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Maintenance-free

Designer´s Handbook

GGB

Filament WoundHigh LoadSelf-lubricating BearingsDesigner´s Handbook

GGBGGB North America

700 Mid Atlantic ParkwayThorofare · New Jersey 08086 · USA

Tel. +1-856-848-3200Fax +1-856-848-4552

eMail: [email protected] · www.ggbearing.com

GGB, an EnPro Industries, Inc. company

*HB300ENG05USA*HB300ENG05USA

I

QualityAll the products described in this handbook are manufactured under ISO/TS 16949 and ISO 14001 approved qualitymanagement systems.

II

Formula Symbols and Designations

FormulaSymbol

UnitANSI

UnitSI Designation

aB - - Bearing size factor

aE - - High load factor

aM - - Mating material factor

aS - - Surface finish factor

aT - - Temperature application factor

B inch mm Nominal bush length

CD inch mm Installed diametral clearance

DH inch mm Housing Diameter

Di inch mm Nominal bush IDNominal thrust washer ID

Do inch mm Nominal bush ODNominal thrust washer OD

DJ inch mm Shaft diameter

F lbs. N Bearing load

µ - - Coefficient of friction

LQ - - Bearing service life, cycles

N 1/min 1/min Rotational speed

Nosc 1/min 1/min Rotational speedfor oscillating motion

P psi N/mm² Specific load

Plim psi N/mm² Specific load limit

Psta,max psi N/mm² Maximum static load

Pdyn,max psi N/mm² Maximum dynamic load

QGF - - GAR-FIL cyclic life factor

QGM - - GAR-MAX and HSG cyclic life factor

QMLG - - MLG cyclic life factor

Ra µinch µm Surface roughness (DIN 4768, ISO/DIN 4287/1)

Sm psi N/mm² Calculated edge stress

SS inch mm Thickness of slideplate

ST inch mm Thickness of washer

s inch mm Bush wall thickness

T °F °C Temperature

Tamb °F °C Ambient temperature

Tmax °F °C Maximum temperature

Tmin °F °C Minimum temperature

V fpm m/s Sliding speed

Vlim fpm m/s Maximum sliding speed

α1 1/106K 1/106KCoefficient of linear thermal expansion

σc psi N/mm² Compressive Yield strength

λB BTU·in/hr·ft²·°F W/mK Thermal conductivity

of bearing material

ϕ ° ° Angular displacement

Unit Conversions

SI to ANSI Conversions

1 mm 0.0394 inch

1 Newton = 1N 0.225 lbs.

1 N/mm²= 1 MegaPascal 145 psi

1 m/s 196.85 fpm

°C (°F-32)/1.8

ANSI to SI Conversions

1 inch 25.4 mm

1 Lb. 4.448 Newtons

1 psi 0.0069 N/mm²= 0.0069 MegaPascal

1 fpm 0.0051 m/s

°F (1.8 x °C) +32

mm = millimeters

ft = foot

in = inch

N = Newtons

W = Watts

Lbs. = pounds

psi = pounds per square inch

hr = hour

fpm = feet per minute

m/s = meters per second

°F = degrees Farenheit

°C = degrees Celsius

K = degrees Kelvin

BTU = British Thermal Units

FormulaSymbol

UnitANSI

UnitSI Designation

Content

3

ContentQuality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IFormula Symbolsand Designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . II

1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . 41.1 General Characteristics

and Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Wide Application Range . . . . . . 4Low Friction Operation . . . . . . . 5OutstandingDimensional Stability . . . . . . . . 5Wide Range of Sizesand Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2 Material Description . . . . 62.1 GAR-MAX® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2 GAR-FIL® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.3 Special GAR-MAX® Products

HSG™ and MLG™ . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 Hydropower Products

HPM™ and HPF™ . . . . . . . . . . . 92.5 MEGA LIFE® XT

Thrust Bearings . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.6 Performance

Comparison Chart . . . . . . . . . . 11

3 Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.1 Physical Properties . . . . . . . . . 123.2 Performance Comparison . . . . 133.3 Chemical Resistance . . . . . . . . 14

4 Data for Designers . . . . 164.1 Wear Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.2 Frictional Properties . . . . . . . . 174.3 Operating Temperature . . . . . . 184.4 Load Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184.5 Surface Velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . 194.6 PV Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194.7 Operating Clearances . . . . . . . 204.8 Dimensional Considerations . 204.9 Shaft Material

and Surface Finish . . . . . . . . . . 214.10 Housing Material . . . . . . . . . . . 214.11 Lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

5 Performance . . . . . . . . . 225.1 Design Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225.2 Specific Load, P . . . . . . . . . . . . 225.3 Sliding Speed, V . . . . . . . . . . . . 235.4 PV Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235.5 Estimating Bearing Life . . . . . . 24

Cyclic Bearing Life, LQ . . . . . . . . 24High Load Factor, aE . . . . . . . . . 24Temperature Factor - aT . . . . . . 26Mating Material Factor - aM . . . . 26Mating Surface Factor - aS . . . . . 27Bearing Size Factor - aB . . . . . . 27

5.6 Worked Examples . . . . . . . . . . 295.7 Misalignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

6 Installationand Machining . . . . . . . . 33

6.1 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336.2 Machining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Outer Diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Inner Diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Deburring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

7 Standard Products . . . . 347.1 GF, GM, HSG, MLG

(inch sizes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341/8“ wall series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341/4“ wall series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

7.2 GF, GM, HSG, MLG(metric sizes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382.5 mm wall series . . . . . . . . . . . 385 mm wall series . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

7.3 MEGALIFE XT,Thrust Bearings,Inch sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

7.4 MEGALIFE XT,Thrust Bearings,Metric sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

8 Data Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . 448.1 Data for bearing

design calculations . . . . . . . . . 44

9 Other GGBBearing Materials . . . . . 45

1 Introduction

4

1 IntroductionThe purpose of this handbook is to providecomprehensive technical information onthe characteristics of GGB´s family of fila-ment wound, high load, self-lubricatingbearings. The information given permitsdesigners to establish the appropriatematerial required for a particular applica-tion. GGB North America (GGBNA) appli-cations and development engineering ser-vices are available to assist with unusualdesign problems.GGB is the world´s largest manufacturer ofpolymer plain bearings for low mainte-nance and maintenance free applications.This includes an extensive product portfo-lio including metal-polymer bearings, ther-moplastic materials, filament wound com-

posite materials and mono metallicmaterials.GGBNA, is one of six GGB manufacturingfacilities world wide, and has remained theforemost supplier of self-lubricating plainbearings to America´s industrial and auto-motive markets for almost 30 years. GGBis continually refining and extending itsexperimental and theoretical knowledgeand, therefore, when using this brochure itis always worthwhile to contact GGB ifadditional information should be required.As it is impossible to cover all conditions ofoperation that arise in practice, customersare advised to conduct prototype testingwherever possible.

1.1 General Characteristics and AdvantagesTo meet the need for high load, self-lubri-cating bearings that provide low wear ratesin a wide variety of applications, GGB hasdeveloped a comprehensive family of fila-ment wound, composite self-lubricatingbearing materials. These bearings com-bine the excellent lubricating properties offilled PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) with

the high strength and stability of an ori-ented glass fiber wound structure. GGB´sFilament wound bearings employ a tough,high strength composite structure consist-ing of epoxy-impregnated, wound glassfibers oriented to provide the radial andaxial strength required to support highbearing loads.

GAR-MAX® and HSGTM (High StrengthGAR-MAX®) have a bearing surface linerof PTFE and high strength fibers twistedtogether and encapsulated by a high tem-perature epoxy resin that has been furtherenhanced with a self-lubricating additive. MLGTM has a bearing surface liner of PTFEand high strength fibers twisted togetherand encapsulated by a high temperatureresin. GAR-FIL® has a proprietary filled PTFEtape liner bonded to the backing.

HPM™ has a bearing surface liner ofPTFE and high strength fibers twistedtogether and encapsulated by a high tem-perature epoxy resin that has been furtherenhanced with PTFE.HPF™ has a bearing surface liner consist-ing of a proprietary filled PTFE tape linerbonded to the backing. MEGALIFE® XT Thrust washers have aproprietary filled PTFE surface on bothsides of the washers supported by a highstrength composite inner core.

Wide Application RangeLaboratory and field testing have proventhat GGB filament wound bearings provideoutstanding performance in a wide varietyof demanding dry or lubricated bearingapplications. These include off-road vehi-cles, agricultural and automotive equip-

ment, construction equipment, aerial lifts,windmills, materials handling equipment,valves, textile equipment, mechanical andhydraulic presses, waste/recycling equip-ment, processing equipment, packingmachinery, and many more.

1Introduction

5

Low Friction OperationGGB self-lubricating filament wound bear-ings are particularly effective in applica-tions where the relative motion is not suffi-cient to promote circulation of the oil orgrease used with more conventional bear-ings. The natural lubricity of the PTFE

used in the bearing surfaces assures lowfriction in dry applications. In fact, in lowspeed, high pressure type applications.GAR-FIL bearings offer one of the lowestcoefficients of friction of any self-lubricatedbearing material.

Outstanding Dimensional StabilityUnlike many conventional non metallicbearing materials, the high strength com-posite bearing structure of GGB filamentwound bearings offer a thermal expansionrate similar to that of steel. This assuresmaximum dimensional stability and posi-

tive housing retention, even at elevatedtemperatures. Furthermore, GGB filamentwound bearings are dimensionally stablein water. Water absorption and swell arenegligible.

Wide Range of Sizes and ShapesGGB filament wound bearings are avail-able in standard sizes from 12 mm to150 mm [1/2“ to 6“] ID with wall thick-nesses of 2.5 mm and 5 mm [1/8“ and1/4“], including lengths up to 400 mm [16“].On special order, ID sizes from 10 mm toover 500 mm [3/8“ to over 20“] can be fur-nished with custom wall thickness and/orlength as required.

MEGALIFE® XT thrust bearings are avail-able in standard sizes with custom sizesavailable upon request.Special shapes based on customerrequirements are possible as shownbelow. Contact GGB for details.

Fig. 1: Standard Shapes

Fig. 2: Examples for Special Shapes

2 Material Description

6

2 Material Description2.1 GAR-MAX®

Structure Sliding Layer Microsection

Sliding layerContinuous wound PTFE and high-strength fibers encapsu-lated in an internally lubricated, high temperature filled epoxy resin.BackingContinuous wound fiberglass encapsulated in a high temper-ature epoxy resin.

Features Possible Applications Availability

• High load capacity• Excellent shock resistance• Excellent misalignment

resistance• Excellent contamination

resistance• Very good friction and wear

properties• Good chemical resistance

• Steering linkages• hydraulic cylinder pivots• king pin bearings• boom lifts, scissor lifts• cranes, hoists, lift gates• backhoes, trenchers• skid steer loaders• front end loaders…

StandardCylindrical bearings: ID Range: 12 to 150 mm, metric series; 0.5 to 6 inch, inch series.Special orderBearing diameters to 500 mm [20 inches]; flanged bearings; hex and square bores; liner on OD

Bearing Properties SI Unit Value ANSI Unit Value

Ultimate Compressive strength σc

414 N/mm² 60,000 psi

Maximum static load Psta,max

207 N/mm² 30,000 psi

Maximum dynamic load Pdyn,max

138 N/mm² 20,000 psi

Maximum sliding speed Vlim 0.13 m/s 25 fpm

Maximum PV factor 1.05 N/mm²·m/s 30,000 psi·fpm

Maximum temperature Tmax 163 °C 325 °F

Minimum temperature Tmin -196 °C -320 °F

SlidingLayer

Backing

2Material Description

7

2.2 GAR-FIL®

Structure Sliding Layer Microsection

Sliding layerProprietary filled PTFE tape liner, 0.38 mm [.015] standard thickness.BackingContinuous wound fiberglass encapsulated in a high temper-ature epoxy resin.

Features Possible Applications Availability

• High load capacity• Good chemical resistance• Machinable bearing surface• High rotational speed capa-

bility• Very good friction and wear

properties• Excellent contamination

resistance

• Valves• scissor lifts• pulleys• toggle linkages…

StandardCylindrical bearings: ID Range: 12 to 150 mm, metric series; 0.5 to 6 inch, inch series.Special orderBearing diameters to 500 mm [20 inches]; special tape thick-nesses; flanged bearings; hex and square bores; liner on OD

Bearing Properties SI Unit Value ANSI Unit Value


379 N/mm² 55,000 psi


138 N/mm² 20,000 psi


138 N/mm² 20,000 psi





SlidingLayer

Backing


8

2.3 Special GAR-MAX® Products HSG™ and MLG™

Possible applications and availability see 2.1 on Page 6

Structure Sliding Layer Microsection Features

HSG™ - High Strength GAR-MAX

Sliding layerContinuous wound PTFE and high-strength fibers encapsu-lated in an internally lubricated, high temperature filled epoxy resin.BackingContinuous wound fiberglass encapsulated in a high temper-ature epoxy resin.

• High static load capacity - twice as high as standard GAR-MAX

• Excellent shock andmisalignment resistance - better than standard GAR-MAX

• Excellent contamination resistance

• Very good friction and wear properties

• Good chemical resistance

Structure Sliding Layer Microsection Features

MLG™

Sliding layerContinuous wound PTFE and high-strength fibers encapsu-lated in high temperature epoxy resin.BackingContinuous wound fiberglass encapsulated in a high temper-ature epoxy resin.

• Value engineered filament wound bearing for lighter duty applications

• High load capacity• Good misalignment

resistance• Excellent shock resistance• Good friction and wear


Bearing Properties HSG® MLG™

SI Unit Value ANSI Unit Value SI Unit Value ANSI Unit

Value


621 N/mm² 90,000 psi 414 N/mm² 60,000 psi


414 N/mm² 60,000 psi 207 N/mm² 30,000 psi


138 N/mm² 20,000 psi 138 N/mm² 20,000 psi

Maximum sliding speed Vlim 0.13 m/s 25 fpm 0.13 m/s 25 fpm

Maximum PV factor 1.05 N/mm²·m/s 30,000 psi·fpm 1.05 N/mm²·m/s 30,000 psi·fpm

Maximum temperature Tmax 163 °C 320 °F 163 °C 320 °F

Minimum temperature Tmin -196 °C -320 °F -196 °C -320 °F

SlidingLayer

Backing

SlidingLayer

Backing


9

2.4 Hydropower Products HPM™ and HPF™

Structure Sliding Layer Microsection Features Possible Applications

HPM™ • Specifically developed for hydro-power applications

• High load capacity• Excellent shock and edge load-

ing capacity• Low friction, superior wear rate

and bearing life• Excellent corrosion resistance• Dimensional stability - low water

absorption, no swelling• Environmentally friendly

• Servo-motor bearings• operating ring sliding

segments• linkage bearings• wicket gate bearings• guide vane bearings• intake gate sliding segments• intake gate roller bearings• spillway gate bearings• trash rake bearings• fish screen bearings• trunnion bearings• blade bearings• injector bearings• deflector bearings• ball and butterfly trunnion bear-

ings...

Sliding layerContinuous wound PTFE and high-strength fibers encapsulated in a self-lubricating, high temperature epoxy resin.BackingContinuous wound fiberglass encapsulated in a high temperature epoxy resin.

HPF™

Sliding layerProprietary filled PTFE tape liner.Backing - Flat MaterialContinuous woven fiber glass cloth laminate impregnated and cured with epoxy resin.Backing - Cylindrical BearingsContinuous wound fiberglass encapsulated in a high temperature epoxy resin.

Bearing Properties HPM™ HPF™

AvailabilitySI Unit Value ANSI Unit Value SI Unit Value ANSI Unit Value


345 N/mm² 50,000 psi 379 N/mm² 55,000 psiHPM, Special orderCylindrical bearings to 500 mm (20 inches).HPF, Special orderCylindrical bearings, diameters up to 500 mm (20 inches); thrust bear-ings and wear plates.

Maximum static load Psta,max 138 N/mm² 20,000 psi 138 N/mm² 20,000 psi


138 N/mm² 20,000 psi 138 N/mm² 20,000 psi

Maximum sliding speed Vlim 0.13 m/s 25 fpm 2.5 m/s 500 fpm

Maximum PV factor 1.23 N/mm²·m/s 35,000 psi·fpm 1.23 N/mm²·m/s 35,000 psi·fpm

Maximum temperature Tmax

- Cylindrical bearing material 163 °C 325 °F 204 °C 400 °F

- Flat Material - - 140 °C 284 °F

Minimum temperature Tmin -196 °C -320 °F -196 °C -320 °F

SlidingLayer

Backing

SlidingLayer

Backing


10

2.5 MEGALIFE® XT Thrust Bearings

Structure Sliding Layer Microsection Features Possible Applications

MEGALIFE® XT

Sliding layerProprietary filled PTFE tape liner on both sides.CoreContinuously woven layer of fila-ment fiberglass encapsulated in a high temperature epoxy resin.

• High load capacity• Excellent shock resistance• Excellent misalignment

resistance• Good surface speed capability• Excellent contamination

resistance• Very good friction and wear


• Pulley spacers• gear spacers• aerial lifts• fork lift masts• king pins• steering links• lift gates• cranes• backhoes• valve actuator linkages…

SlidingLayer

Core

Bearing Properties MEGALIFE® XT Availability

SI Unit Value ANSI Unit Value MEGALIFE® XT


207 N/mm² 30,000 psiStandardThrust bearings, standard sizes see pages 42-43.Special orderFor special sizes contact GGB.

Maximum static load Psta,max 138 N/mm² 20,000 psi


138 N/mm² 20,000 psi






11

2.6 Performance Comparison Chart

Table 1: Performance Comparison Chart

Material Load Carrying Capability

Shock Loading Resistance

SpeedCapability

Contamination Resistance

Misalignment Resistance Machinability

GAR-MAX 1 2 3 1 2 4

GAR-FIL 1 3 1 2 4 1

HSG 1 1 3 1 1 4

MLG 1 2 3 2 3 4

HPM 1 2 3 1 2 4

HPF, Flat Material 1 3 1 2 4 1

HPF, Cylindrical Bearing 1 3 1 2 4 1

MEGALIFE XT 2 3 2 2 3 2

Ranking

1 Excellent

2 Good

3 Fair

4 Not Recommended

3 Properties

12

3 Properties3.1 Physical PropertiesTable 2 shows the physical properties ofGGB´s filament wound bearings.

High load capacity without lubricationThe ultimate compressive strength andmaximum dynamic capacity of GGB fila-ment wound bearings without lubrication

exceed those of most other bearing materi-als with lubrication.

Wide operating temperature rangeGGB filament wound bearings can operateat much higher temperatures than lubri-cated bearings. This opens new applica-

tion opportunities where metallic bearingscannot function because of the limited tem-perature range of most greases and oils.

Thermal dimensional stabilityGGB filament wound bearings have a ther-mal expansion rate similar to steel andcast iron. There is less chance of them los-ing their press fit or binding the shaft when

exposed to extremes of temperature. Thisis not the case with many other non-metal-lic bearings.

Weight savingsGGB filament wound bearings are 75%lighter than similarly sized bronze or steelbearings. This can result in a substantial

weight saving, especially with larger bear-ings.

Table 2: Physical properties of GGB filament wound bearings

PhysicalProperties Units GAR-MAX GAR-FIL HSG MLG HPM

HPFFlat

Material

HPFBearing Material

MEGA-LIFEXT

Ultimate Compres-sive Strength

N/mm² 414 379 621 414 345 379 379 207psi 60,000 55,000 90,000 60,000 50,000 55,000 55,000 30,000

Static LoadCapacity

N/mm² 207 138 414 207 138 138 138 138psi 30,000 20,000 60,000 30,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000

Maximum DynamicLoad Capacity

N/mm² 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 69psi 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 10,000

Max. RelativeSurface Speed

m/s 0.13 2.50 0.13 0.13 0.13 2.50 2.50 0.50fpm 25 500 25 25 25 500 500 100

MaximumPV Factor

N/mm²·m/s 1.05 1.23 1.05 1.05 1.23 1.23 1.23 1.23psi·fpm 30,000 35,000 30,000 30,000 35,000 35,000 35,000 35,000

Max. Operating Temperature

°C 163 204 163 163 163 140 204 177°F 325 400 325 325 325 284 400 350

Min. OperatingTemperature

°C -196 -196 -196 -196 -196 -196 -196 -196°F -320 -320 -320 -320 -320 -320 -320 -320

ThermalExpansionRate - Hoop

10-6/K 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 10.8* 12.6 12.6*

10-6/°F 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.0* 7.0 7.0*

ThermalExpansionRate - Axial

10-6/K 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 - 27.0 -

10-6/°F 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 - 15.0 -

Thermal Conductivity

W/mK 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.29 0.26 0.26BTU·in/hr·ft²·°F 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.8

Specific Gravity - 1.87 1.96 1.87 1.87 1.87 1.9 1.96 1.85* lengthwise

3Properties

13

3.2 Performance ComparisonTable 3 presents the properties informationin a convenient table to help you choosethe best product for your application.

Table 3: Comparison of various bearing materials

NoteActual performance depends on the inter-action of many parameters that may varywith the specific application. For example,maximum values listed for loads, speeds,and temperature cannot be used simulta-neously. However, in certain applications,individual values can be exceeded. Forconditions that do exceed the recom-mended design limits, contact our Engi-neering Department.

Material

Max. Dynamic Capacity(<0.025 m/s (5 sfpm)) Maximum Temperature Thermal Expansion

Rate - Hoop SpecificGravity

N/mm² psi °C °F 10-6/K 10-6/°FCast Bronze* 41 6,000 71 160 18.0 10.0 8.80

Porous Bronze** 28 4,000 71 160 18.0 10.0 7.50

Alloyed Bronze* 69 10,000 93 200 28.8 16.0 8.10

Steel-Backed Bronze* 24 3,500 93 200 14.4 8.0 8.00

Hardened Steel* 276 40,000 93 200 12.6 7.0 7.90

Zinc Aluminum* 38 5,500 93 200 27.0 15.0 5.00

Fabric-Reinforced Phenolic* 41 6,000 93 200 36.0 20.0 1.60

Reinforced PTFE 14 2,000 260 500 99.0 55.0 2.00

GAR-MAX 138 20,000 163 325 12.6 7.0 1.87

GAR-FIL 138 20,000 204 400 12.6 7.0 1.96

HSG 138 20,000 163 325 12.6 7.0 1.87

MLG 138 20,000 163 325 12.6 7.0 1.87

HPM 138 20,000 163 325 12.6 7.0 1.87

HPF, Flat Material 138 20,000 140 284 10.8*** 6.0*** 1.90

HPF, Cylindrical Bearing 138 20,000 204 400 12.6 7.0 1.96

MEGALIFE

MEGALIFE

XT 69 10,000 177 350 12.6*** 7.0*** 1.85

*with lubrication; **oil impregnated; ***lengthwise

3 Properties

14

3.3 Chemical ResistanceGGB´s filament wound bearings are resis-tant to a wide variety of chemicals includ-ing acids, bases, salt solutions, oils, fuels,alcohols, solvents and gases.In fact GGB filament wound bearings offergreater chemical resistance than metallicbearings. However, GAR-FIL is resistant tothe greater number of chemicals, and isused in a wide range of valves employed inthe chemical processing industry as wellas for fire-safe valves.

The chemical resistance of GGB´s filamentwound bearings to many common chemi-cals at 70 °F is shown in Table 4.We recommend conducting a chemicalresistance test prior to specifying a bearingthat will be exposed to a chemical. Aneffective test (ASTM D 543) is to submergea sample bearing in the subject chemicalat the maximum anticipated operating tem-perature for seven days. If there is achange in the weight, dimensions, or com-pressive strength of the bearing, then thebearing is not resistant to the chemical.

GAR-MAX GAR-FIL HSG MLG HPM HPF

Acids 10%Acetic Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesArsenic No Yes No No No YesBoric Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesCarbonic No No No No No NoCitric Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesHydrochloric Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesHydro-fluoric No No No No No NoNitric No No No No No NoSulfuric Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesBases 10%Aluminum Hydroxide Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesCalcium Hydroxide Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesMagnesium Hydroxide Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesPotassium Hydroxide Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSodium Hydroxide Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSaltsAluminum Chloride Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesAluminum Nitrate Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesAluminum Sulfate Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesCalcium Chloride Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesFerric Chloride Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesMagnesium Carbonate Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesMagnesium Chloride Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesMagnesium Sulfate Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSodium Acetate Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSodium Bicarbonate Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSodium Bisulfate Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSodium Chloride Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSodium Nitrate Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesZinc Sulfate Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesAlcoholsAcetol Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesAllyl No No No No No NoAmyI Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesButyl No No No No No NoEthyl Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

3Properties

15

Table 4: Chemical resistance

Iso Butyl Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesIso PropyI Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesMethyl Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesPropyI Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSolventsAcetone Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesBenzene No No No No No NoCarbon Tetrachloride Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesMethylene Chloride No No No No No NoMethyl Ethyl Ketone Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesNaphtha Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesToluol Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesTrichlorethane No Yes No No No YesOilsCottonseed Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesCrude Oil Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesHydraulic Fluids Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesLinseed Oil Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesMotor Oil Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesTransmission Fluids Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesFuelsDiesel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesGasoline Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesJet Fuel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesKerosene Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesGases Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesAcetylene Bromine No No No No No NoButane Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesCarbon Dioxide Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesChlorine No Yes No No No YesEthers Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesFluorine No No No No No NoHydrogen Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesNatural Gas Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesNitrogen Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesOzone Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesPropane Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSulfur Dioxide Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesMiscellaneousAnhydrous Ammonia No No No No No NoDetergents Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesEthylene Glycol Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesFormaldehyde Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesFreon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesHydrogen Peroxide No No No No No NoLime Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesWater Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

GAR-MAX GAR-FIL HSG MLG HPM HPF

4 Data for Designers

16

4 Data for Designers4.1 Wear RateIn the high load applications anticipated forfilament wound bearings, radial displace-ment will result from a combination ofmany variables. These include adhesivewear, abrasion, deformation due to mis-alignment of the shaft, high interface tem-peratures, ingress of dirt, fluid contamina-tion and mating surface conditions. Withdesign pressures of less than 69 N/mm²

[10,000 psi], millions of cycles can beachieved with GAR-MAX, HSG, GAR-FIL,HPM and HPF bearings.Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show the rate of wearmeasured in continuous cycle testing for aGAR-MAX and GAR-FIL bearing operatingat 103 N/mm² [15,000 psi].

Fig. 3: Wear rate for GAR-MAX

Fig. 4: Wear rate for GAR-FIL

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

0.000

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.005

0.006

0.007

0.008

0.009

0.010

Cycles

Wea

r, m

m

Wea

r, in

ch

GAR-MAX WEARBearing: GM1620-012ID: 25.40 mm [1.000 inch]Length: 19.05 mm [0.750 inch]Shaft: 1045 Steel, 58-63 RcFinish Ra: 0.4 µm [16 µinch]P = 103 N/mm² [15,000 psi]Oscillation rate: 15 cpm at ±30°V = 0.007 m/s [1.3 fpm]PV = 0.68 N/mm²·m/s [19,500 psi·fpm]

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

0.000

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.005

0.006

0.007

0.008

0.009

0.010

Cycles

Wea

r, m

m

Wea

r, in

chGAR-FIL WEARBearing: GF1620-012ID: 25.40 mm [1.000 inch]Length: 19.05 mm [0.750 inch]Shaft: 1045 Steel, 58-63 RcFinish Ra: 0.4 µm [16 µinch]P = 103 N/mm² [15,000 psi]Oscillation rate: 15 cpm at ±30°V = 0.007 m/s [1.3 fpm]PV = 0.68 N/mm²·m/s [19,500 psi·fpm]

4Data for Designers

17

4.2 Frictional PropertiesThe prime factors affecting the friction offilament wound bearings are pressure,velocity, temperature and mating surfaceconditions. Generally, the pressure is themost influential.

Fig. 5 shows how friction changes at vari-ous pressures. This information can beused to estimate the torque required to ini-tiate motion in GGB filament wound bear-ings:

orThis equation can be used to determinefrictional losses that a bearing contributesto a system.

Fig. 5: Coefficient of friction vs specific loadWith frequent starts and stops, the staticcoefficient of friction is approximately equalto or slightly less than the dynamic coeffi-cient of friction as measured in laboratorytesting. After progressively longer periodsof sitting idle or dwell under load (e.g., ofhours or days), the static coefficient of fric-tion of the first movement has been mea-

sured to be up to 200% higher, particularlybefore bedding-in. This phenomenon mustbe considered when designing long dwellperiod applications. Extremely low torqueapplications should be monitored or specif-ically tested for friction when prime movertorque requirements must be determined.

Torqueµ F Di⋅ ⋅

2000---------------------=

(4.2.1) [N·m]

Torqueµ F Di⋅ ⋅

2---------------------=

(4.2.2) [lbs·in]

Where

µ coefficient of friction

F Applied load [Newtons] or [pounds]

Di Bearing nominal ID, [mm] or [inches]

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.10

0.11

0.12

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000

MLG

GAR-MAX

GAR-FIL

Test Conditions:ID: 25.4 mm [1.00 inch]OD: 31.75 mm [1.25 inch]Length: 19.05 mm [0.75 inch]Shaft: 1040 Steel, 58-63 RcFinish Ra: 0.13 µm [5 µinch]Oscillation rate: 15 cpm at ±30°V = 0.007 m/s [1.3 fpm]Break-in for 24 hours at 103 N/mm² [15,000 psi] prior to measuring friction

Specific Load [N/mm²]

Coe

ffici

ent o

f fric

tion

µ

Specific Load [psi]


18

4.3 Operating TemperatureOperating temperature is an importantconsideration when specifying bearingmaterials since temperature will have adirect affect on bearing load capacity andwear resistance. GGB filament woundbearings consist of a rugged outer shell offilament wound fiberglass encapsulated inhigh temperature epoxy. This combinationof materials permit GGB filament woundbearings to operate at higher temperaturesthan most other conventional plain bear-

ings as indicated in Table 3. At elevatedtemperatures GGB filament wound bear-ings have reduced load carrying capabili-ties due to the softening of the self-lubricat-ing surfaces; however, GAR-MAX, HSG,MLG and HPM are not influenced by tem-perature to the same degree as GAR-FILand HPF. GAR-FIL bearings have beenused in low temperature (cryogenic) appli-cations.

4.4 Load CapacityThe maximum unit load which can be sup-ported by filament wound bearings willdepend upon the type of loading. It will behighest under steady loads, whereas,dynamic loads or oscillating motion, whichproduce fatigue stresses in the bearing,will result in a reduction of load capacity.The maximum unit loads specified inTable 2 assume good alignment betweenthe bearing and mating surface and run-ning clearances listed in the standardproduct tables on pages 32 through 41.The maximum static and dynamic loadsgiven in Table 2 are based on bearingshaving a wall thickness of 2.5 mm [0.100inch] or greater. Thin-walled bearings,those with a wall thickness between1.5 mm [0.060 inch] and 2.5 mm[0.100 inch] have a reduced load capacitybecause of the reduced number of filamentwound fiberglass crossovers that consti-tute the backing material. Wall thicknessesgreater than 6.35 mm [0.250 inch] do notincrease load capacity.Many applications for GAR-MAX and HSGbearings involve applied loads plus thepresence of shock and impulse loading

along with additional loads due to struc-tural bending. As an example, hydrauliccylinder pivots or clevis joints used in frontend loaders, graders, and other types ofoff-highway vehicles require the consider-ation of misalignment and G-impact force.Experience gained in the application ofGAR-MAX and HSG bearings on this typeof equipment has led us to recommend themaximum specific load (pressures) shownin Table 5. Greater specific loads haveshown surface distress in operation sincethe cumulative influence of misalignmentand shock will increase the actual specificload.The bearing length can also influence thedistribution of load along the length of thebearing. A bearing that is heavily loadedand having a relatively long length will, dueto shaft deflection, have disproportionatelyhigh unit loading at each end. For this rea-son, we do not recommend length-to-diam-eter ratios that are greater than 2.0. Con-versely, very short bearings, those withlength-to-diameter ratios less than 0.25are not recommended because of potentialbearing retention problems.

4Data for Designers

19

Table 5: Specific application impact loading factors

4.5 Surface VelocityGGB´s filament wound bearings can oper-ate over a wide range of operating veloci-ties as shown in Table 2.GAR-FIL and HPF bearings can operatewithout lubrication at speeds up to 2.5 m/s[500 fpm] with a maximum PV value to0.3 N/mm²·m/s [9,000 psi·fpm]. This per-formance capability is due to the propri-etary filled-PTFE liner. Since surfacevelocity influences the amount of heat gen-erated in a plain bearing, additional clear-ance may be required at higher operatingspeeds. With GAR-FIL and HPF bearings,when operating over 0.25 m/s [50 fpm],additional clearances are required to

accommodate for thermal expansion dueto the heat generated.GAR-MAX, HSG, MLG and HPM bear-ings, which have a maximum speed limit of0.13 m/s [25 fpm], are more suitable forhigh-load and low-speed applications.Since most GAR-MAX, HSG, MLG andHPM bearings are designed to operate atless than 0.05 m/s [10 fpm], additionalclearances are normally not required.MEGALIFE XP bearings are limited to0.10 m/s [20 fpm].MEGALIFE XT thrust washers are limitedto 0.50 m/s [100 fpm].

4.6 PV FactorThe PV factor, which is the product of spe-cific load (pressure) times surface velocity,is used as a guide in determining the use-ful life of plain bearings and is also an indi-cation of heat generated within the bearingcontact zone. The maximum PV factorslisted In Table 2 are based on high-loadand low-speed applications. The calcu-lated unit load P, relative surface velocity Vand operating temperature must be usedalong with the PV factor when selecting a

bearing material for a given application.These values are then compared againstpublished maximum recommended valuesfor load, speed, temperature and PV forthe bearing material. For an application tobe successful, each of the application val-ues must not exceed the published maxi-mum recommended values. To completethe bearing analysis, bearing life should beestimated using the method given in sec-tion 5.5.

ApplicationDesign Specific Load*

Impact [G]N/mm² psi

Dozer Yoke 34 5,000 3Excavators 34 5,000 3Back Hoes 34 5,000 3Loader Linkage 34 5,000 3Rollers 48 7,000 2Bogie Wheel Pivots 48 7,000 2Track Frame Pivots 48 7,000 2Steer Cylinders 69 10,000 1Control Linkage 69 10,000 1Dump/Swing Cylinders 69 10,000 1* Includes hydraulic check valve pressure but does not include impact, misalignment or vehicle driv-ing force


20

4.7 Operating ClearancesProper running clearance is a critical factorin bearing performance. In low speed oscil-lating pivot applications, the minimum pos-sible recommended clearance can be assmall as 0.013 mm [0.0005 inch] for fila-ment wound bearings. The shaft or pin willfit nearly line-to-line during the assemblyprocess. However, since little or no heat isgenerated during very slow oscillatingoperation, additional clearance is notrequired. For more dynamic applicationsinvolving continuous rotation at higherspeeds or elevated ambient temperatures,minimum clearances may be as high as0.005 mm/mm [0.005 inch/inch] of diame-ter.

GAR-MAX, HSG, MLG, HPM andbearings cannot be sized or machinedon their ID due to the liner composition.However, GAR-FIL and HPF bearingscan be sized or machined for closetolerance control. Standard GAR-FIL andHPF bearings are supplied with a0.38 mm [0.015 inch] thick proprietaryfilled-PTFE tape liner that can be bored atassembly if necessary. GAR-FIL and HPFbearings can also be furnished with athicker liner that allows for a greateramount of boring. For further information,contact GGB.

4.8 Dimensional ConsiderationsBefore designing a special GGB filamentwound bearing, there are several importantconsiderations to keep in mind:• Wall Thickness

Bearings with wall thicknesses less than2.5 mm [0.100 inch] should be avoidedsince thin-walled bearings have reducedload capacity, approximately 50% lessthan our rated load capacity for GGB fila-ment wound bearings. The minimumrecommended wall thickness is 1.5 mm[0.060 inch]. Wall thicknesses greaterthan 6.35 mm [0.250 inch] do notincrease load capacity.

• ClearanceAs noted previously, the minimum run-ning clearance applies only to low speedapplications operating at ambient tem-peratures. For GAR-FIL and HPF bear-ings operating at surface speeds greaterthan 0.25 m/s [50 fpm] or at elevatedtemperatures, additional clearance maybe required.

• Bearing LengthIn designing bearings, the shaft diameteris usually determined by the need forphysical stability or stiffness; therefore,only the bearing length must be deter-mined based upon operating pressureand required life. A short bearing shouldbe limited to a length-to-diameter ratio of0.25 as a minimum to insure sufficientretention in the housing. A long bearingis not recommended because of poten-tial shaft deflection and misalignmentproblems as described in Section 5.7. Along heavily loaded bearing will havedisproportionately high specific loadingat each end due to shaft deflection. Forthis reason, we do not recommendlength-to-diameter ratios greater than2.0.

4Data for Designers

21

4.9 Shaft Material and Surface FinishSince the shaft is considered to be anequal part of the bearing assembly, theimportance of proper shaft specificationcannot be overemphasized. Most steelalloys are acceptable as shaft materials.Hardened steel shafts offer better perfor-mance in high load applications or in thepresence of abrasive contaminants by pro-viding greater protection for the matingsurface. When bearing operating pres-sures exceed a value of about 14 N/mm²[2,000 psi], minimum shaft hardnessshould be at least Brinnel 480 HB [Rock-well C50]. Fully hardened shafts are usu-ally not necessary. GGB filament woundbearings offer good embeddibility in thepresence of contaminants; however, westrongly recommend the use of seals.Hardened stainless steel or hard chrome

plating is recommended when corrosionresistance is required.Equally important as material selection isshaft surface finish. A surface finishbetween 0.15 to 0.40 micrometers [6 to 16microinches] will insure the most effectivebearing performance by assuring maxi-mum bearing wear resistance and lowestcoefficient of friction. Rougher surface fin-ishes can be used but there will be areduction in bearing life. This is due to therough shaft abrading the relatively softpolymer liner of the bearings.We recommend that the ends of the shafthave chamfers or rounded edges to facili-tate assembly and minimize the chance ofscoring the bearing.

4.10 Housing MaterialThe running clearances given in section 7for standard GGB filament wound bearingsare based upon installation in rigid steel orcast iron housings at normal ambient tem-perature. If the housing is made from non-ferrous alloys, such as aluminum, and willbe subjected to elevated operating temper-atures, there will be a potential for reducedbearing retention due to the thermalexpansion of the housing. In applications

where non-ferrous alloy housings are to beused at elevated temperatures, the inter-ference between the bearing and housingbore may have to be increased to assureadequate retention of the bearing in thehousing. To prevent shaft interference atassembly, the shaft diameter must beequally reduced to compensate for theadditional interference fit. For further infor-mation contact GGB.

4.11 LubricationGGB filament wound bearings are recom-mended to be used dry. However, greasecan be used to protect and/or to purge thebearing zone of corrosion or contaminants.In applications where high cyclic vibrationsare present, hydrostatic erosion of linerfibers by the grease may occur over longperiods of time. This should be monitoredto assure liner integrity over the operatinglife of the equipment.GAR-FIL and HPF bearings can be usedwhen submerged in oil or other lubricatingliquids. Liquidous lubricants will reduce thecoefficient of friction and bearing wear.However, the lubricant must be constantlymaintained and kept free of abrasive con-taminants. Grease is not recommended forGAR-FIL and HPF bearings.

HPM and HPF bearings are specificallydesigned for hydropower applicationswhere they can be used both dry and sub-merged in water. We recommend thathardened stainless steel shafting, such as440 stainless steel, be used to minimizethe chance of shaft corrosion.

MEGALIFE XT washers and wear platesare typically used dry but can also be usedin greased applications.

Liquid lubricants and greases attract con-taminating particles that may migrate intothe bearing. To minimize bearing contami-nation, the use of seals or wipers is highlyrecommended.

5 Performance

22

5 PerformanceThe following section describes how toestimate bearing life for GGB filamentwound bearings. This method involves cal-culation of the PV factor which is then fur-ther modified by application factors for unit

loading, bearing length, operating temper-ature, mating surface and bearing diame-ter. If you need additional assistance inestimating bearing life, feel free to contactGGB.

5.1 Design FactorsThe main parameters when determiningthe size or estimating the service life for aGGB filament wound bearing are:• Specific load limit, Plim• PV factor• Length-to-diameter ratio• Mating surface finish

• Mating surface material• Temperature• Other environmental factors, e.g.,

housing design, dirt, lubrication

5.2 Specific Load, PThe formula for calculating the specificload, P, for bearings is:

Bearing

Fig. 6: Projected area for bearing

Where

P Specific load, [N/mm²] or [psi]

F Applied load [Newtons] or [pounds]

Di Nominal ID, [mm] or [inches]

B Bearing length, [mm] or [inches]

P FDi B⋅--------------=

(5.2.1) [N/mm2] or [psi]

BD

i

Projected AreaA = Di x B

5Performance

23

5.3 Sliding Speed, V The formulae for calculating sliding speedare:

Bearings or

For oscillating applications

Fig. 7: Oscillating cycle, ϕ

5.4 PV FactorThe useful life of a GGB filament woundbearing is governed by the PV factor, theproduct of the specific load, P, and the slid-ing speed, V, as defined in 5.2 and 5.3respectively.The formula for calculating PV is:

VDi π N⋅ ⋅

60 103⋅----------------------=

(5.3.1) [m/s]

VDi π N⋅ ⋅

12----------------------=

(5.3.2) [fpm]

Where

V Sliding speed, [m/s] or [fpm]

N Rotational speed, [1/min]

Where

Nosc Oscillating movement frequency, [1/min]

ϕ Angular displacement, [°]

N4 ϕ Nosc⋅ ⋅

360----------------------------=

(5.3.3) [1/min] ϕ ϕ

412 3

PV P V⋅=

(5.4.1) [N/mm2·m/s] or [psi·fpm]

5 Performance

24

5.5 Estimating Bearing Life

Cyclic Bearing Life, LQThe cyclic bearing life of a GGB filamentwound sleeve bearing is estimated byusing the following formulae:

GAR-MAX and HSG

MLG

GAR-FIL

Table 6: Cyclic Life Factors

High Load Factor, aEThe high load factor considers both theeffect of the specific load and the bearing'sB/Di (length-to-diameter) ratio. Table 7shows the specific load limit, Plim, for vari-ous operating conditions. Fig. 8 shows agraph of the length factor, aB/Di, versus

B/Di. Once the values for Plim and aB/Di areselected, the high load factor, aE, can becalculated as shown. If the calculated aEvalue is negative, then the designer mustconsider a larger bearing in order toreduce the specific load, P.

LQQGMPV

------------- aE aT aM aS aB⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅=

(5.5.1) [cycles]

LQQMLG

PV---------------- aE aT aM aS aB⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅=

(5.5.2) [cycles]

LQQGFPV

----------- aE aT aM aS aB⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅=

(5.5.3) [cycles]

Where

LQ Estimated bearing life, [cycles]

QGFGAR-FIL cyclic life factor,see Table 6

QGMGAR-MAX and HSG cyclic life factor, see Table 6

QMLGMLG cyclic life factor,see Table 6

PV PV factor, P⋅V, [N/mm²·m/s] or [psi·fpm]

aE High load factor

aT Temperature factor

aM Mating surface factor

aS Surface finish factor

aB Bearing size factor

Product FactorCyclic Life Factors

N/mm²·m/s psi·fpm

GAR-MAX QGM 3.8·106 11.0·1010

HSG QGM 3.8·106 11.0·1010

MLG QMLG 1.4·106 4.0·1010

GAR-FIL QGF 2.4·106 7.0·1010

aEPlim P–

Plim------------------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

aB Di⁄=

(5.5.4) Where

PlimSpecific load limit,see Table 7, [N/mm²] or [psi]

P Specific load, [N/mm²] or [psi]

aB/Di B/Di factor taken from Fig. 8

5Performance

25

Table 7: Specific load limit, Plim

Fig. 8: B/Di factor aB/Di

Type of Load

Fig. 9: Steady load, Bush Stationary, Shaft rotating

Fig. 10: Rotating load, shaft stationary, bush rotating

Type of loading Units

Specific Load Limit Plim

GAR-MAX, HSG, MLG GAR-FIL

Steady unidirectional loads relative to the bear-ing surface with rotation in one direction only.

N/mm² 138 138

psi 20,000 20,000

Steady unidirectional loads with oscillating motion.

N/mm² 138 138

psi 20,000 20,000

Dynamic loads, alternating or fluctuating, with rotating or oscillating motion.

N/mm² 103 103

psi 15,000 15,000

Rotating load relative to bearing surface, e.g., fully rotational bearing on stationary shaft.

N/mm² 55 (<0.025 m/s) 14 (<0.125 m/s)

psi 8,000 (<5 fpm) 2,000 (<25 fpm)

1.00

0.00 0.25

1.10

1.30

1.20

B/Di ratio

B/D

i Fac

tor (

a B/D

i)

1.15

1.05

1.25

0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00

0.95

F2---

F2---

F F2---

F2---

F

5 Performance

26

Temperature Factor - aTThe effect of environmental temperatureon the bearing life is given in Fig. 11. Ele-vated temperatures tend to soften the non-metallic bearing surface resulting inreduced wear resistance and load capac-ity. Since the bearing surface of GAR-FILconsists of a proprietary filled PTFE mate-

rial, bearing life will be influenced by tem-perature to a greater degree than GAR-MAX, HSG and MLG. When the operatingtemperature approaches the top limit of205 °C [400 °F] for GAR-FIL or 163 °C[325 °F] for GAR-MAX, HSG and MLG,contact GGB.

Fig. 11: Temperature factor aT

Mating Material Factor - aMThe effect of shaft material on self-lubricat-ing bearing life is reflected in Table 8 whichlists the mating surface material factors,aM, for many commonly used shaft materi-

als and shaft finishes. When plated shaft-ing is to be used, designers should specifythat the plating possesses adequatestrength and adhesion.

Table 8: Mating Surface Factor aM

Temperature [°C]

Tem

pera

ture

Fac

tor (

a T)

Temperature [°F]

GAR-MAX, HSG, MLG

GAR-FIL

-25

0

25 75 100

0.4

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.2

1.0

125 150 175500 225200

0 100 200 250 300 350 40015050

Material Mating Surface Factor aM

Steels

Case-hardened Steel 1Mild Steel 1Nitrided Steel 1Hardened Stainless Steel 1.2Non-Ferrous Metals

Bronze & Copper Based Alloys 0.1-0.4

Hard Anodized Aluminium, 0.025 mm (0.001 inch) thick 1.5

Plated Steel, 0.013 mm (0.0005 inch) minimum plating thickness

Hard Chrome (polished after plating) 1.2Tin Nickel 1.2Tungsten Carbide Flame Plated 1.5Zinc (Galvanized) 0.2

5Performance

27

Mating Surface Factor - aSShaft surface finish is a very importantconsideration when estimating bearing life.Fig. 12 shows a relationship of the matingsurface factor, aS, with respect to surfacefinish in micrometers [microinches]. Tomaximize bearing life, a surface finish of0.15 to 0.40 µm [6 to 16 µinch] Ra is rec-ommended. Rougher surface finishes willresult in reduced bearing life because theywill tend to rake through the soft polymer

liners and accelerate wear. On the otherhand, very fine finishes do not permit theadequate transfer of the self-lubricatingmaterial onto the shaft surface and willalso tend to reduce bearing life in dry appli-cations. If rougher finishes are to be con-sidered, testing should be conductedbased on dynamics and operating pres-sures for the application.

Fig. 12: Mating Surface Factor aS

Bearing Size Factor - aBAs the bearing size increases there is arelatively smaller angular contact areaafter initial bedding-in occurs. This reduc-tion in contact area has the effect of

increasing the actual unit loading and con-sequently will result in reducing bearinglife. The bearing size factor aB versus shaftdiameter is plotted in Fig. 14.

Fig. 13: Contact area between bearing and shaft.

0.2

0.0 0.1

0.6

1.0

Surface Finish [µm]

Sur

face

Fin

ish

Fact

or (a

S)

0.8

0.4

1.2

0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

0.0

GAR-MAX, HSG, MLG

GAR-FIL

Surface Finish [µinch]

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32

5 Performance

28

Fig. 14: Bearing Size Factor aB

Shaft Diameter [mm]

Bea

ring

Siz

e Fa

ctor

(aB)

0.6

0 25

0.8

1.0

0.9

0.7

1.1

50 75 100 125 150 175 2000.5

Shaft Diameter [inches]

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

5Performance

29

5.6 Worked ExamplesGAR-MAX®

GivenLoad Details Steady Load Inside Diameter, Di 2.25 inch

Shaft oscillating Length, B 2.00 inchShaft Hardened Steel, Ra = 20 µinch Bearing Load, F 60,000 poundsEnvironment Ambient Temperature = 72 °F Frequency, Nosc I5 cycles/min.

Amplitude, φ 20°

Calculation Constants and Application FactorsSpecific Load Limit, P 20,000 psi (Table 7, Page 25)B/Di Factor, aB/Di I.0 (Fig. 8, Page 25)Temperature Factor, aT I.0 (Fig. 11, Page 26)Mating Material Factor, aM I.0 (Table 8, Page 26)Mating Surface Factor, aS 0.9 (Fig. 12, Page 27)Bearing Size Factor, aB 0.96 (Fig. 14, Page 28)Cyclic Life Factor, QGM II·I0I0 psi·fpm (Table 6, Page 24)

Calculation Reference ValueSpecific Load, P[N/mm²] or[psi]

(5.2.1), Page 22

Sliding Speed, V[m/s] or [fpm]

(5.3.1), Page 23

PV Factor, PV[N/mm²·m/s] or[psi·fpm]

(5.4.1), Page 23

High Load Factor, aE (5.5.4), Page 24

Life, LQ[cycles]

(5.5.1), Page 24

BDi----- 2 00,

2 25,------------- 0 89,= =2.002.25

0.89

P FDi B⋅------------- 60 000,

2 25, 2 00,⋅------------------------------= = =2.25 · 2.00 I3,333 psi

V Di π N⋅ ⋅I2

---------------------- 2 25, π 3 333,⋅ ⋅I2

-----------------------------------------= = = I.96 fpm2.25 · π · 3.333 N( 4 φ Nosc⋅ ⋅

360--------------------------= = 3.333 rpm)

PV P V⋅ 23 333, 2 96,⋅= = =I3,333 · I.96 26,I33 psi ·fpm

aEPlim P–

Plim-----------------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

aB Di⁄ 20 000, I3 333,–20 000,

----------------------------------------------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞= = = 0.333

I.0

LQQGM

PV----------- aE aT aM aS aB⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅= II I0I0⋅

26 I33,------------------= · 0.333 · I.0 · I.0 · 0.9 · 0.96 = I.2 · I06 cycles

GAR-FIL®

GivenLoad Details Steady Load Inside Diameter, Di 40 mm

Shaft oscillating Length, B 20 mmShaft Hardened Steel, Ra = 0.2 µm Bearing Load, F 50,000 NewtonsEnvironment Ambient Temperature = 75 °C Frequency, Nosc I0 cycles/min.

Amplitude, φ 30°

Calculation Constants and Application FactorsSpecific Load Limit, P 138 N/mm² (Table 7, Page 25)B/Di Factor, aB/Di I.05 (Fig. 8, Page 25)Temperature Factor, aT 0.9 (Fig. 11, Page 26)Mating Material Factor, aM I.2 (Table 8, Page 26)Mating Surface Factor, aS I.0 (Fig. 12, Page 27)Bearing Size Factor, aB 0.98 (Fig. 14, Page 28)Cyclic Life Factor, QGF 2.4·I06 N/mm²·m/s (Table 6, Page 24)


(5.2.1), Page 22


(5.3.1), Page 23


(5.4.1), Page 23


Life, LQ[cycles]

(5.5.1), Page 24

BDi----- 40

40------ 0 89,= = 0.5

P FDi B⋅------------- 50 000,

40 20⋅-------------------= = = 62.5 N/mm²

V Di π N⋅ ⋅60 I03⋅---------------------- 40 π 3 333,⋅ ⋅

60 I03⋅-----------------------------------= = = 0.007 m/s40 · π · 3.333 N( 4 φ Nosc⋅ ⋅

360--------------------------= = 3.333 rpm)

PV P V⋅ 23 333, 2 96,⋅= = =62.5 · 0.007 0.438 N/mm² · m/s

aEPlim P–

Plim-----------------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

aB Di⁄ 22222222I38

--------------------------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞= = = 0.53II38 - 62.5 I.05

LQQGM

PV----------- aE aT aM aS aB⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅= 2 4, I0⋅

26 233,-------------------=0.438 · 0.53I · 0.9 · I.2 · I.0 · 0.98 = 3.I · I06 cycles2.4 · I06

5 Performance

30

HSG™

GivenLoad Details Dynamic Loads Inside Diameter, Di 6.00 inch

Shaft oscillating Length, B 4.00 inchShaft Hardened Steel, Ra = I6 µinch Bearing Load, F 180,000 poundsEnvironment Ambient Temperature = 72 °F Frequency, Nosc 6 cycles/min.

Amplitude, φ 15°

Calculation Constants and Application FactorsSpecific Load Limit, P I5,000 psi (Table 7, Page 25)B/Di Factor, aB/Di I.02 (Fig. 8, Page 25)Temperature Factor, aT I.0 (Fig. 11, Page 26)Mating Material Factor, aM I.0 (Table 8, Page 26)Mating Surface Factor, aS I.0 (Fig. 12, Page 27)Bearing Size Factor, aB 0.85 (Fig. 14, Page 28)Cyclic Life Factor, QGM II·I0I0 psi·fpm (Table 6, Page 24)


(5.2.1), Page 22


(5.3.1), Page 23


(5.4.1), Page 23


Life, LQ[cycles]

(5.5.1), Page 24

BDi----- 2 00,

2 25,------------- 0 89,= =4.006.00

0.67

P FDi B⋅------------- I80 000,

6 4⋅---------------------= = = 7,500 psi

V Di π N⋅ ⋅I2

---------------------- 6 π I⋅ ⋅I2

-----------------= = = I.57I fpm N( 4 φ Nosc⋅ ⋅360

--------------------------= = I rpm)

PV P V⋅ 23 333, 2 96,⋅= = =7,500 · I.57I II,783 psi ·fpm

aEPlim P–

Plim-----------------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

aB Di⁄ I5 000, 7 500,–I5 000,

-------------------------------------------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞= = = 0.493

I.02

LQQG M

PV----------- aE aT aM aS aB⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅= II I0I0⋅

II 783,-----------------= · 0.493 · I.0 · I.0 · I.0 · 0.85 = 3.9 · I06 cycles

MLG™

GivenLoad Details Steady Load Inside Diameter, Di I.25 inch

Shaft oscillating Length, B 2.50 inchShaft Mild Steel, Ra = 32 µinch Bearing Load, F 40,000 poundsEnvironment Ambient Temperature = I20 °F Frequency, Nosc 20 cycles/min.

Amplitude, φ 30°

Calculation Constants and Application FactorsSpecific Load Limit, P 20,000 psi (Table 7, Page 25)B/Di Factor, aB/Di I.25 (Fig. 8, Page 25)Temperature Factor, aT I.0 (Fig. 11, Page 26)Mating Material Factor, aM I.0 (Table 8, Page 26)Mating Surface Factor, aS 0.6 (Fig. 12, Page 27)Bearing Size Factor, aB 0.99 (Fig. 14, Page 28)Cyclic Life Factor, QMLG 4·I0I0 psi·fpm (Table 6, Page 24)


(5.2.1), Page 22


(5.3.1), Page 23


(5.4.1), Page 23


Life, LQ[cycles]

(5.5.1), Page 24

BDi----- 2 00,

2 25,------------- 0 89,= =2.50I.25

2.0

P FDi B⋅------------- 40 000,

2 25, 2 00,⋅------------------------------= = =I.25 · 2.50 I2,800 psi

V Di π N⋅ ⋅I2

---------------------- 2 25, π 3 333,⋅ ⋅I2

-----------------------------------------= = = 2.I82 fpmI.25 · π · 6.667 N( 4 φ Nosc⋅ ⋅

360--------------------------= = 6.667 rpm)

PV P V⋅ 23 333, 2 96,⋅= = =I2,800 · 2.I82 27,930 psi ·fpm

aEPlim P–

Plim-----------------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

aB Di⁄ 20 000, I2 800,–20 000,

----------------------------------------------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞= = = 0.279

I.25

LQQGM

PV----------- aE aT aM aS aB⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅= 4 I0I0⋅

27 930,-------------------= · 0.279 · I.0 · I.0 · 0.6 · 0.99 = 2.3 · I05 cycles

5Performance

31

5.7 MisalignmentBearings operating with proper shaft align-ment are uniformly loaded along theirlength as shown in Fig. 15. In the right sideof Fig. 15 is a top view of the contact area.Shaft misalignment reduces the contactarea and shifts the bearing pressure distri-bution to one end of the bearing, as illus-trated in Fig. 16. With substantial mis-

alignment the contact area reduces to aparabolic shape as shown in Fig. 17. Theconcentrated edge pressure due to theexcessive misalignment can cause bearingfailure. When the edge pressure producesstresses that approach or exceed the com-pressive strength of the material, fracturemay occur.

Fig. 15: Properly aligned shaft

Fig. 16: Slight misalignment

Fig. 17: Substantial misalignment

If it is known from experience that mis-alignment and/or shaft deflections are min-imal, less than 0.2 %, (0.002 mm/mm oflength [0.002 inch/inch of length]), forhighly loaded, very low speed applications,then the following misalignment consider-ations can be ignored. Misalignment tests were conducted onGAR-MAX bearings to determine the maxi-mum edge stresses that may occur undervarying amounts of misalignment. Fig. 18and Fig. 19 show the relationship of thecalculated edge stress, Sm, relative to the

applied unit load, P, for two levels of mis-alignment (0.6% and 1.0%) and twolength-to-diameter ratios (B/Di = 0.5 andB/Di = 1.0). For static loading, or staticcombined with shock loading, if the edgestress, Sm, exceeds the acceptable maxi-mum of 345 N/mm² [50,000 psi] for GAR-MAX and MLG or 517 N/mm² [75,000 psi]for HSG, then a redesign of the bearing isrequired. GAR-FIL is not recommended for applica-tions when significant misalignment isanticipated.

Uniformly distributed pressure P

Contact area or footprint

Load F

BearingBearing

center line

Shaftcenter line

Bearinglength B

Rising pressure

distribution

Reduced linear contact

Shaftcenter line

Shaft angle

Unified pressure P´ >uniform pressure, P

Sm

Parabolic contact

Shaft angle

SmP´>P

5 Performance

32

Fig. 18: Edge Stress for 0.6% Misalignment

Fig. 19: Edge Stress for 1.0% Misalignment


Edge

Stre

ss, S

m [N

/mm

²]

Specific Load [psi]

B/Di = 1.0

B/Di = 0.5

0

5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000

Edge

Stre

ss, S

m [p

si]

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

GAR-MAX6.35 mm [0.250 inch] wall thickness


Edge

Stre

ss, S

m [N

/mm

²]

Specific Load [psi]

B/Di = 1.0

B/Di = 0.5

0

5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000

Edge

Stre

ss, S

m [p

si]

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

GAR-MAX6.35 mm [0.250 inch] wall thickness

6Installation and Machining

33

6 Installation and Machining6.1 InstallationThe retention of GGB filament woundbearings in metal housings is excellent dueto the high material stiffness and a thermalexpansion rate similar to steel. The pressfits used for bronze bearings are adequatefor filament wound bearings in most cases.

The bearing will close in by an amountequal to the measure of interference withthe housing. This close-in must be consid-ered when calculating the installed boreand corresponding shaft diameter.

Fig. 20: Fitting of bearings

6.2 Machining

LengthAbrasive cut-off wheels produce the bestresults when cutting lengths of GGB fila-ment wound bearings. When using a latheto cut off lengths, we recommend using a

carbide tool due to the abrasive nature ofthe fiberglass/epoxy outer shell. Watermist or exhaust dust collectors should beused to minimize dust in the work area.

Outer DiameterGrinding is the preferred method of alteringthe OD; however, carbide lathe tools canalso be used.

Inner DiameterOnly GAR-FIL and HPF bearings can besized on the ID. We recommend specifying0.76 mm [0.030 inch] or thicker tape linerwhen ordering bearings that will be bored.When lathe boring a GAR-FIL or HPF

bearing you should first install the bearinginto a rigid housing and bore using highspeed and low feed rate. GAR-FIL andHPF bearings can also be reamed andbroached.

DeburringEmery cloth is effective in removing burrsfrom the OD of GGB filament wound bear-ings. To remove frayed fibers from the IDof GAR-MAX, HSG, MLG and HPM bear-

ings, a small hand held grinder is pre-ferred. The ID of GAR-FIL or HPF bearingscan be deburred by a sharp cutting tool oremery cloth.

DrillingCarbide drills should be used for drillingGGB filament wound bearings. When drill-ing GAR-MAX, HSG, MLG and HPM bear-

ings, the ID must be supported with a man-drel, and a flat tipped drill or end millshould be used.

Housing

1.5 mm[0.060 inch]

Nominal bearing length minus 1 mm [0.04 inch]

Arbor

Pilot dia. = Nominal bearingbore dia. minus 0.38/0.64 mm [0.015/0.025 inch]

15°-20°

7 Standard Products

34

7 Standard Products7.1 GF, GM, HSG, MLG (inch sizes)

1/8“ wall series

To order, specify bearing material prefixand size number plus suffix for desiredlength (in multiples of 1/16").

e.g. GM2428-032 is a 1.5" ID x 1.75" OD x2" long GAR-MAX bearing.

B

Do

Di

Length tolerance tableB

<3 inch ≥3 to<6 inch ≥6 inch

Di<3 inch ±0.010 inch ±0.020 inch ±0.030 inch

≥3 to<6 inch ±0.020 inch ±0.020 inch ±0.030 inch

Bearing Part Number Nominal

SizeID x ODDi x Do

Bearing IDDi

Bearing ODDo

Recommended SizesRunning

ClearanceCDGF, GM, HSG,

MLGShaft Dia.

DJ

Housing Dia.DH

0812-xxx 1/2 x 3/40.50400.5070

0.75350.7515

0.50000.4995

0.75000.7505

0.00050.0065

1014-xxx 5/8 x 7/80.62900.6320

0.87850.8765

0.62500.6245

0.87500.8755

0.00050.0065

1216-xxx 3/4 x 1 0.75400.7570

1.00351.0015

0.75000.7495

1.00001.0005

0.00050.0065

1418-xxx 7/8 x 11/80.87900.8820

1.12851.1265

0.87500.8745

1.12501.1255

0.00050.0065

1620-xxx 1 x 11/41.00401.0070

1.25351.2515

1.00000.9995

1.25001.2505

0.00050.0065

1822-xxx 11/8 x 13/81.12901.1320

1.37851.3765

1.12501.1245

1.37501.3755

0.00050.0065

2024-xxx 11/4 x 11/21.25401.2570

1.50351.5015

1.25001.2495

1.50001.5005

0.00050.0065

2226-xxx 13/8 x 15/81.37901.3820

1.62851.6265

1.37501.3745

1.62501.6255

0.00050.0065

2428-xxx 11/2 x 13/41.50401.5070

1.75351.7515

1.50001.4995

1.75001.7505

0.00050.0065

2630-xxx 15/8 x 17/81.62901.6320

1.87851.8765

1.62501.6245

1.87501.8755

0.00050.0065

2832-xxx 13/4 x 2 1.75501.7580

2.00352.0015

1.75001.7495

2.00002.0005

0.00150.0075

3034-xxx 17/8 x 21/81.88001.8830

2.12852.1265

1.87501.8745

2.12502.1255

0.00150.0075

3236-xxx 2 x 21/42.00552.0095

2.25452.2525

2.00001.9995

2.25002.2510

0.00100.0085

3438-xxx 21/8 x 23/82.13052.1345

2.37952.3775

2.12502.1245

2.37502.3760

0.00100.0085

7Standard Products

35

All Dimensions in Inches. Additional sizes available - please consultGGB Customer Service.

3640-xxx 21/4 x 21/22.25552.2595

2.50452.5025

2.25002.2495

2.50002.5010

0.00100.0085

3842-xxx 23/8 x 25/82.38052.3845

2.62952.6275

2.37502.3740

2.62502.6260

0.00100.0090

4044-xxx 21/2 x 23/42.50602.5100

2.75452.7525

2.50002.4990

2.75002.7510

0.00150.0095

4448-xxx 23/4 x 3 2.75602.7600

3.00503.0030

2.75002.7490

3.00003.0015

0.00100.0095

4852-xxx 3 x 31/43.00653.0105

3.25503.2530

3.00002.9990

3.25003.2515

0.00150.0100

5256-xxx 31/4 x 31/23.25653.2605

3.50553.5035

3.25003.2490

3.50003.5020

0.00100.0100

5660-xxx 31/2 x 33/43.50653.5105

3.75553.7535

3.50003.4990

3.75003.7520

0.00100.0100

6064-xxx 33/4 x 4 3.75653.7605

4.00554.0035

3.75003.7490

4.00004.0020

0.00100.0100

6468-xxx 4 x 41/44.00904.0140

4.25704.2540

4.00003.9990

4.25004.2520

0.00200.0130

6872-xxx 41/4 x 41/24.25904.2640

4.50704.5040

4.25004.2490

4.50004.5020

0.00200.0130

7276-xxx 41/2 x 43/44.50904.5140

4.75704.7540

4.50004.4990

4.75004.7520

0.00200.0130

7680-xxx 43/4 x 5 4.75904.7640

5.00705.0040

4.75004.7490

5.00005.0020

0.00200.0130

8084-xxx 5 x 51/45.00905.0140

5.25705.2540

5.00004.9990

5.25005.2520

0.00200.0130

8488-xxx 51/4 x 51/25.25905.2640

5.50705.5040

5.25005.2490

5.50005.5020

0.00200.0130

8892-xxx 51/2 x 53/45.50905.5140

5.75705.7540

5.50005.4990

5.75005.7520

0.00200.0130

9296-xxx 53/4 x 6 5.75905.7640

6.00706.0040

5.75005.7490

6.00006.0020

0.00200.0130

96100-xxx 6 x 61/46.01206.0180

6.25906.2550

6.00005.9985

6.25006.2520

0.00300.0165


SizeID x ODDi x Do

Bearing IDDi

Bearing ODDo


ClearanceCD

GF, GM, HSG, MLG

Shaft Dia.DJ

Housing Dia.DH

7 Standard Products

36

GF, GM, HSG, MLG (inch sizes)

1/4“ wall series

To order, specify bearing material prefixand size number plus suffix for desiredlength (in multiples of 1/16").

e.g. GM2432-032 is a 1.5" ID x 2" OD x 2"long GAR-MAX bearing.

B

Do

Di


<3 inch ≥3 to<6 inch ≥6 inch

Di<3 inch ±0.010 inch ±0.020 inch ±0.030 inch

≥3 to<6 inch ±0.020 inch ±0.020 inch ±0.030 inch


SizeID x ODDi x Do

Bearing IDDi

Bearing ODDo


ClearanceCD

GF, GM, HSG, MLG

Shaft Dia.DJ

Housing Dia.DH

0816-xxx 1/2 x 1 0.50400.5070

1.00351.0015

0.50000.4995

1.00001.0005

0.00050.0065

1018-xxx 5/8 x 11/80.62900.6320

1.12851.1265

0.62500.6245

1.12501.1255

0.00050.0065

1220-xxx 3/4 x 11/40.75400.7570

1.25351.2515

0.75000.7495

1.25001.2505

0.00050.0065

1422-xxx 7/8 x 13/80.87900.8820

1.37851.3765

0.87500.8745

1.37501.3755

0.00050.0065

1624-xxx 1 x 11/21.00401.0070

1.50351.5015

1.00000.9995

1.50001.5005

0.00050.0065

1826-xxx 11/8 x 15/81.12901.1320

1.62851.6265

1.12501.1245

1.62501.6255

0.00050.0065

2028-xxx 11/4 x 13/41.25401.2570

1.75351.7515

1.25001.2495

1.75001.7505

0.00050.0065

2230-xxx 13/8 x 17/81.37901.3820

1.87851.8765

1.37501.3745

1.87501.8755

0.00050.0065

2432-xxx 11/2 x 2 1.50401.5070

2.00352.0015

1.50001.4995

2.00002.0005

0.00050.0065

2634-xxx 15/8 x 21/81.62901.6320

2.12852.1265

1.62501.6245

2.12502.1255

0.00050.0065

2836-xxx 13/4 x 21/41.75501.7580

2.25452.2525

1.75001.7495

2.25002.2510

0.00050.0070

3038-xxx 17/8 x 23/81.88001.8830

2.37952.3775

1.87501.8745

2.37502.3760

0.00050.0070

3240-xxx 2 x 21/22.00552.0095

2.50452.5025

2.00001.9995

2.50002.5010

0.00100.0085

3442-xxx 21/8 x 25/82.13052.1345

2.62952.6275

2.12502.1245

2.62502.6260

0.00100.0085

3644-xxx 21/4 x 23/42.25552.2595

2.75452.7525

2.25002.2495

2.75002.7510

0.00100.0085

3846-xxx 23/8 x 27/82.38052.3845

2.87952.8775

2.37502.3740

2.87502.8760

0.00100.0090

7Standard Products

37


4048-xxx 21/2 x 3 2.50602.5100

3.00503.0030

2.50002.4990

3.00003.0015

0.00100.0095

4452-xxx 23/4 x 31/42.75602.7600

3.25503.2530

2.75002.7490

3.25003.2515

0.00100.0095

4856-xxx 3 x 31/23.00653.0105

3.50553.5035

3.00002.9990

3.50003.5020

0.00100.0100

5260-xxx 31/4 x 33/43.25653.2605

3.75553.7535

3.25003.2490

3.75003.7520

0.00100.0100

5664-xxx 31/2 x 4 3.50653.5105

4.00554.0035

3.50003.4990

4.00004.0020

0.00100.0100

6068-xxx 33/4 x 41/43.75653.7605

4.25554.2535

3.75003.7490

4.25004.2520

0.00100.0100

6472-xxx 4 x 41/24.00904.0140

4.50704.5040

4.00003.9990

4.50004.5020

0.00200.0130

6876-xxx 41/4 x 43/44.25904.2640

4.75704.7540

4.25004.2490

4.75004.7520

0.00200.0130

7280-xxx 41/2 x 5 4.50904.5140

5.00705.0040

4.50004.4990

5.00005.0020

0.00200.0130

7684-xxx 43/4 x 51/44.75904.7640

5.25705.2540

4.75004.7490

5.25005.2520

0.00200.0130

8088-xxx 5 x 51/25.00905.0140

5.50705.5040

5.00004.9990

5.50005.5020

0.00200.0130

8492-xxx 51/4 x 53/45.25905.2640

5.75705.7540

5.25005.2490

5.75005.7520

0.00200.0130

8896-xxx 51/2 x 6 5.50905.5140

6.00706.0040

5.50005.4990

6.00006.0020

0.00200.0130

92100-xxx 53/4 x 61/45.75905.7640

6.25706.2540

5.75005.7490

6.25006.2520

0.00200.0013

96104-xxx 6 x 61/26.01206.0180

6.50906.5050

6.00005.9985

6.50006.5020

0.00300.0165


SizeID x ODDi x Do

Bearing IDDi

Bearing ODDo


ClearanceCD

GF, GM, HSG, MLG

Shaft Dia.DJ

Housing Dia.DH

7 Standard Products

38

7.2 GF, GM, HSG, MLG (metric sizes)

2.5 mm wall series

To order, specify bearing ID, OD andlength size number (in millimeters) plusmaterial suffix.

e.g. 253020GM is a 25 mm ID x 30 mmOD x 20 mm long GAR-MAX bearing.

B

Do

Di


≤75 mm >75 to <150 mm ≥150 mm

Di≤75 mm -0.50 mm -1.00 mm -1.50 mm

>75 to ≤120 mm -1.00 mm -1.00 mm -1.50 mm


SizeID x ODDi x Do

Bearing IDDi

Bearing ODDo


ClearanceCDGF, GM, HSG,

MLG

Shaft Dia. [h8]DJ

Housing Dia. [H7]

DH

1217xx 12 x 17 12.11012.190

17.09017.040

12.00011.973

17.00017.018

0.0200.195

1520xx 15 x 20 15.11015.190

20.09020.040

15.00014.973

20.00020.021

0.0200.198

1621xx 16 x 21 16.11016.190

21.09021.040

16.00015.973

21.00021.021

0.0200.198

1823xx 18 x 23 18.11018.190

23.09023.040

18.00017.973

23.00023.021

0.0200.198

2025xx 20 x 25 20.11020.190

25.09025.040

20.00019.967

25.00025.021

0.0200.204

2227xx 22 x 27 22.11022.190

27.09027.040

22.00021.967

27.00027.021

0.0200.204

2530xx 25 x 30 25.11025.190

30.09030.040

25.00024.967

30.00030.021

0.0200.204

2833xx 28 x 33 28.11528.195

33.09533.045

28.00027.967

33.00033.025

0.0200.208

3035xx 30 x 35 30.11530.195

35.09535.045

30.00029.967

35.00035.025

0.0200.208

3540xx 35 x 40 35.11535.195

40.09540.045

35.00034.961

40.00040.025

0.0200.214

4045xx 40 x 45 40.11540.195

45.09545.045

40.00039.961

45.00045.025

0.0200.214

4550xx 45 x 50 45.12545.225

50.10050.050

45.00044.961

50.00050.025

0.0250.239

5055xx 50 x 55 50.12550.225

55.10055.055

50.00049.961

55.00055.030

0.0250.239

5560xx 55 x 60 55.14055.240

60.11560.065

55.00054.954

60.00060.030

0.0250.251

6065xx 60 x 65 60.14060.240

65.11565.065

60.00059.954

65.00065.030

0.0250.251

6570xx 65 x 70 65.14065.240

70.11570.065

65.00064.954

70.00070.030

0.0250.251

7Standard Products

39

All Dimensions in Millimeters. Additional sizes available - please consultGGB Customer Service.

7075xx 70 x 75 70.14570.245

75.11575.065

70.00069.954

75.00075.030

0.0300.256

7580xx 75 x 80 75.16575.265

80.12580.070

75.00074.954

80.00080.030

0.0400.271

8085xx 80 x 85 80.16580.265

85.12585.075

80.00079.954

85.00085.035

0.0400.271

8590xx 85 x 90 85.16585.265

90.12590.075

85.00084.946

90.00090.035

0.0400.279

9095xx 90 x 95 90.17590.275

95.13595.085

90.00089.946

95.00095.035

0.0400.279

95100xx 95 x 100 95.17595.300

100.135100.085

95.00094.946

100.000100.035

0.0400.304

100105xx 100 x 105 100.175100.300

105.135105.085

100.00099.946

105.000105.035

0.0400.304

110115xx 110 x 115 110.175110.300

115.135115.080

110.000109.946

115.000115.035

0.0400.309

120125xx 120 x 125 120.205120.330

125.165125.105

120.000119.946

125.000125.040

0.0400.319

130135xx 130 x 135 130.205130.330

135.165135.090

130.000129.937

135.000135.040

0.0400.343

140145xx 140 x 145 140.205140.330

145.165145.090

140.000139.937

145.000145.040

0.0400.343

150155xx 150 x 155 150.205150.330

155.165155.090

150.000149.937

155.000155.040

0.0400.343


SizeID x ODDi x Do

Bearing IDDi

Bearing ODDo


ClearanceCD

GF, GM, HSG, MLG

Shaft Dia. [h8]DJ

Housing Dia. [H7]

DH

7 Standard Products

40

GF, GM, HSG, MLG (metric sizes)

5 mm wall series

To order, specify bearing ID, OD andlength size number (in millimeters) plusmaterial suffix.

e.g. 253520GM is a 25 mm ID x 35 mmOD x 20 mm long GAR-MAX bearing.

B

Do

Di


≤75 mm >75 to <150 mm ≥150 mm

Di≤75 mm -0.50 mm -1.00 mm -1.50 mm

>75 to ≤120 mm -1.00 mm -1.00 mm -1.50 mm


SizeID x ODDi x Do

Bearing IDDi

Bearing ODDo


ClearanceCD

GF, GM, HSG, MLG

Shaft Dia. [h8]DJ

Housing Dia. [H7]

DH

1222xx 12 x 22 12.11012.190

22.09022.040

12.00011.973

22.00022.021

0.0200.198

1525xx 15 x 25 15.11015.190

25.09025.040

15.00014.973

25.00025.021

0.0200.198

1626xx 16 x 26 16.11016.190

26.09026.040

16.00015.973

26.00026.021

0.0200.198

1828xx 18 x 28 18.11018.190

28.09028.040

18.00017.973

28.00028.021

0.0200.198

2030xx 20 x 30 20.11020.190

30.09030.040

20.00019.967

30.00030.021

0.0200.204

2232xx 22 x 32 22.11522.195

32.09532.045

22.00021.967

32.00032.025

0.0200.208

2535xx 25 x 35 25.11525.195

35.09535.045

25.00024.967

35.00035.025

0.0200.208

2838xx 28 x 38 28.11528.195

38.09538.045

28.00027.967

38.00038.025

0.0200.208

3040xx 30 x 40 30.11530.195

40.09540.045

30.00029.967

40.00040.025

0.0200.208

3545xx 35 x 45 35.11535.195

45.09545.045

35.00034.961

45.00045.025

0.0200.214

4050xx 40 x 50 40.11540.195

50.09550.045

40.00039.961

50.00050.025

0.0200.214

4555xx 45 x 55 45.13045.230

55.10555.055

45.00044.961

55.00055.030

0.0250.244

5060xx 50 x 60 50.13050.230

60.10560.055

50.00049.961

60.00060.030

0.0250.244

5565xx 55 x 65 55.14055.240

65.11565.065

55.00054.954

65.00065.030

0.0250.251

6070xx 60 x 70 60.14060.240

70.11570.065

60.00059.954

70.00070.030

0.0250.251

6575xx 65 x 75 65.14065.240

75.11575.065

65.00064.954

75.00075.030

0.0250.251

7Standard Products

41

All Dimensions in Millimeters. Additional sizes available - please consultGGB Customer Service.

7080xx 70 x 80 70.14570.245

80.11580.065

70.00069.954

80.00080.030

0.0300.256

7585xx 75 x 85 75.16575.265

85.12585.075

75.00074.954

85.00085.035

0.0400.271

8090xx 80 x 90 80.16580.265

90.12590.075

80.00079.954

90.00090.035

0.0400.271

8595xx 85 x 95 85.16585.265

95.12595.075

85.00084.946

95.00095.035

0.0400.279

90100xx 90 x 100 90.17590.275

100.135100.085

90.00089.946

100.000100.035

0.0400.279

95105xx 95 x 105 95.17595.300

105.135105.085

95.00094.946

105.000105.035

0.0400.304

100110xx 100 x 110 100.175100.300

110.135110.085

100.00099.946

110.000110.035

0.0400.304

110120xx 110 x 120 110.175110.300

120.135120.085

110.000109.946

120.000120.035

0.0400.304

120130xx 120 x 130 120.205120.330

130.165130.090

120.000119.946

130.000130.040

0.0400.334

130140xx 130 x 140 130.205130.330

140.165140.090

130.000129.937

140.000140.040

0.0400.343

140150xx 140 x 150 140.205140.330

150.165150.090

140.000139.937

150.000150.040

0.0400.343

150160xx 150 x 160 150.205150.330

160.165160.090

150.000149.937

160.000160.040

0.0400.343


SizeID x ODDi x Do

Bearing IDDi

Bearing ODDo


ClearanceCD

GF, GM, HSG, MLG

Shaft Dia. [h8]DJ

Housing Dia. [H7]

DH

7 Standard Products

42

7.3 MEGALIFE XT, Thrust Bearings, Inch sizesTo order, specify MWXT size number plussuffix for desired thickness (0.062, 0.080,0.125).

e.g. MWXT1632-.080 is a 1" ID x 2" OD x0.080" thick MEGALIFE XT thrust bearing.


Part Number Nominal SizeID x OD

WasherID

WasherOD

NominalThickness

MWXT0816-.xxx 1/2 x 1 0.5050.525

1.0000.980 0.062, 0.080

MWXT1020-.xxx 5/8 x 11/40.6300.650

1.2501.230 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

MWXT1224-.xxx 3/4 x 11/20.7550.775

1.5001.480 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

MWXT1428-.xxx 7/8 x 13/40.8800.900

1.7501.730 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

MWXT1632-.xxx 1 x 2 1.0051.025

2.0001.980 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

MWXT1834-.xxx 11/8 x 21/81.1301.150

2.1252.105 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

MWXT2036-.xxx 11/4 x 21/41.2551.275

2.2502.230 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

MWXT2238-.xxx 13/8 x 23/81.3801.400

2.3752.355 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

MWXT2440-.xxx 11/2 x 21/21.5051.525

2.5002.480 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

MWXT2642-.xxx 15/8 x 25/81.6301.650

2.6252.605 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

MWXT2844-.xxx 13/4 x 23/41.7551.775

2.7502.730 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

MWXT3248-.xxx 2 x 3 2.0052.025

3.0002.980 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

MWXT3652-.xxx 21/4 x 31/42.2552.275

3.2503.230 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

MWXT4060-.xxx 21/2 x 33/42.5052.525

3.7503.730 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

MWXT4464-.xxx 23/4 x 4 2.7552.775

4.0003.980 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

MWXT4872-.xxx 3 x 41/23.0053.025

4.5004.480 0.062, 0.080, 0.125

7Standard Products

43

7.4 MEGALIFE XT, Thrust Bearings, Metric sizesTo order, specify MWXTM size numberplus suffix for desired thickness (1.5; 2.0;3.0).

e.g. MWXTM2244-2.0 is a 22 mm ID x44 mm OD x 2 mm thick MEGALIFE XTthrust bearing.

All Dimensions in Millimeters.Additional sizes available - please consultGGB Customer Service.

Part Number Nominal SizeID x OD

WasherID

WasherOD

NominalThickness

MWXTM1224-x,x 12 x 24 12.2512.75

24.0023.50 1.5, 2.0 mm

MWXTM1530-x,x 15 x 30 15.2515.75

30.0029.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

MWXTM1836-x,x 18 x 36 18.2518.75

36.0035.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

MWXTM2040-x,x 20 x 40 20.2520.75

40.0039.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

MWXTM2244-x,x 22 x 44 22.2522.75

44.0043.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

MWXTM2550-x,x 25 x 50 25.2525.75

50.0049.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

MWXTM3055-x,x 30 x 55 30.2530.75

55.0054.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

MWXTM3560-x,x 35 x 60 35.2535.75

60.0059.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

MWXTM4065-x,x 40 x 65 40.2540.75

65.0064.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

MWXTM4570-x,x 45 x 70 45.2545.75

70.0069.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

MWXTM5075-x,x 50 x 75 50.2550.75

75.0074.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

MWXTM5580-x,x 55 x 80 55.2555.75

80.0079.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

MWXTM6085-x,x 60 x 85 60.2560.75

85.0084.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

MWXTM6595-x,x 65 x 95 65.2565.75

95.0094.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

MWXTM70100-x,x 70 x 100 70.2570.75

100.0099.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

MWXTM75115-x,x 75 x 115 75.2575.75

115.00114.50 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm

8 Data Sheet

44

8 Data Sheet8.1 Data for bearing design calculations

Quantity

Dimensions

Inside Diameter Di

Length BOutside Diameter Do

Shaft DJ

Bearing Housing DH

Length of slideplate LWidth of slideplate WThickness of slideplate SS

Radial load For specific load (pressure) P

Oscillating frequency Nosc [1/min]

Rotational speed N [1/min]Speed V Length of Stroke LSFrequency of Stroke [1/min]Oscillating cycle ϕ [°]

Continuous operation

Load

Service hours per day

Days per yearOperating timeIntermittent operation

Movement

Operating Environment

Material

Mating surface

Surface finishHardness

Housing Material

Required service life, cycles LQ

Service life

Rotational movement Steady load Rotating load Oscillating movement

Cylindrical Bush Thrust Washer Slideplate

Existing Design New Design

Linear movement

WS

S

Ambient temperature Tamb [°]

Min. temperature Tmin. [°]Max. temperature Tmax. [°]

Process Fluid (chemical)LubricantContaminents

Thickness of washer ST

L

ST

B

Di

Do

Do Di

Company: _____________________________________________________ Contact: ________________________________________Address: ______________________________________________________ Title: ___________________________________________City: _____________________________ State: _______________________ Postal Code: ____________________________________Phone: ___________________________ Fax: ________________________ Cell: ___________________________________________E-Mail: ________________________________________________________

9Other GGB Bearing Materials

45

9 Other GGB Bearing MaterialsWhatever your application requires, GGBoffers the solution with its wide range ofbearing materials:

EP - self-lubricating injection molded ther-moplastic (nylon + PTFE + glass fibers +graphite). Available in stock sizes. Specialsizes and shapes made to order.MF41 - self-lubricating injection moldedthermoplastic (PBT + bronze powder +PTFE). Available in stock sizes. Specialsizes and shapes made to order.DP4 - self-lubricating lead-free metal-poly-mer (steel backing with porous bronze sin-ter + PTFE + CaF2 + polymer fibers) forlubricated and dry applications. Standardsizes, special sizes and shapes made toorder.DU - self-lubricating metal-polymer (steelbacking with porous bronze sinter + PTFE+ lead) for dry and lubricated applica-tions. Available in stock sizes. Specialsizes and shapes made to order.

DU-B - self-lubricating, corrosion resistantmetal-polymer (bronze backing withporous bronze sinter + PTFE + lead) fordry and lubricated applications. Standardsizes, special sizes and shapes made toorder.DX - marginally lubricated metal-polymer(steel backing with porous bronze sinter +acetal) for grease and oil lubricated appli-cations. Available in stock sizes. Specialsizes and shapes made to order.HX - marginally lubricated metal-polymer(steel backing with porous bronze sinter +PEEK + PTFE + fillers) for grease and oillubricated applications. Standard sizes,special sizes and shapes made to order....and many more. Visit us on the internet:www.ggbearings.com

HXMarginally lubricated

Designer´s Handbook GGB

GGB

DXMarginally lubricated


GGB

DU/DU-BDry Bearings


GGB

DP4Maintenance-free


EP/MFEngineered Polymer Bearings

Designer s Handbook GGB

9 Other GGB Bearing Materials

46

Your notes:

©2005 GGB. All rights reserved

This handbook was designed by Profidoc Silvia Freitag

www.profidoc.de

The information in this bulletin should be used as an informational guide for your consideration, investigatian and verification. This infor-mation does not constitute a warranty or representation, and we assume no legal responsibility or obligation with respect thereto and the use to which such information may be put. GGB generally war-rants, as set forth below, that products described in this brochure are free from defects in workmanship and material, but unless expressly agreed in writing GGB gives no warranty that these products are suit-able for any particular purpose or for use under any specific conditions notwithstanding that such purpose would appear to be covered by this publication.

GGB STANDARD WARRANTY AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY. Seller warrants that if any product of its manufacture upon examination is found by a Seller's representative to be defective in either workman-ship or material under normal use and service Seller, at its option, will repair or replace same free of charge including lowest transportation charges but not cost of installation or removal or will refund the pur-chase price thereof, provided that Seller receives written notification of a claim specifying the defect within ninety (90) days from date of dis-tributor sale or one (1) year from date of factory shipment, whichever occurs first. In no event shall Seller be liable for any claims, whether arising from breach of contract or warranty or claims of negligence or negligent manufacture, in excess of the purchase price. ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED AND IMPLIED INCLUDING ANY WAR-RANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR PARTICU-LAR USE ARE HEREBY DISCLAIMED. The foregoing expresses all of Seller's obligations and liabilities with respect to the quality of items fur-nished by it and it shall under no circumstances be liable for conse-quential, collateral or special losses or damages.

GAR-MAX® is a trademark of GGB.GAR-FIL® is a trademark of GGB.

HSGTM is a trademark of GGB.

MLGTM is a trademark of GGB.

HPMTM is a trademark of GGB.

HPFTM is a trademark of GGB.MEGALife® XT is a trademark of GGB.

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