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Films of the Cinema

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SO, WHAT ARE WE DOING?

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How it works Day 1 Intro to film & topic; begin watching film Day 2 Continue watching film Day 3 Finish watching film; begin working on analysis paper Day 4 Class discussion & paper due

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Topics to Study Animation computer & hand drawn Film scores Genre topics (sci-fi, epic, etc.) Historical accuracy Adaptations Technical elements lighting, makeup, etc. Special effects Foreign language Controversies Critiques & reviews

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Films Snow White (1937) Gone with the Wind (1939) Casablanca (1942) The Andromeda Strain (1970) Blade Runner (1982)*** Glory (1989)*** Schindlers List (1993)*** Mr. Hollands Opus (1995)

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Films Toy Story (1995) Run Lola Run (1998)*** Whale Rider (2002) Pans Labyrinth (2006)*** Tree of Life (2010)

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Film Permission Form Parents approve which films you may see X beside films you DO NOT have permission to view No form = no movies! If you cant watch a film, you will be given an alternative, research assignment to complete. You will not be allowed in the classroom while the film is being shown.

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HISTORY OF FILM

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Photography First 1816 first photographic images 1839 Louis Daguerre creates clear, sharp images on silver copperplate 1872 Eadweard Muybridge sets up 12 cameras along track to take pictures of horse running; created movement with photography

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Photography First

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1884 celluloid film developed for still camera; allowed for develop of motion pictures

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The First Film 1888 England Roundhay Garden Scene Louis le Prince Black & white, only a few seconds long Pinhole camera

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First American Film 1889 William Dickson (working for Thomas Eddison) Fred Otts Sneeze

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Silent Film 1889 Dickson shows Thomas Edison projection film with sound Sound quality is poor Edison chooses silent film over poor sound quality Invents Kinetoscope No stories used yet Just general actions

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Simple Films Called actualities Shot outdoors, on location Usually involved vaudeville acts Single, unedited shot No narrative content

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Black Maria Created by Thomas Edison First film studio Camera only moves forward and backward Roof open to allow sunlight in; building rotated to let in sunlight Camera used electricity

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Black Maria

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Nickelodeons Dawn of 1900s Small, storefront theaters Featured films accompanied by piano music One or two recorded vaudeville acts Admission was only a nickle

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Editing: A Happy Accident? Story that idea of cutting from scene to scene came from director on a tight schedule Malfunction caused scene to be lost & there wasnt time to reshoot It was decided that lost footage wasnt really needed By late 1800s it was common practice to cut directly from scene to scene

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Trip to the Moon 1902 by Georges Melies French film Practically invented special effects Shift from documentary-style to telling a narrative story

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Trip to the Moon https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_FrdVd KlxUk&ab_channel=escuelacine.com

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The Great Train Robbery 1903 by Edwin S. Porter American Film Featured dramatic storyline Cut between different locations Use of different camera angles 14 scenes 12 minutes long Great epic of its time

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The Great Train Robbery https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BINBZE 5XFR4&ab_channel=Historia-Bel99TV

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1905-1915 Nickelodeons bring over 2 million viewers in 10,000 movie houses Censorship begins in Chicago and NYC William Fox & Co. breaks up the MPPC (Motion Picture Patents Company) trust Use of multi-reel films leads to feature- length films France really takes the lead

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Birth of a Nation 1915 Based on book The Clansman, an anti- African America, bigoted play Release caused major censorship battle over vicious, extremist depiction of African Americans Film still used today for Klan recruitment Black characters played by white actors

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Birth of a Nation 3 hours long longest film to date One of the biggest money-makers in the history of film Caused riots in Boston & Philadelphia Chicago, Denver, St. Louis, and other major cities refused to show the film

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Birth of a Nation

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Scholars agree its one of the most influential pieces in American film history Introduced and/or refied: camera angles, traveling shots, artificial lighting, realistic sets, flashbacks, split screens, soft focus, dissolves, fades

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The Star System Actors preferred anonymity studios did not give screen credit or pay much Florence Lawrence, Americas first movie star, transitioned from the Biograph Girl to the IMP Girl & became a household name Movie-goers flocked to see their favorite stars

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Films with Sound 1923 sound incorporated making talking pictures 1927 sound recorded at the same time as acting in The Jazz Singer, a musical recorded by Warner Brothers

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Color Films 1932 first recorded surviving color film, Disney cartoon Flowers and Trees 1934 live action color films The Cat and the Fiddle and The House of Rothschild

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Hollywood Golden Age 1930s-1940s 20 th Century Fox, Warner Brothers, Paramount, Columbia, Universal Studios Disney was still an independent production company, not a major one Each production company are still running today and are known as the big six

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World War II Heavy impact on film industry Offered escape for audiences at home & deployed overseas Most films have some patriotic element to them Propaganda films to inform & influence American views of WWII TV began to emerge, but film dominated as most families could not afford one

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World War II

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Internationalist Age 1947 1959 Decline of the Hollywood studio No more war to make propaganda for TV introduced & presents unique problem for film Smaller production houses move in & play to niche audiences (e.g. Woody Allan & the quirky comedy)

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New Wave Age 1960 1980 French cinema becomes more influential and other European countries follow (Sweden & United Kingdom) The Hollywood studio system dies completely Film festivals emerge

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Mass Media 1980 present Individual contracts for talent allows actors to work with different companies Blockbuster disaster genre emerges Influence of non-European film begins Matrix heavily influenced by Asian film Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon

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ANIMATION

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Precursors Began with zoetrope originally made in China circa 180 AD Modern zoetrope invented in 1834 by William George Horner Not popular until 1860s

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Persistence of Vision Brains ability to retain an image a fraction of a second longer than the eye actually sees it Humans can process 16 individual images in rapid succession and connect them to make a fluid sequence of movement

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Precursors Flip books appeared in 1868 & known originally kineograph Usually made for children

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Humorous Phases of Funny Faces 1906 J. Stuart Blackton Made first animated film Drew faces on a board & photographed the images Ran the film sequentially to show progression of the faces This is considered stop motion film Watch Film

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Stop Motion Basis of animation Relies oh photographs of still objects Objects are moved & photographed When photographs move together in quick sequence (e.g. film) it creates the illusion of movement Clay figures often used for ease of movement (claymation)

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Cartoons 1914 Winsor McCay Combination of drawing and stop motion techniques Gertie the DinosaurGertie the Dinosaur 5 minutes long = 10,000 drawings

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Development 1914-1928 artists developed animation technology & taught others about how to create animation 1928 Walt Disney debuts first cartoon to combine animation & sound Steamboat WillieSteamboat Willie Animation developed rapidly after adding sound

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Computer Generated Imagery Late 1970s early 1980s Originally allowed animators to create fantasy situation and illusions within live action 1984 The Last Starfighter was first mainstream movie to use CGI 1995 Toy Story first full-length movie entirely in CGI

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Computer Generated Imagery