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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
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Fighting
Future Flood
Damage
A.J. Mumm, Polk County
Larry Hurst, Mills County
Iowa League of Cities 2012 Annual Conference & Exhibit
Handouts and presentations are available online at www.iowaleague.org
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Objectives • Introduce the Iowa Emergency Management
Association (IEMA) – mission, members and purpose
• Present the Mitigation Basics – definition, strategies and examples
• Describe the Planning Process
• Highlight the Hazard Mitigation Assistance Program – eligible activity types and project examples
• Suggestions and Resources
• Q&A
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
The Iowa Emergency Management
Association exists to advance the professional
interests of its members and to assist Iowans in
preserving life and protecting property in the face of any
hazard.
• Iowa Certified EM • Legislative Advocacy • Continuing Education • Mentoring • Information Sharing • Networking
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Local Emergency Management Commissions
Local Emergency
Management Commission
Mayor Mayor Mayor Mayor Board of Supervisor Sheriff
Emergency Management
Agency
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
•Coordinating emergency and
disaster operations
• Facilitating recovery operations and programs following the impact of natural or man-made disasters
•Developing emergency plans, facilitating
training, and conducting disaster
exercises
•Creating and enhancing partnerships with local jurisdictions, the private sector, non-profit organizations, and citizens
Organize Prepare
Respond Recover
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Duties & Responsibilities
Hazard Analysis & Risk Assessment
Resource Management Planning Direction and
Control
Damage Assessment
Comms. and Warning
Operations and Procedures
Training
Exercises Public Education Admin.
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
mit·i·gate /ˈmɪtɪˌgeɪt/ Show Spelled [mit-i-geyt] Show IPA verb,
mit·i·gat·ed, mit·i·gat·ing.
verb (used with object)
1. to lessen in force or intensity, as wrath, grief, harshness, or pain; moderate.
2. to make less severe: to mitigate a punishment.
3. to make (a person, one's state of mind, disposition, etc.) milder or more gentle; mollify; appease.
FEMA/DHS definition: sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and property from natural hazards and their effects.*
*This definition distinguishes actions that have a long-term impact from those that are more closely associated with immediate response activities.
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Strategies & Examples
Prevention
• Planning and Zoning
• Building Codes
• Capital Improvement Programs
• Open Space Preservation
• Storm Water Management Regulations
• Drainage System Maintenance
Property Protection
• Acquisition
• Elevation
• Relocation
• Structural Retrofits
• Flood Proofing
• Shatter Resistant Glass
• Insurance
Public Education & Awareness
• Outreach Projects
• Real Estate disclosure
• Info Centers
• Education program
• Technical Assistance
• Flood maps and data
Natural Resource Protection
• Sediment and erosion control
• Stream corridor restoration
• Watershed management
• Forest and vegetation management
• Wetland restoration and preservation
Emergency Services Measures
• Warning
• Dam Condition monitoring
• Emergency response planning
• Evacuation
• Critical facilities protection
• Health and safety maintenance
Structural Projects
• Storm water controls (culverts)
• Floodwalls and levees
• Diversions
• Storm sewers
• Channel modifications
• Retaining walls
• Safe rooms
• reservoirs
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Mitigation Planning Overview
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Mitigation Planning Overview
• Step 1: Organize Resources
– Identifying and engaging interested members of the community
– Technical experts
– Elected officials
– Private Sector
– Schools
Document thoroughly with agenda, objectives, sign-in sheets, outcomes, etc.
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Mitigation Planning Overview • Step 2: Assess Risks
– Characteristics and potential consequences of hazards • Historical occurrence, probability, vulnerability,
geographic extent, severity of impact, speed of onset
– Impacts and cascading potentials
– Community assets
Emergency management agency will likely already have a Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment completed. Committee can review, comment and amend for use in this planning process.
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Mitigation Planning Overview
• Step 3: Develop a Mitigation Plan – Potential hazard and asset candidates will
be revealed in the risk assessment phase
– Prioritize strategies and projects:
Social acceptance
Technical capabilities
Administrative capacity
Political appetite
Legal authorities
Environmental impact/benefits
Economic feasibilities – Benefit Cost Analysis
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Mitigation Planning Overview
• Step 4: Implement Plan and Monitor Progress – Pre-disaster mitigation project grants
– Post-disaster mitigation project grants
– Post-disaster public assistance program
– Capital Improvements Program
– Comprehensive Plan
– Incentives for private business and residents
– Others
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
• Hazard Mitigation Grant Program HMGP
• Pre-Disaster Mitigation PDM
• Flood Mitigation Assistance FMA
• Repetitive Flood Claims RFC
• Severe Repetitive Loss SRL
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Program Description • Each program was authorized by separate legislation action,
and as such, each program differs slightly in scope and intent
•Stafford Act
•Follows major disaster declaration
•Funding based on federal assistance for disaster recovery statewide HMGP
•Stafford Act
•Pre-Disaster
•Annual appropriation PDM
•National Flood Insurance Act
•Reduce claims under National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)
•Annual appropriation FMA
•National Flood Insurance Act
•Reduce damages to individual properties with one or more claim payments
•Annual appropriation RFC
•National Flood Insurance Act
•Reduce damages to individual properties with severe repetitive losses
•Annual appropriation SRL
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Historic HMA Funding
FY HMGP * PDM FMA RFC SRL
10 23,361,517 100,000,000 40,000,000 10,000,000 70,000,000
09 359,034,202 90,000,000 35,700,000 10,000,000 80,000,000
08 1,246,236,812 114,000,000 34,000,000 10,000,000 80,000,000
07 315,730,830 100,000,000 31,000,000 10,000,000 40,000,000
06 232,227,932 50,000,000 28,000,000 10,000,000 40,000,000
* fluctuate based on the number and severity of declared disasters
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Eligibility & Cost Sharing
Entity HMGP *
PDM FMA RFC SRL
State agency (EM or similar) X X X X X
Tribal Governments X X X X X
Local government X X X X X
Private non-profit organizations X
In general, HMA funds may be used to pay up to 75% of the eligible
activity costs. Remaining 25% of eligible costs are derived from
non-Federal sources. There are some exceptions.
In general, the non-Federal share may not be met with other Federal
sources, however, there are some exceptions; namely, the U.S. Housing
and Urban Development (HUD) Community Development Block Grants
(CDBG),
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Eligible Activities by Program
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Activity: Property Acquisition and Structure Demolition
• Voluntary acquisition of at-risk structure and land
• Conversion of land to deed-restricted open-space in perpetuity
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Activity: Property Acquisition and Structure Relocation
• Voluntary acquisition of at-risk structure and land
• Conversion of land to deed-restricted open-space in perpetuity
• Physical relocation of existing structure to an area outside hazard prone area
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Activity: Structure Elevation
• Physically raising structure to Base Flood Elevation or higher
• Continuous foundation walls
• Piers or posts
• On fill
• Utilities must be elevated as well
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Activity: Mitigation Reconstruction
• Only eligible under Severe Repetitive Loss program
• Construction of an improved, elevated building on the same site when an existing structure has been partially or completely demolished or destroyed
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Activity: Dry Flood-proofing
• Techniques to keep structures dry by sealing the structure to keep floodwater out
• Permissible on historic residential structures only when other techniques would cause to lose its status
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Activity: Minor Localized Flood Reduction Projects
• Lessen the frequency or severity
• Decrease predicted flood damages
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Activity: Structural Retrofitting of Existing Buildings
• Modifications to structural elements to reduce or eliminate the risk of future damage and to protect inhabitants
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Activity: Non-Structural Retrofitting of Existing Buildings and Facilities
• Bracing of building contents
• Elevation of heating and ventilation systems
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Activity: Safe Room Construction
• Provide immediate life-safety protection in public (community) or private structures from tornado and severe wind events, including hurricanes
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Activity: Infrastructure Retrofit
• Measures to reduce risk to utilities, roads and bridges
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Activity: Soil Stabilization
• Geo-textiles, stabilizing rods, decreasing slope angles, rip rap, anchoring
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Activity: Wildfire Mitigation
• Defensible space
• Ignition-resistant construction
• Fuels reduction
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Activity: Post-Disaster Code Enforcement
• Support post-disaster rebuilding
• Sufficient expertise on hand to ensure appropriate codes and standards are utilized and enforced
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Activity: 5% Initiative Projects
• Difficult to prove BCA cost effectiveness but are consistent with goals of state or local mitigation plans
• Must meet all other HMGP program requirements
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Ineligible Activities
• Do not reduce risk
• Projects that are dependant on another phase to be effective
• Actual physical work as begun prior to award final approval
• Temporary measures
• New construction – Saferoom exception
• Projects that create revolving loan funds
• Projects required as a result of negligence, intentional actions, remedy a code violation or legal obligation imposed by a settlement or court order
• Activities on federal lands
• Beach nourishment/re-nourishment
• Retrofitting facilities primarily used for religious purposes, however a place of worship may be included in property acquisition when the whole area is being removed
• Activities that address only man-made hazards
• Landscaping
• Hazmat site remediation
• Protection of environment (solely)
• Prescribed burning
• Studies not directly related to design and implementation of a mitigation project
• Preparedness measures and response equipment
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Cost Effectiveness
• FEMA validated BCA
• Future benefits (projected losses avoided) related to the project costs
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Environmental and Historic Preservation Requirements
• Programs must conform to all Environmental and Historic Preservation laws
– National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
– National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA)
– Endangered Species Act
• And Executive Orders
– Floodplain Management
– Protection of Wetlands
– Environmental Justice
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
National Flood Insurance Program Eligibility Requirements
• For structures that remain in the Special Flood Hazard Area after the implementation of the project… – Flood insurance must be maintained for the life of
the structure
– Equal to at least the cost of the project
– Regardless of the transfer of ownership
– Subgrantee is responsible for any flood map amendments
– Any costs associated with changes to the Flood Insurance Rate Map are eligible in cost estimate during application process
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Suggestions • Pre-disaster vs. Post-disaster
– Emotion/Reaction
– Clarity of Thought
– Opportunities
• Multi-jurisdictional approach
– Net gain benefits vs. deflected costs
• Integration – Comprehensive Plan
– Capital Improvements Plan
– Lessons Learned
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Resources • Local Emergency Management Agency
• Councils of Government
• Iowa Homeland Security and Emergency Management
• Federal Emergency Management Agency
• Private Contractors
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Q & A
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Iowa League of Cities
Fighting Future Flood Damage
September 27, 2012
Sioux City, Iowa
Thank You