Types of ProgramsTypes of Programsandand

Program Program DevelopmentDevelopment

Types of ProgramsTypes of ProgramsTelevised SportsTelevised Sports

Usually Captured and Broadcast LiveUsually Captured and Broadcast Live Usually Shot with Multiple CamerasUsually Shot with Multiple Cameras Usually Have a Location Production TruckUsually Have a Location Production Truck Usually Feature an Announcer (Play by Play)Usually Feature an Announcer (Play by Play) and a Color Commentator (Often a “Jock”)and a Color Commentator (Often a “Jock”) Usually Employ Local Camera Ops and CrewUsually Employ Local Camera Ops and Crew Usually Shot on Beta-SP or HDUsually Shot on Beta-SP or HD Occasionally Shot on 16mm FilmOccasionally Shot on 16mm Film

Types of ProgramsTypes of ProgramsTelevised News PackagesTelevised News Packages

Usually Compiled over a Few HoursUsually Compiled over a Few Hours Always Shot with a Single CameraAlways Shot with a Single Camera Usually Broadcast the Same DayUsually Broadcast the Same Day Usually Feature a Stand-Up AnnouncerUsually Feature a Stand-Up Announcer Usually Employ Station PersonnelUsually Employ Station Personnel Always Edited at the Station or AffiliateAlways Edited at the Station or Affiliate Running Time Usually 2-3 MinutesRunning Time Usually 2-3 Minutes Usually Shot on Video or HDUsually Shot on Video or HD

Types of ProgramsTypes of ProgramsTelevised Live NewsTelevised Live News

Always Shot Live on LocationAlways Shot Live on Location Usually Shot with a Single CameraUsually Shot with a Single Camera Always Broadcast LiveAlways Broadcast Live Usually Feature a Stand-Up AnnouncerUsually Feature a Stand-Up Announcer Usually Feature Communication w/ HostsUsually Feature Communication w/ Hosts Always Employ Station PersonnelAlways Employ Station Personnel Running Time Usually 2-3 MinutesRunning Time Usually 2-3 Minutes Usually Shot on Video or HDUsually Shot on Video or HD

Types of ProgramsTypes of ProgramsBroadcast Feature StoriesBroadcast Feature Stories

Usually Compiled over Weeks or MonthsUsually Compiled over Weeks or Months Usually Shot with a Single CameraUsually Shot with a Single Camera Usually Provide Their Own EquipmentUsually Provide Their Own Equipment Often Feature a V.O. (Voice-Over) TrackOften Feature a V.O. (Voice-Over) Track Usually Employ Minimal Local CrewUsually Employ Minimal Local Crew Usually Edited in NY or LAUsually Edited in NY or LA Running Time Usually 5-20 MinutesRunning Time Usually 5-20 Minutes Usually Shot on Video or HDUsually Shot on Video or HD

Types of ProgramsTypes of ProgramsDocumentary FilmDocumentary Film

Usually Compiled over Months or YearsUsually Compiled over Months or Years Usually Shot with a Single or Two CamerasUsually Shot with a Single or Two Cameras Usually Provide Their Own EquipmentUsually Provide Their Own Equipment Often Feature a V.O. (Voice-Over) TrackOften Feature a V.O. (Voice-Over) Track Usually Employ Minimal Local CrewUsually Employ Minimal Local Crew Usually Edited Over a Long Period of TimeUsually Edited Over a Long Period of Time Running Time Usually 30-60-90 MinutesRunning Time Usually 30-60-90 Minutes Often Shot on Video or HDOften Shot on Video or HD

Types of ProgramsTypes of ProgramsTalk Shows and Game ShowsTalk Shows and Game Shows

Several Usually Shot in One DaySeveral Usually Shot in One Day Usually Shot with Three CamerasUsually Shot with Three Cameras Usually Shot in a Studio with an AudienceUsually Shot in a Studio with an Audience Usually Feature a Well-Known HostUsually Feature a Well-Known Host Usually Shot in Hollywood or New YorkUsually Shot in Hollywood or New York Usually Edited by the Network or ProducerUsually Edited by the Network or Producer Running Time Usually 30 or 60 MinutesRunning Time Usually 30 or 60 Minutes Usually Shot on HD, Beta-SP or Digi-BetaUsually Shot on HD, Beta-SP or Digi-Beta

Types of ProgramsTypes of ProgramsMusic VideosMusic Videos

Usually Shot in a Few DaysUsually Shot in a Few Days Often Shot with up to Three CamerasOften Shot with up to Three Cameras Equipment Usually from a Rental HouseEquipment Usually from a Rental House Always Shot with a Playback TrackAlways Shot with a Playback Track Usually Employ Some Local CrewUsually Employ Some Local Crew Usually Edited Over a Few WeeksUsually Edited Over a Few Weeks Often Shot Secretly to Avoid CrowdsOften Shot Secretly to Avoid Crowds Usually Shot on Film or HDUsually Shot on Film or HD

Types of ProgramsTypes of ProgramsLocal CommercialsLocal Commercials

Usually Shot and Edited in 1 DayUsually Shot and Edited in 1 Day Usually Shot with One CameraUsually Shot with One Camera Equipment Usually Locally OwnedEquipment Usually Locally Owned Often Shot by a Local Production HouseOften Shot by a Local Production House Often Employ Some Local CrewOften Employ Some Local Crew Often Written and Produced by an AgencyOften Written and Produced by an Agency Length Usually :30 sec (Rarely :15 or :60)Length Usually :30 sec (Rarely :15 or :60) Usually Shot on Beta-SP or HDVUsually Shot on Beta-SP or HDV

Types of ProgramsTypes of ProgramsNational CommercialsNational Commercials

Usually Shot in 1-3 DaysUsually Shot in 1-3 Days Usually Shot with One CameraUsually Shot with One Camera Equipment Usually Rented for ProjectEquipment Usually Rented for Project Sometimes Shot by a Local Production HouseSometimes Shot by a Local Production House Often Employ Some Local CrewOften Employ Some Local Crew Always Written and Produced by an AgencyAlways Written and Produced by an Agency Length Usually :30 sec (Rarely :15 or :60)Length Usually :30 sec (Rarely :15 or :60) Usually Shot on HD or 35mm FilmUsually Shot on HD or 35mm Film

Types of ProgramsTypes of Programs InfomercialsInfomercials

Usually Shot in 1-3 DaysUsually Shot in 1-3 Days Usually Shot with 3 CamerasUsually Shot with 3 Cameras Equipment Usually Rented for ProjectEquipment Usually Rented for Project Sometimes Shot by a Local Production Sometimes Shot by a Local Production

HouseHouse Often Employ Some Local CrewOften Employ Some Local Crew Always Written and Produced by an AgencyAlways Written and Produced by an Agency Length is 30 or 60 Minutes Including AdsLength is 30 or 60 Minutes Including Ads Usually Shot on HD or Beta-SPUsually Shot on HD or Beta-SP

Types of ProgramsTypes of ProgramsCorporate Video – LocalCorporate Video – Local

Usually Shot in 1-7 DaysUsually Shot in 1-7 Days Usually Shot with One CameraUsually Shot with One Camera Equipment Usually Owned by Production Co.Equipment Usually Owned by Production Co. Usually Edited at Same Production CompanyUsually Edited at Same Production Company Always Employ Some Local CrewAlways Employ Some Local Crew Usually Written and Produced by Local Co.Usually Written and Produced by Local Co. Length Usually 5 to 15 MinutesLength Usually 5 to 15 Minutes Usually Shot on HD, HDV or Beta-SPUsually Shot on HD, HDV or Beta-SP

Types of ProgramsTypes of ProgramsCorporate Video – NationalCorporate Video – National

Usually Shot in 1-5 DaysUsually Shot in 1-5 Days Often Shot with Multiple CamerasOften Shot with Multiple Cameras Equipment Usually Rented and ProvidedEquipment Usually Rented and Provided Usually Edited Out of TownUsually Edited Out of Town Usually Employ Some Local CrewUsually Employ Some Local Crew Often Written and Produced by National Co.Often Written and Produced by National Co. Length Usually 5 to 15 MinutesLength Usually 5 to 15 Minutes Usually Shot on HD, Beta-SP or FilmUsually Shot on HD, Beta-SP or Film

Types of ProgramsTypes of ProgramsNarrative Film - ShortNarrative Film - Short

Usually Shot in 1-5 DaysUsually Shot in 1-5 Days Often Shot with Multiple CamerasOften Shot with Multiple Cameras Equipment Usually Rented LocallyEquipment Usually Rented Locally Usually Edited by Local CompanyUsually Edited by Local Company Usually Employ Some Local CrewUsually Employ Some Local Crew Often Produced and Directed by Often Produced and Directed by

ScreenwriterScreenwriter Length Usually 5 to 15 MinutesLength Usually 5 to 15 Minutes Usually Shot on HDV, DV or 16mm FilmUsually Shot on HDV, DV or 16mm Film

Types of ProgramsTypes of ProgramsNarrative Film - FeatureNarrative Film - Feature

Usually Shot in 18-48 DaysUsually Shot in 18-48 Days Usually Shot with Single CameraUsually Shot with Single Camera Equipment Usually Rented Out-of-TownEquipment Usually Rented Out-of-Town Usually Edited in HollywoodUsually Edited in Hollywood Always Employ Some Local CrewAlways Employ Some Local Crew Often Employ Some Local TalentOften Employ Some Local Talent Length Usually 90 to 120 MinutesLength Usually 90 to 120 Minutes Usually Shot on HD or 35mm FilmUsually Shot on HD or 35mm Film

Types of ProgramsTypes of ProgramsNarrative Film - TV SeriesNarrative Film - TV Series

Pilot Shot in 12-20 DaysPilot Shot in 12-20 Days Series Shot in 45-120 DaysSeries Shot in 45-120 Days Often Shot with Multiple CamerasOften Shot with Multiple Cameras Equipment and Editing from Out-of-TownEquipment and Editing from Out-of-Town Always Employ Some Local CrewAlways Employ Some Local Crew Often Employ Some Local TalentOften Employ Some Local Talent Length Usually 60 or 120 MinutesLength Usually 60 or 120 Minutes Usually Shot on HD or 16mm FilmUsually Shot on HD or 16mm Film

Types of ProgramsTypes of ProgramsReality Television ProgramReality Television Program

Usually Shot Over Several WeeksUsually Shot Over Several Weeks Usually Shot with Multiple CamerasUsually Shot with Multiple Cameras Equipment Usually Rented Out-of-TownEquipment Usually Rented Out-of-Town Usually Edited in HollywoodUsually Edited in Hollywood Usually Employ Some Local CrewUsually Employ Some Local Crew Usually Employ Some Local TalentUsually Employ Some Local Talent Length Usually 30 or 60 Minutes per ShowLength Usually 30 or 60 Minutes per Show Usually Shot on HD, Beta-SP or Digi-BetaUsually Shot on HD, Beta-SP or Digi-Beta

Program DevelopmentProgram DevelopmentThe First Steps in Program The First Steps in Program

Development are to determine your:Development are to determine your: Subject MatterSubject Matter ObjectivesObjectives Target AudienceTarget Audience Delivery SystemDelivery System Program LengthProgram Length BudgetBudget

Program DevelopmentProgram DevelopmentThe first step in pre-production is to The first step in pre-production is to

identify the identify the Subject MatterSubject MatterThe easiest way to do that is to give The easiest way to do that is to give

the project a Working Title that states the project a Working Title that states the topic in a few words. For example:the topic in a few words. For example: Warehouse Operations at Sysco FoodsWarehouse Operations at Sysco Foods Zangara Dodge :30 Second TV SpotZangara Dodge :30 Second TV Spot Man vs. CartoonMan vs. Cartoon How to Make Rice Krispy TreatsHow to Make Rice Krispy Treats

Program DevelopmentProgram DevelopmentThe next step is to deter-The next step is to deter- mine yourmine your or your client’sor your client’s ObjectivesObjectives..What do you want your outcome to be?What do you want your outcome to be?

If it is a training video, maybe you want the If it is a training video, maybe you want the viewer to be able to take and pass a test.viewer to be able to take and pass a test.

If it is a marketing video, you might want If it is a marketing video, you might want the viewer to purchase a product or invest the viewer to purchase a product or invest moneymoney

If it is a television program, you might want If it is a television program, you might want to attract the largest number of teens during to attract the largest number of teens during a particular time slota particular time slot

Program DevelopmentProgram DevelopmentDemographicsDemographics are selected population are selected population

characteristics used in government, characteristics used in government, marketing or opinion research, or the marketing or opinion research, or the profiles used in such research profiles used in such research

Commonly-used Commonly-used DemographicsDemographics include include race, age, income, disabilities, mobility, race, age, income, disabilities, mobility, educational attainment, home educational attainment, home ownership, employment status, and ownership, employment status, and location.location.

Wikipedia

Program DevelopmentProgram DevelopmentThe next step is to deter-The next step is to deter- mine themine the Target Audience Target Audience.. This is the demographic groupThis is the demographic group most likely to watch your specific programmost likely to watch your specific program In any type of programming, it is essential In any type of programming, it is essential

to know your to know your Target AudienceTarget AudienceOnce you know your Once you know your Target AudienceTarget Audience

the writing style and choice of talent can the writing style and choice of talent can be adjusted to appeal to that be adjusted to appeal to that demographic demographic

Program DevelopmentProgram DevelopmentRatings ServicesRatings Services

Arbitron (Radio) and Neilsen (TV) chart the Arbitron (Radio) and Neilsen (TV) chart the listening and viewing habits of demographic listening and viewing habits of demographic groups – These stats are called Ratingsgroups – These stats are called Ratings

Marketers use the Ratings to target their Marketers use the Ratings to target their ideal customer base (demographic)ideal customer base (demographic)

Ratings are the tools media outlets use to Ratings are the tools media outlets use to justify their advertising ratesjustify their advertising rates

Ratings are the way media creators can be Ratings are the way media creators can be assured that their programs will be renewed assured that their programs will be renewed

Program DevelopmentProgram Development

capture a higher share of the Ratings. The capture a higher share of the Ratings. The Ratings can help you choose an ideal Time Ratings can help you choose an ideal Time Slot for your program or ad based on Slot for your program or ad based on demographics.demographics.

The period during The period during which Ratings are which Ratings are conducted is called conducted is called SweepsSweeps Week.Week.

During Sweeps, During Sweeps, Broadcasters Broadcasters program especially program especially interesting interesting programs hoping toprograms hoping to

Program DevelopmentProgram DevelopmentThe The Delivery SystemDelivery System is is

the next element the next element Is the Is the Delivery SystemDelivery System::

Broadcast TelevisionBroadcast Television Cable or SatelliteCable or Satellite Theatrical DistributionTheatrical Distribution Festivals or Limited ScreeningFestivals or Limited Screening Online StreamingOnline Streaming Radio BroadcastRadio Broadcast Tape or DVD Sales and RentalsTape or DVD Sales and Rentals

Program DevelopmentProgram DevelopmentProgramProgram Length Length

If the program is If the program is to be aired, the to be aired, the time slot time slot determines the determines the Program LengthProgram Length..

The Subject Matter The Subject Matter can determine the can determine the program’s length.program’s length. For example, in trainingFor example, in training

videos, the viewer can concentrate for videos, the viewer can concentrate for about 30about 30 minutes before it is time for a breakminutes before it is time for a break

Program DevelopmentProgram DevelopmentProgramProgram Budget Budget

The The BudgetBudget is often the key factor in is often the key factor in determining the length of the programdetermining the length of the program

The client often asks for a presentation The client often asks for a presentation to be a certain length only to find his to be a certain length only to find his budget can’t support that length.budget can’t support that length.

The old “Rule of Thumb” was that a The old “Rule of Thumb” was that a production would cost $1500. to $2000. production would cost $1500. to $2000. per finished minute. This varies greatly per finished minute. This varies greatly depending on a number of variablesdepending on a number of variables