figure 19-1 open drive reciprocating compressor (courtesy

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Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition Carter Stanfield • David Skaves

Figure 19-1 Open drive reciprocating compressor (Courtesy Vilter Manufacturing)



Figure 19-2 Scroll compressor



Figure 19-3 Centrifugal compressor



Figure 19-4 Screw compressor



Figure 19-5 Rotary compressor



Figure 19-6 Compressor application by types



Figure 19-7 Open compressor



Figure 19-8 Industrial duty open type compressor



Figure 19-9 Direct drive compressor (Courtesy Frick, York Refrigeration Systems)



Figure 19-10 Open type direct drive compressor (Courtesy Hampden Engineering Corporation)



Figure 19-11 Hermetic compressor



Figure 19-12 A glass to metal connection is used to isolate the electrical terminals from the metal compressor shell



Figure 19-13 Hermetically sealed electric motor compressor units (Courtesy Danfoss Inc.)



Figure 19-14 Cutaway view of hermetic compressor showing internal isolation spring inset (Courtesy Danfoss Inc.)



Figure 19-15 Semi-hermetic compressor used for medium and low temperature refrigeration



Figure 19-16 The crankshaft rotates while the piston moves up and down



Figure 19-17 Reciprocating compressor parts



Figure 19-18 Crankthrow crankshaft



Figure 19-19 Eccentric crankshaft



Figure 19-20 One piece and two piece connecting rods



Figure 19-21 Compressor piston with rings



Figure 19-22 Typical reciprocating compressor cylinder valves: (a) Flexing reed valve; (b) Floating reed valve; (c) Ring valves; (d) Reduced clearance poppet valve, discus compressor



Figure 19-23 Complete compression cycle of a reciprocating piston compressor



Figure 19-24 The two elements of a pressure-volume plot, used in the study of reciprocating compressor performance



Figure 19-25 Beginning of the intake stroke; A: Top dead center; B: Suction valve ready to open



Figure 19-26 Useful portion of intake stroke, B to C



Figure 19-27 Compression stroke C to D, with cylinder valves closed



Figure 19-28 Discharge portion of compression stroke, D to A



Figure 19-29 Complete P-V diagram for a one cycle compressor cylinder



Figure 19-30 Rotary blade compressor (Courtesy of Rotorex Company, Inc.)



Figure 19-31 Stationary blade (rolling piston) rotary compressor



Figure 19-32 Compression cycle for a rotary compressor



Figure 19-33 A movable scroll orbits inside a fixed scroll



Figure 19-34 Scroll compressor parts shown in a cutaway



Figure 19-35 Partial cutaway of a scroll compressor (Courtesy Danfoss Inc.)



Figure 19-36 Scroll compressor movement; notice that the red dots on the scrolls stay very close together through the compression cycle



Figure 19-37 The two step scroll compressor activates a solenoid to go from 67% to 100% capacity



Figure 19-38 Control module for two-step scroll compressor



Figure 19-39 Digital scroll operation



Figure 19-40 (a) Semi-hermetic dual rotary screw compressor



Figure 19-40 (b) Single screw open compressor (b: Courtesy of Vilter Manufacturing)



Figure 19-41 Three views showing the operating principle of a single rotary screw compressor (Courtesy of Vilter Manufacturing)



Figure 19-42 Cross section view of a twin screw showing the gas flow through the compressors



Figure 19-44 Multi-stage centrifugal compressor



Figure 19-45 The gas enters the impellor in the center and is thrown outward by centrifugal force



Figure 19-46 Lightweight high-speed centrifugal impeller



Figure 19-47 Transport refrigeration compressor mounted to diesel engine



Figure 19-48 Oil slinger on small semi-hermetic compressor



Figure 19-49 Oil is delivered through the holes in the crankshaft



Figure 19-50 Compressor with oil pump mounted (Courtesy Hampden Engineering Corporation)



Figure 19-51 Lubrication of the compressor bearings using drilled oil passages (Courtesy of Frick Company)



Figure 19-52 Oil sight glass three-eighths full



Figure 19-53 The oil level must be visible in the sight glass (Courtesy Hampden Engineering Corporation)



Figure 19-54 External crankcase heater for hermetic compressors



Figure 19-55 External crankcase heater for semi-hermetic compressors (Courtesy Hampden Engineering Corporation)



Figure 19-56 Capacity control by using two compressors on a common refrigerant circuit



Figure 19-57 The standard head is on the left, the head with the unloader is on the right



Figure 19-58 Compressors with brushless DC switched reluctance motors enable efficient control of compressor energy use and capacity (Reprinted courtesy of Daikin AC (Americas) Inc.)



Figure 19-59 Bearing surface is worn due to oil dilution



Figure 19-60 Liquid slugging can break internal compressor parts



Figure 19-61 Compressor heads should not be discolored; this head shows the effect of high discharge temperature



Figure 19-62 Elongated rod was caused by constant pressure on top of the piston because of leaking discharge valves

figure 19-1 open drive reciprocating compressor (courtesy

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