figure 14-01
DESCRIPTION
Figure 14-01. Removed stamens from purple flower. Transferred sperm- bearing pollen from stamens of white flower to egg- bearing carpel of purple flower. LE 14-2. Parental generation (P). Stamens. Carpel. Pollinated carpel matured into pod. Planted seeds from pod. Examined - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Figure 14-01
LE 14-2
Removed stamensfrom purple flower
Transferred sperm-bearing pollen fromstamens of whiteflower to egg-bearing carpel ofpurple flower
Carpel Stamens
Parentalgeneration(P)
Pollinated carpelmatured into pod
Planted seedsfrom pod
Examinedoffspring:all purpleflowers
Firstgenerationoffspring(F1)
LE 14-2a
Removed stamensfrom purple flower
Transferred sperm-bearing pollen fromstamens of whiteflower to egg-bearing carpel ofpurple flower
Stamens
Planted seedsfrom pod
Carpel
Parentalgeneration(P)
Pollinated carpelmatured into pod
LE 14-2b
Firstgenerationoffspring(F1)
Examinedoffspring:all purpleflowers
LE 14-3
P Generation
(true-breedingparents)
F1 Generation
(hybrids)
F2 Generation
Purpleflowers
Whiteflowers
All plants hadpurple flowers
Table 14-1
LE 14-4
Allele for purple flowers
Homologouspair ofchromosomes
Allele for white flowers
Locus for flower-color gene
LE 14-5_1
Appearance:Genetic makeup:
Gametes:
P Generation
F1 Generation
Purpleflowers
PP
Whiteflowers
pp
pP
Purple flowersPp
Appearance:Genetic makeup:
LE 14-5_2
Appearance:
P Generation
Genetic makeup:
Gametes
F1 Generation
Appearance:Genetic makeup:
Gametes:
F2 Generation
Purple flowersPp
P p1 21 2
P p
F1 sperm
F1 eggsPP Pp
Pp pp
P
p
3 : 1
Purpleflowers
PP
Whiteflowers
pp
P p
LE 14-6
Phenotype
Purple
Purple3
Purple
Genotype
PP(homozygous
Pp(heterozygous
Pp(heterozygous
pp(homozygous
1
2
1
Ratio 1:2:1
White
Ratio 3:1
1
LE 14-7
Dominant phenotype,unknown genotype:
PP or Pp?
If PP,then all offspring
purple:
p p
P
P
Pp Pp
Pp Pp
If Pp,then 1
2 offspring purpleand 1
2 offspring white:
p p
P
Ppp pp
Pp Pp
Recessive phenotype,known genotype:
pp
LE 14-8
P Generation
F1 Generation
YYRR
Gametes YR yr
yyrr
YyRr
Hypothesis ofdependentassortment
Hypothesis of independent assortment
SpermEggs
YR
Yr
yrYR
YR
yr
Eggs
YYRR YyRr
YyRr yyrr yR
yrPhenotypic ratio 3:1
F2 Generation(predictedoffspring)
YYRR YYRr YyRR YyRr
YYRr YYrr YyRr Yyrr
YyRR YyRr yyRR yyRr
YyRr Yyrr yyRr yyrr
Phenotypic ratio 9:3:3:1
YR Yr yR yr
Sperm
12
14
14
14
14
1 43
4
12
12
12
14
916
316
316
316
14
14
14
LE 14-9
Segregation ofalleles into eggs
Rr
Sperm
R r
R
rR
R
R
r
Eggs
r
R
r
r
Segregation ofalleles into sperm
Rr
12
12
14
14
14
14
12
12
LE 14-10
RedCRCR
Gametes
P Generation
CR CW
WhiteCWCW
PinkCRCW
CRGametes CW
F1 Generation
F2 Generation Eggs
CR CW
CR
CRCR CRCW
CRCW CWCW
CW
Sperm
12
12
12
12
12
12
LE 14-10a
P Generation
RedCRCR
Gametes CR CW
WhiteCWCW
LE 14-10b
F1 Generation
Gametes CR CW
PinkCRCW
12
12
LE 14-10c
F2 Generation Eggs
CRCW
Sperm
CWCW
CRCWCRCR
CR
CW
CR CW
12
12
12
12
Table 14-2
LE 14-11
Sperm
BC bC Bc bc
BbCcBBCcBbCCBBCC
BbCC bbCC BbCc bbCc
BbccBBccBbCcBBCc
BbCc bbCc Bbcc bbcc
BC
bC
Bc
bc
BbCc BbCc
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
916
316
416
LE 14-12
aabbcc Aabbcc AaBbcc AaBbCc AABbCc AABBCc AABBCC
AaBbCcAaBbCc
20/64
15/64
6/64
1/64
Fra
ctio
n o
f p
rog
eny
Figure 14-13
LE 14-14a
Ww ww ww Ww
Ww wwWwwwwwWw
WW wwor
Ww
No widow’s peak
Thirdgeneration
(two sisters)
Widow’s peak
Second generation(parents plus aunts
and uncles)
First generation(grandparents)
Dominant trait (widow’s peak)
LE 14-14b
First generation(grandparents) Ff Ff
FF or Ff ff ff Ff Ff
ff
ff
Ff
Second generation(parents plus aunts
and uncles)
Thirdgeneration
(two sisters)
Attached earlobe Free earlobe
ff FForFf
Recessive trait (attached earlobe)
Figure 14-15
Figure 14-16
LE 14-17a
Amniocentesis
Amnioticfluidwithdrawn
Fetus
A sample ofamniotic fluid canbe taken starting atthe 14th to 16thweek of pregnancy.
Centrifugation
Placenta Uterus Cervix
Fluid
Fetalcells
Biochemical tests can beperformed immediately onthe amniotic fluid or lateron the cultured cells. Biochemical
tests
Severalweeks
Karyotyping
Fetal cells must be culturedfor several weeks to obtainsufficient numbers forkaryotyping.
LE 14-17b
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
Placenta Chorionic villi
Fetus
Suction tubeinserted throughcervix
Fetalcells
Biochemicaltests Karyotyping and biochemical
tests can be performed onthe fetal cells immediately,providing results within a dayor so.
Severalhours
A sample of chorionic villustissue can be taken as earlyas the 8th to 10th week ofpregnancy.
Karyotyping
LE 14-UN273
George Arlene
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Carla
WilmaSam
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TomSandra
Christopher