filamentous fungi - review and oomycetes lecture 3
TRANSCRIPT
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Filamentous fungi -review and Oomycetes
Lecture 3
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Four phyla of fungiFour phyla of fungi
o Chytridiomycota - no sexual sporeo Zygomycota - zygosporeo Ascomycota - ascosporeo Basidiomycota - basidiospore
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AscomycotaAscomycota
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Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinerea - a fungus -causes - a fungus -causes grey moldgrey mold
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Powdery mildew of cucumber
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Eye spot disease of strawberryRamularia grevilleana,
Mycosphaerella fragariae
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Canker, Nectria galligena
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Wilts caused by Fusarium oxysporum
Wilt of field grown melon Wilt of field grown melon caused by caused by F. ox.F. ox. formae formae speciales speciales melonismelonis
Darkened vascular Darkened vascular tissue of cucumber tissue of cucumber caused by caused by F. ox.F. ox. f.sp. f.sp. cucumerinumcucumerinum
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Characteristics of Basidiomycota• Mycelium is septate• Septa are perforated - sometimes with
dolipore (doughnut shaped)
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Basidiomycetes have clamp Basidiomycetes have clamp connectionsconnections
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Fly agaricFly agaric(flugsvamp)(flugsvamp)
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Stem rust of wheat
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Aecia on barberry
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Rust of raspberry
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Rust of rose
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Rhizoctonia solani• It is a basidiomycete;
teliomorph (Thanatephorus cucumeris) is rare.
• Has very characteristic mycelium; typical of basidiomycete.
• Differentiated into anastomosisanastomosis groups (AGAG) (fusion of hyphae only occur if same anastomosis group)
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Corn smutCorn smut
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Corn smut
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Corn smut
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The disease cycle of corn smut
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OomycotaThey are very different from true fungi:They are very different from true fungi:•Cell walls have cellulose and glucans.Cell walls have cellulose and glucans.•Hyphae have no cross walls (septae).Hyphae have no cross walls (septae).Spore types:Spore types:
•Oospore Oospore = resting spore, sexual spore= resting spore, sexual spore•Zoospores, zoosporangiaZoospores, zoosporangia = asexual spores = asexual spores
Examples:Examples:PythiumPythium -seed rot, damping off, root rot -seed rot, damping off, root rot
BremiaBremia, , PeronosporaPeronospora, , PlasmoparaPlasmopara - - downy mildewsdowny mildews
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Oomycetes belong to Chromista
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Different types of diseases caused by Oomycetes
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Late blight of potato, caused by Phytophthora infestans
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The disease cycle of potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans)
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Mature sporangium
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There are 8-10 zoospores per sporangium
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Zoospores are released
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One zoospore left…
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Zoospores germinate
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See movie of zoospore release
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Grass lawn attacked by Pythium ultimum (damping off)
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Life cycle of Pythium ultimum
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Downy mildew of grape
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Attack of grape berries
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Symptoms of grape downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola)
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Disease cycle of Plasmopara viticola, downy mildew of grape
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Zoospores of downy mildew of hop, landing on leaf and infecting
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Downy mildew of onion (Peronospora destructor)
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Downy mildew of cabbage (Peronospora parasitica)
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Tree and strawberry diseases caused by Phytophthora species
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Strawberry crown rot, caused by Phytophthora cactorum
Oospore and sporangiaOospore and sporangia
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Alnus glutinosa attacked by Alder Phytophthora
Brownish red discolouration
Oogonia
Amphigyne two-celled antheridia
Oospore
Photo: Christer OlssonAlder stembase
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Symptoms of Phytophthora alni ssp. uniformis on alder (Alnus glutinosa)
•The pathogen infects through wounds at the stembase or through the roots.•The tree tops die•The tree dies later
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Phytophthora ramorum, chlamydospores. (Diameter 20 – 90 µm, 52.5 – 75 µm on this slide). Often germinating with a sporangiophore.
Isolat CH 180, (CBS 101328; P1357), The Netherlands, Rhododendron.Heterothallic (A1).
Christer Olsson, 1/7 2002, DIA bilder