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RO20 – Child Study Development & examples of activities
Physical development
Physical toys and suitable activities to do with the children
Major motor skills / Gross motor skillsCrawlingRolling overSittingStandingWalkingRunningClimbing stairsHop/skip/jumpingSwimmingRiding a bike / pedals / steersKicking a ballSquatting down Dancing to music
Minor motor skills / fine manipulative skillsPicking things up exactly (primitive, mature, tripod pincer grip)Hand eye co-ordinationUsing hands and fingers to do precise tasks.DrawingPaintingcolouring but not always within the linesDoing buttons and lacesPutting shoes ontaking shoes offShaping and moulding things in their handsThreading beadsWritingJigsawsTurning pages of a bookTouching objects Cutting out shapes using scissorsCopying letters on paper / pencil controlEating using a spoon or forkPutting on and taking coat off / zipsTurning door knobs / handles on doorsClapping
Intellectual development
18 months
Push and pull toysThreading toys
Picture books in card or fabricSimple tricyclesRocking horseMusical toys
Cause and effect toys – e.g. jack-in-the-box
2 years
Ride-on and sit-on toysLarge Duplo / Sticklebricks
Construction toysBricks
Crayons and paperPlay-doh
Picture booksMusical instruments
3 years
Large outdoor toys e.g. swings, slides / climbingframes, trampolines, scooters
Paint and crayonsTricycles
Dressing up clothesSand and water
4 years
Any materials or objects for creative activities e.g.Collage, junk modelling
Paints and crayonsJigsaw puzzles
Construction toys e.g. LegoLarge outdoor toys e.g. swings, slides / climbing
frames, trampolines, scooters, balls, tennis
5 years
Any materials or objects for creative activities e.g.Collage, junk modelling
Paints and crayonsJigsaw puzzles
Construction toys e.g. LegoLarge outdoor toys e.g. swings, slides / climbing
frames, trampolines, scootersPlaydoh
Kenetic sandBoard gamesRollerbladesHop scotch
Skipping ropesBaking
Dressing up
KEY LEARNING POINTS – PHYSICAL
IndependenceReleases tension
Strengthens bones and musclesHelps balance and coordination
Increases confidence
1 year
RattlesStacking beakers/bricks
Push and pull toys large ballsCardboard books
Baby swingsShape sorters
Intellectual Skills (using the brain and intelligence / learning)
Speech / use of grammar/ length of sentencesPronunciation of wordsBeing able to listen and repeat words back to you.Understanding numbersCountingKnowing coloursReadingRecognising words by sight / alphabetWritingDrawing MemorizingconcentrationAbility to follow instructionsQuestioningTrial and errorCopyingExploringRepeatingRole playExperimentingTimeShapeWeight / volume/ massOppositesSpeed / distanceTemperature
Intellectual toys and suitable activities to do with the children
1 – 2 years
‘Feely’ bags and boxesActivity mats
Paper and large crayonsActivity centresBuilding blocks
Musical toysPeek-a-boo games
Finger rhymes and actions
2 - 3 years
SingingSimple games and large puzzles
Paints, crayons, paperConstruction toys e.g. Lego (colours / shape/ size)
Dressing up clothesAlphabet games
Any toys or objects for imaginative playPlay-doh/ plasticine
Simple cooking activities (following instructions)Trips to new places e.g. zoo, farms
Reading – going to the libraryMusical instruments
Writing their name / drawing pictures
3 - 4 years
SingingSimple games and large puzzles
Paints, crayons, paperConstruction toys e.g. Lego (colours / shape/ size)
Dressing up clothesAlphabet / number games
Any toys or objects for imaginative playPlay-doh/ plasticine
Simple cooking activities (following instructions)Trips to new places e.g. zoo, farms
Reading – going to the libraryMusical instruments
Writing their name / drawing picturesMagnetic boards with numbers and letters
Water and sand playTelling stories
Spotting road signs
4-5 years
More complex jigsawsBoard games – snakes and ladders,
Snap – picture or phonicsMatching games
DominoesCollages using leaves, magazines
Cardboard box fun – creating cars etcSimple scientific toys e.g. magnifying glass,
BinocularsWord apps on tables, iPad, mobile phones
Sorting and pairing appsVisits to the zoo, cinema, museums, theatre
SwimmingStory telling / use of phonicsReading – going to the library
Tracing letters / numbersRole play – doctors, washing, dressing etc
SlimeThreading beads/ dried pasta
Singing and learning dance routinesChalk patterns
Baking – making animal cookies, number cookies,Different shapes
Felt peopleNumber / letter stamps
Painting, drawing, writing
Social developmentSocial including behaviour
MannersBehaviour with youBehaviour with othersHow they respond to discipline from different peopleHow they play – on their own, or socially in a group.sharingLevel of maturity and independenceCan they carry out any of the following social functions,feed themselves, wash, dress, and undress themselves?Self-esteemSelf-imageSocial skillsFeelings – learning to cope with positive and negative- (jealousy, fear, anger, sad)Respecting othersTaking turnsWorking in a group / team
0- 1 years
Talk to your child when doing day to day activitiesMake eye contact when talking to them
Help them find an emotional bond with eg favouriteToy, blanket, bedtime book
Respond to the child cries and moansRespond to the child ‘small cooing sounds’, nodand make the child know you have responded
Play groups – meet other children/ adults
2 – 3 years
Playgroups, nursery – allowing children to playwith their peers
Pretend playAllowing your child to comfort other children
when needed e.g. hug, high-five.Explain / talk to your child about sharing, taking
turns, how it makes other feelUse puppets to create a story – using emotions
Encourage early friendshipsMake a ‘friend book’
Praise and encourage social skills-
3 - 4 years
Playgroups, nursery – allowing children to playwith their peers
Pretend playSimple card games to encourage turn taking
Painting, drawing, making things in a group – getthe child to share their work with the rest of the
groupSocial outings e.g. out for tea (table manners /Behaviour), day trips, accepting the word no.
5 years
Playgroups, nursery – allowing children to playwith their peers
Simple board gamesCooperative games
Problem solving activitiesTreasure hunts in pairs / teams
Play Simon says, red light/green lightMusical games
Following a dance routine togetherRole / pretend play.
Day trips / acceptable behaviour