0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

Dec-31-2019 Jan-21-2020 Feb-11-2020 Mar-03-2020 Mar-24-2020 Apr-14-2020 May-05-2020

HIV/AIDS Transport injuries Self-harm Malaria COVID-19 (actual)Deaths, daily

Figure 1. The global burden of disease: COVID-19 versus other causes

Enhancedcapabilities

- Access to quality health at all levels- High-quality education at all levels- Effective access to present-day technologies- Resilience to unknown new shocks

Examples of achievements

Basiccapabilities

- Early childhood survival- Primary education- Entry-level technology- Resilience to recurrent shocks

Examples of achievements

Figure 2. Human development: From basic to enhanced capabilities

-0.020

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0

0.005

0.010

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019 (a

)

2020

Change in Human Development Index value, annual

2020 simulated change in COVID-19-adjusted HDI

a) The 2019 value is a provisonal estimate.

The Global Financial Crisis

Figure 3. Human development is facing an unprecedented hit since the concept was introduced in 1990

COVID-19-adjusted Human Development Index value

Scenario:No internet

Scenario:Closing internet gap withinhuman development group

0.64

0.66

0.68

0.70

0.72

0.74

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Figure 4. The decline in human development due to COVID-19 could be halved with more equitable internet access

Number of countries implementing each type of measure, by human development group

18

3136

19

27

36

42 42

53

40

5659

Lockdowns School closures Movement restrictions

Low Medium High Very high

Human development group

Figure 5. Most countries around the globe have implemented nonpharmaceutical interventions to slow the spread of COVID-19

Low Medium High Very high

Human development group

0

250,000

500,000

750,000

1,000,000

1,250,000

1,500,000

1-Jan 23-Jan 2-Feb 12-Feb 22-Feb 3-Mar 13-Mar 23-Mar 2-Apr 12-Apr 22-Apr 2-May

0

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

1-Jan 23-Jan 2-Feb 12-Feb 22-Feb 3-Mar 13-Mar 23-Mar 2-Apr 12-Apr 22-Apr 2-May

0

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

7,000,000

8,000,000

1-Jan 23-Jan 2-Feb 12-Feb 22-Feb 3-Mar 13-Mar 23-Mar 2-Apr 12-Apr 22-Apr 2-May

Countries with school closures due to COVID-19Number of school-age children (ages 5–17), by human development group (millions)

Countries implementing lockdowns due to COVID-19Population, by human development group (billions)

Countries implementing movement restrictions due to COVID-19Population, by human development group (billions)

Figure 6. Internal and external restrictions related to COVID-19 affected more than 7 billion people in 183 countries by mid-April 2020

0

5

10

15

20

0.4 0.6 0.8 1

Human Development Index value, 2018

Direct spending

0

10

20

30

0.4 0.6 0.8 1

Human Development Index value, 2018

Loans and guarantees

Percent of GDP Percent of GDP

Figure 7. The scale of fiscal measures related to COVID-19 depends on a country’s level of human development

13.5

13.0

12.5

12.0

11.5

14.0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Before the 2008 global financial crisis

After the 2008 global financial crisis

Global youth unemployment rate (%)

Figure 8. Global youth unemployment jumped after the 2008 global financial crisis and has yet to recover

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18

Lowest socioeconomic group

Medium socioeconomic group

Highest socioeconomic group

Relative excess ratio, by socioeconomic group

Figure 9. The lowest socioeconomic group in Puerto Rico saw estimated excess deaths related to Hurricane Maria peak two months later than the medium and highest socioeconomic groups did

26.5

6.7 6.3 1.4 9.5

85.9

74.2

46.9

20.0

59.6

Low Medium High Very high World

Base, before COVID-19 closure Effective, during COVID-19 closure

Short-term effective out-of-school rate for primary education, second quarter of 2020 (% of primary school–age children)

Negative effect of COVID-19 closure = 59.4

67.4

40.5

18.6

50.1

Box figure 1. The short-term effective out-of-school rate for primary education has jumped substantially for all human development groups

Box figure 2. Inequality in internet access will have a major effect on the long-term out-of-school rate for primary education

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018

Effective out-of-school rate for primary education (% of primary school–age children)

Scenario:No internet

2020

Scenario:Closing internet gap withinhuman development group

Figure 10. Inequalities in access to technology across human development groups are wide and growing

2017 Change, 2007–2017

Very highMedium HighHuman development group

Low Very highMedium HighHuman development group

Low

Mobile phone subscriptions, by human development group (per 100 inhabitants)

131.6116.7

90.6

67.026.1

49.3

59.5

49.3

2017 Change, 2007–2017

Very highMedium HighHuman development group

Low Very highMedium HighHuman development group

Low

Internet access, by human development group (% of households)

84.1

51.7

26.8

15.0

35.6

13.1

24.0

42.9

2017 Change, 2007–2017

Very highMedium HighHuman development group

Low Very highMedium HighHuman development group

Low

Computer access, by human development group (% of households)

80.7

47.0

20.09.7

23.8

6.3

13.3

30.0

0.4 10.6 0.8

Human Development Index value, 2018

Tests per 1,000 people

150

100

50

0

Figure 11. Very few countries—even those with higher human development—are using widespread testing

2015 Change, 2005–2015

Very highHuman development group

HighMediumLow Very highHuman development group

HighMediumLow

Physicians, by human development group (per 1,000 inhabitants)

3.1

1.8

0.5

0.2

0.31

0.04 0.04

0.18

2015 Change, 2005–2017

Very highHuman development group

HighLow/Medium Very highHuman development group

HighLow/Medium

Expenditure on research and development, by human development group (% of GDP)

1.6

0.5

0.2

0.25

(0.04)

0.07

2017 Change, 2007–2017

Very highHuman development group

HighLow/Medium Very highHuman development group

HighLow/Medium

Researchers in research and development, by human development group (per million people)

3,611

701

251

673

96

217

Figure 12. Inequalities in knowledge and innovation are intense and widening in all human development groups

0102030405060708090

Low Medium High Very highQ1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5

Percent, by human development group and wealth quintile

Figure 13. People in low-income groups are much more vulnerable during the COVID-19 crisis because they lack the ability to come up emergency funds

I did not attendsocial gatherings

I washed handsmore frequently

I would have informedpeople about symptoms

I kept 2m distance

I stayed home

Percentage0 20 10040 60 80

91.14

89.42

92.77

68.91

78.05

Figure 14. High global compliance with social distance behaviours