€¦ · xls file · web view · 2013-06-10situated at approximately equal distance from nalco...

Title: :Source: :Entry No. : :File Type: :Published in: :Weblink: :Disclaimer: :

Table Nos.

Table 1:

Table 2:

Table 3:

Table 4) a)

Table 4) b)

Table 5:

Table 6

Table 7:

Table 8:

Table 9:

Table 10:

Table 11:

Table 12:

Table 13:

Table 14:

Table 15:

Table 16:

Table 17:

Table 18:

Table 19:

Table 20:

Table 21:

Table 22:

Table 23:

Table 24:

Table 25:

Table 26:

Table 27:

Table 28:

Table 29:

Table 30:

Table 31:

Table 32:

Table No.

Table 1:

Table2:

Table 3:

Table 4:

Table 5:

Table 6:

Table 7 :

Table 33:

Table 34:

Table 35:

Table 36:

Table 37:

Table 38:

Table 39:

Table 40:

Table 41:

Table 42:

Table 43:

Table 8 :

Table No.

Table 1:

Table2:

Table 3:

Table 4:

Table 5 a):

Table 5 b):

Table 5 c):

Table 5 d):

Table 6 a):

Table 6 b) :

Table 6 c):

Table 7) a):

Table 7) b):

Table 7) c):

Table 8) a) :

Table 8) b) :

Table 8) c) :

Table 9) a) :

Table 9) b) :

Table 9) c) :

Table 10:

Table 11:

Table 12 :

Table 13:

Table 14:

Table 14:

Table 15:

Table 16:

Table 17:

Table 18:

Table 19:

Table 20:

Table 21:

Table 22:

Table 23:

Table 24:

Table 10 Contd. :

Table 25:

Table 26:

Table 27:

Table 28:

Table 29:

Table 30:

Table 31) a):

Table 31) b):

Table 32) a):

Table 32) b):

Table 33:

Table 34:

Table 35:

Table 36:

Table 37:

Figure Nos.

Figure 1:

Figure 2:

Figure 3:

Figure 4:

Figure 5:

Figure 6:

FIGURE 7:

FIGURE 8:

FIGURE 9:

FIGURE 10:

FIGURE 11:

FIGURE 12:

FIGURE 13:

FIGURE 14:

FIGURE 15:

FIGURE 16:

FIGURE 17:

FIGURE 18:

FIGURE 19:

FIGURE 20:

FIGURE 21:

FIGURE 22:

FIGURE 23:

FIGURE 24:

FIGURE 25:

FIGURE 26:

FIGURE 27:

FIGURE 28:

FIGURE 29:

FIGURE 30:

FIGURE 31:

FIGURE 32:

FIGURE 33:

FIGURE 34:

FIGURE 35:

FIGURE 36:

FIGURE 37:

FIGURE 38:

Status of Groundwater Quality in India - Part ICentral Pollution Control Board (Ministry of Environment and Forests)127, 128

pdf February 2007

List of Tables and Figures in the Document

Normalised

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

http://cpcb.nic.in/upload/NewItems/NewItem_47_foreword.pdf

http://www.indiawaterportal.org/disclaimer

Title of the Table

Land-use activities & their potential threat to groundwater quality

Groundwater monitoring in Metropolitan cities

Analytical methods and equipment used in the study

Groundwater survey details in Problem Areas

Analysis of Groundwater parameters in problem areas

Indian Standards& WHO Guideline for Drinking Water

Profile Of Metropolitan Cities Of India

Description of groundwater sampling locations in Metropolitan City – Agra

Description of groundwater sampling locations in Metropolitan City – Meerut

Description of groundwater sampling locations in Metropolitan CityLucknow

Description of groundwater sampling locations in Metropolitan City- Ludhiana

Description of groundwater sampling locations in Metropolitan CityCoimbatore

Description of groundwater sampling locations in Metropolitan City- Chennai

http://cpcb.nic.in/upload/NewItems/NewItem_47_foreword.pdf

http://www.indiawaterportal.org/disclaimer

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Description of groundwater sampling locations in Metropolitan City- Madurai

Description of groundwater sampling locations in Metropolitan City – Vijaywada

Summery of Groundwater Quality problems in Metropolitan cities

Problem areas identified by CPCB

Units under observation in the problem area - Durgapur

CPCB groundwater locations in Durgapur

Population statistics for district Howrah

Details of Groundwater Survey locations

CPCB's Groundwater Survey locations

Mines operating in Angul-Talcher area

Ground water Survey locations in Angul-Talcher Area

Ground water sampling areas

Major industries in Singrauli Area

Groundwater Survey Locations

Survey of Groundwater stations at Vishakapatnam

Groundwater monitoring stations at Patancheru and Bollaram

Groundwater survey locations

List of large and medium industries in Cochin

Groundwater Quality Survey Locations

Groundwater survey Locations in North Arcot (Vellore)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Groundwater Quality Survey in Ankaleshwar

Groundwater Quality Survey in Vapi (Gujarat)

Groundwater Quality Survey in Chembur, Mumbai (Maharashtra)

Groundwater Quality Survey in Tarapur (Maharashtra)

Name and nature of groundwater quality monitoring stations

Major industrial activities in the problem areas

Ground Water Quality in problem Areas (1994)

Ground Water Quality in problem Areas (2002-2004)

Incidents Occurred due to Geogenic sources and Districts/Villages affected by Arsenic Contamination

Number of districts affected by groundwater pollution due to contamination of Fluorides in various states of India

statewise details of contamination of ground water in some areas of the districts due to various contaminants

Annexure I

Groundwater quality Observation and % sample violation with respect to drinking water standards in Agra Metropolitan city

Groundwater quality Observation and % sample violation with respect to drinking water standards in Meerut Metropolitan City

Groundwater quality Observation and % Sample Compliance/violation with respect to drinking water standards in Lucknow Metropolitan city

Groundwater quality Observation and % Sample Compliance/violation with respect to drinking water standards in Ludhiana Metropolitan city

Groundwater quality Observation and % sample violation against drinking water standards in Coimbatore Metropolitan city

Groundwater quality Observation and % sample violation with respect to drinking water standards in Chennai Metropolitan city

Groundwater quality Observation and % sample compliance/ violation with respect to drinking water standards in Madurai Metropolitan city

*

*

*

*

*

Analysis report of groundwater - Vishakapatnam (3 rounds*

Analysis report of groundwater - Vishakapatnam (3 rounds)*

Analysis report of groundwater - Vishakapatnam (3 rounds)*

Analysis report of groundwater - Vishaka patnam (3 rounds) *

*

*

*

Analysis report - Pattancheru & Bollaram , September, 2001 *

Analysis report - Pattancheru & Bollaram February, 2002 *

*

*

*

*

Groundwater quality Observation and % sample violation with respect to drinking water standards in Vijaiwada Metropolitan city

Annexure II

Characteristics and Observations/comments on Groundwater Quality in Durgapur Problem Areas

Characteristics and Observations/comments on Groundwater Quality in Haora Problem Areas

Characteristics and Observations/comments of Groundwater Quality in Dhanbad Problem Area

Characteristics and Observations/comments of Groundwater Quality in Angul-Talcher Problem Areas

STATEMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY AT VISAKHAPATNAM SEPTEMBER 2001

STATEMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY AT VISAKHAPATNAM FEBRUARY, 2002

STATEMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY AT VISAKHAPATNAM OCTOBER, 2002

Analysis report of Pattancheru and Bollaram during the month of September, 2001 and February, 2002 (two months min, and & average)

ANALYSIS REPORT OF GROUNDWATER - BHADRAVATHI : SEPTEMBER, 2001, JANUARY, 2002 & MAY, 2002



*

ANALYSIS REPORT OF GROUNDWATER - BHADRAVATHI - JANUARY, 2002*

*

*

*

Groundwater quality results of Kochi for the month of May 2002*

*

*

GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF MANALI AREA*

GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF MANALI AREA (Contd/-…)*



*

*

*

*

*

HEVAY METAL ANALYSIS RESULTS FOR MANALI - MAY, 2002*

GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF VELLORE AREA*

*

ANALYSIS REPORT OF GROUNDWATER - BHADRAVATHI - SEPTEMBER, 200

GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS - BHADRAVATHI, KARNATAKA - MAY, 2002

GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF GREATER COCHIN (Kochi or Cochin)

GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF GREATER COCHIN (Kochi or Cochin) (Contd/-)

GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF KOCHI FOR THE MONTH OF MAY 2002 (HEAVY METALS AND PESTICIDE)

GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF KOCHI FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER 2001 HEAVY (METALS AND PESTICIDE)

GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF MANALI AREA FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER, 2001

GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF MANALI AREA FOR THE MONTH OF JANUARY 2002

: GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF MANALI AREA FOR THE MONTH OF JANUARY 2002

GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF MANALI AREA FOR THE MONTH OF JANUARY 2002

GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF MANALI AREA FOR THE MONTH OF MAY 2002

GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF VELLORE AREA FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER 2001

*

*

*

*

*

HEVAY METAL ANALYSIS RESULTS FOR VELLORE DISTRICT - MAY 2002 *

*

Heavy Metals in the Groundwater of Ankaleshwar (Gujarat)*

*

Heavy Metals in the Ground Water of Vapi (Gujarat) *

Heavy Metals in the Groundwater of Chembur*

*

Heavy Metals in the Groundwater of Tarapur*

*

*

ANNEXURE III

Acknowledgements for Metropolitan cities work*

Acknowledgements for Problem Area work*

GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF VELLORE AREA FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER 2001

GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF NORTH ARCOT (VELLORE) AREA FOR THE MONTH OF JANUARY 2002

GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF VELLORE AREA FOR THE MONTH OF JANUARY 2002

GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF VELLORE AREA FOR THE MONTH OF JANUARY 2002

GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF VELLORE AREA FOR THE MONTH OF May 2002

Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Groundwater in the Problem area of Ankaleshwar (Gujarat)

Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Groundwater of Vapi (Gujarat)

Physico-Chemical characteristics of groundwater in the problem area of Tarapur (Maharashtra)

Groundwater physico-chemical parameters in Digboi as on May 2002, January 2002 and September 2001

Summary Statement for Heavy Metals in Digboi as on May 2002, January 2002 and September 2001

Title of the Figure

GROWTH OF URBAN POPULATION IN 1901-2001

MAP OF AGRA METROPOLITAN CITY

TDS AND NITRATE DISTRIBUTION (PRE MONSOON) IN GROUNDWATER OF AGRA METROPOLITAN CITY

NITRATE AND TDS DISTRIBUTION (POST MONSOON) IN GROUNDWATER OF AGRA METROPOLITAN CITY

MAP OF MEERUT METROPOLITAN CITY

TDS distribution in Meerut Metropolitan City

Nitrate distribution in Meerut Metropolitan City

Map of Lucknow metropolitan city

Map of Ludhiana Metropolitan city

Map of Coimbatore metropolitan city

Nitrate distribution in Coimbatore Metropolitan City

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) distribution in CoimbatoreMetropolitan City

MAP OF CHENNAI METROPOLITAN CITY

TDS distribution (pre and post monsoon) in Metropolitan city ofChennai

Nitrate distribution (pre and post monsoon) in Metropolitan city ofChennai

Map of Madurai Metropolitan city

TDS DISTRIBUTION (PRE AND POST MONSOON) IN METROPOLITAN CITY OF MADURAI

Nitrate distribution (pre and post monsoon) in Metropolitan city ofMadurai

Map of Vijaiwada Metropolitan city

TDS distribution (pre and post monsoon) in Metropolitan city ofVijaiwada

Nitrate distribution (pre and post monsoon) in Metropolitan city ofVijaiwada

Groundwater Quality – Chloride on log scale (Min.-Max. & Average) in Eight Metropolitan cities

Groundwater Quality – TDS on log scale (Min.-Max. & Average)in Eight Metropolitan cities

Groundwater Quality – Nitrate on log scale (Min.-Max. & Average) in Eight Metropolitan cities

Groundwater Quality – Fluoride on log scale (Min.-Max. & Average) in Eight Metropolitian Cities

Groundwater Quality – Total Coliform on log scale (Min.-Max. & Average) in Eight Metropolitan cities

Groundwater Quality – Faecal Coliform on log scale (Min.-Max.& Average) in Eight Metropolitan cities

Groundwater Quality – Percent Compliance/Violation of Chloride against drinking Water Standards (DWS-IS:10500) in Eight Metropolitan cities

Groundwater Quality – Percent Compliance/ Violation of TDS against drinking Water Standards (DWS-IS:10500) in Eight Metropolitan cities

Groundwater Quality – Percent Compliance/Violation of Nitrate against Drinking Water Standards (DWS-IS:10500) in Eight Metropolitan cities

Groundwater Quality – Percent Compliance/Violation of Fluoride against Drinking Water Standards (DWS-IS:10500) in Eight Metropolitan cities

Groundwater Quality – Percent Compliance/Violation of Total Coliform against Drinking Water Standards (DWS-IS:10500) in Eight Metropolitan cities

Groundwater Quality – Percent Compliance/Violation of Faecal Coliform against Drinking Water Standards (DWS-IS:10500) in Eight Metropolitan cities

Groundwater Quality – Percent Compliance/Violation of Iron against Drinking Water Standards (DWS-IS:10500) in Eight Metropolitan cities

Groundwater Quality – Percent Compliance/Violation of Copper against Drinking Water Standards (DWS-IS:10500) in Eight Metropolitan cities

Groundwater Quality – Percent Compliance/Violation of Chromium against Drinking Water Standards (DWS-IS:10500) in Eight Metropolitan cities

Groundwater Quality – Percent Compliance/Violation of Manganese against Drinking Water Standards (DWS-IS:10500) in Eight Metropolitan cities

Groundwater Quality – Percent Compliance/Violation of Zinc against Drinking Water Standards (DWS-IS:10500) in Eight Metropolitan cities

Not Normalised

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Table 1: Land Use activities and their potential threat to groundwater quality

Land Use

Residential

Industrial &Commercial

Mining

Rural

Coastal areas

Table 1: Land Use activities and their potential threat to groundwater quality

Activities potential to groundwater pollution

• Un-sewered sanitation• Land & stream discharge of sewage• Sewage oxidation ponds• Sewer leakage, solid waste disposal, landfill leachate• Road & urban run-off, aerial fall out

• Process water, effluent lagoon etc.• Land & stream discharge of effluents• Tank & pipeline leakage & accidental spills.• Well disposal of effluent• Aerial fall out• Landfill disposal & solid wastes & Hazardous wastes• Poor housekeeping• Spillage & leakages during handling of material

• Mine drainage discharge• Process water, sludge lagoons• Solid mine tailings• Oilfield spillage at group gathering stations

• Cultivation with agrochemicals• Irrigation with wastewater• Soil Stalinizations• Livestock rearing

• Salt water intrusion

Table 2: Groundwater monitoring in Metropolitian Cities

1 25

2 4 21

3 24

4 16

5 29

6 9 15 1

7 7 18

8 1 24

18 42 109 34 1

204

Note: On 204 sampling locations , two times samples were taken during the period i.e pre-monsoon and post monsoon\

S. No. Name ofMetro cities

State DW/ OW TW HP BW Others

Agra Uttar Pradesh - - - -

Meerut Uttar Pradesh - - -

Chennai Tamilnadu 01(OpenWell)

- - -

Coimbatore Tamilnadu 09(Open well)

- - -

Ludhiana Punjab - - - -

Lucknow Uttar Pradesh - -

Madurai Tamilnadu - - -

Vijaiwada AndhraPradesh

- - -

Sub total

Grand total

25

25

25

25

29

25

25

25

204

Note: On 204 sampling locations , two times samples were taken during the period i.e pre-monsoon and post monsoon\

Total

-

Table 3: Analytical Methods and Equipment used in the study

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17

18 19

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41

Sl. No.

Parameter Method

A. Physico-chemicalpH ElectrometricConductivity ElectrometricTDS ElectrometricAlkalinity Titration by H2SO4Hardness Titration by EDTAChloride Titration by AgNO3Sulphate TurbidimetricNitrate Ultraviolet screeningPhosphate Molybdophosphoric acidFluoride SPADNSSodium Flame emissionPotassium Flame emissionCalcium Titration by EDTAMagnesium Titration by EDTABoron CarmineBOD 5 days incubation at 20oC

followed by titrationCOD Digestion followed by titration

B BacteriologicalTotal coliform Multiple tube fermentation

techniqueFaecal coliformC. Heavy Metals

Iron Digestion followed by AtomicspectrometryManganese

CopperNickelChromiumLeadCadmiumZinc

D. Pesticides and Polynuclear Aromatic HydrocarbonsAldrin Gas chromatographyDDTDDEDDDΑ-BHCΒ-BHCγ-BHCδ-BHCMethoxychlorEndosulphanThionazinSulfoteppPhorateDimethoate

42 43 44 45 46 47 48

DisulfotonMethyl ParathionEthyl parathionFamphurChlorpyriphosEthionPAHs

Table 3: Analytical Methods and Equipment used in the study

Instruments/Equipment

pH MeterConductivity MeterConductivity/TDS Meter---Turbidity MeterUV-VIS SpectrophotometerUV-VIS SpectrophotometerUV-VIS SpectrophotometerFlame PhotometerFlame Photometer--UV-VIS SpectrophotometerBOD Incubator

COD Digestor

Bacteriological Incubator

Atomic Absorption Spectrometer

Gas Chromatograph with ECD, NPD and FID

Table 4) a): Groundwater survey details in Problem Areas

1 3 2 2 1 4 3 6 4 11 12 5 1 4 1 6 7 7 7 8 3 9 7 10 2 1 3 11 10 3 1 12 3 13 1 1 14 2 4 15 1 2 4 16 2 3

Sl. No. Problem area State DW TW HP BW Others

Durgapur W.Bengal - - -Howrah W.Bengal - - -Dhanbad Jharkhand - - - -Angul Talcher OrissaSingrauli Uttar Pradesh - -Vishakapatnam Andhra Pradesh - - - -Bolaram-Patancheru Andhra Pradesh - - - -Bhadravathi Karnataka - - - -Greater Cochin Kerala - - - -Manali Tamilnadu - -North Arcot Tamilnadu - -Ankleshwar Gujarat - - - -Vapi Gujarat - - -Chembur Maharashtra - - -Tarapur Maharashtra - -Digboi Assam - - -

5 5 6 23 6 7 7 3 7 6 14 3 2 6 7 5

Total

Table 4) b): Analysis of Groundwater parameters in problem areas

Heavy metals (ug/l) Pesticides (ng/l) Bacteriological parameters(MPN/100 ml)

Mercury Aldrin F. Coliform

Nickel Dieldrin T. Coliform

Zinc Lindane

Cadmium DDT

Copper

Chromium

Iron

Manganese

Lead

Arsenic

Table 4) b): Analysis of Groundwater parameters in problem areas

Physico-chemical (mg/l except pH)

pH

Conductivity

Total hardness

Fluoride

Chloride

Sodium

Nitrate

Phosphate

Magnesium

Calcium

Total Dissolved Solids

Cyanide

Sulphate

Alkalinity

Table 5: Indian Standards & WHO Guideline for Drinking Water

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

S. No.Parameter

BIS, Indian Standards(IS 10500:1991)

World HealthOrganization

Desirable Limit PermissibleLimit

Maximum allowable concentration

Colour 5 HazenUnits

25 HazenUnits

15 True ColourUnits

Turbidity 5.0 NTU 10 NTU 5.0 NTU

PH 6.5-8.5 No relaxation 6.5-8.5

Total Hardness (as CaCO3)

300 mg/L 600 mg/L 500 mg/L

Chlorides(as Cl)

250 mg/L 1000 mg/L 250 mg/L

Residual Free Chlorine (When Protection

0.2 mg/L - -

DissolvedSolids

500 mg/L 2000 mg/L 1000 mg/L

Calcium(as Ca)

75 mg/L 200 mg/L -

Sulphate(as SO42-)

200 mg/L 400 mg/L 400 mg/L

Nitrate(as NO3-)

45 mg/L 100 mg/L 10 mg/L

Fluoride (as F-)

1.0 mg/L 1.5 mg/L 1.5 mg/L

Phenolic Compounds (as C6H5OH)

0.001mg/L 0.002 mg/L -

Anionic Detergent (as MBAS)

0.2 mg/L 1.0 mg/L -

Mineral Oil 0. 01 mg/L 0.03 mg/L -

Alkalinity 200 mg/L 600 mg/L -

Boron 1.0 mg/L 5.0 mg/L -

Micro Pollutants (Heavy Metals & Pesticides)

Zinc (as Zn) 5.0 mg/L 15 mg/L 5.0 mg/L

Iron (as Fe) 0.3 mg/L 1.0 mg/L 0.3 mg/L

Manganese(as Mn)

0.1 mg/L 0.3 mg/L 0.1 mg/L

Copper (asCu)

0.05 mg/L 1.5 mg/L 1.0 mg/L

Table 5: Indian Standards & WHO Guideline for Drinking Water

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

S. No.Parameter


World HealthOrganization

Desirable Limit

Permissible


Arsenic (as

0.05 mg/L No relaxation 0.05 mg/L

Cyanide 0.05 mg/L No relaxation

0.1 mg/L

Lead (as Pb)

0.05 mg/L No relaxation

0.05 mg/L

Chromium(as Cr6+)


0.05 mg/L

Aluminium

0.03 mg/L 0.2 mg/L 0.2 mg/L

Cadmium(as Cd)


0.005 mg/L

Selenium(as Se)


0.01 mg/L

Mercury(as Hg)


0.001 mg/L

Total Absent 0.001 mg/L -

S. No.Parameter


World HealthOrganization,

Desirable Limit

PermissibleLimit


Sodium - - 200 mg/L

Aldrin&dieldrin

- - 0.03 µg/L

DDT - - 1.0 µg/L

Lindane - - 3.0 µg/L

Methoxychlor - - 30.0 µg/L

Benzene - - 10.0 µg/L

Hexachlorobenze ne

- - 0.01 µg/L

Pentachlorophen ol

- - 10.0 µg/L

Table 6: Profile of Metropolitan Cities of India

437.71 187 862.18 170 125.9 172.68 190.94 198.00 111.16

200.4 310.1 217.17 99.45 130.17 108.26 284.9 314.84 134.67 39.58 78.33

83.6 115.48

Area: 1991 and population figures 2001 census. The cities marked as starred taken for the study in this report

CITIES AREA (sq.km)Greater MumbaiKolkataDelhiChennai*BangaloreHyderabadAhemadabadPuneSuratKanpur NAJaipurLucknow*NagpurPatnaIndoreVadodaraBhopalCoimbatore*Ludhiana*KochiVishakhapatnamAgra* NAVaranasiMadurai*Meerut* NANashik NAJabalpur NAJamshedpur NAAsansol NADhanbad NAFaridabad NAAllahabad NAAmritsar NAVijayawada* NARajkot NA

16,368,084 13,216,546 12,791,458 6,424,624 5,686,844 5,533,640 4,519,278 3,755,525 2,811,466 2,690,486 2,324,319 2,266,933 2,122,965 1,707,429 1,639,044 1,492,398 1,454,830 1,446,034 1,395,053 1,355,406 1,329,472 1,321,410 1,211,749 1,194,665 1,167,399 1,152,048 1,117,200 1,101,804 1,090,171 1,064,357 1,054,981 1,049,579 1,011,327 1,011,152 1,002,160

Area: 1991 and population figures 2001 census. The cities marked as starred taken for the study in this report

POPULATION IN THOUSAND

Table 7: Description of groundwater sampling locations in Metropolitan City - Agra

1 18

2 24

3 30

4 27

5 27

6 19

7 21

8 38

9 21

10 15

11 21

12 24

13 30

14 18

15 24

16 24

17 24

18 24

19 24

20 12

21 12

22 30

23 10

Sl. No.

Location Identification Source Depth, m Water Use

Sikandra Opp. Getwell Hospital HP Drinking

Khandari Police ChowkiCompound

HP Cloth washing

Lohamandi Saiyad Para Ground HP Drinking

Shahganj Rui ki mandi Chauraha HP Drinking

Sultanpura Jiva Ram Temple HP Drinking

Idgah Colony Opp. IOCL Depot HP Drinking

New AgraColony

Basic Primary School HP Drinking

Rajamandi Opp.Rama Swing Work HP Drinking

Nai ki mandi Meera Husaini Chauraha HP Drinking

Rakabganj Opp. Over Head Tank HP Drinking

Namner Durga Mandir Compound HP Drinking

Bundu Katra Opp. Over Head Tank HP Drinking

Dayalbagh DEC Gate HP Drinking

Gandhi Nagar Main Chowk HP Drinking

Maithan Near City Railway Station HP Drinking

Mantola Opp. Jama Masjid HP Drinking

Chilgarh Opp. Agra MachhuaSahkari Samiti

HP Drinking

Baluganj Near Agra MontessoriSchool

HP Drinking

Naulakha Near Girja BuildingMaterials

HP Drinking

Ratanpura Near BSP Office HP Drinking

Belanganj Main Chowk HP Drinking

Tajganj Nanda Bazar Chowk HP Drinking

IndustrialEstate

Trans Yamuna Colony HP Drinking

24 21

25 12

Note: HP-Hand Pump, BW - Bore Well; OW - Open Well, TW-Tube Well

Balkeshwar Opp. S. K. Mittal Agency HP Drinking

Itma-Ud-Daulla Opp. Itma-Ud-DaullaBuilding

HP Drinking

Table 7: Description of groundwater sampling locations in Metropolitan City - Agra

Land Use/ Specific Activity

Residential

Residential

Residential/ Slaughtering

Residential

Residential

Residential/ Petro. Storage

Residential

Residential

Residential

Residential

Residential

Residential

Residential

Residential

Residential

Residential


Residential

Residential

Residential

Residential


Industrial Area

Residential

Residential

Table 8: Description of groundwater sampling locations in Metropolitan City – Meerut

1 33 2 30

3 24

4 6

5 36 6 24 7 24 8 39 9 24 10 15

11 30

12 30

13 42 14 60

15 24 16 18 17 15 18 27 19 87 20 88 21 14 22 15 23 24

24 18

25 36

Note: HP-Hand pump, BW - Bore Well; OW - Open Well, TW-Tube Well

Sl. No.

Location Identification Source Depth, M

Water Use

Sadar Bazar Opp. Gulathi Opticals HP DrinkingKankar Khera Opp. Saru Engineering

Corp.HP Drinking

Central Distillery Opp. Lal Quarters HP Drinking

Gurudwara (CanttArea)

Opp. Central School HP Drinking

Prempuri (Devpuri) Opp. Vardhman Academy HP DrinkingKesar Ganj Opp. Kesar Ganj Mandi HP DrinkingThapar Nagar Opp. Devta Park HP DrinkingMufttiyan Back Side of Kotwali HP DrinkingBharampuri Near Shiv Temple HP DrinkingSports Complex Sports Complex HP Drinking

Partapur Ind. Area Opp. Sub Station HP Drinking

IBP Depot IBP Depot HP Drinking

Vrindavan Garden Roorkee Road TW DrinkingKoshal Kunj (CanttArea)

Pump House No. 17 TW Drinking

Lal Kurti Bada Bazar HP DrinkingVijay Nagar Near R. G. College HP DrinkingSaket Opp. Nandan Apartment HP DrinkingPrabhat Nagar 73 Prabhat Nagar HP DrinkingMeerut University University Campus TW DrinkingMedical College Medical College Campus TW DrinkingKalyan Nagar Shiv Temple HP DrinkingSuraj Kund Sports Market HP DrinkingIslamabad Market Area HP Drinking

Subhash Nagar Near Samart CementAgency

HP Drinking

Begum Bridge Opp. Dream Hotel HP Drinking

Table 8: Description of groundwater sampling locations in Metropolitan City – Meerut

Land Use/ Specific ActivityResidentialResidential

ResidentialArea/Distillery

Residential

ResidentialResidentialResidentialResidentialResidentialIndustrialArea

IndustrialArea

PetroleumStorage

ResidentialResidential

ResidentialResidentialResidentialResidentialResidentialResidentialResidentialResidentialResidential/ Slaughtering

Residential

Residential

Table 9: Description of groundwater sampling locations in Metropolitan City - Lucknow

Note: BW - Bore Well; OW - Open Well, TW- Tube Well, HP-Hand Pump

INDUSTRIAL AREA SANITARY LANDFILL

RESIDENTIAL AREA PETROL PUMPS

Chinhut (HandPump)

Motijheel(Hand Pump, Tube Well)

Indira Nagar (Tube Well, HandPump)

Gomti nagar(Hand pump)

Dalliganj (HandPump, Tube Well)

Ash bagh(Hand Pump)

Ashrafabagh (Hand Pump)

Talkatora (TubeWell,Hand Pump)

Sahadatganj (Indana Kuan)

Alambagh (Hand Pump, TubeWell)

Ameenabad (Hand Pump, TubeWell)Shahganj (Hand Pump)

Imambara (Hand Pump)D/S Gomti (Bhainsa kund) (HandPump)Gomti nagar (Tube Well, HandPump)

Charbagh (Tube Well)

Table 9: Description of groundwater sampling locations in Metropolitan City - Lucknow

SURFACE WATER

Gomti river(Intake Point of Water Supply & Hand Pumpalong the bank)

Table 10: Description of groundwater sampling locations in Metropolitan City-Ludhiana

Note: HP- Hand Pump, BW - Bore Well; OW - Open Well, TW- Tube Well

A Zone B Zone C ZoneA1:1.Darresi (T.W. No.4), In front of PoliceChowki No. 4.2.Fatehgarh, In front of Chand Cinema (T.W. No. A-11).

B1:1.Kidwai Nagar Park, Near Zone B1 Office.2.Guru Angad DevjiPark, CheemaChowk.3.R.K. Road, Near PSEB, Industrial Area A.4.Narinder Nagar, Shingar Cinema Road.

C1:1.Janata Nagar, NearDurga Factory.2.Kotmangal Singh, Near Gurpal Nagar, Gali No. 25.3.Langar Hall Daba, Near Gurdwara, New Amar Nagar.

A2:1.New Shivpuri(T.W. No. 1)2.Sardar Nagar, Near Corporation Dispensary (T.W. No. A-14).

B2:1.Sherpur Zone b2Office.2.Kailash Nagar, Near Cancer Hospital (Oswal).

C2:1.Char Acre Colony, Near Char Acre Scheme, DashmeshNagar.2.2.5 No. Police Post, Gill Road, Near Vishwakarma Mandir Chowk.3.Quality Centre, Industrial Area B, Near Nirankari Mohalla.

A3:1.Sabzi Mandi (T.W. No. 54).2.Punjabi Bagh, Near Salim Tapri(T.W. No. A-51).

B3:1.Dairy Complex, Tajpur Road.2. MIG Sector 32-A,, Urban Estate,Samrala Road

A4:1.Gagan Deep Colony, Near Galewal Road.2.Janta Colony (ParkNo. 5), Rahon Road.

Table 10: Description of groundwater sampling locations in Metropolitan City-Ludhiana

D ZoneD1:1.Shahi Mohalla, NearDamoria Bridge.2.Kitchlu Nagar.3.Humbra Road, MandeepNagar.

D2:1.Model Town (T.W. No.14).2.Model Town Market.

D3:1.Bhai Randhir Singh Nagar, G-Block North (T.W. No. 3).2.Gurdev Nagar, NearSarabha Nagar.

Table 11: Description of groundwater sampling locations in Metropolitan City Coimbatore

1 121

2 15

3 24

4 45

5 36

6 106

7 75

8 30

9 30

10 18

11 30

12 30

13 30

14 45

15 30

16 13

17 30

18 90

19 69

20 121

21 21

22 75

23 30

Sl. No.

Location Identification Source Depth, m Water Use

Ganapathy Near CRI Pump Road BW Domestic

Bharathi Nagar Rajarajeswari Temple OW Domestic

Krishnarayapuram Near Waste TransferSite

BW Domestic

Pewelamedu Ranga Nagar No.7 Residence BW Domestic

Villankurichi Kuppusamy Gounder Garden OW Domestic

Sitra (Kalappatti) Panchayat Office BW Domestic

Valluvar Murugan Temple BW Domestic

Singanallur Near LGB OW Domestic

Ondipudur 9/47B Gandhi NagarResidence

BW Domestic

Irugur BPCL side Sentha- Marai Garden OW Domestic

Irugur IOCL, HPCL opposite OW Domestic

Irugur Near IOCL, HPCL By-passRoad

OW Domestic

Kallimadai Trichy Road near Boat House OW Domestic

Puliyakulam Opp. LakshmiMedicals Residence

BW Domestic

Souripalayam Opp. ESI Hospital OW Domestic

Vellalur Asokar St. KaruppasamyGounder

OW Domestic

Kurichi Palaniappa Layout Public BW BW Domestic

Perur Panchayat Office BW Domestic

Selvapuram Kannan Nilayam Residence BW Domestic

Chokkam Pudur Near Mariamman Temple BW Domestic

Venkatapuram 241/1, SaralNursery Garden

BW Domestic

Velandipalayam No.18/19, SimsonNagar Extension

BW Domestic

Kavundampalayam Corporation ToiletSide MTP Road

BW Domestic

24 45

25 45

Note: BW - Bore Well; OW - Open Well; HP- Hand Pump

Gandhipuram Saibaba Colony Residence BW Domestic

Sidhapudur No.51, Ambika Layout BW Domestic

Table 11: Description of groundwater sampling locations in Metropolitan City Coimbatore

Land Use/ Specific Activity

Industrial

Residential

Commercial/ Solid waste Disposal

Industrial

Residential

Industrial

Residential

Industrial

Residential

Agricultural

Agricultural

Agricultural

Industrial

Residential

Residential

Residential

Industrial

Residential

Residential

Residential

Commercial

Industrial

Commercial

Commercial

Industrial

Table 12: Description of groundwater sampling locations in Metropolitan City-Chennai

1 12

2 15

3 36

4 30

5 33

6 36

7 36

8 12

9 24

10 45

11 42

12 30

13 48

14 30

15 10

16 15

17 36

18 42

19 45

Sl. No. Location Identification Source Depth, m

WaterUse

Besant Nagar Sri. Varasiddi VinayakaTemple

HP Drinking

Tiruvanniyur Marudeeswara Temple HP Drinking

Taramani New Iyangar Bakery HP Drinking

Velacheri Dandeswaran Temple HP Drinking

Guindy Industrial Estate Public Hand Pump HP Drinking

K K Nagar Vignesh Travels HP Drinking

Vadapalani Water Servicing Station HP Drinking

Koyambedu Kalyana Mandapam OW Drinking

Anna Nagar (West) 849, J Block HP Drinking

Villivakkam Public Hand Pump HP Drinking

Ayanavaram Opp. Sri Balaji Stores HP Drinking

Egmore Shishu – The Play School HP Drinking

Roypet Central Chennai Corp.Dispensary

HP Drinking

Triplicane Public Hand Pump HP Drinking

Santhome Santhome ChurchCompound

HP Drinking

Perambur Public Hand Pump HP Drinking

Sembiyam Public Hand Pump HP Drinking

Erankancheri Public Hand Pump HP Drinking

Stanley Nagar Public Hand Pump HP Drinking

20 24

21 36

22 42

23 33

24 45

25 45

Note: HP - Hand Pump; OW - Open Well

Kurukumpeta Opp. Indian OilCorporation

HP Drinking

Tondiar Pet Public Hand Pump HP Drinking

Toll Gate Public Hand Pump HP Drinking

Washerman Pet Public Hand Pump HP Drinking

Park Town Area Public Hand Pump HP Drinking

IIT Madras Campus Near Q.No. D1/42 HP Drinking

Table 12: Description of groundwater sampling locations in Metropolitan City-Chennai

Land Use/Specific Activity

Urban

Urban

Urban

Urban

IndustrialArea

Urban

Urban

Urban

Urban

IndustrialArea

Urban

Urban

Urban

Urban

Urban

Urban

Urban

Urban

PetroleumStorage

PetroleumStorage

Urban

Urban

Urban

Urban

Urban

Table 13: Description of groundwater sampling locations in Metropolitan City - Madurai

1 13

2 45

3 75

4 45

5 30

6 9

7 45

8 45

9 45

10 90

11 60

12 60

13 90

14 45

15 121

16 60

17 45

18 18

19 12

20 90

21 60

Sl. No. Location Identification Source Depth, M

Aveniyapuram Tuticorin By-pass Road

Mani Cement Works

OW

Andalpuram Below Railway Over

Bridge

BW

TVS Nagar C-31/57, Rajam Road

Residence

BW

Muthupatti RMS Colony BW

Pasumalai Residence Near Post

Office

OW

Madakulam Kabali Eswariamman

Temple

OW

Chokkalinga 7th St. near Police Station

BW

Virattipattu Balaganapathi Temple

BW

Pethaniapuram 1st Cross Street BW

West Ponnakaram Opp. Ganapathy Pillai

House, Main Road

BW

Anuppanadi Near TWAD Tank BW

East Madurai Chinthamani Road, Near

Agrochemicals Shop

BW

Balarangapuram Opp. Nageswariamman

Temple

BW

Alwarpuram River Side Public BW

BW

Sathamangalam Opp. Arvind Eye Hospital

BW

K.K. Nagar Opp. Kalaivani Tailors, LIC

Colony

BW

Pudur SIDCO, RamavarmaNagar 6th St.

BW

Jawaharlal Puram Residence Well OW

Kodikulam Surya Nagar LimeFactory

OW

Bibikulam Corporation Toilet BW

BW

ChinnaChokikulam

OCPM School opp. Police Quarters

BW

22 75

23 21

24 15

25 15

Note: BW - Bore Well; OW - Open Well, TW- Tube well; BW- Bore well

Sellur Tagore Nagar TankBund Side

BW

Vilangudi Residence No. 6/26, IOC Nagar

BW

Vilangudi KPS Garden OW

Vilangudi Panchayat Ofiice OW

Table 13: Description of groundwater sampling locations in Metropolitan City - Madurai

Water Use Land Use/ Specific Activity

Domestic Residential/ Landfill site

Domestic Residential/ Waste disposal

Domestic Residential





Domestic Industrial


Domestic Residential/ Petro.storage

Domestic Industrial

Domestic Industrial

Domestic Residential/Waste disposal




Domestic Industrial





Domestic Industrial

Domestic Residential/ Petroleum storage



Table 14: Description of groundwater sampling locations in Metropolitan City - Vijaywada

1 36

2 27

3 48

4 12

5 10

6 9

7 30

8 21

9 24

10 5

11 15

12 9

13 27

14 30

15 18

16 18

17 38

18 45

19 30

20 45

21 45

22 30

Sl. No. Location Identification Source Depth, m Water Use

Benz circle Opp. Nirmala Convent HP Drinking

Ashok Nagar Ind.Estate

Opp. Velagapudi ColdStorage

HP Drinking

Auto Nagar Opp. India Radiators HP Drinking

Goldsport Junction Sri. Lakshmi Rice Store HP Drinking

Gunadala Opp. ESI Hospital HP Drinking

Karmel Nagar Deepa Nivas HP Drinking

Khandrika Khandrika Bus Stop Centre

HP Drinking

Payakapuram Sri. Manasa Fast Foods HP Drinking

Ajit Singh Nagar Rajasri Bar and Restaurant

HP Drinking

Satyanarayana Puram

D.No. 23-16-27 OW Drinking

Krishna Lanka D.No. 41-1/6-2 HP Drinking

Governor Peta Hotal Paradise HP Drinking

Krishna Lanka Opp. Central Bus Stand HP Drinking

Hanuman Peta Near Govt. GeneralHospital

HP Drinking

Kotha Peta Near St. Ani Public School

HP Drinking

Bheemannavari Peta Sri. Ganganamma DeviTemple

HP Drinking

Vidhyadhara Puram Near RTC Workshop HP Drinking

Jogi Nagar Near Church HP Drinking

Urmila Subba RaoNagar

D.No. 76-17-161 HP Drinking

Bhavanipuram HIG-H1-70 HP Drinking

Hyderabad Highway NH-9 & HB ColonyJunction

HP Drinking

Vidhyadhara Puram Anita Apartments HP Drinking

23 7

24 30

25 16

Note: HP – Hand Pump; OW - Open Well; BW- Bore well; TW- Tube well

Ayodya NagarJunction

Opp. Raghavendra Theatre

HP Drinking

Rajarajeswari Peta Opp. Habeeb E. MediumSchool

HP Drinking

Governor Peta Near Surya Hotal HP Drinking

Table 14: Description of groundwater sampling locations in Metropolitan City - Vijaywada

Land Use/ SpecificActivityUrban

IndustrialAreaAutomobile Servicing AreaUrban

Urban

Agricultural

Urban

Urban

Urban

Urban

Urban

Urban

Urban

Urban

Urban

Urban

Urban

Urban

Urban

Urban

Urban

Urban

CementIndustry

Urban

Urban

Table 15: Summary of Groundwater Quality problems in Metropolitan Cities

1

2

3

Sl. No.

Name of theMetro city

Major Anthropogenic and IndustrialActivities

Agra, U.P. Un-collected domestic sewage (about 200mld) either on open land or flowing through drains to receiving system. The municipal solid waste generation is about654 T/D. The industrial activity includes Textiles, Hosiery items, Woolen, Jute, Footwear, Leather, Metal processing, Machinery parts, Marble, Food processing, Foundries and Handicrafts etc. Besides this Petroleum storages (IOCL, HPCL and BPCL) existing in the city.

Chennai, T.N. Un-collected domestic sewage (about 268mld) either on open land or flowing through drains to receiving system. The municipal solid waste generation is more than 3873 T/D. The industrial activity includes Hides & Skins, Tobacco, food grains, Iron and steels, Fertilizers, Paper, Chemicals, Sugar, Bone metals and Granites etc. Besides this Petroleum storages (IOCL, HPCL and BPCL) existing in the city.

Coimbatore, T.N. Un-collected domestic sewage (about 140 mld) either on open land or flowingthrough drains to receiving system. The municipal solid waste generation is about800 T/D. The industrial activity includesTextile, Foundries, Motor Pumps, Water tanks, Steel furniture’s, Electric and Electrical appliances, Automobile components, Washing machines, Wet grinders, General Engineering industries, Food processing units and Printing machineries etc. Besides this Petroleum storages (IOCL, HPCL and BPCL) existing in the city.

4

5

6

7

Madurai, T.N. Un-collected domestic sewage (about 80mld) either on open land or flowing through drains to receiving system. The municipal solid waste generation is more than 459 T/D. The industrial activity includes Textile, mills, Dyeing units, Power looms, Handlooms, Engineering and Mechanical Industries, Steel Rolling mills, Small Scale industries like Food products, Readymade Garments, Wooden industries, Printing, Molding industries etc. Besides this Petroleum storages (IOCL, HPCL and BPCL) existing in the city.

Meerut, U.P. Un-collected domestic sewage (about 35 mld) either on open land or flowingthrough drains to receiving system. The municipal solid waste generation is about490 T/D. The industrial activity includesDistillery, SSI units such as sports goods, chemicals, food processing, surgical goods, engineering works, petrochemicals, rubber, plastic, leather goods, flour mills and readymade garments Besides this, three petroleum storages (IOCL, HPCL and BPCL) existing in the city.

Lucknow, U.P. Un-collected domestic sewage either onopen land or flowing through drains to receiving system. The municipal solid waste generation is more than 475 T/D. The industrial activity includes Chemical, Petroleum storage, Pesticides, Electronic Manufacturing Units, and Breweries etc. Besides this, Petroleum storages (IOCL, HPCL and BPCL) existing in the city.

Ludhiana,Panjab

Un-collected domestic sewage either onopen land or flowing through drains to receiving system. The municipal solid waste generation is more than 734 T/D. The industrial activity includes Woolen, Dye, Electroplating, Bicycle, and Textile etc. Besides this Petroleum storages (IOCL, HPCL and BPCL) existing in the city.

8

*=Sampling of Groundwater for Pre & Post Monsoon seasons during 2002-2004

Vijaiwada, A.P. Un-collected domestic sewage (about 160mld) either on open land or flowing through drains to receiving system. The municipal solid waste generation is about550 T/D. The industrial activity includes Rice mills, Edible Oils, Beverages, Tobacco, Cotton, Paper, Food Processing, Utensils, Drugs, and Pharmaceuticals, Oil refineries, Motor Vehicle Parts, Wood and wood products, Ayurvedic medicines, Leather products, Rubber Products, Thermal Power plants and Milk and Milk Product processing etc. Besides this Petroleum storages (IOCL, HPCL and BPCL) existing in the city.

Table 15: Summary of Groundwater Quality problems in Metropolitan Cities

Groundwater Quality Problem*

High concentration of nitrate,fluoride, total hardness, chloride, TDS, calcium, Sulphate, potassium, magnesium, conductivity and Coliform organisms, whereas concentration of micro-pollutants such as toxic (heavy) metals Fe, Mn, and Cu were exceeding the permissible limit for drinking water during pre and post-monsoon seasons and also pesticides such as α-BHC, Endosulphan and Methoxychlor were detected in some of the samples.

High concentration of chloride,TDS, conductivity, Bicarbonate alkalinity, Sulphate, fluoride, calcium (pre-monsoon), total hardness and sodium, whereas concentration of micro-pollutants such as heavy metals Fe and Mn, were exceeding the permissible limit during both the seasons and also pesticides such as Aldrin, α- BHC, δ-BHC and Endosulphan were also detected in some of the samples.

High concentration of TDS, chloride, Sulphate, nitrate, fluoride,calcium and total hardness, whereas the concentration of micro- pollutants such as heavy metals Fe and Cr are exceeding permissiblelimit for drinking purposes and alsopesticides such as α-BHC only was detected in some of the samples.

High electrical conductivity, TDS,chloride, Bicarbonate alkalinity, Sulphate and fluoride whereas concentration of micro-pollutants such as heavy metals Cr and Fe at few locations were exceeding the permissible limit during both the seasons and also pesticides such as Aldrin, α-BHC, β-BHC, γ-BHC and δ-BHC were detected in some of the samples.

High concentration of TDS, nitrate, fluoride and alkalinity whereas theconcentration of micro-pollutants such as heavy metals Fe and Mn are exceeding permissible limit for drinking purposes and pesticidessuch as α-BHC only was detected in some of the samples.

High TDS, conductivity, Potassium,Magnesium, Alkalinity, TotalHardness and Total Coliform.

High electrical conductivity andhigh concentration of Potassium, Magnesium was detected in some of the samples.

*=Sampling of Groundwater for Pre & Post Monsoon seasons during 2002-2004

High electrical conductivity, TDS,Chloride, Bicarbonate alkalinity, Total Hardness, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium and fluoride whereas concentration of micro- pollutants such as toxic (heavy) metals Fe, and Mn, were exceeding the permissible limit during both the seasons and also pesticides such as Aldrin, DDE, DDD, α-BHC, β- BHC, γ-BHC, Methoxychlor and Endosulphan were detected in some of the samples.

Table 16: Problem Areas Identified by CPCB

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Sl. No.

Problem area identified by CPCB

DurgapurHowrahDhanbadAngul TalcherSingrauliVishakapatnamBolaram-PatancheruBhadravathiGreater CochinManaliNorth ArcotAnkleshwarVapiChemburTarapurDigboiParwanooKala-AmbMandi GobindgarhNagda-RatlamKorbaChemburPali-JodhpurDrain Basin Area, Najafgarh

Table 16: Problem Areas Identified by CPCB

State

West BengalWest BengalJharkhandOrissaUttar Pradesh (U.P.)Andhra Pradesh (A.P.)Andhra Pradesh (A.P.)KarnatakaKeralaTamilnadu (T.N.)Tamilnadu (T.N.)GujaratGujaratMaharashtraMaharashtraAssamHimachal Pradesh (H.P.)Himachal Pradesh (H.P.)PunjabMadhya Pradesh (M.P.)ChattisgarhMaharashtraRajasthanDelhi

Table 17: Units under observation in the problem area - Durgapur

Sl No.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

Source: WBPCB, Annual Report 2000-200

Industry name with address

Alloy Steels Plant, Durgapur-8, Burdwan

Durgapur Steel Plant, Durgapur-15, Burdwan

Durgapur Chemicals Ltd., Durgapur-15, Burdwan

East India Pharmaceutical Works Pvt. Ltd. Durgapur-15, Burdwan

IISCO Burnpur Works, Burnpur, Burdwan

Durgapur Projects Ltd. Durgapur-1, Burdwan

DTPS., DVC; Durgapur - 7, Burdwan

Hundusthan Fertilizer Corp. Ltd., Durgapur-12, Burdwan

Exodus Knitwear Pvt. Ltd., Dwarika, Bankura

Mejia Power Station, Durlavpur, Bankura

Dishergarh Power Supply Co. Ltd., Shibpur Power Station, JamuriahatDishergarh Power Supply Co. Ltd., Chinakuri Power Station, P.O. Sundarchak,Santaldih Power Station, Santaldihi, Purulia

Bhajudi Coal Washery, Purulia

Dishergarh Power Supply Co. Ltd., Sitarampur

Sharda Fertilizer, Bankura

Ahmedpur Sugar Mill

Bengal Paper Mill

IISCO, Kulti

Philips Carbon Black

Durgapur Cement

Damodar Cement (Madhukunda)

CLW, Asansol

Purulia Cement

Durgapur Steel Plant (Township)

Bakreswar Thermal Power Project

Table 18: CPCB groundwater locations in Durgapur

1

2

3

4

5

SlNo.

Location Approx. depth (m)

Type Current use

Mayabazar 25-30 Tubewell Drinking &domestic purposes

Ashisnagar 25-30 Tubewell -do-

Sagarbhanga 15-20 Dugwell -do-

GanatantraColony

15-20 Dugwell -do-

Palasdiha 15-20 Dugwell -do-

Table 19: Population statistics for district Howrah

2001 51.74 18,369 1991 37.29 2,543 1981 29.66 2,022 1971 24.17 1,640 1961 20.38 1,383 1951 16.11 1,093 1941 14.9 1,011 1931 10.98 746 1921 9.97 677 1911 9.43 640

Year Population in lakhs Population density persons/sq km

Table 20: Details of Groundwater Survey in Haora

6

7

8 9 10

SlNo.

Location Approx. depth(m) Type

Tikiapara 25-30 Tubewell

St. ThomasSchool

25-30 Tubewell

Sanpur 15-20 TubewellDasnagar 15-20 DugwellKadamtalla 15-20 Tubewell

Current use

Drinking & domestic purposes

-Do-

-Do--Do--Do-

Table 21: CPCB's Groundwater Survey locations

1 300

2 300

3 20

4 20

5 300

6

Note: Tubewell /dugwell -TW/D

Sl. No. Locations in2001-2002

Approx. depth (m)

Location in1994

Approx. depth (m)

Bartand Bus stand(TW)

100-120 Puja CinemaDeep (TW)

Court More (TW) -do- I.T.O. Deep(TW)

Opposite CRFI(TW)

-do- Golf Ground(DW)

Opposite ISM(TW)

-do- Jharia (DW)

Rangatnd (TW) -do- Jain BhawanSchool Deep(TW)Govindpur (TW) -do-

Current use

Drinking & domesticpurposes

-Do-

-Do-

-Do-

-Do-

-Do-

Table 22: Mines operating in Angul-Talcher area

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11

Sl. No. Name of Mine Type of miningJagannath colliery Open castBharatpur OCP Open castBalanda colliery Open castAnanta OCP Open castLingaraj OCP Open castKalinga OCP Open castHingula Open castTalcher colliery Under groundNandira colliery Under groundDeulbera colliery Under groundHandidhua colliery Under ground

CategoryLargeLargeLargeLargeLargeLargeLargeLargeLargeLargeLarge

Table 23: Ground water Survey locations in Angul-Talcher Area

1

2 61.5

3

4 54.5

5

6 61.08

7

8

9

10 60.8

11

12 60

13 60

14 56.6

15

16 80.6

17 64.4

18 64.4

Sl. No. Location Type Approx. Depth(m)

Bonda Dug well 3.05-10.97

Bonda Tube well

Kulad Dug well 2.44-11.58

Kulad Tube well

Tulsipal Dug well 3.3-12

Tulsipal Tube well

Kandsar Dug well 0.914-9.144

Balaramprasad Dug well 3.66-7.62

Chhelia Dug well 0.305-12.8

Angul Tube well

Kaniha Dug well 0.609-14.02

Kaniha Tube well

Deranga Tube well

Talcher Tube well

Godibandha Dug well 0.914-12.19

South Balanda Tube well

Handidhua chhak Tube well

Baghamara Tube well

19 63

20

21

22 60.60

23

FCI Tube well

Gurujanguli Dug well 2.133-9.144

Gotmara Dug well 3.962-9.144

Gotmara Tube well

Banarpal Dug well 4.572-8.53

Current use

Drinking and domesticpurposes-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

Table 24: Ground water sampling areas

Block Village

Banarpal Banarpal

Kandsar

Kulad

Tulsipal

Gotmara

Balaram prasad

Bonda

Angul Derjang

Angul

Talcher South Balanda

Handidhua

Talcher

Gurujanguli

Godibandha

Baghamara

Kaniha Kaniha

Chhelia

Kaniha

Deranga

Table 24: Ground water sampling areas

Justification for site selection

Situated at approximately equal distance from NALCO &TTPS.Situate in close proximity of NALCO smelter.

Situated in close proximity of NALCO smelter and Kisindajhor. The jhor is an industrial effluent carrying drain passing near by.Situated near to NALCO smelter and also a vast agriculturalland.Situated near NALCO, CPP

Situated close proximity to NALCO, CPP

Situated in close proximity of NALCO ash pond and a vastagricultural land.Baseline ground water quality data.

Base line ground water quality data.

Coal mining area

Coal mining area

Situated in close proximity of mining area and industrial area.

Situated near Nandira jhor, an industrial effluent carryingdrain.Situated little away from mining area and industrial area.

Situated near ORICHEM solid waste dumping site.

Situated close proximity to TSTPP, Kaniha.

Base line ground water quality data.

Situated near TSTPP ash pond.

Situated near to TSTPP ash pond and also a vast agricultural land.

Table 25: Major Industries in Singrauli Area

1

2

3

4

5 6 7

8 9

10 11

12

13

14

15

Sl. no. Name of Industry

HINDALCO Industries, Renukoot

Kanoria Chemical Industries, Renukoot

Hi-Tech Carbon, Renukoot

Northern Coal Fields Ltd., Site, Bina

Northern Coal Fields Ltd., Site , KakriNorthern Coal Fields Ltd., Site , KhadiaNorthern Coal Fields Ltd.,Site : DudhichuaRihand Super Thermal Power Plant (NTPCRenusagar Power Co. Anpara(Captive unit for HINDALCO)

U.P.State Cement Corporation, ChurkU.P.State Cement Corporation, Dala

U.P.State Electricity Corporation, Obra

Anpara Thermal Power Station

Singrauli Super Thermal Power Plant

Stone Crushers – cluster of appx 150 nos.

Major environmental issue(s)

Air and water pollution due to fluoride anddisposal of red mud

Water pollution due to pesticides, chlorineand mercury in wastewater and sludge

Air dispersion of carbon ;oil & grease inwastewater

Mine water discharge, oil & grease fromworkshop, Air pollution

-same as above--same as above--same as above-

) Air Pollution;Ash Pond OverflowAir pollution;Disposal of fly –ash

- Currently closed-- Currently closed

Air Pollution;Ash Pond Overflow

Air Pollution;Ash Pond Overflow

Air Pollution Ash Pond Overflow

Air Pollution

Table 26: Groundwater Survey Locations

1 10

2 12

3 15

4 15

5 12

6 15

At all these location the groundwater is predominantly used for drinking purposes

Sl. No.

Stn code

Station name MetreBgl

Type

SG1 Downstream of fly- ashpond of Obra ThermalPower Plant, Obra

Sump-well

SG2 Premises of RotaryHealth Centre, Near Radha Krishna Temple, Renukoot

Handpump

SG3 Sheo Park Bazar,near HINDALCO gate , Renukoot

Handpump

SG4 Renusagar IntermediateCollege, Renusagar, Anpara

Open-Well

SG5 Type-IV Flats, AnparaThermal Power PlantTownship Anpara

Handpump

SG6 Behind Bina StadiumVaranasi-Shaktinagar highway Bina

Handpump

At all these location the groundwater is predominantly used for drinking purposes

Significance of location

Impact of ash pond overflowand seepage from ash pond ofObra Thermal Power Plant

Impact of Red-Mud disposaland Fly Ash Pond of M/s HINDALCO Renukoot and effluent of M/s Hi-Tech Carbon, Renukoot

Impact of effluent from M/sHINDALCO Renukoot and M/s Kanoria Chemical Indus., Renukoot

Impact of over flow andseepage from ash-pond of M/sRenusagar Power Company,

Impact of over flow andseepage from ash-pond of M/sAnpara T.P. Plant

Impact of Coal MiningOperations

Table 27: Survey of Groundwater stations at Vishakapatnam

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Sl. No. Name of the station Location details Type of well

G1. MVP Colony Inside little AngelsConvent

Bore well

G2. IDA, Marripalem Opp. To IndustrialEstate

-do-

G3. RR Venkatapuram Next to HindustanPolymers Ltd.

-do-

G4. Shielanagar Inside the house NoMIG A-8

Open &round

G5. Mindi (Early well isclosed)

Near bus terminalhouse No. 2-9-7

-do-

G6. Pedaghantyada Near Aruna Theatre Open &square

G7. R.K. Puram St. Joseph's School Bore well

Present use

Drinking, Garden,Domestic use

Domestic

Drinking

Domestic

Washing cloths

Domestic

-do-

Table 28: Groundwater monitoring stations at Patancheru and Bollaram

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Sl Name of the station Location details Type of wellLakdaram Next to the Sarpanch House Bore wellKhardanoor Opp. to Shri. Narsimhlu House -do-Inole Near the entrance of the village -do-Kistareddypet Opp. to the big irrigation tank -do-Isakabhavi Inside the primary -do-Bachupalli Near the entrance of the village -do-Bollaram Near the Cinema Theatre -do-

Table 28: Groundwater monitoring stations at Patancheru and Bollaram

Present useDomestic useDomestic use incl. Drinking-do-Domestic useDomestic use incl. Drinking-do--do-

Table 29: Groundwater survey locations

1

2

3

Sl.No. Name of Groundwater sampling point

Source of waterAmirjan Colony Bore well

Babballi "

Machenahalli "

Mode of useDomestic

"

"

Table 30: List of large and medium industries in Cochin

1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 10 11

Large scale industriesM/s FACT- Petrochemical DivisionM/s FACT-Udyoga- Mandal DivisionM/s FACT – Ammonia Plant DivisionM/s Indian Rare EarthsM/s Travancore Cochin ChemicalsM/s Binani Zinc Ltd.M/s Cochin Minerals and RitualsM/s Indian Aluminum CompanyM/s Hindustan Insecticides Ltd.M/s Carborandum UniversalM/s Travancore Chemicals

Table 30: List of large and medium industries in Cochin

Medium scale industriesM/s Kainady Tanneries Pvt. Ltd.M/s Cochin Laethers (P) Ltd.M/s Sree Sakthi Papers Mills LtdM/s Periyar Chemicals Ltd.M/s Indo-German CArbon (P) Ltd.M/s Merchem Ltd.M/s Vithoga Chemicals (P) Ltd.M/s Arjuna Aromation

Table 31: Groundwater Quality Survey Locations

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Sl. No. Name of Groundwater(GW) station

Depth Type of well

Bramhapuram (new) (GW1) 25 feet Dug well

Eloor (new) (GW2) 20 feet Dug well

Cochin Export processingZone (new) (GW3)

20 feet -do-

Kalamassery (new) (GW4) 15 feet -do-

Ambalamugal (new) (GW5) 10 feet -do-

Mattancherry (old) (GW6) 10 feet -do

Edayar (new) (GW7) 15 feet Dug well

Present use

Irrigation

-do-

-

Drinking

Drinking /irrigation

Domestic

-do-

Table 32: Groundwater survey Locations in North Arcot (Vellore)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

StationCode

Name of Station Approx. depth

Type of wellRanipet library opposite 7 mtrs Dug well

TCL Annanagar,SIPCOT, Ranipet

60 feet Hand pump

Jayavel House, EmbroiduNagar, Ranipet

30 feet Dug well

Well at Chitran VazramFactory, Mardhangal, Ambur Road, Ranipet

40 feet Dug well

Munisamy house well,Mahaveer Nagar, Gudiyatham

- Well

Near Sumangali CinemaTent, Pernampet

60 feet Dug well

Maswood and ETOCompany Pernampet

100 feet Bore well

Annamalai Chettiyar Dugwell, Chinathamancheruvu

60 feet Dug well

A.R. Kumara NaiduWell, Ambur Road, Periyavarikam

50 feet Dug well

Panchayat Dug well,Periyavarakkam

- Dug well

Hand pump atVenkatasamudram nearMicro wave tower

150 feet Hand pump

Rajarathnam open well atSolur

35 feet Open well

Hand pumpKamarajapuram, KacheriRoad, Vaniambadi

- Hand pump

Dug well at GudiyathamRoad, Vaniyambadi

40 feet Dug well

Table 32: Groundwater survey Locations in North Arcot (Vellore)

Present useDomestic use

Domestic use

Domestic use

Domestic use

Domestic use

Domestic use

Domestic use

Domestic use

Domestic use

Domestic use

Domestic use

Domestic use

Domestic use

Domestic use

Table 33: Groundwater Quality Survey in Ankaleshwar

1

2

3

Sl. No. Station code GW StationName

Approx. Depth (m)

Type ofWell

AK – 01 CETP GIDCAnkleshwar

26 m Bore Well

AK –02 Piraman School 30 m Bore wellwith Hand pump

AK – 03 Bharuch Naka 40 m Bore Well

Present use

Gardening and Washing

Washing and Bathing

Washing andConstruction work

Table 34: Groundwater Quality Survey in Vapi (Gujarat)

1

2

Sl. No. Station Station Approximate depth (m)

Type ofVP-01 IOC godown

and near Vapi railway

21m HandPump

VP-02 Rajhanscomplex, Charwad road

30m Bore well

Drinking Washing and Bathing

Drinking Washing and Bathing

Present Use

Table 35: Groundwater Quality Survey in Chembur, Mumbai (Maharashtra)

1

2

3

4

5

6

Sl. No. Station code

Station Name Approx depth (m)

Type of Well

CH- 01 Pepsico India Ltd. 23 m Bore pump

CH-02 AmbadapadaVillage

10 m Open Well

CH-03 BPCL 17 m Bore well

CH-04 Acharya SamridhiApartment

10 m Open Well

CH-05 MerylandApartment

20 m Bore well

CH-06 Vadvali village 33 m Bore well

Table 35: Groundwater Quality Survey in Chembur, Mumbai (Maharashtra)

Present use

Gardening

Washing and Bathing

Gardening

Washing and Bathing

Washing bathing andGardening

Washing and Bathing

Table 36: Groundwater Quality Survey in Tarapur (Maharashtra)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Sl. No. Station code

Station Name Approx. depth (m)

Type of WellTP- 01 Chandrika Nagar 23 m BorepumpTP-02 Dhodipada 25 m HandpumpTP-03 Bhairam chikuwadi

( opp. Special Steel )10 m Open

wellTP-04 Ospada, Saravali village 25 m Hand pumpTP-05 Kolwade Village 33 m BorewellTP-06 Kumbhavali Village

(Gajanan Nagar)33 m Bore

wellTP-07 Pasthal village 17 m Borewell

Table 36: Groundwater Quality Survey in Tarapur (Maharashtra)

Present useConstruction, Washing andBathingDrinking, Washing andBathingAgricultureDrinking, Washing andBathingWashing bathing andGardeningGardening, Washing andBathingConstruction work

Table 37: Name and nature of groundwater quality monitoring stations in Digboi

16 17 15 18 15 19 25 20 25

Station code

Station name Type of well Approx. DepthHawkinspara Shallow tube well 20-25Kalibari Dug wellMissionpara Dug wellGolai Shallow tube wellBorbil Shallow tube well

Table 37: Name and nature of groundwater quality monitoring stations in Digboi

Present useDrinking and other-do--do--do--do-

Table 38: Major industrial activities in the problem area

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Sl. No. LocationDhanbad (Bihar)Digboi (Assam)Durgapur(West Bengal)Howrah(West Bengal)Bollaram Patncheru (AP)Greater Cochin (Kerala)North Arcot (TN)Bhadravathi (Karnataka)Ratlam Nagda (M.P.)Vapi (Gujarat)Chembur, Mumbai(Maharashtra)Korba (M.P.)Singrauli (U.P.)Mandi Gobindgarh (Punjab)Visakapatnam (AP)Manali (TN)Parwanoo (HP)Kala Amb (HP)Pali (Rajasthan)Jodhpur (Rajasthan)Najafgarh Drain Basin Area(Delhi)Angul Talcher (Orrissa)Tarapur (Maharashtra)Ankleshwar (Gujarat)

Table 38: Major industrial activities in the problem area

Major industrial activitiesCoking plants, coal washeries, Chemicals, Cement,Explosive factory and ancillary unitsOil RefineryChemicals, cement, power plants, coal fieldsFoundries, electroplating & other mechanical Engg. UnitsPesticide, PharmaceuticalsFertilizer, Pesticides, Chemicals, Chloro-alkaliTanneries, dyeing unitsViveshwaraya Steel Ltd., Mysore Paper Mills Ltd.Distillery Dye (intermediates) Pharmaceutical(intermediates)Dyes, Pesticides, Paper & Pulp mills, organic and inorganicchemicalsRefineries, Fertilizer & Petrochemical, Thermal PowerPlantThermal Power Plants, Ancillary units, Aluminumindustries, MiningThermal Power Plants, Aluminum plants, organic chemicalsindustries and other subsidiary units with carbon plants, caustic soda and pesticidesWooden Chemicals, Electroplating units and other steelmetals unitsSteel plant, medium and small scale unitsPetroleum products, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, powerplantAncillary, general industries, fruit processing, pesticidesPaper MillsTextile, dyesTextile, steel, Engineering foundry, Chemicals, mineralsdye plastic, oil, pulses and rubberInsecticides, Caustic soda, Vanaspati, electroplating andtreated and Un-treated sewage etc.Thermal Power station, Fertilizers, Chemicals, Miningactivities and AluminumChemicals and textilesDyes, chemicals, textile units

T a b l e 3 9 : G r o u n d W a t e r Q u a l i ty i n p r o b l e m A r e a s ( 1 9 9 4 )

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

Sl. No. Area Industrial Activities

Dhanbad (Bihar) Fertilizers, Chemicals,Coke plants, Cement explosive factory and Ancillary units

Digboi (Assam) Oil Refinery

Durgapur(West Bengal)

Coal fields, PowerPlants, Cement Plants and Chemical units

Howrah(West Bengal)

Foundries,Electroplating & other Mechanical Engineering units

Bolaram-Patancheru (AP)

Pesticides,Pharmaceuticals

Greater Cochin(Kerala)

Fertilizer, Pesticides,Chemicals, Chlor –alkaliNorth Arcot

(Tamilnadu)Tanneries, Dying units

Bhadravathi(Karnataka)

Steel Plants, PaperMills

Ratlam-Nagda(MP)

Distillery , Dye(intermediates) Pharmaceutical (intermediates)

Vapi (Gujarat) Dyes, Pesticides, Paper& Pulp mills, organic &inorganic chemicalsChembur

(Maharashtra)Petroleum, Refineries, Fertilizer &Petrochemical, ThermalPower Plant.

Korba (MP) Thermal Power Plants,Ancillary Units, Alluminium industries, MiningSingrauli (UP) Thermal Power Plants, Alluminium Plant,Organic chemicals industries, Carbon Black plant, Caustic soda & pesticides.

Mandi Gobindgarh(Punjab)

Wooden, Chemicals,Electroplating units and other Steel metals units.

Parwanoo (HP) Ancillary , general industries, Fruitproceeding plant, pesticides.

Kala-Amb (HP) Paper Mills

Pali (Rajasthan) Textile, dyeing units

Jodhpur(Rajasthan)

Textile, Steel,Engineering foundry, Chemicals, minerals, dye plastic, oil, pulses

19

20

21

22

* With reference to BIS standards for drinking water; Source: Central Pollution Control Board

Drain Basin Area,Najafgarh (Delhi)

Insecticides, CausticSoda, Vanaspati, Electroplating etc.

Angul- Talcher(Orissa)

Thermal Power station,Fertilizers, chemicals, Mining activities & aluminum

Manali ( TN) Thermal Power Station,Fertilizer,Petroleum RefiningVishakhapatnam

(Andhra Pradesh)Zinc Smelting,Fertilizer, PetroleumRefining

T a b l e 3 9 : G r o u n d W a t e r Q u a l i ty i n p r o b l e m A r e a s ( 1 9 9 4 )

Ground Water Quality Problem*

Low pH, whereas NO3, Al, Ca, TDS, TH, Fe, Mn, Cr, Zn, Cu, Hg & Cd, and also Pesticides exceeded standards

Fe and Mn exceeded standards

Heavy metals except Cu exceeded standards. Hg was also reported as high as 9.5 mg/l.Phenolic compounds & CN were in traces. Total pesticides levels have exceeded standards

Heavy metals viz. Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe & Mn werevery high. EC, TH, Cl, TDS were some time very high Pesticides were also on high side CN & Phenolic compounds in traces.Phosphates, Hg, As, Cd, Fe, Mn & Pb TDS,TH, Ca exceeded standards, Pesticides were also found to be present.

Predominantly acidic. The presence ofcoliform of faecal origin was high.Zn, Cu, Cr, Fe & Mn, total coliform exceeded standards at several locations.

Zn, Fe & Mn , Pesticides like Aldrin,Dieldrin, Lindane & DDT Pathogenic organisms reported to be high.Colour, TDS, TH, Hg, Pb were on higher side, considerable amounts of Pesticides were also reported. Fecal Coliform were also present particularly at NagdaPhenolic compounds, Cyanide & heavymetals were present within limit as per drinking standards.TDS, Alkativity, TH were higher, Heavy metals, Pesticides, phenolic compounds werepresent in concentrations, but not very significant. Coliform were on higher side.The presence of Cd, Fe, Cr & Cu hasexceeded standards, Pesticides were also present. Coliform, F, TDS, CN, B & phenolic compounds also exceeded the standards.Fe, Cr & Cu were present in predominance, Presence of high Aldrine, Dieldrin & Lindanelevels were also observed. Beside this F, Ca, Mg, B, Coliform, Phenols exceeded standardsPb, Cu, Cd exceeded standards, Phenoliccompounds & Cyanide was also present on higher side.

Presence of Cd, Pb, Fe, Mn were observed on higher side. Traces of pesticides were alsopresent. Phenolic exceeded standards.Phenolic compounds exceeded standards;Heavy metals like Cd, Pb & Mn and also pesticides are above limitsColour, Lead, Zinc Fluoride TDS, Cl, Sn werein concentrates exceeding standards.Colour, Heavy metals such as Fe, Cr, Mn NO3

Na, TDS exceeded standards

* With reference to BIS standards for drinking water; Source: Central Pollution Control Board

EC, TDS Coliform, F, NO3, Fe & Cr both exceeded the drinking water standards.

Cr, Fe, Cd, Pb, F and NO3 were found in concentrates level exceeding standards

High microbial contamination have beenreported, Nitrates, Fluoride have exceeded standardsHeavy Metal, Fluoride and Nitrates exceededstandards

T a b l e 4 0 : G r o u n d W a t e r Q u a l i t y i n P r o b l e m A r e as ( 2 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 4 )

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Sl. No. Area Industrial Activities

Angul-Talcher(Orissa)

Thermal Power station,Fertilizers, chemicals, Mining activities & aluminum

Ankleshwar(Gujarat)

Dyes, chemicals, textile units

Bolaram- Patancheru(A.P.)

Pesticides, Pharmaceuticals

Bhadravathi(Karnataka)

Steel Plants, Paper Mills

Chembur,Bombay(Maharashtra)

Petroleum, Refineries,Fertilizer & Petroche-mical, Thermal Power Plant.

Dhanbad(Bihar)

Fertilizers, Chemicals, Cokeplants, Cement explosive factory and Ancillary units

Digboi(Assam)

Oil Refinery

Durgapur(West Bengal)

Coal fields, Power Plants,Cement Plants andChemical units

Greater Cochin( Kerala)

Fertilizer, Pesticides, Chemicals, Chlor - alkali

Howrah(West Bengal)

Foundries, Electroplating &other MechanicalEngineering units

Manali(Tamilnadu)

Thermal Power Station,Fertilizer,Petroleum Refining

North Arcot(Tamilnadu)

Tanneries, Dying units

13

14

15

16

* Information gathered during 2002-2004

Singrauli(U.P.)

Thermal Power Plants, Alluminium Plant, Organicchemicals industries,Carbon Black plant, Caustic soda & pesticides.

Tarapur,(Maharashtra)

Chemicals, textiles,Engineering, Plastic, & Packing

Vapi(Gujarat)

Dyes, Pesticides, Paper &Pulp mills, organic &inorganic chemicals

Vishakhapatnam,A.P.

Zinc Smelting, Fertilizer,Petroleum Refining

T a b l e 4 0 : G r o u n d W a t e r Q u a l i t y i n P r o b l e m A r e as ( 2 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 4 )

Ground Water Quality Problem*

Fe, F and NO3 were found in higher level and exceeding standards. Very high values of TDS, TH, Cl, TC & FC were observed atall locations. Pesticides were detected

TDS, Cl, SO4, Pb, Cr and Pathogenic organisms were reported to be high

Fe, Mn & TDS, TH, Cl, SO4 exceeded standard, Bacterial (Pathogenic) contamination were also found

High TDS, TH, Cl, and Pathogeniccontamination observed.

TDS, Cl, SO4, TH were higher, Heavy metals such as Cr, Pb, & Mn, were exceeding limit. Coliform were on higher side

Low pH, whereas NO3, Ca, TDS, TH, Fe, Mn, & Hg on higher side. Also Pesticides were detected in many of the sample

Fe and Mn exceeded standards

Heavy metals except Fe were within thestipulated standards. SO4 and NO3 higher at some locations. Bacterial contamination on higher side. Pesticides such as DDT were the most prominent compared to other pesticides

Predominantly acidic. High content ofmetals such as Zn, Ni, Pb, Cu, Fe and Mn,Faecal contamination reported.

Heavy metals viz. Fe & Mn were high. EC,TH, Cl, TDS were also very high. Pesticides such as DDT on higher side. Bacterial contaminations such as TC & FC are observed on all locations.

High microbial contamination has beenreported. Nitrates, Fluoride, Chloride, Sulphate, TDS, TH have exceeded standards, Cyanide in traces, Cu, Cd, Mn, Zn, were high

Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe & Mn, and Fecal & TotalColiform exceeded standards at several locations. SO4 , Cl, TDS, NO3 were high.

Fe & Hg were present in predominance, Presence of high Aldrine, Dieldrin &Lindane levels were also observed. Beside this F, TH, SO4 , Ca, Mg, TDS, Cl, and Coliform, were exceeded standards.

TDS, Cl, SO4 and Cr were present in high concentration. TC and FC were reported very high

TDS, CL, were high and heavy metals suchas Cr, Pb, were exceeding the limit as per drinking standards.

Heavy Metal such as Ni, Cr, Co, TC, F,TH, TDS were exceeded standards

Table 41: Incidents Occurred due to Geogenic sources and Districts/Villages affected by Arsenic Contamination

1.0 1980

2.0 1999

3.0 2002

4.0

5.0

6.0 2004

Sl. No. Incidents found in the year

Names of the districts/ Villages

M a l da h , M u rs hi d a ba d , Na di a , N o rt h 2 4Pa rga n as , Sout h 24 Pa rga n as , Bardam an, Howr ah, Hoogh ly , Ko l k ata

Two dist r i cts of C hhatisg a rh– R ajn a ndgaon and Durg.

Bhojpur D istr ict s of Bi har

2003-2004

F o ur t e e n di st ri ct s o f B i ha r - P as c h i m iC h am par a n, P u r b a C h am pa r a n, Si t a m a r h i Sup a u l , Aror ia, K ish anganj, Purn i a , K a ti har, Pat n a, B hojpur, Buxar, Saran ( C h a pr a) V a i s h a li , M a dhuban i and Sah i bganj D i stt. of J h arkh and

2003-2004 Elev en d i st rict s of Ut tar Pradesh Pili bh it ,Lakh im pu r Bah a raich, Sh rav a sti B a lram p ur, S i dd ar thn a ga r, Mah a ra jganj , Kus h in ag ar, Ballia, Unnao, Lucknow.

Dh im aj i, Kar i m g anj

Table 41: Incidents Occurred due to Geogenic sources and Districts/Villages affected by Arsenic Contamination

State

We st Be n g a l

Chhatisg a rh

Bihar

Bihar & Jh arkh and

U ttar P r ad es h

As sam

Table 42: Number of districts affected by groundwater pollution due to contamination of Fluorides in various states in India

1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Sl. No. StatesAndhra PradeshAssamBihar and JharkhandGujaratHaryanaKarnatakaMadhya Pradesh and ChhattisgarhMaharashtraRajasthanTamilnaduUttar PradeshWest BengalKerelaOrissaTotal Districts

Table 42: Number of districts affected by groundwater pollution due to contamination of Fluorides in various states in India

10 3 9 15 5 7 9 4 7 9 5 3 1 4 91

Number of districts having incidence of fluoride problem

Table 43: Statewise Details of Contamination of Ground Water in Some Areas of the Districts Due to Various Contaminants

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

SlNo

State Iron Fluoride Nitrate

AndhraPradesh

- Prakasam, NelloreAnantpur, Nalgonda, Rangareddy, Adilabad

Vishakhapatnam, EastGodavari, Krishna, Prakasam Nellore, Chittoor, Anantpur, Cuddapah, Kurnool, Mehboobnagar, Rangareddy, Medak, Adilabad, Nalgonda, Khammam

Assam Northern Bank ofBrahmaputra

- -

Bihar Champaran,Muzaffarpur, Gaya, Munger, Deioghar, Madhubani, Patna, Palamau, Nalanda, Nawada, Banka

Giridigh, Jamui,Dhanbad

Palamau, Gaya, Patna,Nalanda, Nawada, Bhagalpur, Sahebgunj, Banka

Chattisgarh - - -

Gujarat - Kachch, SurendraNagar, Rajkot, Ahmedabad Mehsana, Banaskantha, Sabarkantha, Panchmahal, Kheda

-

Haryana - Rohtak, Jind, Hissar,Bhiwani, Mahendragarh,Faridabad

Ambala, Sonepat, Jind,Gurgaon, Faridabad, Hissar, Sirsa, Karnal,Kurukshetra, Rohtak,Bhiwani, Mahendragarh

HimachalPradesh

- - Kulu, Solan, Una

Karnataka - Tumkur, Kolar,Bangalore, GulbargaBellary, Raichur

-

Kerala - Palghat -

Jharkhand - - -

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

MadhyaPradesh

- Bhind Morena, Guna,Jhabua, Chhindwara, Seoni, Mandla, Raipur, Vidisha

Sehore

Maharashtra - Bhandara, Chandrapur,Nanded, Aurangabad

Thane, Jalna, Beed,Nanded, Latur, Osmanabd, Solapur, Satara, Sangli, Kolhapur, Dhule, Jalgaon, Aurangabad, Ahmednagar, Pune, Buldhana, Amravati, Akola, Nagpur, Wardha, Bhandara,Chandrapur, Gadchiroli

Orissa Parts of coastalOrissa

Bolangir -

Punjab - Ludhiana, Faridkot,Bhatinda, Sangrur, jalandhar, Amritsar

Patiala, Faridkot,Firozpur, Sangrur, Bhatinda

Rajasthan Bikaner, Alwar,Dungarpur

Barmer, Bikaner,Ganganagar, Jalore, Nagaur, Pali, Sirohi

Jaipur, Churu,Ganganagar, Bikaner, Jalore, Barmer, Bundi, Swai Madhopur

Tamil Nadu - Dharmapuri, SalemNorth Arcot-Ambedkar, Villipuram-Padayatchi, Muthuramalingam, Tiruchirapalli, Pudukottai

Coimbatore, Periyar,Salem

Tripura Dharmnagar,Kauleshaher, Khowai, Ambasa,Amapur and partsof Agartala valley

- -

Uttar Pradesh - Bulandshahar, Aligarh,Agra, Unnao, Rae- Bareli

Orai, Jhansi, Lalitpur,Faizabad, Sultanpur, Maharajganj, Gorakhpur, Deoria

West Bengal Midnapore,Howrah, Hoogly, Bankura

Birbhum Uttar Dinajpur, Malda,Birbhum, lNadia, Midnapore, Howrah, Murshidabad, Purulia

NCT of Delhi - - Shahdara, & MehrauliBlocks

Table 43: Statewise Details of Contamination of Ground Water in Some Areas of the Districts Due to Various Contaminants

Arsenic

-

Dhimaji, Karimganj,

Bhojpur, PaschimiChamparan, Purba Champaran, Sitamarhi Supaul, Aroria, Kishanganj, Purnia, Katihar, Patna, Bhojpur, Buxar, Saran (Chapra) Vaishali, Madhubani

Rajnandgaon, Durg.

-

-

-

-

-

Sahibganj

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Pilibhit, LakhimpurBaharaich , Shravasti Balrampur, Siddarthnagar, Maharajganj , Kushinagar, Ballia, Unnao, Lucknow

Kolkata, Malda, South24-Paraganas, North24-Paraganas Nadia, Hoogly Murshidbad,Bradhaman, Howrah

-

Table1: Groundwater quality Observation and % sample violation with respect to drinking water standards in Agra Metropolitan City

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Parameters (All are in mg/L except pH)

Range- (Pre- Monsoon)

Range (Post- Monsoon)

Stds. BIS/ WHOGuideline

% Sample violation (DL-PL, Analysis of 50 samples)

pH value 6.76-7.6 6.59-7.81 6.5-8.5 None

TotalHardness(as CaCO3)

132-2484 115-2450 300-600 40% within the DL while30% crosses the DL but are well within the PL and30% crosses PL.

Chloride(as Cl)

50-1815 38-1795 250 -1000 44% falls within DL,while 48 % exceeds theDL but are within the PL.8% crosses PL

Totaldissolved solids

474 -6246

449 –5920

500-2000 36% exceeding maxmumPermissible limit while60% crosses DL but within PL & 4% within DL

Calcium(as Ca)

30-453 28-461 75-200 40% falls within the DL(BIS) & 40% crosses the DL but are within the PL, while 20% crosses the PL

Sulphate(as SO4)

35-1475 30-1275 200 - 400 40% fall within the DLwhile 20% exceeds DLbut are within the PL.40% crosses the PL

Nitrate(as NO3 N)

12-702 12-832 45-100 54% exceeds the PL of100 mg/l. 20% samples shows NO3- content < DL while 26% samples crosses the DL but within the PL

8

9

10

11

12

13

Fluoride(as F)

0.46 – 7.8 0.32-3.7 1.0-1.5 26% exceeds the DL butare within the PL and34% crosses the PL during pre-monsoon. While 40% are within the DL

Sodium(as Na)

56-1196 48-1192 200 (Nolimit inBIS/WHO)

The high sodium value inthe metro may be attributed to base action phenome-non.

Potassium(as K)

1.3-65.0 1.1-54.0 No limit inBIS/WHO

The high K value in themetro may be attributed to base action phenomenon.

Magnesium(as Mg)

4-348 10-316 30 - 100( BISstandard )

40% falls within the DL(BIS) & 40% crosses the DL but are within the PL, while 20% crosses the PL

Phosphate(as PO4)


The values are usuallylow in groundwater samples.

Conducti-vity (as EC)µS/cm

740-9760 702-9250 No limit inBIS (1000µS/cm irrigation standard)

Almost all the samplehaving conductivity value above 1000 µS/cm during both the seasons.

14

15

16

17

1

FaecalColiformMPN/100ml

09-23 Nil Should benil

6% crosses PL while 92%within DL

TotalColiformMPN/100ml

03-23 Nil 5% samplesShould not be >10 in100ml sample.

6% exceeded the PL

Alkalinity(as HCO3)mg/l

153-455 144-434 200-600 68% and 40% during preand post-monsoon seasons respectively crosses the DL, but well within the PL

Boron as Bmg/l

0.01-0.68 0.01-0.86 1.0-5.0 All the samples indicatethat the ground water is safe for irrigation purpose only.

Heavy Metals (µg/l)

Range (Pre- Monsoon)


Stds. BIS/WHO Guideline

% Sample violation (DL-PL, analysis of 50 samples)

Iron(as Fe)

446-9000 176-5262 300-1000 72% and 84% crosses PLduring pre and post monsoon respectively. However, overall scenario (50 samples) showed 74% crosses PL while 22% between DL & PL and only4% <DL

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

Lead(as Pb)

33-270 24-186 50- Norelaxation

68% and 44% crosses thePL during pre and post monsoon seasons respectively.

Manganese(as Mn)

15-445 7-519 100-300 Only 10% crosses the PLduring pre and post monsoon seasons.

Copper(as Cu)

8-235 9-117 50-1500 Only 16% exceeds the DLduring pre and post monsoon seasons.

Cadmium(as Cd)

5-28 3-24 10- Norelaxation.

40% and 24% crosses thePL during pre and post monsoon seasons respectively.

Chromium(as Cr)


All the samples fall wellwithin the DL of drinking water

Nickel(as Ni)

17-144 16-124 20 (asguideline value of WHO)

96% crosses the WHOlimit during pre and post monsoon seasons.

Zinc(as Zn)

24-2442 22-2232 5000-15000 All the samples werefound within the desirable limit prescribed by BIS (1991) and WHO (1996).

Pesticides(µg/l)



Standards BIS/WHO Guideline % Sample violation

Organo-chlorinated pesticidesAldrin NT NT 0.03 (WHO

guideline)-

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

N o t e : R a n g e o f S t a n d a r d s ( B I S ) i n d i c a t e d D e s i r a b l e t o P e r m i s s i b l e l im i t w h i l e W H O g u i d e l i n e c o n s i d e r e d w h e r e v e r B I S s t a n d a r d s n o t p r e s c r i b e d . T h e a b b r e v i a t i on i n d i c a t e d a b o v e a s ‘ D L ’ = D e s i r a b l e L i m i t ; ‘ P L ’ = P e r m i s s i b l e L i m i t ; ‘ H P = H a n d p u m p ; ‘ T W ’ = T u b e w e l l , N T = N o t T r a c e a b l e

∝-BHC(µg/l)

0.02-1.15 0.03-0.86 1.0 (WHOguideline)

All the samples are wellwithin the WHO limit except one.

Endosul-phan (µg/l)

0.1-1.03 0.15-1.06 No guideline Out of 25 samples, 14samples were detected endosulphan concentration.

Methoxy-chlor(µg/l)

0.33-0.58 0.37-0.67 20 (WHOguideline)

All the samples are wellwithin the WHO limit.

DDT(µg/l)

NT NT 2.0 (WHOguideline)

The DDT concentrationwere not detected in all the samples.

∝-HCH(µg/l)

NT NT No guideline No samples found ∝-HCH concentrations

OrganaPhosphorous pesticidesMalathion(µg/l)

NT NT - -

Methylparathion(µg/l)

NT NT - -

Chlorpyri-phos (µg/l)

NT NT - -

Table1: Groundwater quality Observation and % sample violation with respect to drinking water standards in Agra Metropolitan City

Observations

• The pH values are well within the limit of various uses

• The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that totalhardness values are being exceeded w.r.t the stipulated standard at some location(s);• For both the monitoring rounds the HP monitored at Khandari,Sultanpura, Rakabganj, Namner, Bundu Katra, Baluganj, Tajganj and Balkeshwar were exceeded the PL.

• The values at all locations for both the rounds were within thestipulated standards;• The HP at Sultanpura & Namner exceeded the permissiblelimit recommended by BIS/ WHO.

• The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that totaldissolved solids are being exceeded w.r..t the stipulated standard at some location(s);• For both the monitoring rounds the HP monitored at Khandari,Sultanpura, Namner, Bundu Katra, Rakabganj exceeded thePL of 2000mg/l.

• The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that calciumvalues are being exceeded w.r.t. the stipulated standard at some location(s);• For both the monitoring rounds the HP monitored at Khandari,Sultanpura, Namner exceeded the max. PL

• The ranges in both the round indicated that the values areexceeded the stipulated standard at some locations;• For both the monitoring rounds the HP monitored at Khandari,Shahganj, Sultanpura, Rakab-ganj, Namner, Bundu Katra, Baluganj, Ratanpura, Tajganj and Balkeshwar were exceeded the max. PL

• The ranges in both the round indicated that the values areexceeded the stipulated standard at some locations;• For both the monitoring rounds the HP monitored at Khandari,Shahganj, Sultanpura, Idgah colony, Rakab-ganj, Namner, Bundu Katra, Gandhi nagar, Mantola, Chilgarh, Baluganj, Ratanpura, Tajganj and Balkeshwar were exceeded the maximum PL.

• The ranges in both the round indicated that the values areexceeded the stipulated standard at some locations;• For both the monitoring rounds the HP monitored at Sikandra,Khandari, Lohamandi, Shahganj, Sultanpura, Idgah Colony, Rajamandi, Nai ki mandi, Namner, Gandhi Nagar, Maithan, Mantola, Naulakha, Ratanpura, Itma-Ud-Daulla were exceeded the maximum PL.

• In both the monitoring rounds the values of sodium content wasfound very high. Ground water with such high sodium is not sutiable for irrigation purpose due to sodium sensitivity of crops.

• In both the monitoring rounds the values of potassiumexceeded the 10 mg/l of EEC standard at, Sultanpura, IdgahColony, Nai ki mandi, Bundu Katra, Mantola, Chilgarh, Baluganj, Belanganj, Industrial Estate and Itma-Ud-Daulla.• The main sources of potassium in ground water includerainwater, weathering of potash, silicate minerals, use of potash fertilizers and use of surface water for irrigation.• The BIS has not included K in drinking water standards. How-ever the EEC has prescribed guideline level of 10 mg/l potassium during pre-monsoon.

• The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate thatMagnesium values are being exceeded the Stipulated standard at some location(s);• For both the monitoring rounds the HP monitored at Khandari,Sultanpura, Namner exceeded the max. PL

• Phophorus is essential plant nutrient and is extensively used infertilizers. Phosphate gets adsorbed or fixed as aluminum or iron phosphate in acidic soils or as calcium phosphate in alkaline or nutral soils, as a result the concentration of phosphate is usually low but various chemical processes in soil strata may induce the mobility of phosphate in subsoil & GW.

• There was no seasonal variation at almost all the locations.However, the value of conductivity exceeded the irrigation standards at most of the locations.• For both the monitoring rounds the HP monitored at Khandari,Shahganj, Sultanpura, Idgah colony, Rakabganj, Namner, Bundu katra, Mantola, Chilgarh, Baluganj, Naulakha, Ratanpura, Tajganj, Industrial estate, Balkeshwar and Itma-ud- daulla exceeded the PL.

• Some bacterial contamination at few locations during PMseason. Three samples exceeded the DL i.e. Nil. However, during post-monsoon season no sample has indicated any sign of bacterial contamination;• The pre-monsoon showed bacterial contamination (9 & 23MPN/100 ml) at Nai Ki Mandi, Naulakha and Tajganj;• Inadequate maintenance of hand pump, improper sanitation andunhygienic conditions around the structure may be responsible for bacterial contamination during the pre-monsoon season.

• Some bacterial contamination at few locations during Pre-monsoon season. four samples exceeded the PL i.e. 10MPN/100ml. However, during post-monsoon season no sample has indicated any sign of bacterial contamination;• The pre-monsoon showed bacterial contamination (23MPN/100 ml) at Nai Ki Mandi, Naulakha, Tajganj and Industrial estate; In-adequate maintenance of hand pump, improper sanitation and unhygienic conditions around the structure may be responsible for bacterial contamination during the pre-monsoon season.

• There was no seasonal variation at almost all the locations.However, the value of alkalinity exceeded the desirable limit in68% and 40% during pre and post-monsoon seasons respectively.• For both the monitoring rounds the HP monitored at Sikandra,Khandari, Lohamandi, Sultanpura, Idgah Colony, New AgraColony, Rajamandi, Rakabganj, Namner, Bundu Katra, Dayalbagh, Mantola, Chilgarh, Baluganj, Naulakha, Ratanpura, Tajganj, Industrial Estate, Balkeshwar and Itma-Ud-Daulla are exceed the DL for drinking purpose..

• All the samples are well within the desirable limit.

Observations

• It is evident from the results that none of the sample fallwithin the DL during pre-monsoon season and only 28%samples fall within the permissible limit (PL);• In both the rounds of monitoring high concentration of ironobserved in most of the samples and violating drinking water standards.

• It is evident from the results only 40% and 56% of samplesfall within the PL during pre and post monsoon seasons respectively;• In both the rounds of monitoring, a high (<50 µg/l}concentration of lead observed in 13 locations and violating the drinking water standards.

• It is evident from the results 72% fall within the PL during preand post monsoon seasons;• In both the rounds of monitoring, a high (<300 µg/l}concentration of Mn observed at Sultanpura and Industrial estate during pre-monsoon and Sultanpura, Namner and Industrial estate during post-monsoon and violating thedrinkingwater standards.

• It is evident from the results 84% fall below the DL duringpre and post monsoon seasons;• In both the rounds of monitoring, a high (<50 µg/l}concentration of Cu observed at Shah ganj, Sultanpura, New agra colony, Raja mandi and Industrial estate during pre andpost monsoon seasons.

• 60% of the samples are found within the PL during Pre-monsoon and 70% are fall within the PL during post monsoon seasons;• In both the rounds of monitoring, a high (<10 µg/l}concentration of Cd was observed at Khandari, Shah ganj, Sultanpura, Idgah Colony, Rakabganj, Namner, Bundu Katra, Bauganj, Tajganj, Balkeshwar during pre and post monsoon seasons.

• All the samples fall well within the DL of drinking water;

• In almost all the samples, the WHO guideline value of Nicrosses the drinking water limit;• In both the rounds of monitoring, a high (20-40 µg/l)concentration of Ni was observed at 16 locations during pre and post monsoon seasons.

• The concentration of Zn in groundwater samples is within thestipulated standards.

Observations

-

N o t e : R a n g e o f S t a n d a r d s ( B I S ) i n d i c a t e d D e s i r a b l e t o P e r m i s s i b l e l im i t w h i l e W H O g u i d e l i n e c o n s i d e r e d w h e r e v e r B I S s t a n d a r d s n o t p r e s c r i b e d . T h e a b b r e v i a t i on i n d i c a t e d a b o v e a s ‘ D L ’ = D e s i r a b l e L i m i t ; ‘ P L ’ = P e r m i s s i b l e L i m i t ; ‘ H P = H a n d p u m p ; ‘ T W ’ =

• The concentration of ∝-BHC were detected in eight samplesbut well within the WHO limit except at Mantola i.e. 1.15µg/l• The concentration of Endosulphan were detected in fourteensamples may be harmful for the drinking purpose.

• The concentration of Methoxychlor was detected in twosamples but well within the WHO guideline value.

• The concentrations of DDT were not detected in any of thegroundwater samples.

• The concentrations of ∝-HCH were not detected in any ofthe groundwater samples.

• No samples traceable for Melathion.

• No samples traceable for Methyl parathion.

• No samples traceable for Chloropyriphos.

Table2: Groundwater quality Observation and % sample violation with respect to drinking water standards in Meerut Metropolitan City

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Parame- ters (All are in mg/L)



Stds. BIS/ WHO % Sample Compliance/ violation

pH value 6.7-7.4 6.65-7.57 6.5-8.5 None


98-239 86-236 300-600 None

Chloride(as Cl)

3.7-59 3.4-57 250 -1000 No sample in the studyarea crosses the DL.


249-926 230-864 500-2000 60% were found withinthe DL while 40% were found above the DL but within the PL.Calcium

(asCa)23-58 22-67 75-200 None

Sulphate as(SO4

10-150 9-140 200 -400 None

Nitrate(asNO3 )

0.44-209 0.2-168 45-100 72% samples showsless than DL while18% crosses the DL and 14% crosses the PL.

Fluoride(as F)

0.2-1.2 0.2-1.3 1.0-1.5 4%Sample Crosses thePL while 96% within the DL

Sodium(as Na)

22-128 21-130 200(WHO limit)

None

Potassium(as K)

5.1-174 4.8-170 NotPrescribed

None

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

1

2

3

Magnesium(as Mg)

8.3-25 8-23 30 - 100(BIS std.)

None

Phosphate(as PO4)

0.02-1.39 0.03-2.04 NotPrescribed

None

Conducti-vity (as EC) (µS/cm)

389-1447 360-1350 1000µSimens/cm(irrigation standard)

20% samples havingconductivity values above 1000


Nil Nil Should be nil None


9-210 Nil-4 5% samplesShould not be>10 in 100ml sample

2% sample crossesstandard

Alkalinity(as HCO3)

151-344 148-340 200-600 More than 50% of thesamples fall within the DL & 50% crosses the DL but are within the PL.Boron (as B) 0.09-0.73 0.08-0.73 1.0-5.0 None However 100%samples fall within theDL

HeavyMetals (All values are in µg/L)

Range (Pre- monsoon)


Stds. BIS/ WHO% Sample violation

Iron (as Fe) 112-3543 22-3205 300-1000 30% samples crossesthe PL 22% samples fall within the DL

Manganese(as Mn)

13-523 8-362 100-300 40% samples wellwithin the DL and 52% crosses the DL but within the PL, whileCopper

(as Cu)7-307 3-243 50-1500 88% fall below the

DL& remaining 12% crosses the DL but are within the PL during pre and post

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

N o t e : T h e a b b r e v i a t i o n i n d i c a t e d a b o v e a s ‘ D L ’ = D e s i r a b l e L i m i t ; ‘ P L ’ = P e r m i s s i b l e L i m i t ; ‘ H P = H a n d p u m p ; ‘ T W ’ = T u b e w e l l

Chromium(as Cr)


None

Zinc(as Zn )

32-2619 2-1084 5000-15000 None

Pesticides Range (Pre- monsoon)


Stds. BIS/WHO % Sample violation

Organo-chlorinated pesticidesAldrin NT NT 0.03 (WHO

guideline)-

∝-BHC 0.06-0.23 0.08-0.7 0.01 (WHOguideline)

None

Endosulphan

NT NT No guideline -

Methoxychlor

NT NT 30 (WHOguideline)

-

DDT NT NT 1.0 (WHOguideline)

-

∝-HCH NT NT No guideline -

OrganaPhosphorous pesticidesMalathion NT NT - -

Methylparathion

NT NT - -

Chloropyriphos

NT NT - -

NT=Not Traceable

Table2: Groundwater quality Observation and % sample violation with respect to drinking water standards in Meerut Metropolitan City

Observations

The pH values of all the samples are well within the limits prescribed by BIS and WHO,

The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that total hardness values are within the stipulated standard at all the locations;All the samples are found well within the DL in both the seasons. The values at all locations for both the rounds were within the stipulated standards.

The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that total dissolved solids are within the PL for drinking water standards; For both the monitoring rounds the HP/TW monitored, 40% were found above the DL but within the PL.

The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that calcium values are within the stipulated standard at all the locations.

The ranges in both the round indicated that the sulphate values are within the stipulated standard at all the locations.

The ranges in both the round indicated that the values are exceeded the stipulated standard at some locations;For both the monitoring rounds the higher level of nitrate monitored at Thapar Nagar, Muftiyan, Bharampuri and Islamabad were exceeded the maximum PL.The ranges in both the round indicated that the Fluoride values are well within the stipulated standard except at one location i.e. Sports Complex during both the seasons

In both the monitoring rounds the values of sodium content was found wellwithin the WHO standard for irrigation purpose;All the samples are well within the stipulated standards.

In both the monitoring rounds the values of potassium are exceeded thelimits of 10 mg/l of EEC standard at the place named Muftiyan.The main sources of potassium in ground water include rainwater, weathering of potash, silicate minerals, use of potash fertilizers and use of surface water for irrigation.

The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that Magnesium values are well within the stipulated standard at all the locations.

The concentration of Phosphate is low in both the rounds of monitoring except at one location named Muftiyan;The values are usually low in groundwater samples. However, the concentration exceeds 1 mg/l at Muftiyan

• The maximum conductivity value of 1447 and 1350 µS/cm were observed at Muftiyan during pre and post-monsoon seasons respectively.• For both the monitoring rounds the HP monitored at Muftiyan exceed the• All the samples found Faecal Coliform are well within the stipulated standards for drinking purposes.

• All the samples found Total Coliform are well within the stipulated standards for drinking purposes except few location.

• The value of alkalinity exceeded the desirable limit in 50% samples during pre and post-monsoon seasons respectively.• For both the monitoring rounds the HP/TW monitored, no sample crosses• All the samples are well within the desirable limit of drinking water.

Observations

• It is evident from the results that 22% samples fall within the DL and30% samples crosses the permissible limit (PL) While 48% between DL- PL• In both the rounds of monitoring, high concentration of iron was observed• It is revealed that the 92% samples fall within the PL during pre and postmonsoon seasons; while 8% above the permissible limit;• In both the rounds of monitoring, a high (376, 523 µg/l} concentration ofMn was observed at Kankar Khera and Vijay Nagar during pre and post- monsoon seasons and violating the drinking water standards.

• It is evident from the results 88% fall below the DL during pre and postmonsoon seasons;• In both the rounds of monitoring, a high (68, 186, and 307 µg/l}concentration of Cu was observed at Bharampuri, Vijay Nagar and Sports

N o t e : T h e a b b r e v i a t i o n i n d i c a t e d a b o v e a s ‘ D L ’ = D e s i r a b l e L i m i t ; ‘ P L ’ = P e r m i s s i b l e L i m i t ; ‘ H P = H a n d p u m p ; ‘ T W ’ = T u b e w e l l

• All the samples fall well within the DL of drinking water.

• The concentration of Zn in groundwater samples is within the stipulatedstandards.• All the samples were found within the desirable limit prescribed by BIS

Observations

• No aldrin concentration was found in groundwater samples of metro city.

• All the samples are well exceeding

• No endosulphan concentration was found in groundwater samples ofmetro city.

• No methoxychlor concentration was found in groundwater samples ofmetro city.

• No DDT concentration was found in groundwater samples of metro city.

• No ∝-HCH concentration was found in groundwater samples of metrocity.

• No samples traceable for Melathion.

• No samples traceable for Methyl parathion.

• No samples traceable for Chloropyriphos.

Table 3: Groundwater quality Observation and % Sample Compliance/violation with respect to drinking water standards in Lucknow Metropolitan City

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Sl. No.

Paramet- ers (all values are in mg/L)

Range- (Pre- monsoon)


Stds. BIS/ WHO % Sample compliance/violation

pH value 7.8-8.3 7.4-8.1 6.5-8.5 None

TotalHardness (as CaCO3)

140-760 120-612 300-600 97% within the DL while3% crosses the DL but are well within the PL.

Chloride(as Cl)

11-380 7.3-268 250 -1000 None, However 4% exceedsDL & 96% within DL


336 -1452

149 – 1259 500-2000 None, However 48% exceedthe DL while 52% within theDL

Calcium(as Ca)

14.4-67.3

21.0-96.18 75-200 None

Sulphate(as SO4)

6.2-76.2 5.84-98.3 200 - 400 None

Nitrate (asNO3)

1.0-38.2 0.25-16.0 45-100 None

Fluoride(as F)

0.70 –0.94

0.10-0.92 1.0-1.5 None

Sodium(as Na)

15.5-200 16.9-92.4 200 (No limitin BIS/WHO)

None

Potassium(as K)


The BIS has not included Kin drinking water standards. However the EEC has prescribed guideline level of10mg/l potassium during premonsoon.

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

Magnesium (as Mg)

23.0-108.0

22-100 30 - 100( BIS standard )

40% falls within the DL(BIS) & 40% crosses the DLbut are within the PL, while20% crosses the PL

Phosphate(as PO4)


None

Conducti-vity (asEC)µS/cm

250-1968

405-1910 1000 µS/cm(irrigation standard)

Almost all the sample havingconductivity value below1000 µS/cm during both the seasons but 20 % remain > PL and 80 % within the DL.


<2-40 <2-51 Should be nil


<2-40 <2-125 5% samplesShould not be>10 in 100ml sample.

15% exceeded the PL.

Alkalinity(as HCO3)

310-600 190-523 200-600 None

Boron as B ND ND 1.0-5.0 All the samples indicate thatthe ground water is safe for irrigation purpose only.

1

2

3

4

5

10

11

12

13

Note: The abbreviation indicated above as ‘DL’ = Desirable Limit; ‘PL’ = Permissible Limit; EEC is = European Union Standard, ‘HP = Hand pump; ‘TW’ = Tube well

Heavy Metals (μg/L)



Stds. BIS/WHO (mg/L)

% Sample compliance/violation

Iron as Fe 0.11-3.60

0.02-0.10 0.3-1.0 14% and 0% crosses PLduring pre and post monsoon respectively.

Manganeseas Mn

ND –0.09

ND-0.08 0.1-0.3 Only 1% crosses the PLduring pre and post monsoon seasons.

Copper asCu

0.01-0.04

ND – 0.04 5 - 25 Nil

Chromium(as Cr)

ND –0.03

ND 0.05 Norelaxation

Nil

Zinc (as Zn) 0.07 -0.98

0.01-0.84 5-15 Nil

Pesticides(µg/l)



Stds. BIS

% Sample violation

Organochlorinated pesticidesAldrin ND ND 0.03 (WHO

guideline)All the samples are well withinthe WHO limit except one.-

∝-BHC ND ND 1.0 (WHOguideline)

All the samples are well withinthe WHO limit except one.

Endosul-phan

ND ND No guideline All the samples are well withinthe WHO limit except one.

DDT ND ND 2.0 (WHOguideline)

All the samples are well withinthe WHO limit except one.

Table 3: Groundwater quality Observation and % Sample Compliance/violation with respect to drinking water standards in Lucknow Metropolitan City

Observations


• The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that totalhardness values are being exceeded w.r.t the stipulated standard at some location(s);• For both the monitoring rounds the HP monitored at Asharfabad,Shadatganj, Gomti Nagar& Rastogi ghat.were exceeded the PL.

• The values at all locations for both the rounds were within thestipulated standards;• The HP at Rastogi Nagar during pre monsoon exceeded thepermissible limit recommended by BIS/ WHO.

• The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that totaldissolved solids are being exceeded w.r..t the stipulated standard at some location(s);• For both the monitoring rounds the HP monitored atImambara,Charbag,, Darulshafa & Rastogi ghat exceeded the PLof 2000mg/l.

• The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate thatcalcium values are being exceeded w.r.t. the stipulated standard at some location(s);• For both the monitoring rounds the HP monitored does notexceeded the max. PL

• The ranges in both the round indicated that the values are notexceeded the stipulated standard .• For both the monitoring rounds the HP monitored does not wereexceeded the max. PL

• The ranges in both the round indicated that the value does notexceed the stipulated standard.

The ranges in both the round indicated that the values within in the stipulated standard.

• In both the monitoring rounds the values of sodium content waswithin the PL & DL

• In both the monitoring rounds the values of potassium does norexceeded the 10 mg/l of EEC standard.

• The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that Magnesiumvalues are being exceeded the Stipulated standard at some location(s);• For both the monitoring rounds the HP monitored at Imambara,Gomti Nagar, Indira NagarCharbag, & Rasto Ghat exceeded the max. PL

• Phophorous is essential plant nutrient and is extensively used infertilizers. Phosphate gets adsorbed or fixed as aluminum or iron phosphate in acidic soils or as calcium phosphate in alkaline or nutral soils, as a result the concentration of phosphate is usually low but various chemical processes in soil strata may induce the mobility of phosphate in subsoil and groundwater.

• There was no seasonal variation at almost all the locations.However, the value of conductivity exceeded the irrigation standards at most of the locations.• For both the monitoring rounds the HP monitored at Imambara,Gomti Nagar, Indira Nagar,, Charbagh, Darulshafa& Rstogi Ghat exceeded the PL.

• Some bacterial contamination at few locations during PMseason. Three samples (Amenabad & HP alomg the river Gomti exceeded the DL i.e. Nil. However, during post-monsoon season no sample has indicated any sign of bacterial contamination;• The pre-monsoon showed bacterial contamination (2 & 40MPN/100 ml) at Amenabad & HP along the River Gomti;whereas during post monsoon it was <2 to 51• Iinadequate maintenance of hand pump, improper sanitation and unhygienic conditions around the structure may be responsiblefor bacterial contamination during the pre-monsoon season andPost monsson. • The river water itself containing average of 175000 MPN/100 mlwhich may get percolate into the ground water sources along theRiver Gomti,

• Some bacterial contamination at few locations during PMseason. Three samples (Amenabad & HP along the river Gomti exceeded the DL i.e. Nil. However, during post-monsoon season no sample has indicated any sign of bacterial contamination;• The pre-monsoon showed bacterial contamination (2 & 100MPN/100 ml) at Amenabad & HP along the River Gomti;whereas during post monsoon it was <2 to 125• Iinadequate maintenance of hand pump, improper sanitation andunhygienic conditions around the structure may be responsible for bacterial contamination during the pre-monsoon season and Post monsoon.The river water itself containing average of 175000 MPN/100 mlwhich may get percolate into the ground water sources along the RiverGomti.

• There was no seasonal variation at almost all the locations. All thevalues were within the permissible & Desirable limits.

• All the samples are well within the desirable limit.


Observations

• It is evident from the results that none of the sample fall within theDL during pre-monsoon season and only 14% and 0% samples fall crosses the permissible limit (PL)in pre monsoon & post monsoon respectively• In both the rounds of monitoring high concentration of ironobserved in most of the samples during pre monsoon and violating permissible limits of drinking water standards.

• It is evident from the results 1% fall more then the PL during preand post monsoon seasons;

• It is evident from the all the results falls well below the permissiblelimits during pre and post monsoon seasons;

• All the samples fall well within the PL of drinking water;


Observations

• The concentrations of Aldrin were not detected in any of thegroundwater samples.

• The concentrations of BHEC were not detected in any of thegroundwater samples.

• The concentrations of Endosulphan were not detected in any of thegroundwater samples.


Table 4: Groundwater quality Observation and % Sample Compliance/violation with respect to drinking water standards in Ludhiana Metropolitan city

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Sl. No.

Paramet- ers (All values are in mg/L)

Range- (Pre- monsoon)


Stds. BIS/ WHO

% Sample compliance/violation

pH value 7.1-7.6 7.2-7.6 6.5-8.5 None

TotalHardness(asCaCO3)

148-296 144-288 300-600 None

Chloride(as Cl)

12-65 11.5 - 63 250 -1000 None


322 -498 331 – 523 500-2000 None

Calcium(as Ca)

28.9-54 30.5-52.4 75-200 None

Sulphate(as SO4)

16.8-60.5 14.1-55.1 200 - 400 None

Nitrate (asNO3)

4.27-30.6 4.10-28.21 45-100 None

Fluoride(as F)

0.71– 0.92 0.70-0.86 1.0-1.5 None

Sodium (asNa)

29.5-78 35-81 200 (Nolimit inBIS/WHO)

None

Potassium(as K)

2.5-15 3.1-17.3 No limit inBIS/WHO

EEC has prescribedguideline level of 10 mg/l potassium during pre- monsoon.

Magnesium (as Mg)

19.0-32.5 19.8-33.4 30 - 100( BISstandard )

None

Phosphate(as PO4)


None

13

14

15

16

17

1

2

3

4

Conducti-vity (asEC)µS/cm

439-1164 450-1178 1000 µS/cm(irrigation standard)

Almost all the samplehaving conductivity value below 1000 µS/cm duringboth the seasons but 4 %remain > PL and 96 %within the DL.


<2-<2 <2-<2 Should be nil


<2-4 <2-<2 5% samplesShould not be >10 in100ml sample.

None

Alkalinity(as HCO3)

236-372 244-380 200-600 None

Boron as B ND ND 1.0-5.0 All the samples indicatethat the ground water is safe for irrigation purpose only.

Heavy Metals(mg/L)



Stds. BIS/WHO (μg/L)

% Sample Compliance/violation

Iron as Fe 0.04-0.13 0.04-0.11 0.3-1.0 0% crosses PL during preand post monsoon respectively.

Magnesiumas Mn

19-32.5 19.8-33.4 30 -100 Only 21% crosses the PLduring pre and post monsoon seasons.

Copper asCu

ND-.02 ND – 0.03 5 - 25 Nil

Chromium+as Cr

ND – 0.03 ND 0.05 Norelaxation

Nil

5

6

7

8

9


Zinc as Zn 0.07 -0.98 0.01-0.84 5-15 Nil

Pesticides(µg/l)

Range(Pre- Monsoon)

Range(Post- Monsoon)

Stds. BIS % SampleCompliance/violation

Organochlorinated pesticidesAldrin ND ND 0.03 (WHO

guideline)All the samples arewell within the WHOlimit except one.-

∝-BHC ND ND 1.0 (WHOguideline)

All the samples arewell within the WHOlimit except one.

Endosul-phan

ND ND No guideline All the samples arewell within the WHOlimit except one.

DDT ND ND 2.0 (WHOguideline)

All the samples arewell within the WHOlimit except one.

Table 4: Groundwater quality Observation and % Sample Compliance/violation with respect to drinking water standards in Ludhiana Metropolitan city

Observations


• The Total Hardness values are well within the limit of varioususes

• The Chloride values are well within the limit of various uses

• The Total Dissolved Solids values are well within the limit ofvarious uses

• The Calcium values are well within the limit of various uses

• The Sulphate values are well within the limit of various uses

• The Nitrate values are well within the limit of various uses

• The Fluoride values are well within the limit of various uses

• The Sodium values are well within the limit of various uses

• In both the monitoring rounds the values of potassium exceeded the10 mg/l of EEC standard at Kidwai Nagae, Sardar Nagar, BhaiR.S.Nagar, Shahi Mod.• The main sources of potassium in ground water include rainwater,weathering of potash, silicate minerals, use of potash fertilizers and use of surface water for irrigation.

• The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that Magnesiumvalues are within the Stipulated standard at all the location(s);• For both the monitoring rounds the HP monitored atGuru R.D.ParkChowk,Fatehgarh, Sabzimandi, K.M.Singh, Langer Hall Daba andModel Town Mkt and Shahi Mhd. Exceeded the max. PL

• Phosphorous is essential plant nutrient and is extensively used infertilizers. Phosphate gets adsorbed or fixed as aluminum or iron phosphate in acidic soils or as calcium phosphate in alkaline or nutral soils, as a result the concentration of phosphate is usually low but various chemical processes in soil strata may induce the mobility of phosphate in subsoil and groundwater.

• There was no seasonal variation at almost all the locations.However, the value of conductivity exceeded the irrigation standards at most of the locations.• For both the monitoring rounds the HP monitored at Char AcreColony. 2.5 No. Police Post Bhai R.S. Nagar, Gurudev Nagar,Model Town MktShahi Moh, Kitchlu Nagar Tajpur Road & Humbra Road exceeded the PL.

• All the values are well within the permissible limits.

• All the values are well within the permissible limits

• There was no seasonal variation at almost all the locations.However, the value of alkalinity exceeded the permissible limit in58% and 58% during pre and post-monsoon seasons respectively.• For both the monitoring rounds the HP monitored at MIG Sector32A, Sherpur, Kailash Nagar, Kidwai Nager , GuruA.D. Park C.Chowk, Industrial Area-A, Narinder Nagar, Janta Nagar, Industrial Area-B, Darresi, Fatehgarh, Sabzimandi, N.Shivpuri,Panjabibagh, Gagan D. Colony, Janta Colony, Sardar NagarK.M.Singh and Langar Hall Daba. are exceed the PL for drinking purpose whereas all the values well within the desirable limits..

• All the samples are well within the Permissible & desirable limit.

Observations

• It is evident from the results that none of the sample fall within thePL during pre-monsoon season & post monsoon respectively• In both the rounds of monitoring high concentration of ironobserved in most of the samples during pre monsoon and violating permissible limits of drinking water standards.

• It is evident from the results 21% fall more then the PL during preand post monsoon seasons;

• It is evident from the all the results falls well below thepermissible limits during pre and post monsoon seasons;

• All the samples fall well within the PL of drinking water;



Observations

• The concentrations of Aldrin were not detected in any of thegroundwater samples.

• The concentrations of BHEC were not detected in any of thegroundwater samples.

• The concentrations of Endosulphan were not detected in any ofthe groundwater samples.


Table 5: Groundwater quality Observation and % sample violation against drinking water standards in Coimbatore Metropolitan City

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Parame- ters (All values in mg/L)



Stds. BIS/ WHO % Sample Compliance/violation

pH value 7.08-7.68

7.25-7.81 6.5-8.5 None

Conducti-vity (EC)µS/cm

532-7720


92% samples havingconductivity values above1000 µSimens/cm during both the seasons.


340-4941

326-4410 500-2000 33% were found above thePL and 56% were found above the DL but within the PL and 6% within the DL in both the seasons.

Chloride (asCl)

28-2030 25-1878 250 -1000 18% exceed the maximumPL and 28% exceeds the DL but are within the PL and 54% fall within the DL during both the seasons.

Alkalinity(as HCO3)

122-671 142-586 200-600 2% samples exceededhowever 90% exceeded the DL while 8% fallwithin the DL

Sulphate (asSO4)

25-880 21-860 200 -400 30% of samples crossesthe permissible limit for drinking water and 50% fall within the desirable limit and 20% exceeds theDL but are within the PL.

Nitrate (asNO3)

8.8-212 4-197 45-100 28% samples crosses thePL and 38% samples crosses the DL but are within the PL and 34%Sample within DL duringboth the seasons.

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

Fluoride (asF)

0.21-1.8 0.21-1.75 1.0-1.5 4% crosses the PL duringpre and post-monsoon while 72% samples are within the DL and 24% exceeds the DL but are within the PL

Phosphate(as PO4)

0.04-0.09

0.02-0.06 - None

Calcium (asCa)

32-650 29-590 75-200 36% samples exceeds thePL while 44% exceeds the DL and 20 % fall within the DL

Magnesiumas Mg

12-420 13-345 30-100(BIS Standard)

22% samples exceed thePL while 64% exceeds theDL but within the PL and14 % fall within the DL in both the seasons.

TotalHardness (asCaCO3)

129-3349

126-2891 300 –600 40% samples exceeds themaximum PL while 40 % exceeds the DL but well within the PL and 20% within the DL.

Sodium(as Na)

42-1074 41-1024 200 (WHO) Sodium Content violatedWHO but than at some locations

Potassium(as K)

3.8-87 3.9-78 - (10-NR) Potassium Contentviolated EEC standard at some location

Boron(as B)

ND ND 1.0-5.0 None


Nil Nil Should be nil None


Nil Nil 5% samplesShould not be>10 in 100ml sam.

None

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Heavy Metals (µg/L)


Range (Post- Monsoon) Stds. BIS/WHO % Sample compliance/

violation

Iron (as Fe) 90-1260 71-980 300-1000 2% samples exceed the PLWhile 70% within the DL and 28% above the DL but well within the PL.

Manganese(as Mn)

9-59 7-53 100-300 None

Copper(as Cu)

1-13 1-11 50-1500 None

Chromium(as Cr)


4% samples exceed the PLwhile 40% crosses DL &56% within DL.

Zinc(as Zn)

10-2100 7-1770 5000-15000 None

Pesticides

Range (Pre- monsoo n)


Stds. BIS % Sample Compliance/violation

Organo-chlorinated pesticides (All Values are in µg/L)Aldrin NT NT 0.03 (WHO

guideline)None

∝-BHC NT NT 0.01 (WHOguideline)

None

β-BHC NT NT 0.01 (WHOguideline)

None

γ-BHC(µg/l)

NT NT 0.01 (WHOguideline)

None

δ-BHC 0.3-1.1 0.3-0.7 0.01(WHOguideline)

4% sample crosses theWHO limit during both seasons.

Endosulphan NT NT (No guideline) None

Methoxychlor


None

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

N o t e : T h e a b b r e v i a t i o n i n d i c a t e d a b o v e a s ‘ D L ’ = D e s i r a b l e L i mi t ; ‘ P L ’ = P e r m i s s i b l e L i m i t ; ‘ H P = H a n d p u m p ; T W ’ = T u b e w e l l , N T = N o t T r a c e a b l e

DDE NT NT (No guideline) None

DDD NT NT (No guideline) None

Organo-phosphorous pesticides (All Values are in µg/L)Methylparathion

NT NT (No guideline) None

Ethylparathion


Chloropyriphos


Famphur NT NT (No guideline) None

Ethion NT NT (No guideline) None

Thionazin NT NT (No guideline) None

Sulfotepp NT NT (No guideline) None

Phorate NT NT (No guideline) None

Dimethoate NT NT (No guideline) None

Disolphoton NT NT (No guideline) None

Table 5: Groundwater quality Observation and % sample violation against drinking water standards in Coimbatore Metropolitan City

Observations

• The pH values of all the samples are well within the limits prescribedby BIS and WHO

• The conductivity value exceeded the stipulated standard for irrigationin almost all the locations except at Puliyakulam andKavumdampalayam;• The maximum conductivity value of 7720 and 6890 µS/cm wereobserved at Irugur during pre and post-monsoon seasons respectively.

• The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that 32% samplesare above the PL for drinking water standards;• The maximum TDS values were observed at Ganapathi,Villankurichi, Singanannur, Ondipudur, Irugur, Souripalayam andVellalur above the PL during both the seasons.

• 54% samples in both the rounds are within the DL of 250 mg/l at alllocations, 28% are above the DL but are within the PL;• The maximum concentrations (1390, 1010, 2030, 1614 and 1810) ofchloride during pre-monsoon were observed at Ondipudur, Irugur (two locations), Souripalayam, Puliyakulam and Vellalur respectively;• The maximum concentrations (1152, 1878, 1399 and 1694) ofchloride during post-monsoon were observed at Ondipudur, Irugur, Puliyakulam and Souripalayam respectively.

• The value of alkalinity exceeded the desirable limit in 92% samplesduring pre and post-monsoon seasons respectively.• The high alkalinity values at few locations may be due to the actionof carbonates upon the basic materials in the soil. A high of 671mg/Lalkalinity was found at Velandipalayam.

• The ranges in both the rounds indicated that the Sulphate values areexceeding the DL of 200 mg/l in about 20% samples;• The maximum concentrations (800, 420, 450, 475, 880, 875, 450 and675 mg/l) of Sulphate during pre-monsoon were observed atGanapathi, Tewelamedu, Villankurichi, Ondipudur, Irugur (twolocations), Souripalayam and Vellalur respectively.• The maximum concentrations (645, 410, 860, 760 and 610 mg/l) ofSulphate during post-monsoon were observed at Ganapathi, Villankurichi, Ondipudur, Iruvur (two locations) and Vellalur respectively.

• The ranges in both the round indicated that the values are exceeded thestipulated standard at some locations;• For both the monitoring rounds the higher level of nitrate monitored atKrishnarayapuram, Villankurichi, Sitra (Kalapatti), Ondipudur andIrugur were exceeded the maximum PL.

• The ranges in both the round indicated that the Fluoride values areexceeded the PL at few locations while 72% samples fall within theDL;• For both the monitoring rounds the higher level of Fluoride monitoredat Irugur was exceeding the maximum PL.

• The concentration of Phosphate is low in both the rounds ofmonitoring during pre and post-monsoon seasons.

• The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that calcium valuesin 20% samples are within the stipulated standard of Desirable limit while 44% exceeds the desirable standard;• The higher concentration of Calcium at few locations indicates thatpresence of high inorganic salts (Carbonates, bicarbonates, Chlorides, Sulphates, Nitrates and Phosphates of Ca, Mg, Na, & K) in groundwater.

• The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that magnesiumvalues in 14% samples are within the stipulated standard of Desirable limit while 64% exceeds the desirable standard but within the Permissible Limit;• The higher concentration of Magnesium at few locations indicates thatpresence of high inorganic salts (Carbonates, bicarbonates, Chlorides, Sulphates, Nitrates and Phosphates of Ca, Mg, Na, & K) ingroundwater.

• The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that total hardnessvalues are exceeding the stipulated standard at all the locations;• In both the rounds of monitoring the hardness value exceeded the PL atfew locations during pre and post-monsoon seasons.

• In both the monitoring rounds the values of sodium content wasexceeding the limit for irrigation standards ground water with such high sodium concentrations is not suitable for irrigation purpose due to sodium sensitivity of crops / plants.

• The BIS has not included K in drinking water standards. Howeverthe EEC has prescribed guideline level of 10 mg/l of Potassium during pre-monsoon. The maximum concentration of Potassium was observed at several locations during both the rounds of monitoringand even indicating that water is not fit for irrigation purposes.

• All the samples are not detected Boron content

• All the samples found faecal Coliform Contamination

All the samples are not with contaminated Faecal Coliform

Observations

• It is evident from the results that 70% samples fall within the DL28% during pre and post-monsoon seasons respectively;• For both the monitoring rounds the high concentration of Fe,observed at Velandipalayam during pre-monsoon season and was exceeding the maximum PL.

• It is found that all the samples are well within the desirable limit fordrinking purposes.

• All the samples in metropolitan city of Coimbatore with respect to Cuare well within the desirable limit for drinking purposes.

• It is revealed from the results that 96% samples fall within the PL.In both the rounds of monitoring the concentration of Cr exceeds the PL at Ganapathy (70 and 55 µg/l) and Ondipudur (70 and 54 µg/l) during pre and post-monsoon seasons respectively.

• All the samples in metropolitan city of Coimbatore with respect to Znare well within the desirable limit for drinking purposes.

Observations

• No aldrin concentration was found in groundwater samples ofCoimbatore metro city.

• No ∝-BHC concentration was found in groundwater samples ofCoimbatore metro city.

• No β-BHC concentration was found in groundwater samples ofCoimbatore metro city.

• No γ-BHC concentration was found in groundwater samples ofCoimbatore metro city.

• During pre-monsoon season it is observed that δ–BHC concentrationwas found exceeding the WHO limit which is unfit for drinking purposes at Bharathi Nagar of Coimbatore metropolitan city.

• No endosulphan concentration was found in groundwater samples ofCoimbatore metro city.

• No Methoxychlor concentration was found in groundwater samplesof Coimbatore metro city.

N o t e : T h e a b b r e v i a t i o n i n d i c a t e d a b o v e a s ‘ D L ’ = D e s i r a b l e L i mi t ; ‘ P L ’ = P e r m i s s i b l e L i m i t ; ‘ H P = H a n d p u m p ; T W ’ = T u b e

• No DDE concentration was found in groundwater samples ofCoimbatore metro city.

• No DDD concentration was found in groundwater samples ofCoimbatore metro city.

• No methylparathion concentration was found in groundwatersamples of Coimbatore metro city.

• No ethylparathion concentration was found in groundwater samplesof Coimbatore metro city.

• No Chloropyriphos concentration was found in groundwater samplesof Coimbatore metro city.

• No famphur concentration was found in groundwater samples ofCoimbatore metro city.

• No ethion concentration was found in groundwater samples ofCoimbatore metro city.

• No thionazin concentration was found in groundwater samples ofCoimbatore metro city.

• No sulfotepp concentration was found in groundwater samples ofCoimbatore metro city.

• No phorate concentration was found in groundwater samples ofCoimbatore metro city.

• No dimethonate concentration was found in groundwater samples ofCoimbatore metro city.

• No disolphoton concentration was found in groundwater samples ofCoimbatore metro city.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Table 6: Groundwater quality Observation and % sample violation with respect to drinking water standards in Chennai Metropolitan city

Parame-ters (All values are in mg/L)



Stds. BIS/ WHO

% SampleCompliance/violation

pH value 6.3-8.2 6.1-8.1 6.5-8.5 None


392-24860


96% and 92% sampleshaving conductivity values above 1000 µSimens/cm during pre and post- monsoon seasons respectively.


251-15910

234-3355 500-2000 22% crosses the PL while74% were found above theDL but within PL during both the seasons;

Chloride(as Cl)

16-7358 15-1022 250 -1000 6% exceeds the PL and48% exceed the DL but are within the PL while 46% within the DL during both the seasons.

Alkalinity(as HCO3)

134-1025

135-686 200-600 26% exceed the PL in boththe seasons and 70% fall above the DL but within the PL. while 4% within the DL

Sulphate(as SO4)

25-1850 21-742 200 -400 6% of samples crosses thePL and 80% fall within theDL while 14% exceeds the DL but are within the PLduring both the seasons.

Nitrate(as NO3)

0.1-27 0.1-29 45-100 None

Fluoride(as F)

0.17-4.5 0.11-3.5 1.0-1.5 14% crosses the PL while80% samples are within the DL and 6% exceed the DL but are within the PL

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

Phosphate(as PO4)

0.06-1.38

0.02-1.12 - None

Calcium(as Ca)

12-229 8.4-196 75-200 4% samples crosses the PLwhile 52% exceeds the DL and 44 % fall within the DL

Magnesium(as Mg)

1.9-107 3.1-76 30 - 100( BISstandard )

4% samples crosses the PLduring pre-monsoon season while 44% exceeds the DL but are within the PL and 54 % fall within the DL during both the seasons.


38-941 34-802 300 –600 16% samples crosses themaximum PL while 38 % exceeds the DL but well within the PL and 46% within the DL during both the seasons.

Sodium(as Na)

37-5500 31-900 200 (Nolimit by BIS and WHO for drinking purposes)

60% samples exceed themaximum PL while 40% within the DL during both the seasons.

Potassium(as K)

2.1-71 1.1-58 NotPrescribed However EEC

72% samples exceed theirrigation standard (EEC)during both the seasons.

Boron (as B) ND ND 1.0-5.0 None


Nil Nil Should benil

None


2-14 Nil 5% samplesShould not be >10 in100ml sample.

4% samples exceeded theprescribed MPN (10 per100ml sample).

Heavy Metals (µg/L)



Stds. BIS/WHO

% Sample violation

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Iron (as Fe) 19-16428

13-15556 300-1000 During both the seasons,32% and 46 % samples exceeded the PL and DL respectively.

Manganese(as Mn)

4-1414 5-1237 100-300 42% samples crosses thePL during pre and post monsoon seasons, while6% above the DL but within the PL and 52% within the DL in bothseasons

Copper (asCu)

2-111 3-97 50-1500 None, However 4% abovethe DL &96% within theDL

Chromium(as Cr)


None

Zinc (as Zn) 2-7020 5-6999 5000-15000 None

Pesticides



Stds. BIS % SampleCompliance/violation

Organo-chlorinated pesticides (All values are in µg/L)Aldrin 6.67-

13.334.76-11.34 0.03 (WHO

guideline)20% sample exceeds theWHO limit

∝-BHC NT-9.38 NT-7.56 0.01 (WHOguideline)

4% samples exceeding theWHO guideline in both the seasons

β-BHC NT NT 0.01 (WHOguideline)

None

γ-BHC NT NT 0.01 (WHOguideline)

None

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

N o t e : T h e a b b r e v i a t i o n i n d i c a t e d a b o v e a s ‘ D L ’ = D e s i r a b l e L i mi t ; ‘ P L ’ = P e r m i s s i b l e L i m i t ; ‘ H P = H a n d p u m p ; T W ’ = T u b e w e l l , N T = N o t T r a c e a b l e

δ-BHC 10.1-31.0

7.76-25.45 0.01(WHOguideline)

8% sample crosses the WHOlimit during pre-& post monsoon seasons.

Endosul-phan

2.5-20.76

NT-17.67 (Noguideline)

8% Samples were detectedEndosulphen

Methoxy-chlor


None

DDE NT NT (Noguideline)

None

DDD(µg/l)

NT-12 NT-12 (Noguideline)

4% samples found the tracesof DDD

Organo-phosphorous pesticides (All values are in µg/l)Methylparathion

NT NT (Noguideline)

None

Ethylparathion

NT NT (Noguideline)

None

Chloropy-riphos

NT NT (Noguideline)

None

Famphur NT NT (Noguideline)

None

Ethion NT NT (Noguideline)

None

Thionazin NT NT (Noguideline)

None

Sulfotepp NT NT (Noguideline)

None

Phorate NT NT (Noguideline)

None

Dimethoanate

NT NT (Noguideline)

None

Disolphoton NT NT (Noguideline)

None

Table 6: Groundwater quality Observation and % sample violation with respect to drinking water standards in Chennai

Observations

• The pH values of all the samples are well within the limits prescribed byBIS and WHO.

• The conductivity value exceeded the stipulated standard for irrigation inalmost all the locations except at Besant Nagar and Ayanavaram;• The maximum conductivity value of 24860 and 5242 µS/cm wereobserved at Taramani and Erankancheri during pre and post-monsoon seasons respectively.

• The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that 76% samples areabove the DL for drinking water standards;• The maximum TDS values (15910 and 3355 mg/l) were observed atTaramani and Erankancheri during pre and post-monsoon seasons respectively;• During both the rounds the TDS values (> 2000 mg/l) were observed at11 locations.

• 94% samples in both the rounds are within the PL of 250 mg/l at alllocations, 48% are above the DL but are within the PL;• The maximum concentrations (7358 and 1026 mg/l) of chloride duringpre-monsoon were observed at Taramani and Erankancheri respectively;• The maximum concentrations (1022 mg/l) of chloride during post-monsoon was observed at Taramani (location no.3).

• The value of alkalinity exceeded the desirable limit in 96% samplesduring both the seasons;• The high alkalinity values at few locations may be due to the action ofcarbonates upon the basic materials in the soil. A high value of 1025,686 mg/l alkalinity was found at Taramani and Roypet during pre and post-monsoon seasons respectively.

• The ranges in both the rounds indicated that the Sulphate values areexceeding the DL of 200 mg/l in about 14% samples;• The maximum concentrations (1850 and 825 mg/l) of Sulphate duringpre-monsoon were observed at Taramani and Irankancheri respectively.• The maximum concentration (742 mg/l) of Sulphate during post-monsoon season was observed at Irankancheri.

• The ranges in both the round indicated that the values are within thestipulated standard i.e. within the desirable limit of 45 mg/l.

• The ranges in both the round indicated that the Fluoride values areexceeded the PL at few locations while 80% samples fall within the DL;• For both the monitoring rounds the higher level of Fluoride monitored atTaramani, Villivakkam and Perambur were exceeding the maximum PL.

• The concentration of Phosphate is high (>1 mg/l) at some of thelocations in both the rounds of monitoring during pre and post-monsoon seasons.

• The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that calcium values in44% samples are within the stipulated standard of Desirable limit while52% exceeds the desirable standard but within the Permissible Limit;• The higher concentration of Calcium at few locations indicates thatpresence of high inorganic salts (Carbonates, bicarbonates, Chlorides, Sulphates, Nitrates and Phosphates of Ca, Mg, Na, & K) in groundwater.

• The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that magnesiumvalues in 54% samples are within the stipulated standard of Desirable limit while 44% exceeds the desirable standard but within the Permissible Limit;• The higher concentration of Magnesium (107 mg/l) found atKurukumpeta.

• The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that total hardnessvalues are exceeding the stipulated standard at some of the locations;• In both the rounds of monitoring the hardness value exceeded the PL atfew locations during pre and post-monsoon seasons.

• In both the monitoring rounds the values of sodium content wasexceeding the irrigation standard for groundwater. Such high sodium concentrations is not suitable for irrigation purpose due to sodium sensitivity of crops / plants.

• The BIS has not included K in drinking water standards. However theEEC has prescribed guideline level of 10 mg/l of Potassium during pre- monsoon. The maximum concentration of Potassium was observed at several locations during both the rounds of monitoring and even indicating that water is not fit for irrigation purposes.

• All the samples are well within the desirable limit of drinking water.

• No Contamination was found for and Faecal Coliform within thestipulated standards for drinking purposes.

• All the samples found Total Coliform are well within the stipulatedstandards except one location (Valacheri) for drinking purposes during pre-monsoon season.

Observations

• It is evident from the results that 32% and 46% samples exceeded thePL & DL during pre and post-monsoon seasons respectively;• During pre-monsoon season, a high concentration (7605, 9648, &16428 µg/l) of Fe was observed at Vadapalani, Washermanpet, & K.K. Nagar respectively; while during post- monsoon a high concentration (7200, 9446, & 15556 µg/l) of Fe was observed at Vadapalani, Washermanpet, & K.K. Nagar respectively and was exceeding the maximum PL.

• It is found that 52% samples fall within the DL while 6% samplesbetween the DL and Pl whereas 42 % samples shown very high concentrations of Mn and exceeding the permissible limit for drinking purposes;• The maximum concentrations (1414, 1164, and 1075 µg/l) ofManganese during pre-monsoon were observed at Vadapalani, K.K. Nagar and Kurukumpeta respectively;• The maximum concentrations (1237, 1123, & 956 µg/l) of Manganesewere observed on the same locations during post-monsoon season.

• All the samples in metropolitan city of Chennai with respect to Cu arewell within the Permissible limit for drinking purposes only 4%exceeds Desirable limit

• All the samples in metropolitan city of Chennai with respect to Cr arewell within the desirable limit for drinking purposes.• It is obvious from the results that the groundwater of the Chennaimetropolitan city does not pose any hazards to humans as the level observed was below detection limit.

• All the samples in metropolitan city of Chennai with respect to Znare well within the desirable limit for drinking purposes.

Observations

• The concentration of Aldrin was found in both the seasons ofgroundwater samples (20% samples) and exceeding the WHO limit for drinking purposes in Chennai metro city. These locations are Tiruvanniyar (6.67µg/l), Sembiyam (10.5µg/l), Erankancheri (13.33µg/l), Stanley Nagar (12.0µg/l), Kurukumpeta (10.1µg/l) during pre monsoon and Tiruvanniyar (4.76µg/l), Sembiyam (7.67µg/l), Erankancheri (11.34µg/l), Stanley Nagar (9.87µg/l), and Kurukumpeta (8.98µg/l) during post monsoon season.

• The concentration of ∝-BHC (9.38 & 7.56 µg/l) was found only atTriplicane location during pre and post monsoon season respectively in groundwater samples of Chennai metro city.

• No β-BHC concentration was found in groundwater samples ofChennai metro city.

• No γ-BHC concentration was found in groundwater samples ofChennai metro city.


• During pre-monsoon season it is observed that δ–BHC concentration(10.1 & 31.0µg/l) was found exceeding the WHO limit which is unfit for drinking purposes at Tiruvanniyur and Perumbur respectively,while post monsoon season also indicated the concentration of δ–BHC of 7.76 & 25.45 µg/l respectively on the same locations of chennai Metropolitan city.

• The concentration (25.76, 2.5 & 2.5 µg/l such as Besant Nagar,Kurukumpeta, and Tondiyarpet respectively) of Endosulphan was observed at three locations during pre monsoon season & 17.67µg/l at Besant Nagar (one location) during post monsoon seasons in groundwater samples of Chennai metro city.

• No Methoxychlor concentration was found in groundwater samplesof Chennai metro city.

• No DDE concentration was found in groundwater samples ofChennai metro city.

• The DDD concentration (12.0 µg/l) was found in both the seasons atonly one location named Park Town Area in groundwater samples ofChennai metro city.

• No methylparathion concentration was found in groundwatersamples of Chennai metro city.

• No ethylparathion concentration was found in groundwater samplesof Chennai metro city.

• No Chloropyriphos concentration was found in groundwater samplesof Chennai metro city.

• No famphur concentration was found in groundwater samples ofChennai metro city.

• No ethion concentration was found in groundwater samples ofChennai metro city.

• No thionazin concentration was found in groundwater samples ofChennai metro city.

• No sulfotepp concentration was found in groundwater samples ofChennai metro city.

• No phorate concentration was found in groundwater samples ofChennai metro city.

• No dimethonate concentration was found in groundwater samples ofChennai metro city.

• No disolphoton concentration was found in groundwater samples ofChennai metro city.

Table 7 : Groundwater quality Observation and % sample compliance/ violation with respect to drinking water standards in Madurai Metropolitan City

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Parame- ters (All values in mg/L)



Stds. BIS/ WHO


pH value 7.0-7.8 7.3-7.8 6.5-8.5 No Guideline in BIS/WHO,However


1170-8880


100% samples havingconductivity values above1000 µSimens/cm during seasons

Totaldissolved solids (TDS)

749-5683

666-4909 500-2000 10% samples were foundabove the PL during both the seasons; while 90% values were found above the DL but within the PL during both the seasons.

Chloride(as Cl)

86-2220 71-1984 250 -1000 4% exceeds the PL and 22%exceed the DL but are within the PL while 74% within the DL during both the seasons.

Alkalinity(as HCO3)

342-1025

301-946 200-600 50% exceeded the PL in boththe seasons and 50% fall above the DL but within the PL. while none of the samples found within the DL during both the seasons.

Sulphate(as SO4)

14-775 11-621 200 –400 4% of samples cross thepermissible limit for drinking water and 94% fall withinthe desirable limit whereas2% exceeds the DL but are within the PL during both the seasons.

Nitrate(as NO3)

0.1-31 2.1-38 45-100 None

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

Fluoride(as F)

0.29-3.7 0.31-3.12 1.0-1.5 8% crosses the PL during preand post-monsoon while62% samples are within the DL and 30% exceeds the DL but are within the PL

Phosphate(as PO4)

0.04-0.89

0.04-0.55 - None

Calcium(as Ca)

32-274 27-214 75-200 4% samples exceeds the PLwhile 70% exceeds the DLand 26% fall within the DL

Magnesium (as Mg)

15-267 17-187 30 - 100(BISstandard)

12% samples exceeds the PLduring both the season while72% exceeds the DL but are within the PL and 16 % fall within the DL during both the seasons.

TotalHardness (as CaCO3)

235-1782

177-1303 300 –600 32% samples exceeds themaximum PL while 56 % exceeds the DL but well within the PL and 12% within the DL during both the seasons.

Sodium(as Na)

93-1244 81-1065 200 (Nolimit by BIS and WHO for drinking purposes)

26% samples exceed themaximum Limit of 200 mg/l during both the seasons.

Potassium(as K)

2.1-95 2.1-65 - (No limitby BIS and WHO for drinking purposes)


Boron (asB)

ND ND 1.0-5.0 None

FaecalColiform MPN/100 ml


None

17

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

TotalColiform MPN/100 ml

Nil Nil 5% samplesShould not be >10 in100ml

None

Heavy Metals (μg/L)



Stds. BIS/WHO


Iron (as Fe) 39-1059 37-964 300-1000 4% sample crosses the PLand 32% fall between the DL and PL in both the seasons while 64% within the DL

Manganese(as Mn)

3-917 2-844 100-300 16% samples exceed the PLduring pre and post monsoon seasons, while 34% above the DL but within the PL and50% within the DL in both seasons

Copper(as Cu)

3-41 2-33 50-1500 None

Chromium(as Cr)


None

Zinc(as Zn)

11-1840 8-1823 5000-15000 None

Organo-chlorinated pesticidesAldrin NT-2.1 NT-1.71 0.03 (WHO


∝-BHC NT-0.5 NT-0.3 0.01 (WHOguideline)

8% Samples exeeds theWHO limit

β-BHC NT-1.6 NT-1.42 0.01 (WHOguideline)

4% sample exceeds theWHO limit

γ-BHC NT-2.1 NT-1.62 0.01 (WHOguideline)


10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

N o t e : T h e a b b r e v i a t i o n i n d i c a t e d a b o v e a s ‘ D L ’ = D e s i r a b l e L i m i t ; ‘ P L ’ = P e r m i s s i b l e L i m i t ; E E C i s = E u r o p e a n U n i o n S t a n d a r d , ‘ H P = H a n d p u m p ; ‘ T W ’ = T u b e w e l l , N T = N o t T r a c e a b l e

δ-BHC NT-2.5 NT-2.16 0.01(WHOguideline)

8% sample crosses the WHOlimit during pre-& post monsoon seasons.

Endosul-phan

NT NT (Noguideline)

-

Methoxy-chlor


None

DDE NT NT (Noguideline)

None

DDD NT NT (Noguideline)

None

Organo-phosphorous pesticides (All values in µg/l)Methylparathion

NT NT (Noguideline)

None

Ethylparathion

NT NT (Noguideline)

None

Chloropy-riphos

NT NT (Noguideline)

None

Famphur NT NT (Noguideline)

None


None


None


None


None

Dimethoanate

NT NT (Noguideline)

None

Disolphoton

NT NT (Noguideline)

None

Table 7 : Groundwater quality Observation and % sample compliance/ violation with respect to drinking water standards in Madurai Metropolitan City

Observations

• The pH values of all the samples well within the stipulated standards

• The conductivity value exceeded the stipulated standard for irrigationin all the locations during pre and post monsoon seasons;• The maximum conductivity value of 8880 and 4030 µS/cm wereobserved at Aveniyapuram and K. K. Nagar during pre monsoon and7670 and 3600 at Aveniyapuram and Anuppanadi during post monsoon season respectively.

• The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that 10% samplesare above the PL for drinking water standards;• The maximum TDS values (5683 and 2579 mg/l) were observed atAveniyapuram and K. K. Nagar during pre monsoon and also High values of TDS (4909 and 2304 mg/l) were observed at Aveniyapuram and Anuppanadi during post monsoon respectively;• During both the rounds the TDS values (> 2000 mg/l) were observedat 05 locations.

• 74% samples in both the rounds are within the DL of 250 mg/l at alllocations, and 22% are above the DL but are within the PL while 4%above the PL;• The maximum concentrations (Pre monsoon 2220 and 756 mg/l) and(Post monsoon 1984 and 626 mg/l) of chloride were observed atAveniyapuram and K. K. Nagar respectively during both the seasons.

• The value of alkalinity exceeded the desirable limit in 100% samplesduring both the seasons;• The high alkalinity values at few locations may be due to the action ofcarbonates upon the basic materials in the soil. A high value of 1025 and 1000 mg/l alkalinity was found at Chokkalinga and Anuppanadi during pre-monsoon and 946 and 921 was found at Anuppanadi and Chokkalinga during post-monsoon seasons respectively.

• The ranges in both the rounds indicated that the Sulphate values are exceeding the PL of 400 mg/l in 4% samples while 94% fall within theDL of 200 mg/l and in about 2% samples within the DL and PL;• The maximum concentrations (775mg/l) of Sulphate during pre-monsoon was observed at Aveniyapuram location while maximum concentration (621 mg/l) of Sulphate during post-monsoon season was also observed at same location.


• The ranges in both the round indicated that the Fluoride values areexceeded the PL at few locations i.e. 8% while 62% samples fall within the DL and 30% exceeds the DL but are within the PL;• For both the monitoring rounds the higher level of Fluoride monitoredat TVS Nagar and Alwarpuram were exceeding the maximum PL i.e.3.7 and 2.6 mg/l respectively in pre monsoon and 3.12 and 2.32 in post monsoon respectively.

• The concentration of Phosphate was >1 mg/l at all the locations in boththe rounds of monitoring during pre and post-monsoon seasons.

• The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that calcium valuesin 26% samples are within the stipulated standard of Desirable limit while 70% exceeds the desirable standard but within the Permissible Limit while 4% exceeds the PL;• The higher concentration of Calcium at few locations indicates thatpresence of high inorganic salts (Carbonates, bicarbonates, Chlorides, Sulphates, Nitrates and Phosphates of Ca, Mg, Na, & K) in groundwater.

• The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that magnesiumvalues in 16% samples are within the stipulated standard of Desirable limit while 72% exceeds the desirable standard but within the Permissible Limit;• 12% exceeds the permissible limit in both the rounds. The higherconcentration of Magnesium (267 and 146 mg/l) was found atAveniyapuram and Anuppanadi in pre monsoon respectively while187 and 127 mg/l was found respectively during post monsoon.

• The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that total hardnessvalues (56% samples) are above the stipulated standard of desirable limit at some of the locations while values exceeding (32% samples > permissible limit) exceeded the PL at few locations during pre and post-monsoon seasons;• The max. Concentration of hardness value was found at Aveniyapuram(1782 & 1303 mg/l) during pre and post monsoon respectively.

• In both the monitoring rounds the values of sodium content wasexceeding the irrigation standard for groundwater. Such high sodium concentrations is not suitable for irrigation purpose due to sodium sensitivity of crops / plants;• The max. Concentration of Sodium (1244 & 1065 mg/l) was found atAveniyapuram during pre and post monsoons respectively.

• The BIS has not included K in drinking water standards. However theEEC has prescribed guideline level of 10 mg/l of Potassium during pre-monsoon. The maximum concentration of Potassium was observed at several locations during both the rounds of monitoring and even indicating that water is not fit for irrigation purposes.

• All the samples are well within the stipulated standard of drinkingwater.

• All the samples are well within the stipulated standards for drinkingpurposes.

• All the samples are well within the stipulated standards for drinkingpurposes

Observations

• It is evident from the results that 32% samples exceeded the DL butwithin the PL while 64% are within the DL and 4% exceeded the PLonly in Pre monsoon;• During pre-monsoon season, a high concentration (1059 & 1056µg/l) of Fe was observed at East Madurai and Alwarpuram respectively; while during post- monsoon a high concentration (964& 961µg/l) of Fe was observed on the same locations.

• It is found that 50% samples fall within the DL while 34% samplesbetween the DL and PL whereas 16% samples shown very high concentrations of Mn and exceeding the permissible limit for drinking purposes;• The maximum concentrations (917, 599 and 593 µg/l) of Manganeseduring pre-monsoon were observed at Madakulam, East Madurai andAlwarpuram respectively;• The maximum concentrations (844, 504 & 498 µg/l) of Manganesewere observed on the same locations during post-monsoon season.

• All the samples in metropolitan city of Madurai with respect to Cuare well within the desirable limit for drinking purposes.

• All the samples in metropolitan city of Madurai with respect to Cr arewell within the desirable limit for drinking purposes.

• All the samples in metropolitan city of Madurai with respect to Znare well within the desirable limit for drinking purposes.

• The concentration of Aldrin was found in both the seasons ofgroundwater samples (4% samples) and exceeding the WHO limit for drinking purposes in Madurai metropolitan city. The location is Muthupatti of Metro city.

• The concentration of ∝-BHC (0.5 & 0.5 µg/l) was found only at twolocations during pre monsoon season and (0.3 and 0.25 µg/l) during post monsoon respectively in groundwater samples of Maduraimetropolitan city.

• The concentration of β-BHC was found only at Muthupatti location ingroundwater samples of Madurai metropolitan city.

• The γ-BHC concentration was found in groundwater samples ofMadurai metro city.

N o t e : T h e a b b r e v i a t i o n i n d i c a t e d a b o v e a s ‘ D L ’ = D e s i r a b l e L i m i t ; ‘ P L ’ = P e r m i s s i b l e L i m i t ; E E C i s = E u r o p e a n U n i o n S t a n d a r d ,

• During pre-monsoon season it is observed that δ–BHC concentration(2.1 & 1.5µg/l) was found exceeding the WHO limit and is unfit for drinking purposes at Andalpuram and Muthupatti respectively, whilepost monsoon season also indicated the concentration of δ–BHC of1.67 & 1.32 µg/l respectively on the same locations of MaduraiMetropolitan city.

• No Endosulphan concentration was found in groundwater samples ofMadurai metro city.•

• No Methoxychlor concentration was found in groundwater samples ofMadurai metro city.

• No DDE concentration was found in groundwater samples of Maduraimetro city.

• No DDD concentration was found in groundwater samples of Maduraimetro city.

• No methylparathion concentration was found in groundwater samplesof Madurai metro city.

• No ethylparathion concentration was found in groundwater samples ofMadurai metro city.

• No Chloropyriphos concentration was found in groundwater samplesof Madurai metro city.

• No famphur concentration was found in groundwater samples ofMadurai metro city.

• No ethion concentration was found in groundwater samples of Maduraimetro city.

• No thionazin concentration was found in groundwater samples ofMadurai metro city.

• No sulfotepp concentration was found in groundwater samples ofMadurai metro city.

• No phorate concentration was found in groundwater samples ofMadurai metro city.

• No dimethonate concentration was found in groundwater samples ofMadurai metro city.

• No disolphoton concentration was found in groundwater samples ofMadurai metro city.

Table 8 : Groundwater quality Observation and % sample violation with respect to drinking water standards in Vijaiwada Metropolitan city

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Sl. No.

Parame- ters (Allvaluesare in mg/L)



Stds. BIS/ WHO


pH value 6.50-7.1 6.7-7.20 6.5-8.5 None

Conduc-tivity(EC)µS/cm

570-6810 523-5750 1000 µS/cm(irrigation standard)

62% samples havingconductivity values above 1000 µS/cm and38% within 1000 µS/cmduring pre and post- monsoon seasons respectively.

Totaldissol- ved solids (TDS)

365-4358 335-3680 500-2000 18% samples above thePL and 60% above the DL but within the PL while 22% below the DL during both the seasons.

Chloride(as Cl)

45-1740 37-1477 250 -1000 4% exceeds the PL and20% exceeds the DL but are within the PL while76% within the DLduring both the seasons.

Alkalin-ity (asHCO3)

146-842 134-798 200-600 12% exceeded the PL inboth the seasons and78% fall above the DLbut within the PL, while10% samples found within the DL during both the seasons.

Sulphate(as SO4)

7.5-395 5.8-323 200 –400 4% of sample crosses thepermissible limit for drinking water and 94%fall within the desirable limit whereas 2% exceeds the DL but arewithin the PL duringboth the seasons.

Nitrate(as NO3)mg/l

0.1-18 0.1-16 45-100 None

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Fluoride(as F)mg/l.

0.01-5.9 0.01-4.35 1.0-1.5 8% crosses the PL duringpre and post-monsoon while 62% samples are within the DL and 30% exceeds the DL but are within the PL

Phosph-ate (as PO4) mg/l

0.01-0.57 0.01-0.41 - None

Calcium(as Ca)mg/l

25-290 21-281 75-200 4% samples exceeds thePL while 70% exceeds the DL and 26% fall within the DL

Magne-sium (as Mg) mg/l

13-70 13-65 30 - 100(BISstandard)

12% samples exceeds thePL during both the season while 72% exceeds the DL but arewithin the PL and 16 %fall within the DL during both the seasons.

TotalHardnes s (as CaCO3) mg/l

132-1011 126-968 300 –600 32% samples exceeds themaximum PL while 56% exceeds the DL but well within the PL and12% within the DLduring both the seasons.

Sodium(as Na)

46-1410 41-1210 200 (WHOlimit)

26% samples exceed themaximum Limit of 200 mg/l during both the seasons.

Potassium (as K)mg/l

2.0-52 1.8-38 - (No limitby BIS andWHO for drinking purposes)


Boron(as B)mg/l

NT NT 1.0-5.0 None

16

17

1

2

3

4

5

6



None


Nil Nil 5% samplesShould not be >10 in100ml sample.

None

Heavy Metals (µg/l)




Iron(as Fe)

30-4045 28-3855 300-1000 During pre monsoonseason 4% sample exceeds the PL and 32% fall between the DL and PL in both the seasons while 64% within the DL

Manganese(asMn)

9-1642 11-1558 100-300 12% samples exceed thePL during pre and post monsoon seasons, while40% above the DL but within the PL and 48%within the DL in bothseasons

Copper(as Cu)

3-28 4-25 50-1500 None

Chromium(as Cr)


None

Zinc (asZn)

10-1900 8-1865 5000-15000 None

Pesticides(µg/l)

Rangemonsoon)



Organo-chlorinated pesticidesAldrin NT-14 NT-11.4 0.03 (WHO


7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

Note: The abbreviation indicated above as ‘DL’ = Desirable Limit; ‘PL’ = Permissible Limit; EEC is = European Union Standard, ‘HP = Hand pump; ‘TW’ = Tube well, NT=Not Traceable

∝-BHC NT-15 NT-13.2 1 (WHOguideline)

8% sample crosses theWHO limit during pre-&post monsoon seasons.

β-BHC NT-6.3 NT-5.6 1 (WHOguideline)


γ-BHC NT-13.9 NT-11.5 1 (WHOguideline)


δ-BHC NT NT 1(WHOguideline)

8% sample crosses theWHO limit during pre-&post monsoon seasons.

Endosul-phan

NT-9.9 NT-12.2 (Noguideline)

-

Methoxy-chlor

NT-10.0 NT-7.8 30 (WHOguideline)

-

DDE 2-10.4 1.3-8.7 (Noguideline)

-

DDD 5.0-13.0 4.6-11.4 (Noguideline)

-

Organo-phosphorous pesticidesMethylparathion

NT NT (Noguideline)

-

Ethylparathion

NT NT (Noguideline)

-

Chloropy-riphos

NT NT (Noguideline)

-

Famphur NT NT (No guideline) None


None


None


None


None

Dimethoanate

NT NT (Noguideline)

None

Disolphoton

NT NT (Noguideline)

None

Table 8 : Groundwater quality Observation and % sample violation with respect to drinking water standards in Vijaiwada Metropolitan city

Observations

• The pH values of all the samples well within the limits of BIS/WHO

• The conductivity value exceeded the stipulated standard for irrigation in31 sampling locations (68%) during pre and post monsoon seasons;• The maximum conductivity value of 6810 and 4220 µS/cm wereobserved during pre monsoon and 5750 and 3980 during post monsoon season respectively at Payakapuram and Kotha peta.

• The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that 18% samples areabove the PL and 60% above the DL but within the PL for drinking water standards;• The maximum TDS values 4358 and 2701 mg/l) were observed duringpre monsoon and 3608 and 2547 mg/l were observed during post monsoon respectively at Payakapuram and Kotha Peta locations;• During both the rounds the TDS values (> 2000 mg/l) were observed at09 locations.

• 76% samples in both the rounds are within the DL of 250 mg/l and 20%are above the DL but are within the PL while 4% above the PL;• The maximum concentrations (Pre monsoon 1740 and 950 mg/l and Postmonsoon 1477 and 888 mg/l) of chloride were observed at Payakulam and Kotha Peta respectively during both the seasons.

• The value of alkalinity exceeded the desirable limit in 78% samplesduring both the seasons and 12% exceeded in permissible limit;• The high alkalinity values at few locations may be due to the action ofcarbonates upon the basic materials in the soil. A high value of 842 and761 mg/l alkalinity was found at Khotha Peta and Bhavanipuram during pre-monsoon and 798 and 675 was found on the same locations during post-monsoon seasons respectively.

• The ranges in both the rounds indicated that the Sulphate values areexceeding the PL of 400 mg/l in 4% samples while 94% fall within the DL of 200 mg/l and in about 2% samples within the DL and PL;• The maximum concentrations (775mg/l) of Sulphate during pre-monsoon was observed at Aveniyapuram location while maximum concentration (621 mg/l) of Sulphate during post-monsoon season was also observed at same location.


• The ranges in both the round indicated that the Fluoride values areexceeded the PL at few locations i.e. 8% while 62% samples fall within the DL and 30% exceeds the DL but are within the PL;• For both the monitoring rounds the higher level of Fluoride monitored atTVS Nagar and Alwarpuram were exceeding the maximum PL i.e. 3.7 and 2.6 mg/l respectively in pre monsoon and 3.12 and 2.32 in post monsoon respectively.

• The concentration of Phosphate was >1 mg/l at all the locations in boththe rounds of monitoring during pre and post-monsoon seasons.

• The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that calcium values in26% samples are within the stipulated standard of Desirable limit while70% exceeds the desirable standard but within the Permissible Limit while 4% exceeds the PL;• The higher concentration of Calcium at few locations indicates thatpresence of high inorganic salts (Carbonates, bicarbonates, Chlorides, Sulphates, Nitrates and Phosphates of Ca, Mg, Na, & K) in groundwater.

• The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that magnesiumvalues in 16% samples are within the stipulated standard of Desirable limit while 72% exceeds the desirable standard but within the Permissible Limit;• 12% exceeds the permissible limit in both the rounds. The higherconcentration of Magnesium (267 and 146 mg/l) was found atAveniyapuram and Anuppanadi in pre monsoon respectively while 187and 127 mg/l was found respectively during post monsoon.

• The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that total hardnessvalues (56% samples) are above the stipulated standard of desirable limit at some of the locations while values exceeding (32% samples >permissible limit) exceeded the PL at few locations during pre and post-monsoon seasons;• The max. Concentration of hardness value was found at Aveniyapuram(1782 & 1303 mg/l) during pre and post monsoon respectively.

• In both the monitoring rounds the values of sodium content wasexceeding the standard for groundwater. Such high sodium concentrations is not suitable for irrigation purpose due to sodium sensitivity of crops / plants;• The max. Concentration of Sodium (1410 & 1210 mg/l) was found atPayakapuram during pre and post monsoons respectively.

• The BIS has not included K in drinking water standards. However theEEC has prescribed guideline level of 10 mg/l of Potassium during pre- monsoon. The maximum concentration of Potassium was observed atseveral locations during both the rounds of monitoring and evenindicating that water is not fit for irrigation purposes.

• All the samples are well within the stipulated standard of drinkingwater.

• All the samples are well within the stipulated standards fordrinking purposes.

• All the samples are well within the stipulated standards fordrinking purposes

Observations

• It is evident from the results that 32% samples exceeded the DL butwithin the PL during pre and post-monsoon seasons respectively while64% are within the DL and 4% exceeded the PL only in Pre monsoon;• During pre-monsoon season, a high concentration (1059 & 1056 µg/l)of Fe was observed at East Madurai and Alwarpuram respectively; while during post- monsoon a high concentration (964 & 961µg/l) of Fe was observed on the same locations.

• It is found that 48% samples fall within the DL while 48% samplesbetween the DL and PL whereas 12% samples shown very high concentrations of Mn and exceeding the permissible limit for drinking purposes;• The maximum concentrations (917, 599 and 593 µg/l) of Manganeseduring pre-monsoon were observed at Madakulam, East Madurai andAlwarpuram respectively;• The maximum concentrations (844, 504 & 498 µg/l) of Manganesewere observed on the same locations during post-monsoon season.

• All the samples in metropolitan city of Vijaywada with respect toCu are well within the desirable limit for drinking purposes.

• All the samples in metropolitan city of Vijaywada with respect toCr are well within the desirable limit for drinking purposes.

• All the samples in metropolitan city of Vijaywada with respect toZn are well within the desirable limit for drinking purposes.

Observations

• The concentration of Aldrin was found in both the seasons ofgroundwater samples (4% samples) and exceeding the WHO limit for drinking purposes in Vijaywada metropolitan city. The location isMuthupatti of Metro city.

Note: The abbreviation indicated above as ‘DL’ = Desirable Limit; ‘PL’ = Permissible Limit; EEC is = European Union Standard, ‘HP = Hand pump; ‘TW’ = Tube well,

• The concentration of ∝-BHC (0.5 & 0.5 µg/l) was found only at twolocations during pre monsoon season and (0.3 and 0.25 µg/l) during post monsoon respectively in groundwater samples of Vijaywadametropolitan city.• The concentration of β-BHC was found only at Muthupatti location ingroundwater samples of Vijaywada metropolitan city.• No γ-BHC concentration was found in groundwater samples ofVijaywada metro city.• During pre-monsoon season it is observed that δ–BHC concentration(2.1 & 1.5µg/l) was found exceeding the WHO limit and is unfit for drinking purposes at Andalpuram and Muthupatti respectively, whilepost monsoon season also indicated the concentration of δ–BHC of 1.67& 1.32 µg/l respectively on the same locations of VijaywadaMetropolitan city.• No Endosulphan concentration was found in groundwater samples ofVijaywada metro city.• No Methoxychlor concentration was found in groundwater samples ofVijaywada metro city.• No DDE concentration was found in groundwater samples ofVijaywada metro city.• No DDD concentration was found in groundwater samples ofVijaywada metro city.

• No methylparathion concentration was found in groundwater samples ofVijaywada metro city.• No ethylparathion concentration was found in groundwater samples ofVijaywada metro city.

• No Chloropyriphos concentration was found in groundwater samples ofVijaywada metro city.• No famphur concentration was found in groundwater samples of Vijaywada metro city.

• No ethion concentration was found in groundwater samples ofVijaywada metro city.

• No thionazin concentration was found in groundwater samples ofVijaywada metro city.

• No sulfotepp concentration was found in groundwater samples ofVijaywada metro city.

• No phorate concentration was found in groundwater samples ofVijaywada metro city.

• No dimethonate concentration was found in groundwater samples ofVijaywada metro city.

• No disolphoton concentration was found in groundwater samples ofVijaywada metro city.

Table 1: Characteristics and Observations/comments on Groundwater Quality in Durgapur Problem Areas

1

2 300

3 250

4 500

5 75

6 150

7 45

8

9 0.001

10 0.05

Sl.No.

Parameters (Allvalues one in mg/L except pH)

Range(1994)

Range(2001-02)

Stds.BIS

pH value 5.3 - 8.3 5.3 - 6.9 6.5-8.5

Total Hardness(as CaCO3)

66 – 0490 47 - 675

Chloride 17 – 198 29 –135

Total dissolvedsolids

138 – 861 172 -800

Calcium (as Ca) - 12 - 196

Sulphate (asSo4)

1.6 - 335 1.7 – 77

Nitrate (as No3–N)

1.84 - 14 6.74 - 74.16

Fluoride (aS F) 0.1 - 1.2 0.02 – 1.8 0.6-1.2

Phenoliccompound (asC6H5OH)

BDL Not done

Cyanide mg/L BDL BDL

11

12 30

13

14

15

16

17

1 0.3

2 0.1

3 5.0

4 0.1

5 1.0

6 0.01

7 0.05

8 0.001

9 0.05

10

Sodium Not done 20 - 113 Not given

Magnesium(as mg)

0.1-62 4 – 60

Phosphate 0.005 - 0.5 0.01 - 0.04 Not given

Conductivity us/l 250C

168 -1222 200 - 1275 Not given

F.Coliorm(MPN/100ml)

Alkalinity 5 - 675 30 - 378 Not given

Total Coliform(MPN/100ml)

- No growth -16

Heavy Metals(mg/L)

Range(1994)

Range(2001-02)

Stds. BIS

Iron NT - .83 NT – 1.35

Lead NT -0.1 NT -0.01

Zinc NT -1.45 NT – 0.35

Manganese, NT -4.09 NT – 0.74

Copper NT -0.01 NT - 0.012

Cadmium NT - 0.04 BDL

Arsenic Not Done BDL

Mercury NT-0.009 BDL

Chromium NT -0.14 BDL

Nickel NT- 0.073 Not Done Not given

1

2

3

4

5

6

Note: Limits in bold print are WHO standards while the rest are BIS 10500- 1991 for drinking water; the first round refers to 1994 and 2nd round refers to 2000 - 2001

Pesticides(mg/L)

Dieldrin NT - 250 NT - 39.3

Lindane Not Done NT - 494.1

Aldrin NT NT - 61.2

DDT NT - 7308 12.3 - 305

Endosulphan NT - 485 NT - 134

BHC NT - 4556 NT - 1904

Table 1: Characteristics and Observations/comments on Groundwater Quality in Durgapur Problem Areas

Observations

• pH values have decreased compared to the first round done in 1994;• pH values of <5.5 have been observed at some stations;• low pH values ranged between 5.3 to 6.06 at Ganatantra Colony which is a dugwell in 2001-2002.

• Ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that total hardness values are being exceeded w.r..t the stipulated standard at some location(s);• w.r.t. the 2001-2002 round the post monsoon values ranged between 508-712 mg/l which is far higher than the stipulated standard;• For both the monitoring rounds the tube well monitored at Mayabazar and Ashishnagar exceeded300mg/l.

• The values at all locations for both the rounds were within the stipulated standards;• the well at Sagabhanga & Ganatantra colony reported values<40 mg/l for both the rounds;• at Mayabazar and Ashishnagar (both tubewells) reported higher values which ranged between60-111 mg/l.

• The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that total dissolved values are being exceeded w.r..t the stipulated standard at some location(s);• For both the monitoring rounds the tube well monitored at Mayabazar and Ashishnagar exceeded500mg/l.

• The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that calcium values are being exceeded w.r..t the stipulated standard at some location(s);• 2001-2002 round the post monsoon values ranged between 148-196 mg/l which is far higher than the stipulated standard;• For both the monitoring rounds the tube well monitored at Mayabazar and Ashishnagar exceeded75 mg/l.

• 2001-2002 round the post monsoon values ranged between 508-712 mg/l which is far higher than the stipulated standard;

• In both the rounds values are within the stipulated standards, however both the monitoring rounds the tube well monitored at Mayabazar and Ashishnagar reported higher values compared to the other three stations.

• As per BIS if the reported value is <0.6mg/l the water should not be rejected for drinking purpose but suitable public health measures need to be taken. A maximum value of 1.5 may be extendedif no alternate source of water is available;• In the ranges given alongside for both the rounds of monitoring it shows that though the upper stipulated limit was being met however in almost all the stations fluoride values were< 0.6 mg/l;• Only at Ashishnagar the fluoride values exceeded 1.0 mg/l;

• No comments given since the parameter was not monitored because the values were below detection limit (BDL) in the first round.

• No comments given since the parameter was and the values were below detection limit (BDL) in both the rounds.

• the post monsoon values exceeded the winter and pre-monsoon values;• The values at Mayabazar, Ashishnagar and Palasdiha were higher compared to the other two stations;• The values at Mayabazar ranged between 63-83 gm/l while at Ashishnagar it ranged between 97-113 mg/l.

• The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that magnesium values are being exceeded w.r..t the stipulated standard at some location(s);• 2001-2002 round the post monsoon values ranged between 31-53 mg/l which is far higher than the stipulated standard;• The tube well monitored at Ashishnagar exceeded 30 mg/l in both the rounds.

• The values were less <.5 mg/L ,no comments given since no BIS stipulated standard given.

• There was no seasonal variation at the individual stations;• For both the monitoring rounds the tube well monitored at Mayabazar and Ashishnagar exceeded800 us/l 250C.

• Bacterial contamination observed in 2nd round as no analysis was done in the 1st round;• the pre-monsoon and winter cycles showed bacterial contamination (16 MPN/100 ml) but 'no growth' was reported in the post-monsoon cycle in 2001-2002 round.

• The values were less <100 mg/L , however the values at Mayabazar & Ashishnagar were higher than 200 mg/l for all the three seasons compared to the other three stations;• No further comments could be given since no BIS stipulated standard given.

• Bacterial contamination was observed in both the rounds;• The pre-monsoon and winter cycles showed bacterial contamination (16 MPN/100 ml) but 'no growth' was reported in the post-monsoon cycle in 2001-2002 round. In the 1st round the analysis was done using the cluster forming units method.

Observations

• In winter cycle for 2002-2003 the values were reported as 'not traceable' (NT) at any of the locations. However for the post monsoon barring Palasdiha the values ranged between 0.4-1.3mg/L

• Values were meeting the stipulated standard


• Values were meeting the stipulated standard except in the pre-monsoon round where it ranged between 0.12-0..60 ppm with Ashishnagar having the highest values in the 2001-2002 cycle.






• No further comments could be given since no BIS stipulated standard given.

Note: Limits in bold print are WHO standards while the rest are BIS 10500- 1991 for drinking water; the first round refers to 1994 and 2

Values are low

-do-

-do-

DDT is used both in agriculture and in maintaining sanitation

Very low values

-do-

Table 2: Characteristics and Observations/comments on Groundwater Quality in Haora Problem Areas

1

2

300

3

250

4

500

5 75

6 200

7 45

8

9

0.001

10 0.05

11

12

30

Sl. No. Parameters (All values are inmg/L exceptpH)

Range(1994)

Range(2001-02)

Stds. BIS

pH value 6.6-7.7 6.6-7.43 6.5-8.5

Total Hardness (asCaCO3) 100-3560 149-1078

Chloride 15.6-1301 123-1084

Total dissolved solids 385-2546 238-3327

Calcium (as Ca ) 78.4-1163 128-619

Sulphate (as so4) 3.3-29 2-54.8

Nitrate) N03-N) <10.8 <1.0

Fluoride (as F) - 0.33-0.98 1.0-1.5

Phenoliccompound (asC6H5OH)

BDL Not done

Cyanide BDL BDL

Sodium Not done 8.2-510 Not given

Magnesium mg/l 5.2-135 43-109

13

14

15

16

17

18

0.3

19 0.1

20 5.0

21 0.1

22 1.0

23 0.01

24 0.05

25 0.001

Phosphate <0.7 0.02-0.093 <0.7

Conductivity, us/l250C 210-4060 1230-3790 Not given

F.ColiformMPN/100ml

- -

Alkalinity 130-888 203-588 Not given

Total ColiformMPN/100ml - 5-16

Heavy Metals(All values are in mg/L)

Range(1994

Range(2001-02)

Stds. BIS

Iron(Note all values given in ng/l for1st round for metals)

0.024-4.8 0.1-1.35

Lead 0.014 -0.13 <0.03

Zinc <5 <0.5

Manganese 0.012 -1.61 0.34 -1.45

Copper <0.05 Mostly BDL

Cadmium <0.06 BDL

Arsenic - BDL

Mercury 0.0002 -0.017 BDL

26 0.05

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

Note: Limits in bold print are WHO stds while the rest are BIS 10500- 1991 for drinking water ; the first round refers to 1994 and 2nd round refers to 2000 - 2001

Chromium <0.055 BDL

Nickel 0.007-0.1 Not traceable Not given

Pesticides (mg/L)

Dieldrin <0.67

Lindane Not Done

Aldrin <0.79

DDT <9.8

Endosulphan 0.07-4.8

BHC 2.5-6.7

Table 2: Characteristics and Observations/comments on Groundwater Quality in Haora Problem Areas

Observations

• No apparent variation in pH in the two rounds.

• The water samples in the both the rounds indicated water is acutely hard ;• All the seasonal rounds in the 2nd round of monitoring also indicated hardnessexceeding 500 mg/l, though the location Tikiapara has lower hardness values• In the 2nd round the water had high chloride values (> 600 mg/l) except for thesampling location at Tikiapara where the values ranged between 123-377 mg/l;• The values were acutely high particularly in Shanpur, St Thomas School and• In the 1st round the values were observed to be very high (> 500 mg/l) particularly StThomas School and Dasnagar;• In the 2nd round irrespective of season the values were very high (mostly > 1000 mg/l)• The values in both the rounds exceeded the available stipulated values by BIS.

• The sulphates values have not exceeded the BIS limits

� In both the rounds the values were within the stipulated standards;

• As per BIS if the reported value is <0.6mg/l the water should not be rejected fordrinking purpose but suitable public health measures need to be taken. A maximumvalue of 1.5 may be extended if no alternate source of water is available;• In the ranges given alongside for both the rounds of monitoring it shows that though• No comments given since the parameter was not monitored because the values werebelow detection limit (BDL) in the first round.

• No comments given since the parameter was monitored and the values were belowdetection limit (BDL) in both the rounds.

• The values were very high ( exceeding 400 mg/l) in all the stations except at Tikiaparawhere the values were almost < 100 mg/l. The locations Dasnagar and St ThomasGirls' School exceed 350 mg/l.• The ranges in both the monitoring rounds indicate that magnesium values are beingexceeded w.r.t the stipulated standard at all the location(s);• The locations at ST Thomas School, Dasnagar and Shanpur the values exceeded 75

• The values were less <0.7 mg/ at all the locations.

• There was barely any seasonal variation at the individual stations;• The conductivity values exceeded 3000 us/l at St Thomas School, Dasnagar andShanpur where the values ranged between 1000-2500 at the other two stations. � Bacterial contamination was observed in the 2nd round;

• The values exceeded 300 mg/l in almost all the locations with post monsoon valuesbeing less than the pre monsoon values.

• Bacterial contamination was observed in both the rounds;• the pre-monsoon , post monsoon and winter rounds showed bacterial contamination .In the 1st round the analysis was done using the cluster forming units method.Observations

• The desirable value is 0.3 mg/l and the acceptable value being 5 mg/l as per CPCB'sgeneral WQ criteria for raw waters used for organised community water supplies (surface and ground water).• Values were meeting the stipulated standard


• All values exceeded the stipulated value in the 2nd round particularly in Dasnagar, StThomas School and Sanpur where the values exceeded 0.6 mg/l for all the seasons.





Note: Limits in bold print are WHO stds while the rest are BIS 10500- 1991 for drinking water ; the first round refers to 1994 and 2nd round refers to 2000 - 2001


• no further comments could be given since no BIS stipulated standard given.

The desirable value for total pesticides stipulated is 0.001 mg/l and the acceptable valuebeing 0.0025 mg/l as per CPCB's general WQ criteria for raw waters used for organised community water supplies (surface and ground water). Except for DDT which showedsignificant presence the other parameters almost not detectable. DDT was high in is thepre-monsoon values in all the locations barring Tikiapara. As agriculture area is almost nil in the areas where the sampling locations were located one can perhaps conclude the usage of DDT was possibly being used as an anti-malaria practice.

Table 3: Characteristics and Observations/comments of Groundwater Quality in Dhanbad Problem Areas

18

19 300

20 250

21 500

22 75

23 150

24 45

25

26 0.001

27 0.05

28

29 30

30

31

32

33

34

Note: Limits in bold print are WHO stds while the rest are BIS 10500- 1991 for drinking water; the first round refers to 1994 and 2nd round refers to 2000 - 2001

11 0.3

Sl.No.

Parameters(All values one in mg/L)

Range(1994)

Range(2001-02)

Stds.BIS

pH value 5.4-7.3 5.79-7.03 6.5-8.5

TotalHardness (asCaCO3)

127-667 184-750

Chloride 16-660 32-336


304-570 442-1253

Calcium asCa

140-421 64-176

Sulphate 69-296 48.7-145.7

Nitrate) 2-121 5.64-65.26

Fluoride (AsF)

0.56-0.98 0.19-1.44 1.0-1.5

Phenolic compound(as C6H5OH)

BDL Not done

Cyanide Not done BDL

Sodium Not done 37.2-135.2 Not given

Magnesium 0.09-103 12-69

Phosphate 0.004-0.62 0.009-0.052 <0.7

Conductivity us/l 250C

140-1875 600-1962 Not given

F. ColiformMPN/100ml

Not done ≅16

Alkalinity 124-560 102-268 Not given


≅2 to 9

SlNo.

HeavyMetals values

Range(1994)

Range(2001-02)

Stds. BIS

Iron (ppm)(Note all values given in ng/l for 1stround for metals)

0.045-2.87 0.1-7.5

12 0.1

13 5.0

14 0.1

15 1.0

16 0.01

17 0.05

18 0.001

19 0.05

20

7

8

9

10

11

12


Lead (ppm) BDL-0.083 NT

Zinc (ppm) 0.025-1.37 <1.32

Manganese(ppm)

0.022-0.43 <0.1

Copper(ppm)

BDL-0.02 NT

Cadmium(ppm)

BDL-0.09 NT

Arsenic(ppm)

Not done <0.016

Mercury(ppm)

<0.02 <0.015

Chromium(ppm)

<0.1 NT

Nickel (ppm) <0.05 NT Not given

Pesticides

(µg/L)

Dieldrin BDL-483 3-64.8

Lindane Not done 2.1-425.4

Aldrin BDL-1411 3.6-77.4

DDT BDL-7364 20.4-596.2

Endosulphan BDL-1110 20.1-243

BHC BDL-4744 167-1516.8

Table 3: Characteristics and Observations/comments of Groundwater Quality in Dhanbad Problem Areas


Observations(In the 2001-2002 two rounds of sampling was - once in Jan'02 and next in May'02)

� For 2nd round - Acidic pH observed ; less than 6.5 at all locations except atGovindpur � For 2nd round < 300mg/l observed at Opp. CRFI and Opp. ISM.

� For 2nd round < 35 mg/l observed only at Opp. CRFI though < 250mg/l at alllocation. The values ranged between 323-336 mg/l. � For the 2nd round all values exceeded 500 mg/l except at Opp CRFI.

� For 2nd round < 75mg/l observed only at Opp. CRFI

� Meeting norms

� For 2nd round the Jan'02 round the values exceeded 45 mg/l at Govindpur elsethe values were meeting norms � For 2nd round < 0.6mg/l at Court More and Bar Bus stand

-

-

� For the 2nd round though all the values were observed to be < 75 mg/l ( refer tothe remarks on chlorides too) the values at Gobindpur ranged between 126-135.2 mg/l

The values for Gobindpur ranged between 40-69 mg/l

-

� For the 2nd round the values < 1000 us/l only at Opp. CRFI. The values were observed to be in the range 1940 - 1962 us/l at Govindpur.

� Bacterial contamination observed.

� For 2nd round the values were less than 170 mg/l except at Govindpur wherethe values ranged between 255-268 mg/l

� Bacterial contamination observed in both rounds however in the 1st round theanalysis was done using the cluster forming units method (CFU).

Observations

• The desirable value is 0.3 mg/l and the acceptable value being 5 mg/l as per CPCB's general WQ criteria for raw waters used for organised community water supplies ( surface and ground water).• For the 1st round this parameter was found critical particularly at the locationOpp ISM in May'02 when values was reported as 7.7 ppm








• Values were meeting the stipulated standard however detectable values were observed in Jan'02 at Opp ISM, Opp CRFI and at Govindpur.


• -

� The desirable value for total pesticides stipulated is .001 mg/l and theacceptable value being .0025 mg/l as per CPCB's general WQ criteria for raw waters used for organised community water supplies ( surface and ground water).The values are low as can be observed. � For the 1st round the values have been fluctuating randomly in 1994 though theupper limits show significant presence the profile for the 2nd round is also similar w.r.t fluctuation but this round also indicates the presence of pesticides.

Table 4: Characteristics and Observations/comments of Groundwater Quality in Angul-Talcher Problem Areas

1

2

3 500

4

5 300

6 75

7

8

10 200

11

Sl.No.

Parameters(mg/L)

Range(2001-02)

Stds (BIS)IS:10500-1991

PH 6.11-9.05 6.5-8.5

TotalAlkalinity(As CaCO3,)

38-788 Not prescribed

Totaldissolved solids,

181-1960

Conductivity, S/cm

264-3340 Not prescribed

Totalhardness(As CaCO3,)

46-652

Calcium hardness (asCaCO3, )

13.6-202

Magnesium 5.36-79.44 Not prescribed

Sodium, 8-310 Notprescribed

Sulphate, 0.537-162.2

Phosphate, 0.0-0.95 Not prescribed

12 45

13 1.0

14 0.05

15

16

17 0.05

18 0.001

19 0.3

20 0.1

21

22

23 0.01

24 0.05

25 5.0

26 0.05

27

Nitrate, ND-150

Fluoride, 0.106-2.5

Cyanide, 0-0.02

Totalcoliform, MPN/100 ml

<2- >1100 Absent

Fecalcoliform, MPN/100 ml

<2- >1100 Absent

Chromium(VI) ,

ND

Mercury ND

Iron, 0.034-6.27

Manganese, ND-1.582

Cobalt, ND-0.017 Not prescribed

Nickel, ND-0.072 Notprescribed

Cadmium,l ND-0.007

Copper, ND-0.052

Zinc, 0.01-7.63

Lead, 0.002-0.103

Pesticides AbsentBHC, ND-2.4

Lindane, g/l ND-1.3

DDT, g/l ND-2.68

Endosulfan, ND-2.6

27 Absent

Heptachlor, ND-7.982

Aldrin, ND-6.588

Dieldrin, ND-0.394

Table 4: Characteristics and Observations/comments of Groundwater Quality in Angul-Talcher Problem Areas

Observations

• pH in most of the ground water sources is within the standard limit.• Dug wells of Chhelia and Kaniha villages show low pH i.e. 6.1-6.3 during pre monsoon period.• In monsoon, high pH value (> 8.5) is observed in dug wells of Banarpal, Bonda, Kaniha andGodibandha voillages and in the tube wells of Bonda, Kulad, Kaniha and Dudurkote villages.

• Very low values of alkalinity are observed in dug wells of south Balanda and Chhelia and tubewells of South Balanda and FCI.• Very high value of alkalinity i.e. 788 mg/l is observed in the tube well of Tulsipal village.• In most of the cases, post monsoon values are higher than the monsoon values.

• TDS in the ground water sources of Kaniha, Godibandha, Talcher, Handidhua Chhak, SouthBalanda and Baghamara area are within the standard limit.• Ground water sample in Bonda, Balaramprasad, Chhelia and Derjung villages exhibit moderatelyhigh TDS value i.e. within the range 650- 872 mg/l.• TDS is very high (977-1960 mg/l) than the stipulated standard in Tulsipal, Kulad, Kandsar, Anguland Gotmara areas.

• The correlation equation, Conductivity = TDS x 0.65 holds good at all station.• Very high conductivity value (i.e. > 2000 S/cm) is observed in Tulsipal, Kandsar, Angul areas

• Total hardness vary within 64-640 mg/l in monsoon period and within 46-652 mg/l in pre-monsoonseason.• Total hardness in South Balanda is within 46-68 mg/l, while ground water in Banarpal, Bonda,Balaramprasad, Deranga, Godibandha, Talcher Handidhua chhak, Baghamara, FCI, Guruiangulivillages are within 75- 300 mg/l.• Total hardness in the ground water of Gotamara, Angul, Chellia and Tulsipal area exceeds thestandard limit.

• Calcium content in the ground water samples of all villages except Angul, Chhelia, Handidhuachhak, South Balanda and FCI show an increasing trend from monsoon to pre-monsoon period.• In Chhelia, calcium content decreases significantly from 144 mg/l in monsoon to 60 mg/l in pre-monsoon. However, a marginal decrease from 64.1 to 40.7 mg/l is observed in Handidhua chhak over the months.• In the month of May, the calcium content in tube wells of Bonda and dug wells of Kaniha,Gurujanguli and Gotamara villages exceeds the standard limit. The ground water samples collectedfrom Angul, Chhelia, Gurujanguli and Gotamara villages exhibit calcium content more than 75 mg/l through out the study period.

• Magnesium content in all the tube wells except those of Tulsipal, Derjung villages were found tobe less than the calcium content.

• In dug well of Banarpal, Gotamara and Gurujanguli villages, sodium content has increased frommonsoon to pre-monsoon period. In all other cases, the sodium content fluctuates marginally.

• Sulphate content at all placec is l within the standard limit.• Increase in sulphate content from monsoon to pre-monsoon period is much more pronounced incase of tube wells than in dug wells.

• Monsoon values of phosphate in dug wells of Banarpal, Kandsar, Kaniha and tube well of Tulsipalare more than the pre-monsoon values.• In all other cases, post monsoon value is greater than the monsoon value.

• Nitrate in the dug wells of Kulad, Kandsar, Godibandha, Chhelia, Gurujaguli in monsoon arehigher than the stipulated standard.

• Fluoride content in Bonda, Kulad and FCI area are above the prescribed limit.• High fluoride content is observed at Tulsipal (2.5 mg/l) in September and January which, however,reduces to 0.7 mg/l in May.• In most of the places, fluoride content remains fairly constant in the study period.

• Cyanide content is within the standard limit.• Pre-monsoon values are observed to be less than the post-monsoon and monsoon values.

• High bacterical population was observed in all the dug wells in monsoon.• Excepting the tube wells of Kanhia, South Balanda, Baghamara, Dudurkote, all other tube wellswere contaminated.• In January the bacterial population has been significantly reduced in all the dug wells except inKulad and Gatamara village.• Tube wells of Derjang, FCI, Talcher, Handidhua, Angul area also show a decreasing population ofcoliform bacteria but still does not meet the drinking water quality criteria.

� Not detected at any place throughout the study period.

� Not detected at any place throughout the study period.

• Iron content in most of the sampling locations either remains fairly constant throughout the studyperiod or shows an increasing trend from September-01 to January-02.• In Kulad, Balaramprasad, Kandsar, Kaniha and Baghamara areas, iron content is above theprescribed limit.• High iron value (2.2-6.3) is observed in the tube wells of Derjung, South Balanda, Handidhuachhak.

• Manganese was found to be slightly greater than 0.1 mg/l in Angul, Chhelia and Derjung area.• Very high Mn content (> 1.0 mg/l) are observed in tube wells of Bonda, Talcher, Baghamara anddug well of Gotamara.• In pre monsoon period, Mn content is observed to be either absent or in very low quantity at all places and except at tube well of Tulsipal village (0.25 mg/l)

• No comments could be given since no BIS standards prescribed.

• No comments could be given since no BIS standards prescribed.

• Values were within the stipulated standard


• Values greater than the stipulated standard was observed only in Tube well of Kaniha in Jan’02and May’02.


BHC, Lindane, DDT and Endosulfan in the dugwells of Gotmara, Kulad and Tulsipal villages are observed to decrease from monsoon to pre-monsoon period, whereas, in the dug wells ofBalaramprasad and Kaniha villages, an increasing trend is observed from September’01 to January’02 and BHC and Lindane were not detected in May’02.DDT and Endosulfan were not detected in the dug wells of Banarpal, Bonda, Balaramprasad andGotmara villages in May’02.Heptachlor, aldrin and dieldrin fluctuate widely during the study period.

BHC, Lindane, DDT and Endosulfan in the dugwells of Gotmara, Kulad and Tulsipal villages are observed to decrease from monsoon to pre-monsoon period, whereas, in the dug wells ofBalaramprasad and Kaniha villages, an increasing trend is observed from September’01 to January’02 and BHC and Lindane were not detected in May’02.DDT and Endosulfan were not detected in the dug wells of Banarpal, Bonda, Balaramprasad andGotmara villages in May’02.Heptachlor, aldrin and dieldrin fluctuate widely during the study period.

Table 5 a): Analysis report of groundwater - Vishakapatnam (3 rounds)

1 7.5 7.59 7.5 118 151 127 310 420 361 2 7.5 7.9 7.57 119 208 169 355 440 388 3 7.9 8.4 8.1 107 151 136 180 220 183 4 7.9 8.51 8.18 177 806 275 100 448 156 5 7.36 7.5 7.4 806 1,033 922 2,800 2,800 2,736 6 7.28 7.7 7.52 166 246 210 513 570 548 7 7.42 8.16 7.6 155 320 267 155 326 317

Table 5 b): Analysis report of groundwater - Vishakapatnam (3 rounds)

1 13.4 22 16 46 76 63

2 13.1 40.8 22 31.2 53.3 45.7

3 0.3 1.8 1.0 31.2 59.6 49.3

4 6.0 21.2 15.2 23.8 73.9 528

5 6.0 14.7 27 0.07 1,355 2,248 2,010

6 14.0 43.9 26.9 0.06 135 2,228 854

7 22.8 29.6 25.9 0.01 65.9 83.3 74.6

Station code: 1 :MVP Colony; 2- TDA Marripalem; 3-.R. Venkatapuram; 4- Shiela Nagar; 5- Mindi; 6-Peda Chantyada; 7- R.K. Puram

Table 5 c): Analysis report of groundwater - Vishakapatnam (3 rounds)

1 75 140 100 35 132 71 20 52 40 2 64 85 73 40 77 57 66 88 73 3 87 175 120 47 167 90 16 28 33 4 97 2,200 108 50 234 163 22 28 20 5 105 290 164 52 290 314 500 596 552 6 85 143 108 43 136 80 132 1,340 535 7 65 77 71 34 48 41 50 66 55

Code PH Conductivity Total hardnessMIN MAX AVG IN MAX AVG MIN MAX AVG

Nitrate Phosphate SulphateCode MIN MAX AVG MIN MAX AVG MIN MAX AVG

BDL BDL BDL

BDL BDL BDL

BDL BDL BDL

BDL BDL BDL

- -

- -

- -

Sodium Potassium CalciumCode MIN MAX AVG MIN MAX AVG MIN MAX AVG

Table 5 d): Analysis report of groundwater - Vishaka patnam (3 rounds)

1 0.0 0.14 0.08 0.8 0.8

2 0.01 0.12 0.6 0.02

3 0.15 0.18 0.16 0.18

4 0.19 0.24 0.21 0.11

5 0.27 0.29 0.28 0.03 0.3 0.16 0.01

6 0.01 0.28 0.27 0.04

7 0.26 0.02


C o d eNickel Zinc CopperMIN MAX AVG MIN MAX AVG MIN MAX AVG

- BDL BDL BDL

- - BDL BDL BDL

- - BDL BDL BDL

BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

- -

- - - - -

- - - - - - -

0.55 0.99 0.8 15 350 186 0.70 1.25 1.06 110 200 158 0.89 1.54 1.28 130 226 182 1.89 2.51 1.8 150 210 168 0.79 0.90 0.89 130 135 168 0.19 1.38 0.66 220 300 251 0.52 1.4 0.91 190 256 226


791 985 915 799 1,400 1,124 723 1,015 904 3,002 6,720 5,310 5,403 6,720 6,114 1,085 1,650 1,401 911 1,040 975

Fluoride ChloridesMIN MAX AVG MIN MAX AVG

TDSMIN MAX AVG

0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.07 0.56 0.23 0.06

0.01 0.03 0.16 0.56 0.23 0.05

0.07 0.10 0.8 0.05 0.01 0.26

0.01 0.16 0.8 0.08

0.03 0.08 0.6 0.05

0.03 0.19 0.19 0.01 0.05

0.03


Iron Lead Chromium ManganeseMIN MAX AVG MIN MAX AVG MIN MAX AVG MIN

- -

BDL BDL - -

BDL BDL BDL BDL

BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

- - - BDL BDL -

- - - - -

- - - - - - BDL BDL -

1.44

0.44 0.29

0.46 0.36

0.58 0.33

0.62 0.33

0.39 0.22

0.92

ManganeseMAX AVG

-

Table 6 a): STATEMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY AT VISAKHAPATNAM SEPTEMBER 2001

1 0.14 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.03

2 0.017 0.00 0.03 0.16 0.03

3 0.18 0.10 0.05 0.01 0.10

4 0.24 0.01 0.10

5 0.29 0.08 0.16

6 0.28 0.19 0.06

7 0.07

Note : All values are reported in mg/l except pH and Conductivity

Table 6 b) : STATEMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY AT VISAKHAPATNAM FEBRUARY, 2002

1 0.10 0.08 0.56

2 0.12 0.53

3 0.15

4 0.19

5 0.27 0.39 0.07

S.No. Location Nickel Zinc Copper Iron Lead Chromium Cobalt

MVP Colony

- -

IDA Marripalem

- -

RRV Puram

- -

Sheela Nagar

- - - -

Mindi - - - -

PedaChantyada

- - - -

JalaripalliPalem

- - - - -

S.No. Locat-ion Nickel Zinc Cop-per Iron Lead Chr- omium Cobalt

MVP Colony

BDL BDL BDL BDL

IDAMarripalem

BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

RRV Puram


SheelaNagar


Mindi BDL BDL BDL BDL

6 0.26

7 0.26

8 5,000 50 300 50

Note : All Parameters are given in mg/lt. Expect pH and Conductivity (m/S/M) . NS : Not specified. BDL : Below detectable limit

Table 6 c): STATEMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY AT VISAKHAPATNAM OCTOBER, 2002

1 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.01 1,350

2 0.00 0.02 0.01 4,970

3 0.09 0.07 5,260

4 0.11 0.16 4,670

5 0.03 0.01 0.03 5,780

6 0.01 0.04 0.08 0.01 6,940

7 0.02 0.03 3,350

8 5 0.05 0.3 0.05

Note: All Parameters are given in mg/lt. Expect pH and Conductivity (m/S/M) Total Coliform (Coliform colonies per 100 ml) NS: Not specified. BDL: Below detectable limit.

PedaGhantyada


RK Puram BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

Standard NS NS NS

S.No. Location Nickel Zinc Copper Iron Lead Chromium T. Coliform

MVPColony

BDL BDL

IDAMarripal em

BDL BDL BDL

RRVPuram

BDL BDL BDL BDL

SheelaNagar

BDL BDL BDL BDL

Mindi BDL BDL BDL

PedaGhantya da

BDL BDL

RKPuram

BDL BDL BDL BDL

Standard

NS NS NS

Table 6 a): STATEMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY AT VISAKHAPATNAM SEPTEMBER 2001

1,600 7.59 151 420 0.55 350 13.5

9.00 7.53 180 440 0.70 200 14.0

2.0 8.13 150 210 0.89 220 1.00

1,600 8.51 177 100 1.89 160 6.00

1,600 7.42 1,033 2,610 0.19 240 602

1,600 7.46 166 570 0.20 220 14.0

1,600 7.42 200 490 0.44 300 13.8

Table 6 b) : STATEMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY AT VISAKHAPATNAM FEBRUARY, 2002

1.44 7.55 118 310.00 0.96 175.0

0.44 7.31 119 390.00 1.25 165.0

0.26 7.97 107 180.0 1.54 130.0

0.58 7.93 448 220.0 2.25 210.0

0.62 7.36 806 2,800.0 0.81 130.0

Total Coliform pH Conduc tivity

Total Hardness

Fluoridfes Chlorid es Nitrates

Man- ganese Cadm-ium PH Con- ductivity

Total Fluor-ides Chlor-ides

BDL

BDL

BDL

BDL

BDL

0.39 7.28 220 560.0 0.55 300.0

0.84 0.03 7.42 135 320.0 1.40 190.0

300 1.0 250

Note : All Parameters are given in mg/lt. Expect pH and Conductivity (m/S/M) . NS : Not specified. BDL : Below detectable limit

Table 6 c): STATEMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY AT VISAKHAPATNAM OCTOBER, 2002

0.06 0.00 7.50 145 355 0.99 15

0.05 7.90 207 355 1.24 110

0.46 0.0 8.40 152 220 1.42 196

0.08 0.00 8.10 202 150 2.51 150

0.05 7.50 928 2,800 0.79 135

0.05 7.70 246 515 1.38 235

0.08 8.10 155 315 0.52 167

300 1.0 250

Note: All Parameters are given in mg/lt. Expect pH and Conductivity (m/S/M) Total Coliform (Coliform colonies per 100 ml) NS: Not specified.

BDL

NS NS 6.5 to8.5

NS

Manganese Cadmium PH Conductivity

TotalHardness

Fluorides Chlorides

BDL

BDL

BDL

BDL

NS NS 6.5 to8.5

NS

46.7 140 132 20 985 640

31.2 85.0 77.0 76 1,175 660

31.2 175 167 16 975 560

23.8 220 234 12 1,155 600

2,228 290 290 596 6,720 580

65.2 143 136 1,340 1,080 460

37.9 141 132 92.0 1,300 520

13.4 66.5 75.0 35.0 52.0 791.0

13.1 52.6 64.5 40.0 88.0 799.0

0.3 57.3 87.5 47.0 28.0 723.0

18.6 73.9 97.0 55.0 28.0 3,002

14.7 2,448 97.0 52.0 500.0 5,403

Phosphates Sulphates Sodium Potassium Calcium TDS Alalinity

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Nitra-tes Phos- phates Sulp-hate Sodi-um Pota- Calci-um TDS

BDL

BDL

BDL

BDL

BDL

22.8 135.80 85.0 43.0 132.0 1,475

22.8 65.90 77.0 34.0 50.0 911

45 200 75

22 0.01 76.6 84.5 48.0 64.0 970

41 0.01 53.3 70.0 56.0 66.0 1,400

1.8 0.01 59.6 98.5 56.0 22.0 1,015

21.2 0.01 60.9 110.0 50.0 22.0 1,350

12.4 0.07 1,355 105.0 60.0 560.0 6,220

44 0.06 201.9 98.0 63.0 134.0 1,650

29.5 0.01 83.3 65.0 48.0 60.0 1,040

45 200 75 500

BDL

BDL

NS NS NS

Nitrates Phosphates Sulphates Sodium Potassium Calcium TDS

NS NS NS

470

420

670

740

900

Alalin-ity

420

390

200

270

240

430 10

600 330

200 300

190 90

240 750

200

Alkalinity F.Coliform

Nil

Nil

NS

Table 7) a): Analysis report - Pattancheru & Bollaram , September, 2001

1 7.71 2,430 5.0 1,500 540 980 280 111 497

2 7.43 1,160 6.0 740 400 400 80 48 208

3 7.85 950 5.0 600 340 185 36 23 75

4 7.71 2,690 8.0 1,120 400 800 156 111 565

5 7.49 2,090 5.0 1,340 400 780 152 97 432

6 7.53 1,100 5.0 700 310 400 80 48 132

7 8.00 1,600 5.0 1,070 540 300 64 34 289

Table 7) b): Analysis report - Pattancheru & Bollaram February, 2002

1 7.12 2,380 6.0 1,600 520.0 1,060 216 126 456

2 7.60 1,190 10.0 820 450.0 480 98 57 210

3 7.76 780 8.0 640 300.0 175 36 21 63

4 7.19 2,750 8.0 1,920 420.0 1,200 240 145 727

5 7.24 1,990 6.0 1,400 480.0 680 144 78 572

6 7.39 1,000 10.0 680 360.0 510 104 61 160

7 8.22 970 8.0 740 335.0 360 72 44 146

1: Lakdaram. ; 2: Khardanoor (Bore well); 3: Inole Bore well ; 4: Kistareddy peta Bore well. ; 5: Bollaram. ; 6: Bachupally.; 7 : Isakabavi Bore Well.

Code. PH Conductivity(μs/Cm)

Turbidity(NTU)

TDS mg/l T- Alkalinity (asCaco3)

TH Ca mg/l

Mg mg/l

Cl mg/l

Code PH Conductivit y (μs/Cm)

Turbidity(NTU)

TDS T Alk mg/l

TH mg/l Ca mg/l

Mg mg/l

Cl mg/l

Table 7) c): Analysis report of Pattancheru and Bollaram during the month of September, 2001 and February, 2002 (two months min, and Average)

1 2 3

1 7.12 7.71 7.42 7.43 7.60 7.52 7.76 7.85

2 2,430 2,405 1,160 1,190 1,175 780 950

3 1,500 1,600 1,550 740 820 780 600 640

4 980 1,060 1,020 400 480 440 175 185

5 216 280 248 80 98 89 36 36

6 111 126 118.5 48 57 52.5 21 23

7 520 540 530 400 450 425 300 340

8 456 497 476.5 208 210 209 63 75

9 196 200 198 138.8 145 142 16.7 20

10 16.72 24 20.36 8.88 16 12.44 4.0 4.07

11 1 1.2 1.1 0.9 1 0.95 0.85 0.9

12 12 15 13.5 8 9 8.5 8 8

13 5 6 5.5 6 10 8 5 8

Note : All values are in mg/l except pH and Conductivity (μS/Cm)

Analysis report of Pattancheru and Bollaram during the month of September, 2001 and February, 2002 – two months min, max & averageSl. No. Location

codeParameters min. max. mean min max. mean min max.

pH

Conductivity

TDS

T- HARDNESS,

(as Caco3)CALCIUM, (as

Ca)

MAGNESIUM (as Mg )

T-ALKALINITY (as Caco3)

CHLORIDE,

SULPHATE,

NITRATE NITROGEN,FLUORIDE,

TOC

Turbidity(NTU)

200.2 24 12 1.0 18

138.8 8.8 9 0.9 10

16.7 3.9 8 0.85 15

216.1 24 11 1.2 15

128.2 24 10 1.1 10

66.3 11.7 8 1.0 10

65.8 0.39 10 1.0 10

196 16.72 15 1.2 0.03

145 16.0 8 1.0 0.03 0.01

20 4.072 8 0.9 0.05 0.01

240 24.0 16 1.3 0.03 0.01

130 14.832 12 1.2 0.03 0.01

75 12.428 12 1.1 0.03 0.01

75 0.58 12 0.9 0.05 0.01

1: Lakdaram. ; 2: Khardanoor (Bore well); 3: Inole Bore well ; 4: Kistareddy peta Bore well. ; 5: Bollaram. ; 6: Bachupally.; 7 : Isakabavi Bore Well.

SO4 mg/l Nitrates (As N)

TOC Fluorides Lead Cadmium

Chromium (μ/l)

BDL BDL

BDL BDL

BDL BDL

BDL BDL

BDL BDL

BDL BDL

BDL BDL

SO4 Nitrates(As N)

TOC F mg/l Lead Cadmium

Chromium(μ/l)

BDL BDL

BDL

BDL

BDL

BDL

BDL

BDL

Table 7) c): Analysis report of Pattancheru and Bollaram during the month of September, 2001 and February, 2002 (two months min, and Average)

3 4 5 6

7.81 7.19 7.71 7.45 7.24 7.49 7.37 7.39 7.53

865 2,690 2,750 2,720 1,990 2,090 2,040 1,000 1,100

620 1,120 1,920 1,520 1,340 1,400 1,370 680 700

180 800 1,200 1,000 680 780 730 400 510

36 156 240 198 144 152 148 80 104

22 111 145 128 78 97 87.5 28 61

320 400 420 410 400 480 440 310 360

690 565 727 646 432 572 502 132 160

18.35 216 240 228 128 130 129 66.3 75

4.034 24 24 24 14.3 24 19.4 11.7 12.4

0.875 1.2 1.3 1.25 1.1 1.2 1.15 1 1.1

8 11 16 13.5 10 12 11 8 12

6.5 8 8 8 5 6 5.5 5 10

Analysis report of Pattancheru and Bollaram during the month of September, 2001 and February, 2002 – two months min, max & average

mean min. max mean min. max. mean min. max

6 7

7.46 8.00 8.22 8.11

1,050 970 1,600 1,285

690 740 1,070 950

455 300 360 330

92 64 72 68

54.5 34 44 39

335 335 540 437.5

146 146 289 217.5

70.7 65.8 75 70.4

12.07 0.392 0.580 0.486

1.05 1 0.9 0.95

10 10 12 11

7.5 5 8 6.5

mean min. max. mean

Table 8) a) : ANALYSIS REPORT OF GROUNDWATER - BHADRAVATHI : SEPTEMBER, 2001, JANUARY, 2002 & MAY, 2002

1 6.7 7.80 7.13 680 1,054 867 433 1,060 740 2 6.8 8.12 7.2 760 980 870 762 846 787 3 6.7 7.75 7.0 670 910 790 500 582 528

Table 8) b) : ANALYSIS REPORT OF GROUNDWATER - BHADRAVATHI : SEPTEMBER, 2001, JANUARY, 2002 & MAY, 2002

1 0.6 12 4.9 62 84 73 0.002 0.04 0.0 2 10 12.6 7.5 36 40 28 0.004 0.06 0.03 3 0.66 1.14 0.9 48 54 51 0.004 0.06 0.028

Table 8) c) : ANALYSIS REPORT OF GROUNDWATER - BHADRAVATHI : SEPTEMBER, 2001, JANUARY, 2002 & MAY, 2002

1 186 840 454 47 70 56

2 286 540 391 24 90 59

3 196 392 282 16 193 181 0.0 0.03 0.01

Note: Station code : 1 - Machanahalli ; 2 - Ameerjanhalli ; 3- Babbahalli

Code pH Conductivity TDS

Min Max Avg. Min Max Avg. Min Max Avg

Sl.No.

Nitrate Sodium (Na) Phosphate

Min Max Avg. Min Max Avg. Min Max Avg.

Sl. No. C. Hardness Mg. Hardness Cyanide

Min Max Avg. Min Max Avg. Min Max Avg.

ND ND ND

ND ND ND

Table 8) a) : ANALYSIS REPORT OF GROUNDWATER - BHADRAVATHI : SEPTEMBER, 2001, JANUARY, 2002 & MAY, 2002

59 250 161 24 94 63 121 142 128 58 64 54 98 142 114 7 80 57

Table 8) b) : ANALYSIS REPORT OF GROUNDWATER - BHADRAVATHI : SEPTEMBER, 2001, JANUARY, 2002 & MAY, 2002

0.11 0.5 0.25 256 887 510 0.01 0.56 0.28 371 605 450 0.17 0.17 0.17 274 585 397

Table 8) c) : ANALYSIS REPORT OF GROUNDWATER - BHADRAVATHI : SEPTEMBER, 2001, JANUARY, 2002 & MAY, 2002

86 114 100 34 89 61

67 80 73 3 94 48

15 40 27.0 27 47 37

Chloride Sulphate

Min Max Avg Min Max Avg.

Fluoride T. Hardness

Min Max Avg. Min Max Avg.

T.Coliform F.Coliform

Min Max Avg. Min Max Avg.

Table 9) a) : ANALYSIS REPORT OF GROUNDWATER - BHADRAVATHI - SEPTEMBER, 2001

6.9 1,054 1,060 250 24.0 2.24 84 0.002

6.8 760 846 140 40.8 12.6 36 0.007

6.7 672 500 102 2.01 0.66 54 0.004

Table 9) b) : ANALYSIS REPORT OF GROUNDWATER - BHADRAVATHI - JANUARY, 2002

6.7 728 174 71 12 62 0.01 0.011 387

6.9 762 121 58 40 0.01 0.012 371

6.8 504 98 7 1.14 48 0.06 274

Note: All values are in mg/l except pH and Conductivity (μ mhos/cm)

Table 9) c) : GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS - BHADRAVATHI, KARNATAKA - MAY, 2002

1 8.12 980 754 376 286 90 142 64

2 7.75 910 582 332 196 136 142 8.0

3 7.80 680 433 256 186 70 59 94

Name ofLocation

PH Conducti vity

TDS Chloride Sulphate Nitrate Sodium(Na)

Phosphat e

Fluoride

Machanahalli

NA

AmeerjanColony

NA

Baba Halli NA

Name ofLocation

pH TDS Chloride Sulphate Nitrate Sodium(Na)

Phosphate

Fluoride T Hardness

Machanahalli

Ameerjan Colony

ND

Baba Halli

ND

Sl .No. Name of station

PH Conductivi

TDS T. Hardness

Ca hardness

MgHardness

Chloride Sulphate

AmeerjohnColony

Bapana Halli

Machanahalli

Note: All values are in mg/L except pH and Conductivity (μ mhos/cm

Table 9) a) : ANALYSIS REPORT OF GROUNDWATER - BHADRAVATHI - SEPTEMBER, 2001

887 840 47 0.0064 114 89

605 540 65 67 94

585 392 193 0.0309 15 47

Table 9) b) : ANALYSIS REPORT OF GROUNDWATER - BHADRAVATHI - JANUARY, 2002

51 0.0076 86 34

24 0.0053 80 3

16 0.017 40 27

Table 9) c) : GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS - BHADRAVATHI, KARNATAKA - MAY, 2002

10 192 0.56 0.0

1.12 374 0.17 0.0 0.0043

0.601 282 0.50 0.0 0.043

T- Hardness

CaHardness

Mg. Hardness

Cyanide Tcoliform/100 ml.

Fcoliform/100 ml.

Nil

CaHardne ss

Mg.Hardn ess

Cyanide Tcoliform/100 ml.

F coliform/100 ml.

336

347

258

Nitrate Nitrogen (NO3-N)

T. Fluoride Cyanide Phosphat

BDL

Table 10: GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF GREATER COCHIN (Kochi or Cochin)

1 6.6 8.0 7.3 5.5 7.15 6.22 5.09

2 660 930 783 78 500 243 57

3 192 250 229 34 90 53 14

4 0.05 0.24 0.14 0.15 0.07 0.07

5 88 200 129 18 20 19.3 14

6 42.3 106 78.4 6.9 13.6 9.7 5.6

7 1.1 25 15.3 1.73 4.23 3.36 0.45

8 1.61 0.93

9 52 91.2 67.5 5.6 28 13.9 1.6

10 5.35 23.3 14.5 3.89 4.8 4.51 2.4

11 356 816 525 60 446 189 120

12

13 16.4 42.6 27.2 3.53 42.6 16.7

14 10 230 127 8 16 12 8

15 0 2,160 747 0.0 16 7

16 390 2,000 10 100 37 50

17

18 3.13 1.03

19 384 145 106 250 157 50

20

21

22 48 16 6 2

23

24 243 108 224 105 348

25 111 44 10 188 73 30

S.No. Parameters

G1 G2 G3Min Max Avg. Min Max Min Min

PH

Conductivity

T. Hardness

Fluoride ND

Chloride

Sodium

Nitrate

Phosphates ND ND ND ND ND

Calcium

Magnesium

TDS

Cyanide ND ND ND ND ND ND

Sulphates ND

Alkalinity

F. Coliform ND

Total Coliforms

Mercury (as Hg) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Nickel (as Ni) ND ND ND ND ND

Zinc (as Zn) ND

Lead (as Pb) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Arsenic (as As) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Cadmium (as Cd) ND ND ND

Copper (as Cu) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Iron (as Fe) ND ND

Manganese (asMn) ND

26

27

28

29

30

Note: All values are in mg/L except pH, Conductivity (Micro mhos/cm) and TC and FC (Colonies/100ml)

Table 10 Contd. : GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF GREATER COCHIN (Kochi or Cochin) (Contd/-)

1 4.2 5.8 5.13 5.7 6.9 6.13 5.65

2 120 129 123 360 950 583 720

3 24 36 30 52 310 140 320

4 0.06 0.11 0.08 0.05 0.10 0.08 0.24

5 20 30 24.7 16 118 51 78

6 9.9 16.2 12.9 7.3 49 21.6 41.8

7 0.27 10.8 6.94 2.55 20.1 11.9 0.9

8

9 3 9.6 6.3 11.2 108 45.3 36.8

10 1.46 5.28 2.89 3.89 9.6 6.44 43.2

11 100 128 110 170 508 293 470

12

13 9 3.45 24.8 36.3 28.7 30

14 2 16 10.7 4 190 69 6

15 0.0 160 53 0.0 1,600 537 0.0

16 10 310 130 50 280 163

17

18 11 3.6

Chromium (as Cr) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Aldrin ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Dieldrin ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Lindane ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

DDT ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

S.NoParameters

G5 G6 G7Min Max Avg. Min Max Avg. Min

PH

Conductivity

T. Hardness

Fluoride mg/l

Chloride mg/l

Sodium mg/l

Nitrate mg/l

Phosphates mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Calcium mg/l

Magnesium mg/l

TDS mg/l

Cyanide mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Sulphates mg/l ND

Alkalinity mg/l

F. Coliform

Total Coliforms ND

Mercury mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Nickel mg/l ND ND ND ND ND

19 1,427 502 100 302 177 22,418

20 117.5 34.2

21

22 61 20.3

23 166 55.3

24 50 196 122 219 113 80

25 30 106 58.6 122 350 251 1,258

26

27

28

29

30

Note : G1 : Bramhapuram, G2 : Eloor, G3 : CEPZ (Cochin export processing zone), G4 : Kalamassery, G5 : Ambala mugal, G6 : Pattencherry, G7 : Edayar

Zinc mg/l ND

Lead mg/l ND ND ND ND ND

Arsenic mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Cadmium mg/l ND ND ND ND ND

Copper mg/l ND ND ND ND ND

Iron mg/l ND

Manganese mg/l

Chromium mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Aldrin mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Dieldrin mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Linden mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

DDT mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

7.0 6.13 4.64 6.7 5.38

1,040 576 40 172 100

232 142 6 30 14.6

0.28 0.16 0.10 0.06

206 120 14 26 20

125 83.5 3.2 19.4 8.8

4.85 2.23 0.91 2.72 1.65

0.05 0.01

40 24 1.6 9.6 4.3

37.9 19.9 0.49 1.44 0.97

392 301 32 228 98

28.3 12.9 3.4 2.13

150 92.6 6 10 8

350 167 70 23

590 320 600 243

605 335 30 130 93

12.5 4.2

43 14.3

23 7.7

700 473 70 197 122

590 307 10 96 45

G3 G4Max Avg. Min Max Avg.

ND

ND ND ND

ND ND ND N D ND

ND

ND

ND

ND ND ND ND ND

ND ND ND ND ND

ND ND ND

ND ND ND ND ND

ND ND ND

ND ND ND

Note: All values are in mg/L except pH, Conductivity (Micro mhos/cm) and TC and FC (Colonies/100ml)

Table 10 Contd. : GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF GREATER COCHIN (Kochi or Cochin) (Contd/-)

5.9 5.78

990 890

396 365

0.57 0.43

90 84

69 54.6

10.2 6.82

80 57.6

73.8 53.6

636 559

214 144

30 17.3

0.0 0.0

101 37

18.6 6.2

ND ND ND ND ND

ND ND ND ND ND

ND ND ND ND ND

ND ND ND ND ND

ND ND ND ND ND

G7Max Avg.

ND ND

ND ND

ND ND

26,500 24,039

66.2 22

531 177

110 36.6

525 255

3,740 2,319

Note : G1 : Bramhapuram, G2 : Eloor, G3 : CEPZ (Cochin export processing zone), G4 : Kalamassery, G5 : Ambala mugal, G6 : Pattencherry, G7 : Edayar

ND ND

ND ND

ND ND

ND ND

ND ND

ND ND

Table 11: Groundwater quality results of Kochi for the month of May 2002

1 6.6 930 192 0.24 200 106 1.1

2 7.15 500 90 0.15 18 13.6 1.73

3 5.09 57 14 0.07 14 5.6 1.39

4 4.64 172 30 0.08 26 19.4 0.91

5 5.8 120 36 0.09 20 9.9 0.27

6 6.9 950 310 0.10 118 49 2.55

7 5.65 960 380 0.47 90 69 0.90

Note: All Parameters are given in mg/L Expect pH and Conductivity (m/S/M) Total Coliform (Coliform colonies per 100 ml) ND : Not detectable

S. No. Location

pH ConductivityM.Mhos/cm

TotalHardness

Fluoride Chloride Sodium Nitrate

Bramapuram

Eloor

EPZ

Kamalasery

Ambalamugal

Mattencherry

Edayar

52 14.88 816 43 10 2,160

28 4.8 446 67 12 4

1.6 2.4 120 8 350

9.6 1.44 228 3 10 10

3 5.28 128 9 16 160

108 9.6 508 25 190 1,600

80 43.2 570 30

Note: All Parameters are given in mg/L Expect pH and Conductivity (m/S/M) Total Coliform (Coliform colonies per 100 ml) ND :

Phospates Calcium Magnesium TDS Cyanide Sulphate Alkalinity F.Colform

ND ND

ND ND

ND ND ND

ND ND

ND ND

ND ND

ND ND 215

Nil

2,000

50

10

280

T. Coliform

Nil

Nil

Nil

Table 12 : GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF KOCHI FOR THE MONTH OF MAY 2002 (Heavy Metals and Pesticide)

1 384 48 243

2 3.13 106 6 224

3 605 43 348

4 18.63 22,418 66.25 531 110 525

5 11.13 1,427 117.5 61 166 196

6 302 219

7 118 12.5 23 197

Note: All Parameters are given in mg/l Total Coliform (Coliform colonies per 100 ml) ND: Not detectable

Code Mercury Nickel Zinc Lead Arsenic Cadmium Copper Iron

ND ND ND ND ND

ND ND ND ND

ND ND ND ND ND

ND ND

ND ND

ND ND ND ND ND ND

ND ND ND ND

Table 12 : GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF KOCHI FOR THE MONTH OF MAY 2002 (Heavy Metals and Pesticide)

111

188

301

1,258

106

122

96

Note: All Parameters are given in mg/l Total Coliform (Coliform colonies per 100 ml) ND: Not detectable

Manganese Aldrin Dieldrin Linden DDT Chromium

ND ND ND ND ND

ND ND ND ND ND

ND ND ND ND ND

ND ND ND ND ND

ND ND ND ND ND

ND ND ND ND ND

ND ND ND ND ND

Table 13: GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF KOCHI FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER 2001 HEAVY (MEATLS AND PESTICIDE)

1 550 50

2 100 120

3 320 50

4 130 130

5 70 80

6 50 130

7 23,200

Note : All Parameters are given in μg/lt. Expect Total Coliform (Coliform colonies per 100 ml) ; ND : Not detectable

Code T.Coliform Mercury Nickel Zinc Lead Arsenic Cadmium Copper

ND ND ND ND ND ND

ND ND ND ND ND ND

ND ND ND ND ND ND

ND ND ND ND ND ND

ND ND ND ND ND ND

ND ND ND ND ND ND

10l ND ND ND ND ND ND

Table 13: GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF KOCHI FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER 2001 HEAVY (MEATLS AND PESTICIDE)

20

20

700 590

70 30

50 40

350

80 3,740


Iron Manganese Aldrin Dieldrin Linden DDT Chromium

ND ND ND ND ND ND

ND ND ND ND ND ND

ND ND ND ND ND

ND ND ND ND ND

ND ND ND ND ND

ND ND ND ND ND ND

ND ND ND ND ND

Table 14: GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF MANALI AREA (Contd../-)

1 70 80 75 5,000 5,000

2 50 80 65 3,000 5,000

1 0.0 0.123 0.0 0.2

2 0.0 0.0525 0.018 0.0 0.0175

3 0.0 6.145 3.073 0.0235 0.08

4 0.1183 0.80 0.521 0.14 2.512

5 0.0 0.0125 0.0042 0.0 0.0023

6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.04

7 0.0 0.0128 0.0043 0.0 0.0035


Table 14: GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF MANALI AREA (Contd/-…)

1 5,000 5,000 5,000 3,000 3,000

2 20 2,800 1,410 800 3,000

1 0.0 0.475 0.161 0.0 0.005

2 0.0 0.13 0.044 0.0 0.05

3 0.0268 0.19 0.108 0.0 1.3125

4 0.0 8.28 4.24 0.164 5.042

Sl. No.

Location code M1 M2

Parameters Min Max Avg. Min Max

BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERST. coliform

F. coliform

HEAVY METALSCopper 0.3.625

Cadmiun

Zinc

Manganese

Nickel

Lead

T-Chromium

Sl Location code M4 M5

Parameters Min Max Avg. Min Max

BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERSTotal coliform

Feacal coliform

HEAVY METALSCopper

Cadmiun

Zinc

Manganese

5 0.0 0.0975 0.0325 0.0 0.002

6 0.0 0.0053 0.002 0.0 0.0333

7 0.0 0.022 0.0073 0.0 0.006

Nickel

Lead

T-Chromium

5,000 30,000 50,000 40,000

4,000 17,000 22,000 19,500

0.068 0.0 2.625 0.877

0.0064 0.0 0.015 0.006

0.045 0.0 1.05 0.363

0.935 0.0 35.01 11.764

0.0008 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.013 0.0 0.0078 0.003

0.0012 0.0 0.0068 0.0023


3,000 800 900 850

1,900 500 800 650

0.0017 0.0 1.1625 0.39

0.017 0.0 0.01 0.003

0.443 0.0 0.465 0.175

2.740 0.04 0.690 0.320

M3

Avg Min Max Avg.

BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

HEAVY METALS

M6

Avg Min Max Avg.

BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

HEAVY METALS

0.0007 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0111 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0087 0.0 0.0053 0.002

Table 15: GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF MANALI AREA

1 7.4 7.6 7.5 7.3 7.6

2 3,090 4,950 4,020 1,820 2,250

3 2,018 3,058 2,434 1,128 1,150

4 354 506 413 323 360

5 234 924 480 171 363

6 154 600 320 91 342

7 27 324 160 21 80

8 268 1,076 601 63 225

9 464 667 560 270 450

10 11.1 49 25 1.3 2

11 600 688 640 384 436

12 0.017 0.99 0.36 0.01 0.76

13 0.0 0.076 0.028 0.0 0.013

14 0.022 0.61 0.32 0.43 0.64

Note : All Parameters are given in mg/l expect pH and Conductivity (Micro Mhos /cm), ND : Not detectable

Sl Location code M1 M2Parameters Min Max Avg. Min Max

PH

Conductivity

TDS

Alkalinity

T. Hardness

C. Hardness

Mg. Hardness

Chlorides

Sulphates

Nitrate-N

Sodium

Fluoride

Cyanide

Phosphate

7.4 7.2 7.8 7.5

2,035 1,260 5,650 3,455

1,137 420 3,101 1,506

345 92 360 225

251 137 1,170 530

201 123 700 363

50 14 470 167

164 295 1,410 862

352 38 922 389

1.73 1.9 10 4.72

401 64 552 262

0.27 0.012 0.80 0.34

0.008 0.0 0.013 0.004

0.546 0.33 1.58 0.810

Note : All Parameters are given in mg/l expect pH and Conductivity (Micro Mhos /cm), ND : Not detectable

M3Avg Min Max Avg.

Table 16: GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF MANALI AREA

7.6 3.09 2,226 380 282 154 25 460

7.4 1.82 11.28 323 171 90.72 81 225

7.6 1.26 996 92 282 266 4 295

6.4 4.5 530 1,320 966 83 995

7.4 3.97 3,050 248 393 196 46 1,395

7.6 2.58 2,248 98 504 378 29 470

Note : All Parameters are given in mg/l expect pH and Conductivity (Mili mhos /cm. ND : Not detectabl

GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF MANALI AREA FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER, 2001Name of Locations pH Conduc-

tivityTDS Alkalinity Total

Hard.CalciumHard.

Mg. Hard.

Chloride

Borewell nr. Councillor House,RajendraprasadSt., Manali

T.GurusamyHouse, New Town, Borewell Manali

Dug Well nr.ManikandanHouse, VinayagarKoil, Kanniammanpettai, Manali

Hand Pump atVeeran House, Maria mman Koil St., Elandanur,Manali

Dug Well at Gangaimman Koil, Sadayankuppam

Borewell atSubramanian House, II Cross Jothinagar,Thiruvottiyur,Manali

667 11.1 632 0.083 0.076 0.022

336.9 1.3 384 0.033 0.0119 0.43

208.2 1.9 170 0.21 0.0003 0.33

878.7 2.7 672 0.052 0.423 0.17

371.6 5.9 896 0.02 0.0182 0.394

402.9 2.9 432 0.01 0.0063 0.007

GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF MANALI AREA FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER, 2001Sulfate NO3-

NSodium Fluoride Cyanide Phos-

phate

Table 17: GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF MANALI AREA FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER, 2001

0.007

0.004 0.0018 0.0235

0.0065 0.0025 0.0395

0.0093 0.001 0.0268

0.005 0.0015 0.0163

0.0075 0.0595

Note : All Parameters are given in mg/l. ND : Not detectable

Name of Locations Cu Cd Zn

Borewell nr. Councillor House, RajendraprasadSt., Manali

ND

T.Gurusamy House, New Town, BorewellManali

Dug Well nr.Manikandan House, VinayagarKoil, Kanniammanpettai, Manali

Hand Pump at Veeran House, Maria mman KoilSt., Elandanur, Manali


Borewell at Subramanian House, II CrossJothinagar, Thiruvottiyur, Manali

ND

Table 17: GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF MANALI AREA FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER, 2001

0.1183 0.0128

0.1518 0.0023 0.04 0.0035

0.2818 0.0078 0.0068

4.425 0.0053 0.022

0.164 0.0333 0.006

0.2285 0.0053

Mn Ni Pb Total Cr

ND ND

ND

ND

ND

ND ND

Table 18: GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF MANALI AREA FOR THE MONTH OF JANUARY 2002

MICROBIAL EXAMINATION RESULTS FOR MANALI AREA - JANUARY, 2002Name of Locations

Borewell nr. Councillor House, Rajendra Prasad St, Manali

T.Gurusamy House, New Town, Borewell, Manali

Dug Well nr.Manikandan House, Vinayagar Koil,

Kanniammanpettai, Manali

Hand Pump at Veeran House, Mariamman Koil St,

Elandanur, Manali


Borewell at Subramanian House, II Cross

Jothinagar, Thiruvottiyur, Manali

70 50

5,000 3,000

30,000 22,000

5,000 2,800

3,000 800

900 500

TotalColiform

FaecalColiform


7.4 2,018 234 207.2 268 550 14.4

7.3 1,150 363 341.6 63.1 270 1.89

7.8 420 137 123.2 1,410 38 2.25

6.4 3,960 1,504 1,092 28.7 1,020 4.1

7.6 428 121 112 1,220 84 0.19

7.6 2,174 637 442 127 106 2.86

Note : All Parameters are given in mg/l expect pH and Conductivity (Mili mhos /cm). ND : Not detectable

Name of Locations pH TDS T. Hard Ca Hard Chloride SO4 2 NO3 N

Borewell nr. Councillor House, Rajendraprasad St., Manali

T.Gurusamy House, NewTown, Borewell Manali

Dug Well nr.Manikandan House, Vinayagar Koil, Kanniammanpettai, Manali

Hand Pump at Veeran House, Maria mman Koil St.,Elandanur, Manali

Dug Well at GangaimmanKoil, Sadayankuppam

Borewell at SubramanianHouse, II Cross Jothinagar, Thiruvottiyur, Manali


506 0.017 0.61 0.0072 688

360 0.01 0.64 0.013 384

222 0.012 1.58 0.0105 64

242 0.02 0.02 0.0472 592

32 0.004 0.03 0.0092 56

130 0.022 0.01 0.0088 424

T. Alkal. Fluoride Phosphate Cyanide Sodium


0.02

Note : All Parameters are given in μg/lt. ND : Not detectable

HEAVY METAL ANALYSIS RESULTS FOR MANALI AREA-JANUARY 2002Cu Cr

Borewell Nr. Councilor House, Rajendraprasad St., Manali ND ND

T. Gurusamy House, New Town Borewell, Manali ND ND

Dug well Nr. Manigandan House, Vinayagar Koil, Kanniammanpettai, Manali

ND ND

Hand pump at Veeran House, Mariamman Koil St., Elandanur, Manali ND ND

Dug well at Gangaimman Koil, Sadayankuppam ND

Borewell at Subramaniyan House, II Cross, Jothi Nagar, Thiruvottiyur, Manali

ND ND


0.0525 0.645

0.0175 0.14 0.03

0.015

0.13 0.0975 0.1075

0.05 3.015 1.3125

0.01 0.04

Cd Mn Ni Pb Zn

ND ND ND

ND ND

ND ND ND ND

ND ND

ND ND

ND ND ND

Table 21: GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF MANALI AREA FOR THE MONTH OF MAY 2002

7.5 4,950 3,058 924 600 324 1,076 464

7.6 2,250 1,134 220 170 50 204 450

7.2 5,650 3,101 1,170 700 470 881 922

6.8 5,800 3,547 350 660 690 841 1,199

7.1 800 407 152 114 38 52 147

7.3 4,100 2,309 620 170 350 969 101

Note: All Parameters are given in mg/l expect pH and Conductivity (Mili mhos /cm). ND: Not detectable

GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF MANALI AREA FOR THE MONTH OF MAY, 2002Name of Locations PH Conduc-

tivityTDS Total

Hard.CaHard.

Mg. Hard.

Chloride Sulfate

Borewell nr. Councillor House,RajendraprasadSt., Manali

T.GurusamyHouse, New Town, Borewell Manali

Dug Well nr.ManikandanHouse, VinayagarKoil, Kanniammanpettai, Manali

Hand Pump atVeeran House, Maria mman Koil St., Elandanur,Manali


Borewell atSubramanian House, II Cross Jothinagar,Thiruvottiyur,Manali

Table 21: GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF MANALI AREA FOR THE MONTH OF MAY 2002

49 354 0.99 0.0 0.320 600

2 352 0.76 0.0 0.568 436

10 360 0.80 0.0 0.514 552

15 372 1 0.0 0.145 522

3 156 0.56 0.0355 0.229 120

6 117 0.22 0.009 0.013 400

GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF MANALI AREA FOR THE MONTH OF MAY, 2002Nitrate N Total

AlkalinityFluo- ride

Cyanide Phosp hate

Sodium

Table 22: HEVAY METAL ANALYSIS RESULTS FOR MANALI - MAY, 2002

0.3625 0 6.145 0.8

0.2 0 0.08 2.512

2.625 0 1.05 35.01

0.475 0 0.19 8.28

0.0 0 0.0 5.042

1.1625 0 0.465 0.69

Note : All parameters are expressed in mg/l.

Name of Location Cu Cd Zn Mn

Borewell nr. Councilor House, Rajendraprasad st., Manali

T. Gurusamy House, New TownBorewell, Manali

Dug well near Manigandan House, Vinayagar Koil, Kanniammanpettai, Manali

Hand pum at Veeran House, MariammanKoil st, Elandanur, Manali

Dug well at Gangaimman Koil, Sadayankuppam

Borewell at Subramaniyan House, II Cross, Jothi Nagar, Thiruvottiyur, Manali

0.0125 0.0 0.0 5.5775

0.0 0.0 0.0 6.43

0.0 0.0 0.0 16.5

0.0 0.0 0.0 97.1

0.002 0.0 0.0 6.60

0.0 0.0 0.0 11.7

Ni Pb Cr Fe

Table 23: GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF VELLORE AREA

1 0.09 0.36 0.23 0 0.98 0.49

2 0 0.38 0.19 0 0.01 0.01

3 0 0.07 0.04 0 0.14 0.07

4 0.03 0.03 0.03 0 0.02 0.01

5 0 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.35 0.18

6 0.02 0.14 0.08 0 0.03 0.02

7 0.15 1.01 0.58 0.02 0.39 0.21

8 6.36 18.16

1 7 7.1 7.06 6.6 7.7 7.06 2 830 8,900

3 533 9,062 3,844 358 6,419 2,500 4 244 2,691 1,680 69 2,650 1,007 5 206 1,406 808 44.8 1,440 565 6 440 1,210 825 14 22 18 7 180 200 187 64 200 128 8 111 2,812 1,462 52 2,397 1,225 9 3.6 349 141.2 19.4 434 163.5 ### 3 53.3 37 1.81 56 23.2 ### 0.012 1.08 0.376 0.001 0.77 0.308 ### 0.0086 0.0186 0.0124 0.0045 0.03 0.017

### 0.02 0.151 0.087 0.021 0.11 0.057 ### 64 832 531 22 82 55.3 ### 5,000 9,000 7,000 110 140 125 ### 2,200 5,000 3,600 70 80 75

SUMMARY STATEMENT FOR HEAVY METALS IN VELLORE DISTRICT OF TAMIL NADULocation V1 V2

Parameters Min Max Mean Min Max Mean

Copper

Chromium

Cadmium

Manganese

Nickel

Lead

Zinc

Iron - - - -

SUMMARY STATEMENT FOR PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN VELLORE DISTRICT OF TAMIL NADULocation V8 V9Parameters Min. Max. Mean Min Max. Mean

PHConductivity - - - -

TDST-HardnessCa-HardnessMg HardnessT-AlkalinityChlorideSulphateNitrate- NFluorideCyanidePhosphateSodiumTotalF. Coliform

Contd....

SUMMARY STATEMENT FOR HEAVY METALS IN VELLORE DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU

Location V8 V9 V10 V11

1 0.2 0.2

2 0.0375 10.44 5.238 3.735 14.81

3 0 0.155 0.078 0.0175

4 0.06 1.95 1.01 2.08

5 0.002 0.2875 0.144

6 0

7 0.08 0.11 0.095 0.0275 0.175

8 9.96

Parameters Min. Max. Mean Min Max. Mean Min Max. Mean Min. Max.

Copper - - - - - - - - -

Chromium - - - - - -

Cadmium - - - - - - -

Manganese - - - - - - -

Nickel - - - - - - - -

Lead - - - - - - - - - -

Zinc - - - - - -

Iron - - - - - - - - - -

0.15 1.76 0.96 0 0.46 0.23 0 0.08 0.04 0

0 0.19 0.1 0 0.02 0.01 0 0.05 0.03 0

0 0.35 0.18 0 0.15 0.08 0 0.013 0.07 0

0.003 2.63 1.32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.01

0.01 1.57 0.79 0 0.3 0.15 0 0.14 0.07 0.01

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.02 0.7 0.36 0 0.7 0.35 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.09

11.44 13.43 13.03

7 7.6 7.23 7.3 7.6 7.43 7.1 7.6 7.33 7.3 880 1,280 16,000

556 646 588 723 1,472 1,118 3,950 8,568 6,557 1,512 198 333 279 333 363 345 1,605 3,030 2,291 480 168 286 213 200 330.4 250.8 820 1,232 983 454 39 140 90 26 2,210 1,118 235 730 483 22 160 284 205 256 396 328 164 459 351 206 44.02 128 86 111 286 199 2,374 3,644 3,009 500 51.5 90 74 78 158.9 115 600 1,062 832 108 3.64 8 5.3 31 51.7 43.5 33.3 43.7 40 21.1 0.03 0.71 0.276 0.004 1.14 0.403 0.02 1.02 0.37 0.019 0 0.243 0.1245 0 0.0158 0.011 0 0.0158 0.0133 0

0.006 0.11 0.047 0.19 1.37 0.65 0.014 0.11 0.051 0.029 88 108 96 112 280 203 120 1,700 1,039 472 2 90 46 30,000 50,000 40,000 2,400 2,800 2,600 1,300 2 26 14 24,000 30,000 27,000 1,300 1,700 1,500 1,100

SUMMARY STATEMENT FOR HEAVY METALS IN VELLORE DISTRICT OF TAMIL NADUV3 V4 V5 V6

Min Max. Mean Min. Max. Mean Min Max. Mean Min.

- - - - - - -

SUMMARY STATEMENT FOR PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN VELLORE DISTRICT OF TAMIL NADUV10 V11 V12 V13Min Max. Mean Min. Max. Mean Min. Max. Mean Min.

- - - - - - -

V12 V13 V14

1.6225 0.0275

0.175 0.0475 0.085

0.035 0.06 0.04 0.1125

0.6325

0.0525

0.6225

0.335 0.01 0.735 2.2825

Mean Min. Max. Mean Min. Max. Mean Min. Max. Mean

- - - - - - - -

- - - - - - -

- - - - - -

- - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - -

- - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - -

0.82 0.41 0 0.19 0.1

0.04 0.02 0 0.02 0.01

0.22 0.11 0 0.07 0.04

0.87 0.44 0 0.04 0.02

0.51 0.25 0 0 0

5.88 2.94 0 0 0

0.33 0.21 0.11 0.33 0.22

8.91 9.18

7.4 7.36 7.14 7.6 7.41 6,950 3,150

3,916 2,467 1,402 4,426 3,229 1,210 748 312 1,523 1,085 480 465 160 1,106 692 152 87 100 237 214 650 391 300 509 410 1,320 910 356 1,299.5 828 637 303 199 554 381 64 38 38 71.4 59.1 1.2 0.425 0.032 1.03 0.382 0.006 0.0039 0 0.0074 0.0054

0.3 0.178 0.96 0.1 0.08 800 584 400 760 615.3 1,400 1,350 14,000 16,000 15,000 1,300 1,200 9,000 11,000 10,000

V6 V7

Max. Mean Min. Max. Mean

- - -

V13 V14Max. Mean Min. Max. Mean

- - -

Table 24: GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF VELLORE AREA FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER 2001

MICROBIAL EXAMINATION RESULTS FOR VELLORE DISTRICT - SEPTEMBER 2001Name of Locations

Ranipet Library opposite

TCL Anna nagar Sipcot, Ranipet

Yembrodu Nagar, Jayavel House, Ranipet

Chitran Vajram Factory well Mardhangal, Amboor Road, Ranipet

Munisamy House, Mahavir Road, Kudiyatham

Nr. Sumangali Cinema Tent Dug Well, Peranampet

Borewell at Maswood & ETP Company,Peranampet

Annamalai Chettiar Dug Well, Chinna Thamma Cheruvu

A.R. Kumar Naidu Well, Ambur Road,Periyavaraikkam

Panchayat Dug Well, Periyavaraikkam

Hand Pump at Vengata Samudram nr. Microwave Tower

Rajratnam Open well at Solur

Hand Pump at Narajapuram-Kachery Rd, Vaniyambadi

Dug Well at Kudiatham Rd, Vaimbattu, Nr Ration Shop

Note : All Parameters are given in μg/lt. Expect Total Coliform (Coliform colonies per 100 ml) ; ND :


40 40

230 130

700 500

2,200 1,100

50,000 30,000

30,000 30,000

16,000 5,000

9,000 5,000

110 80

50,000 30,000

2,400 1,300

1,300 1,300

16,000 9,000

MICROBIAL EXAMINATION RESULTS FOR VELLORE DISTRICT - SEPTEMBER 2001Total Coliform Faecal Coliform

< 2 < 2


7.4 2 856 290 498 444 13 105

7.1 88.3 5,922 250 2,068 1,109 224 1,874

7.6 77.3 15,994 200 4,334 2,968 320 5,573

6.6 8.3 14,412 250 1,633 1,400 62 1,450

7.2 1.66 1,252 186 252 182 16 500

6.5 20 22,416 353 4,334 1,526 657 8,397

7.1 1.97 1,958 220 484 476 1.87 375

7.1 4.41 9,062 180 2,691 812 440 2,812

6.6 14.3 722 200 302 210 22 52

7 6.02 646 160 333 168 39 128

7.4 1.24 1,472 256 333 222 26 286

7.1 8.16 7,152 430 2,238 1,232 235 2,374

7.4 3.01 1,912 650 554 462 22 500

7.5 5.04 4,426 420 1,532 1,106 100 1,299.5

Note : All Parameters are given in mg/l expect pH and Conductivity (Mili mhos /cm). ND: Not detectable

GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF VELLORE DISTRICT FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER, 2001Name of Locations pH Condu

ctivityTDS Alkalinity Total

Hard.CaHard.

MgHard.

Chloride



Yembrodu Nagar, JayavelHouse Ranipet

Chitran Vajram Factory well Mardhangal Amboor Road, Ranipet

Munisamy House, MahavirRoad, Kudiyatham

Nr. Sumangali CInema TentDug Well Peranampet

Borewell at Maswood & ETP Company Peranampet

Annamalai Chettiar Dug WellChinna Thamma Cheruvu

A.R. Kumar Naidu Well, Ambur Road, Periyavaraikkam


Hand Pump at Vengata Samudram near Microwave Tower

Rajratnam Open well atSolur

Hand Pump at Narajapuram- Kachery Rd, Vaniyambadi

Dug Well at Kudiatham Rd, Vaimbattu Nr Ration shop


92.69 24.9 88 0.075 0.02

306.3 57.3 624 0.06 0.0018 0.013

1,589.5 18.1 1,920 0.06 0.0295 0.05

170.1 14.5 464 0.044 0.0058 0.02

49.25 15.8 368 0.042 0.01

792.5 62.3 1,960 0.041 0.043 0.06

90.9 19.1 70 0.019 0.022

349 53.3 832 0.035 0.0186 0.02

19.4 11.8 82 0.154 0.04

51.5 3.64 88 0.088 0.243 0.006

158.9 51.7 280 0.065 0.0015 0.38

805.9 43.7 1,296 0.06 0.0158 0.014

165 21.1 480 0.056 0.0018 0.206

554 68 680 0.083 0.0034 0.1

GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF VELLORE DISTRICT FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER, 2001Sulfate NO3-N Sodium Fluoride Cyanide Phosphate

NIL

Nil

Nil

Nil

Table 26: GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF NORTH ARCOT (VELLORE) AREA FOR THE MONTH OF JAN 2002

7.4 1,030 512 342 12,450 90

7.4 92 1,855 1,081 69,100 308

6.8 160 3,165 1,058 15,000 1,500

6.9 1,788 2,165 1,092 11,000 228

6.7 2,850 996 1,036 3,210 132

6.8 2,614 2,060 969 519 196

7.4 2,078 738 846 2,670 102

7.1 1,938 2,105 1,406 316 3.6

7.7 358 69 44.8 189 37

7.1 556 306 286 294 79

7.3 1,158 363 330.4 3,230 108

7.3 3,950 1,605 896 555 600

7.3 1,512 480 454 1,760 108

7.14 3,860 1,419 809 439 390

Note: All Parameters are given in mg/l expect pH and Conductivity (Mili mhos /cm). ND: Not detectable

GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF VELLORE DISTRICT FOR THE MONTH OF JANUARY, 2002Name of Locations pH TDS Total

Hard.Cal.Hard.

Chloride SO4



Yembrodu Nagar, Jayavel HouseRanipet

Chitran Vajram Factory wellMardhangal Amboor Road, Ranipet


Nr. Sumangali Cinema Tent DugWell Peranampet

Borewell at Maswood & ETP Company Peranampet

Annamalai Chettiar Dug WellChinna Thamma Cheruvu

A.R. Kumar Naidu Well, AmburRoad, Periyavaraikkam


Hand Pump at Vengata Samudram nr Microwave Tower


Hand Pump at Narajapuram- Kachery Rd, Vaniyambadi

Dug Well at Kudiatham Rd, Vaimbattu Nr Ration shop

Table 26: GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF NORTH ARCOT (VELLORE) AREA FOR THE MONTH OF JAN 2002

35.5 208 0.03 0.04 0.008 90

70.2 72 0.02 0.04 0.0102 680

21.6 128 0.018 0.04 0.0249 2,520

21.7 174 0.013 0.06 0.0099 600

34.8 106 0.01 0.05 0.0069 800

30 152 0.013 0.05 0.0104 816

20.1 172 0.011 0.05 0.0048 144

53.3 182 0.012 0.09 0.0086 696

1.81 64 0.001 0.11 0.0045 22

4.4 170 0.03 0.11 0.0098 108

47.7 396 0.004 1.37 0.0061 216

33.3 164 0.02 0.11 0.0108 1,700

28.8 206 0.019 0.3 0.006 472

71.4 300 0.032 0.06 0.0074 760

GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF VELLORE DISTRICT FOR THE MONTH OF JANUARY, 2002NO3-N Total

AlkalinityFluoride Phosphate Cyanide Sodium

Table 27: GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF VELLORE AREA FOR THE MONTH OF JANUARY 2002

0.0925 0.375

0.01

0.1525 0.19

0.015

0.045

0.035

0.0175

0.0375

3.735

14.81

0.175

1.6225 0.0475

0.0275 0.085

Note: All values are given in mg/l. ND: Not detectable

HEAVY METAL ANALYSIS RESULTS FOR VELLORE DISTRICT-JANUARY 2002Cu Cr

Ranipet Library, Opposite

TCL Anna Nagar, Sipcot, Ranipet ND


Chitran Vajram Factory well Mardhangal Amboor Rd, Ranipet ND

Munisamy House, Mahavir Nagar, Kudiyatham ND

Nr. Sumangali Cinema Tent Dug well Peranampet ND

Borewell at Masood & ETP Company Peranampet ND

Annamali Chettiyar Dug well Chinna Thamma Cheruvu ND

A.R. Kumar Naidu Well, Ambur Rd., Periyavaraikkam ND

Panchayat Dug well, Periyavaraikkam ND

Hand pump at Vengata Samudram nr. Microwave Tower ND ND

Rajrathnam open well at Solur ND

Hand pump at Narajapuram-Kachery Rd, Vaniyambadi

Dug well at Kudiyatham Rd, Vaimbattu nr. Ration shop


0.065 0.025 0.1375 1.0075

0.1425 0.3475 0.02

0.3525 0.0025 1.5725 0.015

0.15 0.2975

0.125 0.1425 0.03

0.215 0.87 0.505 5.875 0.0875

0.0725 0.0425 0.11

0.155 0.06 0.2875 0.11

0.0275

0.0175 2.08 0.175

0.035 0.335

0.06 0.01

0.04 0.6325 0.6225 0.735

0.1125 0.0525 2.2825

Cd Mn Ni Pb Zn

ND

ND ND

ND

ND ND ND

ND ND

ND ND

ND

ND ND ND ND

ND ND

ND ND ND

ND ND ND

ND

ND ND


Note: All values are given in colonies per 100 ml

MICROBIAL EXAMINATION RESULTS FOR VELLORE DISTRICT - JANUARY, 2002Name of Locations




Chitran Vajram Factory well Mardhangal, Amboor Rd, Ranipet


Nr. Sumangali Cinema Tent Dug Well, Peranampet

Borewell at Maswood & ETP Company,Peranampet

Annamalai Chettiar Dug Well, Chinna Thamma Cheruvu

A.R. Kumar Naidu Well, Ambur Road, Periyavaraikkam


Hand Pump at Vengata Samudram nr. Microwave Tower


Hand Pump at Narajapuram-Kachery Rd, Vaniyambadi

Dug Well at Kudiatham Rd, Vaimbattu, Nr Ration Shop


230

1,400 330

1,100 700

2,100 1,200

30,000 22,000

16,000 11,000

14,000 4,000

5,000 2,200

140 70

90 26

30,000 24,000

2,800 1,700

1,400 1,100

14,000 11,000

Total Coliform Faecal Coliform

< 2

Table 29: GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF VELLORE AREA FOR THE MONTH OF May 2002

7.4 2,250 1,416 444 396 48 291 187

7.4 7,050 5,181 2,200 1,360 1,840 2,005 352

7.8 21,800 14,839 5,400 3,560 520 6,188 1,585

6.8 7,100 4,192 1,470 450 124 1,981 209

7.2 2,550 1,314 132 80 1,740 547 692

7.0 9,400 6,457 2,660 920 130 2,666 246

7.2 2,500 1,580 680 550 38 425 90

7.0 830 533 244 206 1,210 111 71

6.9 8,900 6,419 2,650 1,440 14 2,397 434

7.6 880 561 198 184 140 44.02 90

7.6 1,280 723 340 200 2,210 111 78

7.6 16,000 8,568 3,030 820 730 3,644 1,062

7.4 6,950 3,916 1,210 480 152 1,320 637

7.6 3,150 1,402 312 160 327 356 199

Note: All values are in mg/L except pH and Conductivity (Micro mhos/cm)

GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF VELLORE DISTRICT FOR THE MONTH OF MAY, 2002Name of Locations pH Conduc-

tivityTDS Total

Hard.CaHard.

MgHard.

Chloride SO4

Ranipet Library oppositeTCL Anna nagar Sipcot, RanipetYembrodu Nagar, Jayavel HouseRanipetChitran Vajram Factory wellMardhangal Amboor Road, RanipetMunisamy House, Mahavir Road, KudiyathamNr. Sumangali Cinema Tent DugWell PeranampetBorewell at Maswood & ETP Company PeranampetAnnamalai Chettiar Dug WellChinna Thamma CheruvuA.R. Kumar Naidu Well, AmburRoad, PeriyavaraikkamPanchayat Dug Well, Periyavaraikkam

Hand Pump at Vengata Samudram nr Microwave TowerRajratnam Open well at SolurHand Pump at Narajapuram- Kachery Rd, VaniyambadiDug Well at Kudiatham Rd, Vaimbattu Nr Ration shop

Table 29: GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF VELLORE AREA FOR THE MONTH OF May 2002

46 360 0.91 0.0 0.650 226

52 234 0.95 0.26 0.010 736

16 198 1.27 0.017 232

17 158 1 0.0 0.00 56

24 192 0.98 0.0 0.0 504

35 111 0.65 0.0 0.0 752

17 252 0.48 0.0 0.01 88

3 200 1.08 0.01 0.151 64

56 119 0.77 0.03 0.021 62

8 284 0.71 0.0 0.026 92

31 333 1.14 0.0 0.19 112

42 459 1.02 0.0 0.03 120

64 318 1.20 0.0 0.029 800

38 509 1.03 0.0 0.08 400

GROUNDWATER QUALITY RESULTS OF VELLORE DISTRICT FOR THE MONTH OF MAY, 2002NO3-N Total

Alkali.Fluoride Cyanide PO4 Sodium

Table 30: HEVAY METAL ANALYSIS RESULTS FOR VELLORE DISTRICT - MAY 2002

0.3625 0

0.98120 0

1.76 0

0.46 0

0.08 0

0.82 0

0.19 0

0.2 0

Name of Location Cu Cd

Ranipet Library Opposite

TCL Anna Nagar, Sipcot, Ranipet


Chitran Vajram Factory well Mardhangal Amboor Rd, Ranipet

Munisamy House, Mahavir Nagar, Kudiyatham

Nr. Sumangali CinemaTent Dug well Peranampet

Borewell at Masood & ETP Company Peranampet

Annamalai Chettiyar Dug well Chinna Thamma Cheruvu

0.15 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.0 6.36

0.39 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.0 18.16

0.70 2.63 0.01 0.0 0.0 11.44

0.18 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.03

0.03 0.0 0.01 0.0 0.0 13.10

0.33 0.005 0.01 0.0 0.0 8.91

0.07 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.18

0.08 1.950 0.002 0.0 10.44 9.96

Zn Mn Ni Pb Cr Fe

Table 31) a): Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Groundwater in the Problem area of Ankaleshwar (Gujarat)

All Values except pH, Total Colliform (TC), Feacal Colliform (FC) and Conductivity are in mg/ l. BDL – Below detectable limit, B- Bore well and D- Dug well. TC and FC values are in MPN. (--) Sample not collected due to damage of Hand pump.

Table 31) b): Heavy Metals in the Groundwater of Ankaleshwar (Gujarat)

Area With field code Limits→

pH6.5-8.5

TDS500

Cond. TH300

Ca75

Mg30

Alk200

Cl250

SO4

200

1. Near CETP (B) AK-01Round 1Round 2Round 3Round 4

7.67.57.47.6

1270114815201388

2100202025002100

150111193467

25.620.840372

20.814.322.794

454402456480

335330382393

21326323278

2. Piramal School (B) AK-02Round 1Round 2Round 3Round 4

7.17.2--7.5

23362044--1690

37003620--2500

367253--565

72.047.6--552

45.432.6--13

60220--340

690695--631

283369--254

3. Bharuch Naka(B) AK-03Round 1Round 2Round 3Round 4

7.67.57.57.7

2920408034165270

5000672057007600

2863863802033

46.872.881.41396

4149.670.9637

556980597714

1133157912172428

298613489965

LocationLimits -->

Cr0.05

Pb0.05

Zn5.00

Cd0.01

Ni Fe0.3

Cu0.05

Mn0.1

1. Near CETP (B)Code: AK-01

Round 1Round 2Round 3Round 4

0.004BDL0.051BDL

0.057BDL BDL BDL

BDLBDL BDL0.038

BDLBDL BDL BDL

BDL0.012BDL0.015

BDL0.4040.0220.065

0.0090.015BDL0.026

BDL0.007BDL0.024

2. Piraman School (B)Code: AK-02


0.1610.015-- BDL

0.06BDL--0.009

0.0160.056--0.030

BDL0.004----

BDL0.036-- BDL

0.1555.655--0.035

0.0850.107--0.028

0.0890.21--0.005

3.Bharuch Naka (B)Code: AK-03

(--) Sample not collected due to damage of pump. All Values are expressed in ppm (mg/ l) and BDL – Bellow detectable limit


0.1470.0370.072BDL

0.054ND BDL BDL

NDND1.1570.166

0.0010.001BDL0.003

NDND BDL BDL

ND0.0220.2450.419

0.087ND0.0080.036

0.1270.0560.2610.0651

Table 31) a): Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Groundwater in the Problem area of Ankaleshwar (Gujarat)

All Values except pH, Total Colliform (TC), Feacal Colliform (FC) and Conductivity are in mg/ l. BDL – Below detectable limit, B- Bore well

PO4 TC FC NO3-N45

F1.0

Na

0.170.070.0030.01

3030BDL BDL

BDLBDL BDL BDL

0.46BDL6.30.53

0.920.650.60.56

40067496

0.13BDL--0.01

BDLBDL-- BDL

BDLBDL-- BDL

72.965.5--5.4

0.700.41--0.56

610490--

0.550.560.650.58

500900130BDL

11011023BDL

31.528.419.91.65

0.40.590.80.89

790870720

Table 32) a): Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Groundwater of Vapi (Gujarat)

Note:All Values except pH, Total Colliform (TC), Feacal Colliform (FC) and Conductivity are expressed in mg/ l. BDL – Bellow detectable limit, 227

B- Bore well and D- Dug well. TC and FC values are in MPN/100ml. Conductivity values are expressed in µmhos/cm

Table 32) b): Heavy Metals in the Ground Water of Vapi (Gujarat)

b. Charwad road (B) Code: VP-02 Round 1 0.793 0.048 0.185 0.006 BDL BDL 0.014 0.073Round 2 BDL BDL 0.926 BDL BDL 0.425 0.003 BDLRound 3 BDL BDL 0.515 0.002 BDL 0.737 0.011 BDLRound 4 BDL 0.003 1.389 BDL BDL 0.138 0.004 0.007

All Values are expressed in mg/ l. B- Bore well.

Area / LocationWith field codeLimits→

pH6.5-8.5

TDS500

Con TH300

Ca75

Mg30

Alk200

Cl250

SO4

200PO4

1. Near IOC Godown (B) VP-01Round 1Round 2Round 3Round 4

7.17.07.17.3

125296412741206

1880191018701660

355254354894

815882112

372736150

616559508614

217218191212

100739981

BDL3.980.060.032

2. Charwad road (B) Code: VP-02Round 1Round 2Round 3Round 4

7.77.97.97.8

103410085401156

194019009401940

1179288334

22181568

15111239.9

376353189380

355365132428

85704985

BDL0.040.050.032

Area / LocationLimits→

Cr0.05

Pb0.05

Zn5.0

Cd0.01

Ni Fe0.3

Cu0.05

Mn0.1

a . Near IOC Godown (B) Code: VP-01Round 1Round 2Round 3Round 4

0.793BDL BDL BDL

0.048BDL BDL0.003

0.1850.9260.5151.389

0.006BDL0.002BDL

BDLBDL BDL BDL

BDL0.4250.7370.138

0.0140.0030.0110.004

0.073BDL BDL0.007

Table 32) a): Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Groundwater of Vapi (Gujarat)

Note:All Values except pH, Total Colliform (TC), Feacal Colliform (FC) and Conductivity are expressed in mg/ l. BDL – Bellow detectable limit,

TC FC NO3-N45

F1.0

Na CN

>1600BDL90023

>1600BDL3023

422070.44.2

0.250.290.270.19

81756962

BDL----

BDL BDLBDL30

BDL BDLBDL30

1365.71.3

1.051.120.270.5

706794292

BDL----

Table 33: Heavy Metals in the Groundwater of Chembur

All Values are expressed in ppm (mg/ l). BDL – Bellow detectable limit. (--) Sample not collected due to damage of pump

Area / LocationLimit⇒

Cr0.05

Pb0.05

Zn5.0

1. Near Pepsico (B) CH-1Round 1Round 2Round 3Round 4

BDL BDL0.0130.007

BDL BDLBDLBDL

0.580.0120.002

2. Ambapada (D) CH-2


BDLBDL0.014--

BDLBDL BDL---

BDL0.036BDL--

3. Near BPCL (B) CH3


BDLBDL0.008BDL

BDLBDL BDLBDL

0.11BDL BDL1.24

4.Acharya Ap (D) B CH4


BDLBDL0.032BDL

0.089BDL BDL0.02

BDL0.0070.01BDL

5. Meriland Apt. (B) CH5


BDLBDL--0.343

BDLBDL--0.025

0.0090.174--0.014

6.Vadavali Vill. (B) CH6


BDL0.0260.02BDL

BDLBDL BDL0.002

0.2020.2180.0650.06

Cd0.01

Ni Fe0.3

Cu0.05

Mn0.1

BDL BDLBDLBDL

BDL0.012BDL BDL

0.4010.083BDL BDL

0.0020.005BDL BDL

BDL BDLBDLBDL

BDLBDL BDL--

BDL0.0040.002--

0.1700.479BDL--

0.0070.016BDL--

BDL0.168BDL---

BDLBDL BDLBDL

0.005BDL0.022BDL

0.6290.026BDL1.155

0.0030.001BDL0.012

BDLBDL0.0060.365

0.002BDL BDL0.002

0.0020.0020.039BDL

BDL0.0550.06BDL

0.0040.0060.0020.002

0.0180.1380.101BDL

BDLBDL-- BDL

0.0100.029-- BDL

0.0040.067--0.275

0.0010.005--0.008

BDLBDL--0.285

BDLBDL BDL0.002

BDL0.0030.002BDL

0.770.6870.4220.398

0.0060.0150.0030.010

BDLBDL0.0310.013

Table 34: Physico-Chemical characteristics of groundwater in the problem area of Tarapur (Maharashtra)

7.7 1,330 2,000 180 21 31 427 271

All Values except pH, Total Colliform (TC), Feacal Colliform (FC) and Conductivity are expressed in mg/ l. BDL – Below detectable imit, B- Bore well and D- Dug well. TC and FC values are in MPN/100ml. Conductivity values are expressed in µmhos/cm.

Area / LocationWith field codeLimits→

pH6.5-8.5

TDS500

Cond TH300

Ca75

Mg30

Alk200

Cl250

1. Chandrika Nagar (B) TP 1Round 1Round 2Round 3Round 4

7.27.27.07.9

690456652654

990860960980

191168149466

474438304

181413162

347353350312

949181107

2. Dhodiapada(B)TP2 Round 1Round 2Round 3Round 4

7.47.47.37.6

706568972896

1100110013601300

193165194628

383449316

24201731

388343374432

143147186201

3. MIDC Centre(D)TP3 Round 1Round 2Round 3Round 4

7.57.87.77.7

169014523081740

190018305501950

371336751011

868121624

38327387

326127192290

32029539346

4. Ospada Vill.(B)TP4 Round 1Round 2Round 3Round 4

7.77.67.57.8

636476550742

9409109401090

152140148483

282230208

202118275

311265312362

10311288126

5. Kolwade Vill(B)TP5 Round 1Round 2Round 3Round 4

7.47.27.17.4

6884769261032

91091012001260

155140207591

362249366

162121225

222265274190

113112158236

6. Kumbavali vill(B)TP6 Round 1Round 2Round 3Round 4

7.87.77.57.9

236208306220

320260560310

535198154

11122683

65871

153157224150

25213916

7. Pasthal Vill(B)TP7 Round 1

Table 34: Physico-Chemical characteristics of groundwater in the problem area of Tarapur (Maharashtra)

294 48.0 38

All Values except pH, Total Colliform (TC), Feacal Colliform (FC) and Conductivity are expressed in mg/ l. BDL – Below detectable imit, B- Bore well and D- Dug well. TC and FC values are in MPN/100ml. Conductivity values are expressed in µmhos/cm.

SO4

200PO4 TC FC NO3-N

45F1.0

Na

48417069

0.050.070.04BDL

>1600>1600>1600BDL

>1600>1600900BDL

8.71.66.7

BDL0.060.2140.50

38364550

11176052

BDL0.040.060.014

>160017>1600300

>160013350300

BDL BDL34.2

0.50.470.5920.73

57566362

32827453199

BDL BDL0.280.099

>1600>1600-->1600

>1600>1600--1600

20.338.211.6

BDL4.50.7010.44

54625154

34346888

BDL BDL0.02BDL

>1600110>1600>1600

>160080350>1600

5.35.57.4

0.120.480.8110.73

56576067

37346081

BDL BDL0.003BDL

>1600110>1600--

>160080350--

34.45.575.1

0.080.480.2790.10

42575150

1356

BDL BDL0.02BDL

>16003013050

>160017309

BDL2.28.9

0.60.760.532056

27273530

BDL >1600 >1600 BDL

Table 35: Heavy Metals in the Groundwater of Tarapur

0.020 0.003

All values are expressed in ppm (mg/ l). BDL – Bellow detectable limit, B- Bore well and D- Dug well.

Area / LocationLimit ⇒

Cr0.05

Pb0.05

Zn5.0

Cd0.01

1. Chandrika Nagar (B)TP 1 Round 1Round 2Round 3Round 4

BDL BDL- BDL

BDL BDL BDLBDL

0.320.136BDL BDL

BDL0.001BDL BDL

2. Dhodiapada (B)TP 2 Round 1Round 2Round 3Round 4

BDL BDL0.009BDL

BDL BDL BDLBDL

BDL0.043BDLBDL

BDL BDL BDLBDL

3. MIDC Centre (D)TP 3 Round 1Round 2Round 3Round 4

BDL BDL BDLBDL

BDL BDL BDL0.009

BDL0.0080.01BDL

BDL0.005BDL BDL

4. Ospada Vill. (B)TP 4 Round 1Round 2Round 3Round 4

BDL BDLBDLBDL

BDL BDLBDLBDL

BDL0.026BDL0.469

BDL0.007BDL BDL

5. Kolwade Vill. (B)TP 5 Round 1Round 2Round 3Round 4

BDL0.027BDL BDL

BDL BDL0.024BDL

BDL0.005BDL0.012

BDL BDLBDLBDL

6. Kumbavali Vill. (B)TP 6 Round 1Round 2Round 3Round 4

BDL0.107BDL BDL

0.042BDL-0.014

BDL0.0110.016BDL

0.002BDL BDL BDL

7. Pasthal Vill. (B)TP 7 Round 1

BDL BDL

0.005 0.006

Ni Fe0.3

Cu0.05

Mn0.1

0.017BDL- BDL

BDL0.566- BDL

0.0010.02BDL0.005

BDL0.26BDL BDL

BDL0.021BDLBDL

1.0150.805BDL0.17

0.0080.018BDL0.006

BDL.008BDL0.033

BDL0.0350.010.031

BDL0.0990.1540.186

0.0030.0110.0010.019

BDL0.0430.0150.196

0.007BDL BDL BDL

0.0490.466BDL0.227

0.0010.01BDL0.012

BDL BDLBDL0.015

0.013BDL BDL BDL

BDL0.177BDL0.615

BDL0.009BDL0.008

BDL BDLBDL0.013

BDL0.012BDL BDL

0.0610.866BDL0.83

0.0010.0060.0030.003

BDL BDL0.0020.002

BDL BDL

Table 36: Groundwater physico-chemical parameters in Digboi as on May 2002, January 2002 and September 2001

8.5 9.2 7.1 6.5 6.7 7.4 6.8 6.2 7.3

1.11 5.0 12.5

352 411 380 296 353 325 315 346 330

8.20 40.0 8.0 56.42 96.0 18.0 125.58 200 38.0

3.79 28.4 6.0 13.85 50.0 10 21.88 140.0 26.0

124.0 24.0 40.0 74.8 126.0 12.0 148.2 208.0 24.0

1.61 26.0 4.0 42.02 63.0 54 9.69 53.0 14.0

0.1 0.1 0.1

196 230.4 210 205 504 350 221 144 205

0.210 0.51 0.99

12.0 32.0 28.0

2.0 8.0 12.0

ParametersHawkinspara (016) Kalibari (017) Missionpara (018)May'02 Jan'02 Sep'01 May'02 Jan'02 Sep'01 May'02 Jan'02 Sep'01

PH

Turbidity(NTU)

- - - - - -

Conductivity(umhos/cm)

T-Hardness(mg/l)

Calcium (mg/l)

T-alkalinity(mg/l)

Chloride (mg/l)

Phosphate(mg/l)

BDL - - BDL - - BDL - -

Fluoride (mg/l) BDL BDL - BDL -

TDS (mg/l)

Iron (mg/l) - - - - - -

Sulphate (mg/l) - - - - - -

Magnesium(mg/l)

- - - - - -

Table 36: Groundwater physico-chemical parameters in Digboi as on May 2002, January 2002 and September 2001

6.7 6.0 7.2 6.6 6.7 7.2

3.44 21.9

237 353 290 179 210 195

49.14 136 20.0 56.48 124 14.0

13.85 82.0 14.0 8.82 8.0

46.2 96.0 8.0 90.2 126 12.0

38.25 34.0 34.0 12.93 21.0 20.0

0.03 0.20

196 130 165 156 106.5 139

0.21 3.14

22.0 18.0

6.0 6.0

Golai (019) Borbil (020)May'02 Jan'02 Sep'01 May'02 Jan'02 Sep'01

- - - -

Nil

BDL - - BDL - -

BDL - BDL -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

Table 37: Summary Statement for Heavy Metals in Digboi as on May 2002, January 2002 and September 2001

0.28 0.03 0.08 0.06 0.02 0.01

0.50 0.51 0.47 1.80 3.28 1.0 0.49 1.55 0.99

0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02

0.01 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.02

0.01

0.02 0.09 9.24 2.59 6.30 2.66 10.13 3.80

0.08 0.1 0.04 0.02 0.10 0.06 0.03 0.1 0.08

0.30 0.35 0.18 0.51 0.71 0.6 0.99 0.64 0.32

NA - Not Analyzed ND - Not detectable

Heavy Metals Hawkinspara (016) Kalibari (017) Missionpara (018)May'02 Jan'02 Sep'01 May'02 Jan'02 Sep'01 May'02 Jan'02 Sep'01

Cu NA NA NA

Zn

Cr ND ND ND

Ni ND ND ND

Cd ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Mn ND

Pb

Fe

Table 37: Summary Statement for Heavy Metals in Digboi as on May 2002, January 2002 and September 2001

0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02

0.47 0.75 0.11 1.5 0.90

0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01

0.06 0.07 0.05 0.07 0.06

0.01

0.06 1.00 0.06 3.52 2.46 4.0

0.07 0.03 0.09 0.14 0.10 0.11

0.21 0.15 0.2 3.14 1.83 0.20

Missionpara (018) Golai (019) Borbil (020)May'02 Jan'02 Sep'01 May'02 Jan'02 Sep'01

NA NA

ND

Nd ND

ND

ND ND ND ND ND

Acknowledgements for Metropolitan cities work

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Acknowledgements for Problem Area work

Sl No. Metropolitan city Agency

Agra National Institute of Hydrology (NIH), Roorkee

Meerut National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee

Madurai National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee

Vijaiwada National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee

Chennai National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee

Coimbatore National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee

Lucknow Pollution Control Research Institute, (PCRI), BHEL, Haridwar

Ludhiana Pollution Control Research Institute, (PCRI), BHEL, Haridwar

SlNo.

Problem Area Agency

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Durgapur CPCB Zonal Office - Kolkata

Howrah CPCB Zonal Office – Kolkata

Dhanbad CPCB Zonal Office – Kolkata

Angul Talcher Pollution Control Board Orissa, Bhubaneshwar

Singrauli CPCB Zonal Office - Kanpur

Visakapatnam CPCB Zonal Office – Bangalore

Bollaram-Parancheru CPCB Zonal Office – Bangalore

Bhadravathi CPCB Zonal Office – Bangalore

Cochin CPCB Zonal Office – Bangalore

Manali CPCB Zonal Office – Bangalore

11

12

13

14

15

16

North Arcot (Vellore) CPCB Zonal Office - Bangalore

Vapi CPCB Zonal Office - Vadodara

Ankleshwar CPCB Zonal Office - Vadodara

Chembur CPCB Zonal Office - Vadodara

Tarapur CPCB Zonal Office - Vadodara

Digboi CPCB Zonal Office - Shillong

Names of persons

Dr. K. D. Sharma, Director,NIH Dr. K. K. S. Bhatia, Scientist ‘F’Environmental Hydrology Div.,Dr. C. K. Jain, Scientist ‘E1’, Environmental Hydrology Div., Dr. Imran Ali,Smt. Babita Sharma, Smt. Beena Prashad, Sri. N. Varadarajan

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

Dr. N.G. Shrivastava, Sr. Manager (PCRI) Dr Neelam Srivastava, Manager (PCRI)Dr. S. Bhatnagar, Manager (PCRI)Shri. P. K. Pahwa, Lab. Assistant, PCRI Shri A. K. P.Singh, Lab. Assistant, PCRI

-do-

Names of persons

Ms Mita Sharma SEE & ProjectCo-ordinatorShri B R Naidu, Zonal Officer Dr D P Mukhhopadhyay Sc. C Shri A K Sen Sc. BAnalysis of GW samples: Z.O. - LaboratoryTyping: Chandrani Bhattacharya

-do-

-do-

-do-

Shri B P Shukla , Zonal OfficerShri R K Singh Sct B (co-ordinator) Shri V P Yadav AEEShri B D PandeyShri Bhagwandin DriverTyping: Ms Manju Srivastav

Dr. D.C. Sharma, Zonal OfficerShri. V. Pattusamy, Scientist 'C', Co-ordinatorShri. S. Suresh, Environmental EngineerShri. T.K. Radheyshyam Balaji, Scientist 'B'

-do-

Dr. D. C. Sharma, Zonal OfficerShri. V. Pattusamy, Sc. 'C' Co-ordinatorShri. K.M. Udayakumar, Sc. 'B' Shri. Vikaram Rao, JRFShri. A. Krishnamurthy, Driver

Dr. D.C. Sharma, Zonal Office Mr. V. Pattusamy, Scientist 'C'- Co ordinatorMr. M. Madhusudanan, Sc 'C'Mr. S. Jeyapaul, SSA; Mr. S. Karthikeyan, SSA

- Same team for North Arcot, Tamilnadu

Dr. D.C. Sharma, Zonal OfficerShri. V. Pattusamy, Sc. 'C' Co-ordinatorShri. G. Dharmalingam, Sc. 'B' Shri. I.A. Kadar, Sr. Tech.Shri. Vikram. J. Rao, JRFShri. R. Subramanyan, ;Driver Shri. A. Krishnamurthy, Driver Shri. P. Munisamy, Attendant

Dr. S. S. Bala Zonal OfficerDr. Utpal Mukherjee Sct C Co-ordinatorShri S. L. LokhandeShri A Gnanavelu; Shri T. K. Parmar; Ms. Astha TrivediShri Nilesh Patel; Shri J. G. BhattTyping & Composing Shri Devraj T

-do-

-do-

-do-

Shri Shantanu K. Dutta, AEE Dr. Z. Changsan, Sc. BShri M.K. Choudhury, Zonal OfficerShri Royantis Lyndoh; Shri S. K. MihsillShri G. Lama

€¦ · xls file · web view · 2013-06-10situated at approximately equal distance from nalco...

Documents