Fijian Diet – National Nutrition Survey 2004NCDs – Non-communicable diseases

• Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) include cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancers. • Diseases that can’t be “caught” through transfer of germs or microbs vs. communicable (TB, AIDs, Worms, Flu etc.)• Behavioural risk factors,

– tobacco use, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet responsible for est 80% coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease and 40% cancer

• Metabolic risk factors – overweight, obese, having raised cholesterol, and blood pressure. (age, ethnicity, heriditary factors)

• 63% of deaths worldwide were due to NCDs in 2008 (15% increase by 2020) – major global issues that can be prevented through global action

• The fundamental cause of obesity and overweight is an energy imbalance– Energy in vs. energy out

32%41%

27%

56% 58%

30%

67%74% 70%

64%

86% 87%

65%

ObeseOverweight

22%

36%

28%22%

57%62%

47%

40%36% 34%

20% 22%

15%10%

25%

45%

37%32%

52% 50%

65%

52%

Male % Smoking Female % Smok-ingMale % InactiveFemale % Inac-tive

Obesity, Overweight, smoking and activity across Pacific Nations

The Fijian diet - sources

Sugar & Sweets; 4.9%

Traditional Staples; 20.0%

Bread & Flour Products; 13.9%

Rice; 12.4%

Roti; 7.7%

Fish & Seafood, 8.8%

Meat; 5.2%

Poultry; 3.4%

Vegetable Fat; 6.9% Coconut; 3.4% Traditional Staples; 4.2% Bread & Flour

Products; 6.3%

Roti; 4.0%Fish & Seafoods;

11.4%

Meat; 14.1%

Poultry; 7.4%

Vegetable Fat; 24.9%

Coconut; 10.7%

Dairy; 3.0%Animal Fat; 3.7%

Traditional Staples; 4.4%

Bread & Flour Products; 11.0%

Rice; 6.1%

Roti; 4.5%

Fish & Seafoods; 35.5%

Meat; 11.0%

Poultry; 9.8%

Dairy; 2.4%

Green Leaves; 2.4% Nuts & Legumes; 5.0% Sugar & Sweets;

8.0%

Traditional Staples; 31.2%

Bread & Flour Products; 18.2%

Rice; 19.5%

Roti; 10.2%

Sources of energy Sources of fat

Sources of protein Sources of carbohydrate

The Fijian diet – sugar and soft drinks

Percentage of daily intake of sugar compared with World Health Organisation recommendation

Sources of sugar

• Majority of people (66-72%) consuming less than calculated recommended amount (28.87 g/day)• Sugar from cold beverages estimated to contribute 7.82% (2.65 g/day) • Soft drink cola and lemonade estimated to contribute 2.85% (<1 g/day)• Orange Juice and Cordial estimated to contribute 4.96% (1.7 g/day)