fighting drug-resistant malaria lesson pdf/natural... · • students as interns: as new biomedical...
TRANSCRIPT
FIGHTING DRUG-RESISTANT MALARIA
NSEI 1.1 WARM-UPInterns access the Futura Workspace through the provided link and read the Welcome
Message. (5 min)
Read about your new internship. Follow the instructions
on the student screen to navigate to the Futura Workspace
and access the Welcome to Futura! message in your inbox,
and read about your new internship.
Interns watch an introductory video and discuss what it means to be a biomedical engineer.
(10 min)
Interns, you will be
completing a biomedical
engineering project with
a company called Futura.
You will receive a
message from Ken Tapaha
(Ta - PA - ha) every day.
NSEI INTRODUCING FUTURA
NSEI INTRODUCING FUTURA
Let’s Discuss Engineering!
• What do you already know about the work engineers do?
• Where have you heard the word engineer before?
• What kind of work do engineers do?
Engineers often use math and science to create and design
structures, machines, and everyday objects that help people.
NSEI INTRODUCING FUTURA
What about biomedical engineers? What do you think they do?
• Prosthetics, such as artificial limbs or heart valves
• Systems to monitor body chemistry
• Biomedical electronics, such as surgical robots or the laser system for eye surgery
• Implanted devices, such as insulin pumps, pacemakers and artificial organs
• Physical therapy devices, such as exercise equipment and wearable tech
• Imaging methods (e.g., ultrasound, X-rays, and MRIs)
• Strategies for improved genetic testing
• Development of new drugs and ways to administer drugs (e.g., needle patch)
NSEI INTRODUCING FUTURA
Play Video - Welcome to Futura. The video will explain your engineering design task.
NSEI INTRODUCING FUTURA
Let’s debrief the video.
Share something you have learned or a question you
have about the internship after watching the video.
Your internship project is to create a drug treatment
plan for the Global Health Organization that will help
control drug resistance in malaria parasites.
The internship is fictional.
Futura Engineering and the employees you will meet are fictional, but the work you will
do is very similar to that of real professional engineers.
Professionals-in-training often participate in simulations such as this to practice the
skills needed for the job before being given a real assignment.
Global Health Organization
NSEI INTRODUCING FUTURA
Project roles:
• Ken Tapaha the project director: Ken will give instructions and deadlines. He will
also be in charge of determining whether work is up to Futura Engineering
standards and whether interns are ready to move on to the next phase of the
project.
• Students as interns: As new biomedical engineering interns, you will use what you
have learned in the Natural Selection unit to solve a real and important problem.
You will follow directions from the project director as you plan and test your
designs, and apply what you learn about malaria treatments and engineering
practices.
• Teacher as the internship coordinator: The internship coordinator will
communicate with the project director about interns' progress, answer interns'
questions, and help guide interns through the project.
NSEI INTRODUCING FUTURA
Research phase. During this first phase, interns seek out information to better
understand the problem you are trying to solve: reducing the malaria parasite
population in a region and minimizing their traits for resistance to drug treatments.
Design phase. During this phase, interns apply the research you did toward planning,
building, testing, and analyzing your malaria drug treatment design.
Proposal phase. In this phase, interns write a proposal, describing evidence from the
research and tests of how the malaria drug treatment design addresses the project
criteria.
NSEI INTRODUCING FUTURA
Criteria are the
things that you
must consider, or
think about, and
test to evaluate
whether your
design or project
is successful.
NSEI INTRODUCING FUTURA
Review criteria using Dossier: "Request
for Proposals, located in library .
Let’s discuss the 3 criteria!
1. Minimize the percentage of the
malaria population with high drug
resistance:
• The longer a drug treatment is
effective without showing traits of
drug resistance, the more likely it is
to continue to cure patients and save
lives.
NSEI INTRODUCING FUTURA
Review criteria using Dossier: "Request
for Proposals, located in library .
Let’s discuss the 3 criteria!
2. Minimize patient side effects:
• keeping patients comfortable makes
them more likely to finish their
treatments.
• Minimize means to be as low or
small as possible while maximize
means to be as high or as large/long
as possible.
NSEI INTRODUCING FUTURA
Review criteria using Dossier: "Request
for Proposals, located in library .
Let’s discuss the 3 criteria!
3. Keep treatment costs low: malaria
treatments must be affordable in order
to treat as many patients, especially
children, as possible.
In addition, the malaria treatments you
design must not result in an increase to
the malaria parasite population.
NSEI 1.2 READING ABOUT MALARIA
Interns use Active Reading to learn more about malaria by annotating and discussing Chapter
2 of the Dossier. (20 min)
Introducing Futura Workspace.
You will use this Workspace
throughout the internship…
• receive daily messages from the
project director,
• record notes on project
information, and
• submit work to the project director
through forms found in the
Workspace.
NSEI 1.2 READING ABOUT MALARIA
ITEMS TO BE AWARE OF:
• The inbox has an icon for messages.
• You will see new icons for notes and forms
later in this internship.
• The icon you use to access the Design Tool.
• Some messages will have a quick link to
open the Dossier, but you can also open
the Dossier by going to the Amplify Library
from the Global Navigation Menu in
Amplify Science or by selecting the Dossier
in the Digital Resources in the Lesson Brief.
• The Dossier and the Design Tool are the
two main sources you will use to complete
your background research, starting today.
NSEI 1.2 READING ABOUT MALARIA
Futura Biomedical Engineer's Dossier
You will begin research on malaria by
reading portions of their Futura
Biomedical Engineer's Dossier.
A dossier (DAW-see-ay) is a term
professionals sometimes use for a set
of related documents, including all of
your project details.
Your Dossier includes the background
information you need to complete this
Engineering Internship.
Use the Table of Contents (open book) to navigate the
other chapters in the dossier.
NSEI 1.2 READING ABOUT MALARIA
Use the glossary
and vocabulary
reveal feature of
the Dossier.
If you need more
support with the
engineering and
project terms confer
with your colleagues
and look at the
glossary.
Researching and
collaborating are
important practices
for engineers.
Click on highlighted vocabulary in Dossier
NSEI 1.2 READING ABOUT MALARIA
Active Reading strategy and
guidelines.
It is essential that you understand the
disease malaria (Reading Chapter 2).
Engineers read like scientists: reading
multiple times, taking notes, and asking
critical questions. As engineering
interns, you should practice these
skills, just as you have been doing in
science class by using Active Reading.
Before we begin, let's check in about a
couple of vocabulary terms.
NSEI 1.2 READING ABOUT MALARIA
You will be reading the word - “malaria” and “parasite” - many times in your Dossier.
Do you know of any familiar
parasites?
- Tapeworms, fleas
NSEI 1.2 READING ABOUT MALARIA
Use the Table of Contents to navigate to Chapter 2: "Basic Facts About Malaria."
Look at the questions to focus on while you read the text and make annotations that
help you answer the following questions:
• What is malaria?
• Why is it such a problem in the world?
Make annotations on any questions and
connections you make.
NSEI 1.2 READING ABOUT MALARIA
Begin your research in the Dossier – Chapter 2 (10 minutes)
NSEI 1.2 READING ABOUT MALARIA
Share your annotations and discuss the reading with a colleague.
NSEI 1.2 READING ABOUT MALARIA
Let’s Summarize The Key Points
Malaria is an illness in humans caused by microscopic
parasites called Plasmodium.
Malaria parasites are carried by mosquitoes from
person to person.
There are important ways to prevent malaria that don't
require the use of drugs, such as using insect
repellents or sleeping under mosquito nets.
Some populations of malaria parasites are becoming
resistant to certain antimalarial drugs due to natural
selection.
NSEI 1.2 READING ABOUT MALARIA
You can use the Dossier for reference at any time.
• Expect to read sections of it several times during your
internship.
• Just like scientists and engineers do, you will be reading it
multiple times for understanding.
Remember to submit
your annotations.
After-hours assignment.
• You will also be reading and annotating Chapter 1:
"Request for Proposals" (RFP) as part of your
research.
NSEI EXPLORING MALARIAMED
Interns freely explore the Design Tool and discuss its features. (10 min)
Let’s discuss the purpose of models in engineering.
• In order to work on this problem, Futura has designed a tool that allows interns to design
and test several drug treatment strategies to help minimize drug resistance.
• Interns will use the Design Tool, which is a digital model of a population of malaria parasites.
• In the model you can test various selection pressures in the form of antimalarial drugs.
Why do engineers use models in their work?
• To learn more about processes that would be difficult to test in real life because they
are too complicated, too far away, too small, or too large to see with the eye; too
dangerous or risky to test on humans; or take too long to test in real time.
Let’s review different types of models.
• 3-D physical models, diagrams, and digital simulations (like MalariaMed).
• All represent something complex that becomes easier to study through a model.
NSEI EXPLORING MALARIAMED
MalariaMed. a model for testing drug resistance in a
population of malaria parasites.
How can you use this
tool to develop a
treatment for malaria?
Explore the Design Tool on your devices (2-3 minutes)
You will be
using this tool
over the next
few days as
you continue
your research
and eventually
test designs to
address the
project criteria.
NSEI EXPLORING MALARIAMED
MalariaMed. a model for testing drug resistance in a
population of malaria parasites.
Discuss your
observations
with a
colleague.
• Share what
you noticed or
found
interesting
during your
exploration.
NSEI EXPLORING MALARIAMED
MalariaMed. a model for testing drug resistance in a
population of malaria parasites.
You will be exploring MalariaMed in depth over the next few days.
What did you initially noticed about the Design Tool?
• Each day of malaria treatment can have one drug of only one dose size
• There is a minimum 1-day treatment, maximum 7-days treatment
• Test shows final results related to the project criteria: including the percentage of malaria
population with high resistance to each drug after 10 years of using this treatment with all malaria
patients, the patient side effects, and total cost for 1000 treatments, as well as reports about
whether the size of the Total Parasite Population decreased, increased, or did not change
• Histograms show how many parasites in the population have each trait for resistance to each
drug: none, some, high
• The percent toggle shows/hides what percentage of the malaria parasite population has each trait
• The time slider explores how the number of individuals with each trait changes each year
NSEI 1.3 HOMEWORK
After-Hours Work: Interns read and annotate the Request for Proposals (RFP).
Select NEXT to submit your annotations