47 0.41 0.22 0.77



slope, m 47,951,773 743.974 6609.39 3585.99 144,891 408,444 30,953,599 1400.011 10255.34 1721.37 333,562 178,962

R2 0.11 0.41 0.15 0.36 0.60 0.21 0.02 0.09 0.12 0.11 0.01 0.43



slope, m 2,374,434 -5.538 326.92 -17.61 -1,266 4,618 -5,100,663 -125.487 -804.84 -165.78 -48,432 -9,651

R2 0.09 0.01 0.13 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.23 0.24 0.27 0.36 0.10 0.44



slope, m 39,273,759 -254.163 6228.14 -548.19 -54,146 5,899 -165,620,205 -4069.416 -25535.74 -4950.56 -1,845,472 -270,486

R2 0.05 0.03 0.09 0.01 0.06 0.00 0.47 0.49 0.52 0.62 0.28 0.67



slope, m 2,370,032 -6.490 285.30 -16.73 -1,505 4,793 -4,684,581 -111.857 -735.79 -151.68 -32,999 -9,617

R2 0.09 0.01 0.10 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.20 0.19 0.23 0.31 0.05 0.44



slope, m 36,716,822 -372.579 5424.38 -504.64 -78,928 -35,837 -212,199,807 -5056.735 -31930.07 -6007.80 -2,143,965 -337,834

R2 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.56 0.56 0.60 0.67 0.28 0.76


Variable Regr.

Param.





slope, m 794,622 7.711 102.01 48.54 1,169 14,998 51,516 -5.562 -38.44 -8.71 43 -1,225

R2 0.31 0.22 0.28 0.52 0.10 0.83 0.00 0.12 0.19 0.14 0.00 0.79

p-value 4.5E-01 5.3E-01 4.7E-01 2.8E-01 6.8E-01 8.7E-02 9.5E-01 6.6E-01 5.6E-01 6.3E-01 1.0E+00 1.1E-01


slope, m -3,701,921 -115.435 -1091.10 -236.12 -29,551 -45,570 6,357,759 110.227 511.51 135.55 125,129 2,897

R2 0.08 0.62 0.40 0.15 0.82 0.10 0.54 0.58 0.42 0.41 1.00 0.06


Annual Rainfall

slope, m -4,111,673 -107.942 -1054.71 -248.96 -26,928 -50,112 5,779,197 103.031 490.33 129.54 109,581 3,437

R2 0.13 0.70 0.48 0.22 0.88 0.15 0.58 0.65 0.50 0.49 0.99 0.10



slope, m 361,559 70.320 563.22 -18.86 21,933 -44,318 -7,353,654 -83.001 -328.69 -98.41 -116,995 4,081

R2 0.00 0.16 0.07 0.00 0.32 0.06 0.51 0.23 0.12 0.15 0.62 0.08



slope, m 27,856,057 1469.918 12859.11 1240.87 418,870 -221,603 -120,453,695 -1586.303 -6757.86 -1919.73 -2,034,400 27,671

R2 0.01 0.30 0.16 0.01 0.49 0.01 0.58 0.36 0.22 0.25 0.79 0.02



slope, m 6,248,083 119.762 1258.98 308.69 28,992 49,771 -7,490,370 -122.127 -601.45 -163.01 -111,951 -3,827

R2 0.26 0.74 0.59 0.29 0.88 0.13 0.84 0.79 0.64 0.66 0.89 0.11



slope, m 104,636,549 2071.915 21598.73 5278.80 503,272 876,082 -127,191,426 -2095.849 -10284.31 -2779.17 -1,955,352 -66,400

R2 0.25 0.74 0.58 0.28 0.89 0.13 0.81 0.78 0.63 0.65 0.91 0.11



slope, m 4,381,505 -51.713 -170.61 26.39 -16,774 -31,416 -425,281 24.484 33.70 -3.65 94,310 517

R2 0.09 0.09 0.01 0.00 0.19 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.00



slope, m 184,644,375 -567.717 5327.23 3766.13 -275,458 -289,389 -60,519,799 -198.755 -3732.94 -1350.47 2,016,065 -34,535

R2 0.20 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.26 0.01



slope, m 2,802,416 -46.643 -214.52 -7.52 -14,313 -30,086 9,985 25.617 63.60 7.12 76,318 900

R2 0.06 0.12 0.02 0.00 0.24 0.05 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.46 0.01

p-value 7.6E-01 6.5E-01 8.6E-01 9.9E-01 5.1E-01 7.7E-01 1.0E+00 8.0E-01 9.1E-01 9.6E-01 3.2E-01 9.2E-01


slope, m 170,003,511 -513.990 4970.07 3309.50 -247,272 -368,199 -62,357,190 -223.274 -3576.18 -1301.05 1,804,718 -24,141

R2 0.20 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.01 0.06 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.23 0.00



APPENDIX B: METAL STANDARDS BASED ON HARDNESS


APPENDIX B METAL STANDARDS BASED ON HARDNESS

Metals standards for cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc were calculated on an individual site basis for the entire monitoring season (yearly) as well as for base, storm, and illicit discharge event types (Table 42). Listed below are the equations used to calculate the event type and yearly metals standards for cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and zinc. Average hardness concentrations for each individual monitoring site were used in the calculations, which is why each site has a different standard. To convert from micrograms (µg) to milligrams (mg), the standard was multiplied by the conversion factor of

,.

. ∗ .

. ∗ .

. ∗ .

. ∗ .

. ∗ .

The Minnesota Rules also states that for waters with hardness values greater than 212 mg/L, the chronic standard for nickel shall not exceed 0.297 mg/L. For those event types or yearly averages which have average hardness values which exceed 212 mg/L, the nickel standard for those event types or year was set equal to the state standard of 0.297 mg/L. If the average hardness value was less than 212 mg/L, the following equation was used to calculate the nickel standard:

. ∗ .


Table B-1: Metals standards based on average hardness, 2013.

Parameter AverageLambert's Landing

East Kittsondale

Phalen Creek

St. Anthony

Park

Trout Brook -

East Branch

Trout Brook - West

Branch

Trout Brook Outlet Como 7 Sarita Villa Park

Base -- 480* 435* 393 534* 219 372 -- -- 299Illicit Discharge -- 322 -- -- -- -- -- 119 -- --Snowmelt -- 128 202 178 278 126 182 34 43 166Storm -- 44 112 64 108 81 113 27 40 190Yearly 257 224 246 263 319 137 239 55 41 239Base -- 0.0034 0.0034 0.0033 0.0034 0.0021 0.0032 -- -- 0.0027Illicit Discharge -- 0.0028 -- -- -- -- -- 0.0013 -- --Snowmelt -- 0.0014 0.0020 0.0018 0.0025 0.0014 0.0018 0.0005 0.0006 0.0017Storm -- 0.0006 0.0012 0.0008 0.0012 0.0010 0.0012 0.0004 0.0006 0.0019Yearly 0.0024 0.0021 0.0023 0.0024 0.0028 0.0015 0.0022 0.0007 0.0006 0.0022Base -- 0.6442 0.6442 0.6350 0.6442 0.3933 0.6070 -- -- 0.5076Illicit Discharge -- 0.5393 -- -- -- -- -- 0.2387 -- --Snowmelt -- 0.2534 0.3681 0.3319 0.4782 0.2501 0.3380 0.0855 0.1037 0.3135Storm -- 0.1057 0.2271 0.1436 0.2204 0.1742 0.2288 0.0708 0.0977 0.3501Yearly 0.4484 0.4007 0.4326 0.4570 0.5352 0.2679 0.4225 0.1269 0.0997 0.4225Base -- 0.0232 0.0232 0.0230 0.0232 0.0160 0.0222 -- -- 0.0194Illicit Discharge -- 0.0203 -- -- -- -- -- 0.0109 -- --Snowmelt -- 0.0115 0.0152 0.0141 0.0185 0.0113 0.0142 0.0050 0.0058 0.0135Storm -- 0.0059 0.0105 0.0075 0.0103 0.0086 0.0106 0.0044 0.0056 0.0146Yearly 0.0176 0.0162 0.0172 0.0179 0.0202 0.0119 0.0169 0.0068 0.0057 0.0169Base -- 0.0186 0.0186 0.0182 0.0186 0.0086 0.0169 -- -- 0.0128Illicit Discharge -- 0.0141 -- -- -- -- -- 0.0040 -- --Snowmelt -- 0.0044 0.0078 0.0066 0.0117 0.0043 0.0068 0.0008 0.0011 0.0061Storm -- 0.0011 0.0037 0.0018 0.0035 0.0024 0.0037 0.0006 0.0010 0.0072Yearly 0.0106 0.0089 0.0100 0.0109 0.0139 0.0047 0.0096 0.0015 0.0010 0.0096Base -- 0.5094 0.5094 0.5019 0.5094 0.3060 0.4791 -- -- 0.3982Illicit Discharge -- 0.4240 -- -- -- -- -- 0.1827 -- --Snowmelt -- 0.1943 0.2858 0.2568 0.3745 0.1917 0.2617 0.0633 0.0772 0.2421Storm -- 0.0787 0.1735 0.1081 0.1683 0.1319 0.1748 0.0521 0.0726 0.2714Yearly 0.2970 0.3119 0.3377 0.3573 0.4207 0.2058 0.3295 0.0951 0.0742 0.3295Base -- 0.3431 0.3431 0.3380 0.3431 0.2060 0.3227 -- -- 0.2681Illicit Discharge -- 0.2855 -- -- -- -- -- 0.1228 -- --Snowmelt -- 0.1307 0.1923 0.1728 0.2521 0.1289 0.1761 0.0425 0.0519 0.1629Storm -- 0.0529 0.1167 0.0726 0.1131 0.0887 0.1176 0.0350 0.0488 0.1826Yearly 0.2359 0.2099 0.2273 0.2405 0.2833 0.1384 0.2218 0.0639 0.0498 0.2218

*For hardness values greater than 400mg/L, 400 mg/L is used as the value for metals standards calculations (MPCA)


Zinc

Hardness

Cadmium

Chromium

Copper

Lead

Nickel


Table B-2: Percent metals toxicity exceedances for copper, lead, and zinc for all sites for all years monitored.

ParameterEast

KittsondalePhalen Creek

St. Anthony Park

Trout Brook- East

Branch

Trout Brook- West

Branch

Trout Brook Outlet

Sarita Villa Park

Outlet

Copper

No. of Samples 147 121 108 117 121 118 100 108

Exceedances (%) 98.6 89.3 77.8 75.2 86.8 77.1 99.0 0.9

Mean Exc. (ratio) 5.1 3.7 3.2 2.0 2.7 2.5 1.8 1.0

Lead

No. of Samples 147 121 108 117 121 118 100 108

Exceedances (%) 98.0 93.4 83.3 85.5 95.9 89.0 99.0 11.1

Mean Exc. (ratio) 36.0 32.1 14.2 6.8 11.5 10.0 13.8 2.7

Zinc

No. of Samples 147 121 108 117 121 118 100 108

Exceedances (%) 93.9 72.7 58.3 19.7 43.8 28.0 99.0 0.0

Mean Exc. (ratio) 2.8 2.3 2.0 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.4 N/A

Mean exceedance given as a ratio, e.g. mean concentration of Cu exceedances at EK is 5.1 times higher than the standard


APPENDIX C: MISCELLANEOUS REFERENCE TABLES


APPENDIX C MISCELLANEOUS REFERENCE TABLES

Table C-1: Data collection efficiency at CRWD monitoring sites, 2013.

Site Possible Days Possible Hours Hours Missing Efficiency

East Kittsondale 365 8,760 1 100%

Phalen Creek 365 8,760 553 94%

St. Anthony Park 365 8,760 328 96%

Trout Brook-East Branch 365 8,760 1 100%

Trout Brook-West Branch 365 8,760 4 100%

Trout Brook Outlet 365 8,760 1 100%

Como 7 194 4,651 0 100%

Sarita 193 4,636 0 100%

Villa Park 197 4,724 0 100%

Arlington-Jackson 182 4,363 0 100%

Sims-Agate 178 4,269 0 100%

Westminster-Mississippi 176 4,233 129 97%

McCarrons Outlet 187 4,489 0 100%

Como Outlet 196 4,703 0 100%

Total 3,693 88,628 1,017 99%


Table C-2: Total rainfall during monitoring days at CRWD sites.

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

East Kittsondale 29.05 24.67 24.25 18.89 20.95 35.61 33.62 30.26 36.36

Phalen Creek 29.28 24.13 13.96 17.73 20.34 36.32 33.62 29.73 31.20

St. Anthony Park 28.27 24.13 23.99 9.95 18.72 26.84 29.24 29.71 34.00

Trout Brook-East Branch 23.87 23.92 17.91 20.63 36.27 33.43 30.01 36.36

Trout Brook-West Branch 28.78 24.67 24.25 18.99 20.63 36.32 33.62 29.72 36.36

Trout Brook Outlet 29.28 24.67 24.23 15.54 20.95 36.32 24.53 30.26 36.36

Como 7 28.96 24.16 17.40 18.82 30.92 28.90 26.02 24.70

Sarita 18.19 23.19 17.64 18.72 30.62 28.90 26.16 24.70

Villa Park 24.66 24.16 19.45 19.11 31.32 28.90 26.38 26.00

30.61

36.36

SiteRainfall (inches)

NWS 30-Year Normal Precipitation (January-December)

Total 2013 Precipitation at UMN Climatological Observatory Table C-3: Number of possible monitoring days for continuously monitored sites.

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

East Kittsondale 200 210 225 218 277 365 365 366 365

Phalen Creek 197 194 134 210 262 365 365 366 342

St. Anthony Park 191 192 215 126 218 230 269 366 351

Trout Brook-East Branch 191 217 212 273 365 349 366 365

Trout Brook-West Branch 191 212 228 220 273 365 365 366 365

Trout Brook Outlet 198 211 226 198 277 365 344 366 365

Como 7 195 222 209 217 209 205 223 194

Sarita 159 227 203 213 205 203 228 193

Villa Park 204 228 223 220 212 211 232 197

SiteMonitoring Days


APPENDIX D: SUPPLEMENTAL CUMULATIVE YIELD PLOTS


APPENDIX D SUPPLEMENTAL CUMULATIVE YIELD PLOTS

Figure D-1: Cumulative baseflow discharge for all sites, 2013.


Figure D-2: Cumulative stormflow discharge for all sites, 2013.

Figure D-3: Cumulative TSS yields during baseflow for all sites, 2013.


Figure D-4: Cumulative TSS yields during stormflow for all sites for 2013.

Figure D-5: Cumulative TP yields during baseflow for all sites, 2013.


Figure D-6: Cumulative TP yields during stormflow for all sites, 2013.

Figure D-7: Cumulative TN yields during baseflow for all sites, 2013.


Figure D-8: Cumulative TN yields during stormflow for all sites, 2013.

Figure D-9: Cumulative Cl- yields during baseflow for all sites, 2013.


APPENDIX E: AVERAGE MONTHLY CONCENTRATIONS BY SITE


APPENDIX E AVERAGE MONTHLY CONCENTRATIONS BY SITE

Table E-1: Average monthly baseflow concentrations by site, 2005-2013.

Month n mean n mean n mean n mean n mean n mean n mean n mean

Jan 3 0.084 5 0.068 5 0.074 4 0.116 5 0.056 4 0.047 4 0.139 5 0.088Feb 4 0.047 6 0.084 5 0.064 6 0.064 6 0.193 4 0.052 4 0.165 5 0.132Mar 5 0.045 6 0.064 5 0.139 6 0.171 6 0.081 8 0.081 6 0.163 6 0.145Apr 8 0.095 8 0.051 8 0.128 7 0.061 8 0.065 7 0.041 8 0.123 7 0.091May 14 0.147 14 0.085 12 0.095 11 0.074 14 0.097 11 0.053 11 0.166 12 0.229June 16 0.075 13 0.085 12 0.092 12 0.113 14 0.072 12 0.070 13 0.269 13 0.361July 19 0.101 18 0.061 18 0.077 16 0.105 18 0.082 16 0.063 18 0.611 18 0.489Aug 19 0.060 19 0.057 16 0.072 14 0.095 16 0.094 13 0.072 15 0.417 15 0.450Sep 16 0.111 12 0.046 13 0.063 14 0.123 13 0.071 13 0.046 12 0.554 10 0.392Oct 15 0.091 14 0.067 14 0.085 12 0.084 12 0.114 10 0.063 12 0.343 13 0.419Nov 9 0.139 8 0.084 9 0.076 6 0.071 8 0.085 6 0.053 7 0.237 6 0.231Dec 3 0.027 6 0.064 6 0.052 5 0.079 6 0.138 5 0.076 6 0.184 6 0.138

Jan 3 2.43 5 2.44 5 1.55 4 1.27 5 1.64 4 2.16 4 2.86 5 2.55Feb 4 2.32 6 2.56 5 1.40 6 1.34 6 2.84 4 2.11 4 2.59 5 2.58Mar 5 2.78 6 2.74 5 2.62 6 2.42 6 1.84 8 2.50 6 2.97 6 3.23Apr 8 3.68 8 2.60 8 1.40 7 1.93 8 1.73 7 2.09 8 1.69 7 2.03May 14 3.44 14 2.57 12 1.78 11 1.70 14 2.06 11 2.04 11 1.41 12 2.32June 16 3.43 13 2.99 12 1.70 12 1.71 14 1.44 12 2.02 13 1.32 13 2.14July 19 3.12 18 2.29 18 1.26 16 1.59 18 1.45 16 1.79 18 1.93 18 2.67Aug 19 2.69 19 2.32 16 1.28 14 1.47 16 1.56 13 1.92 15 1.62 15 2.91Sep 16 2.95 12 2.40 13 1.41 14 1.58 13 1.42 13 1.74 12 1.96 10 2.13Oct 15 3.21 14 2.49 14 1.52 12 1.55 12 1.80 10 2.04 12 2.03 13 2.99Nov 9 2.70 8 2.52 9 1.56 6 1.09 8 1.54 6 1.65 7 1.68 6 2.12Dec 3 2.14 6 2.45 6 1.53 5 1.15 6 2.33 5 1.90 6 2.02 6 2.41

Villa Park Outlet

Villa Park Inlet

Total Phosphorus (mg/L)

Total Nitrogen (mg/L)

Kittsondale Phalen CreekSt. Anthony

ParkTrout Brook- East Branch

Trout Brook- West Branch

Trout Brook Outlet


Month n mean n mean n mean n mean n mean n mean n mean n mean

Jan 3 25 5 5 5 13 4 60 5 13 4 7 4 67 5 4Feb 4 3 6 15 5 26 6 15 6 72 4 21 4 13 5 8Mar 5 4 6 11 5 44 6 21 6 18 8 14 6 10 6 7Apr 8 25 8 4 8 24 7 8 8 12 7 12 8 8 7 10May 14 16 14 12 12 22 11 10 14 24 11 7 11 16 12 32June 16 18 13 9 12 26 12 14 14 8 12 9 13 12 13 19July 19 14 18 10 18 15 16 11 18 14 16 10 18 30 18 13Aug 19 8 19 6 16 42 14 14 16 18 13 8 15 17 15 36Sep 16 19 12 3 13 29 14 7 13 21 13 6 12 42 10 29Oct 15 25 14 3 14 33 12 9 12 20 10 11 12 41 13 37Nov 9 9 8 4 9 27 6 10 8 34 6 11 7 23 6 23Dec 3 2 6 2 6 23 5 12 6 66 5 17 6 6 6 17

Jan 3 584.3 5 200.0 5 156.6 4 369.8 5 81.1 4 151.0 4 372.3 5 389.4Feb 4 537.5 6 357.7 5 138.4 6 585.5 6 128.1 4 155.0 4 610.8 5 538.2Mar 5 953 6 674.7 5 274.4 6 692.5 6 183.8 8 245.4 6 436.5 6 457.7Apr 8 552.0 8 123.3 8 74.3 7 364.0 8 95.0 7 128.4 8 175.0 7 252.7May 14 425.7 14 125.1 12 108.3 11 349.0 14 77.9 11 127.3 11 118.2 12 132.3June 16 367.6 13 103.8 12 107.5 12 319.9 14 71.7 12 117.6 13 82.1 13 123.8July 19 341.1 18 123.7 18 72.0 16 309.1 18 64.5 16 122.3 18 81.9 18 89.3Aug 19 319.0 19 125.9 16 95.7 14 297.6 16 73.0 13 143.0 15 73.1 15 83.4Sep 16 326.1 12 134.1 13 138.6 14 313.7 13 62.0 13 131.6 12 108.4 10 119.2Oct 15 359.3 14 133.1 14 129.4 12 299.7 12 68.4 10 125.8 12 93.8 13 114.8Nov 9 491.6 8 177.1 9 170.5 6 356.5 8 73.1 6 144.8 7 134.2 6 132.7Dec 3 713.7 6 150.2 6 168.3 5 347.9 6 99.9 5 158.0 6 218.3 6 280.8


Trout Brook Outlet

Villa Park Outlet

Villa Park Inlet

Chloride (mg/L)

Total Suspended Solids (mg/L)




Table E-2: Average monthly stormflow concentrations by site, 2005-2013.

Month n mean n mean n mean n mean n mean n mean n mean n mean n mean n mean

JanFebMar 1 0.182 5 0.251 4 0.333 3 0.249 3 0.223 3 0.265 1 0.144 4 0.318 3 0.270 3 0.323Apr 9 0.434 8 0.282 9 0.355 7 0.280 5 0.280 6 0.453 5 0.193 6 0.130 6 0.283 3 0.261May 28 0.504 19 0.438 20 0.251 19 0.367 22 0.425 25 0.417 11 0.273 17 0.172 20 0.451 10 0.217June 28 0.523 28 0.537 25 0.335 19 0.392 19 0.492 20 0.445 17 0.276 22 0.253 22 0.587 11 0.257July 29 0.355 25 0.462 22 0.338 21 0.362 23 0.410 26 0.409 18 0.243 22 0.288 17 0.408 14 0.213Aug 33 0.347 26 0.407 31 0.273 21 0.320 28 0.409 20 0.399 22 0.279 18 0.279 14 0.334 10 0.156Sep 21 0.366 20 0.342 20 0.229 12 0.368 11 0.380 10 0.454 12 0.300 11 0.318 6 0.629 7 0.204Oct 21 0.337 15 0.359 16 0.239 17 0.366 14 0.418 13 0.448 15 0.220 14 0.232 12 0.518 11 0.184Nov 2 0.688 1 0.439 1 0.102 1 0.245 1 0.572 2 0.435 1 0.161 2 0.209 1 0.831 1 0.288Dec

JanFebMar 1 1.39 5 2.02 4 2.07 3 1.94 3 1.79 3 2.03 1 1.10 4 2.62 3 2.20 3 3.26Apr 9 3.51 8 2.07 9 2.85 7 2.64 5 3.28 6 3.67 5 1.44 6 2.09 6 1.95 3 2.18May 28 3.93 19 3.05 20 2.28 19 2.39 22 2.89 25 2.94 11 2.04 17 1.66 20 3.18 10 2.14June 28 3.24 28 3.26 25 2.43 19 2.19 19 2.93 20 2.80 17 1.72 22 1.81 22 3.72 11 2.29July 29 2.79 25 2.82 22 2.59 21 2.15 23 2.33 26 2.38 18 1.63 22 1.75 17 2.27 14 1.98Aug 33 2.35 26 2.40 31 2.03 21 2.02 28 2.18 20 2.33 22 1.67 18 1.51 14 1.94 10 2.00Sep 21 2.50 20 2.11 20 1.62 12 1.99 11 2.08 10 2.35 12 1.55 11 1.75 6 3.55 7 2.28Oct 21 1.70 15 1.62 16 1.45 17 1.68 14 1.82 13 2.36 15 1.20 14 1.85 12 1.69 11 1.47Nov 2 2.38 1 1.38 1 0.92 1 2.12 2 1.41 1 0.99 2 1.27 1 1.71 1 1.60Dec

Total Phosphorus (mg/L)

Total Nitrogen (mg/L)




Trout Brook Outlet

Sarita OutletVilla Park

OutletComo 7 GCP Outlet


Month n mean n mean n mean n mean n mean n mean n mean n mean n mean n mean

JanFebMar 1 100 5 58 4 453 3 60 3 72 3 87 1 49 4 87 3 92 3 20Apr 9 334 8 116 9 240 7 87 5 222 6 247 5 65 6 11 6 150 3 80May 28 323 19 248 20 155 19 178 22 210 25 257 11 83 17 53 20 284 10 17June 28 240 28 337 25 225 19 179 19 248 20 207 17 113 22 53 22 317 11 25July 29 224 25 297 22 242 21 136 23 216 26 237 18 66 22 32 17 208 14 27Aug 33 215 26 251 31 231 21 228 28 318 20 202 22 91 18 74 14 230 10 15Sep 21 265 20 235 20 133 12 191 11 324 10 233 12 74 11 35 6 239 7 21Oct 21 107 15 137 16 123 17 81 14 137 13 214 15 35 14 65 12 125 11 10Nov 2 382 1 49 1 15 1 3 1 289 2 163 1 7 2 16 1 79 1 8Dec

JanFebMar 1 28.0 5 60.9 4 73.5 3 136.7 3 84.7 3 92.3 1 30.0 4 134.8 3 26.8 3 141.0Apr 9 64.7 8 35.0 9 63.8 7 112.7 5 43.8 6 116.8 5 12.8 6 128.2 6 7.4 3 125.3May 28 26.2 19 27.0 20 38.6 19 89.8 22 36.4 25 57.2 11 8.9 17 95.3 20 11.7 10 63.7June 28 17.9 28 18.9 25 21.1 19 48.3 19 20.4 20 40.0 17 3.0 22 74.3 22 11.1 11 66.3July 29 12.5 25 15.5 22 16.6 21 47.8 23 14.7 26 35.8 18 10.7 22 60.9 17 4.5 14 43.1Aug 33 8.1 26 11.5 31 18.4 21 36.2 28 13.6 20 31.2 22 5.1 18 54.2 14 5.1 10 69.9Sep 21 11.2 20 11.5 20 13.6 12 59.7 11 13.1 10 38.1 12 5.4 11 64.0 6 7.4 7 50.1Oct 21 15.4 15 28.9 16 18.9 17 53.3 14 18.3 13 35.5 15 3.5 14 81.1 12 7.2 11 28.1Nov 2 33.0 1 26.0 1 54.0 1 141.0 1 35.0 2 67.0 1 7.0 2 97.2 1 22.0 1 55.0Dec

Chloride (mg/L)




Trout Brook Outlet



Total Suspended Solids (mg/L)


Table E-3: Average snowmelt concentrations by site, 2005-2013.

Parameter (mg/L) n mean n mean n mean n mean n meanTotal Phosphorus 1 0.333 15 0.4702 11 0.2699 14 0.3087 14 0.2868Total Nitrogen 1 2.77 15 4.06 11 2.76 14 3.34 14 3.12TSS 1 22 15 87 11 121 14 34 14 71Chloride 1 166 15 640 11 307 14 720 14 292




Parameter (mg/L) n mean n mean n mean n mean n meanTotal Phosphorus 10 0.324 8 0.4305 13 0.3706 8 0.5818 3 0.78Total Nitrogen 10 3.65 8 3.75 13 4.19 8 5.35 3 7.16TSS 10 90 8 26 13 30 8 134 3 16Chloride 10 317 8 132 13 397 8 1070 3 249



Trout Brook Outlet

final 2013 crwd stormwater monitoring report (for website)

Documents

mccarrons subwatershed

appendix e

appendix d

appendix b

appendix c

district water quality

list of tables

executive summary