Cabinet

Prime Minister

Minister of Defense

Senior Vice-Minister of Defense

(Internal bureaus)

Security Council

(As of end of FY 2007)

Min

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r's S

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CooperativeOrganizations

SDF

Phys

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SDF

Cent

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Regi

onal

Hos

pita

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Prov

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ratio

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Join

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Units

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age

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ffice

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Parliamentary Secretary for Defense

Vice-Minister of Defense

Private Secretary of the Minister of Defense

Parliamentary Secretary for Defense

Director General(s)

Fig. III-4-1-1 Organizational Chart of the Ministry of Defense

� Regional Armies � Composed of multiple divisions, brigades and other directly controlled units (such as engineer brigades and

anti-aircraft artillery groups) � There are five regional armies, each mainly in charge of the defense of their respective regions

� Divisions and Brigades � Compared to the combat troops, composed of logistics support units which support combat units and others

� Self-Defense Fleet � Consists of key units such as the Fleet Escort Force, the Fleet Air Force (consisting of fixed-wing patrol aircraft

units and such), and the Submarine Force � Responsible for the defense of the sea areas around Japan primarily through mobile operations

� Regional Units � The five regional units mainly guard their posts and support the Self-Defense fleet

� Air Defense Command � Composed of three air defense forces and the Southwestern Composite Air Division � Primarily responsible for general air defense duties

� Air Defense Force � Composed of key units such as air wings (including fighter aircraft and others), the Aircraft Control and Warning

Wing (including aircraft warning and control units), and Air Defense Missile Groups (including surface-to-air guided missile units)

� An institution for the cultivation of future SDF officers Conducts training and education for future SDF officers (including education that complies to university

establishment standards which are the same as other universities)� Offers a science and engineering postgraduate course equivalent to a master’s or doctoral degree from a

university (undergraduate and postgraduate courses) and a comprehensive security postgraduate course equivalent to a master’s degree.

Conducts education and training in order to impart a high ability of knowledge and research capability

� An institution for the cultivation of future SDF medical officers Conducts education and training for future SDF officers who will serve as medical doctors (including education

which complies to the School Education Act that universities with medical education also comply to)� Offers a medical course that complies with university establishment standards for PhD programs for schools of

medicine. Conducts education and training in order to impart a high ability of knowledge of advanced theoretics, application,

and related-research capabilities

� Organization that functions as a “think tank” of the Ministry of Defense � Conducts basic research and studies related to the administration and operation of the SDF* � Conducts research and compiles data on military history � Educates SDF officers and other senior officials � Manages books and documents of historical value located in the connected library

� Central intelligence agency of the Ministry of Defense, which collects and analyzes military data � Collects various military intelligence, including signal intelligence, image information and information acquired

by warning and surveillance activities; comprehensively analyzes and assesses the information; and provides information to related organizations within the ministry

� Consists of six communication sites and its headquarters

� Central organization that conducts equipment-related research and development � Conducts R&D in response to the operational needs of each service of the SDF � Conducts R&D in a wide range of fields, from firearms, vehicles, ships and aircraft used by each service of the

SDF to responses and clothing

� Central organization for affairs related to equipment procurement required by the SDF to accomplish its duties � Necessary equipment include firearms, explosives, fuel, guided weapons, ships, aircraft, and vehicles � Within the construction work related affairs, the drafting of technical standards and evaluation of plans are

conducted

� Institution which checks the general operations of the Ministry of Defense and SDF from an independent perspective

� Checks the accounting procedures, bidding procedures and other operational procedures from an independent viewpoint to ensure they are conducted fairly and in accordance with the law

� Local branch office that provides defense administration in the provinces � Conducts administrative work related to obtaining the cooperation of local public organizations and the local

people, local equipment procurement, and administration related to facilities � Existing in the following eight regions: Hokkaido, Touhoku, North-Kanto, South-Kanto, Central Kinki, Kyushu and

Okinawa

Organization Outline

National DefenseMedical College(Tokorozawa,Saitama)

Technical Researchand DevelopmentInstitute(Shinjuku-ward,Tokyo)

EquipmentProcurement andConstruction Office(Shinjuku-ward,Tokyo)

Defense IntelligenceHeadquarters(Shinjuku-ward,Tokyo)

ASDF (see above)

National DefenseAcademy of Japan(Yokosuka,Kanagawa)

MSDF (see above)

GSDF (see Locationof Principal SDFUnits at the end ofthe book)

National Institutefor Defense Studies(Meguro-ward,Tokyo)

Defense IntelligenceHeadquarters(Shinjuku-ward,Tokyo)

Inspector General’sOffice of LegalCompliance(Shinjuku-ward,Tokyo)

Regional DefenseBureau (eightexisting inthe country)

Fig. III-4-1-2 Outline of the Ministry of Defense

Fig. III-4-1-3 Changes in Male Population at the Ages Eligible for Recruitment of Males to the Short-Term Service

Popu

latio

n of

men

age

d 18

(Lef

t sca

le)

Popu

latio

n of

men

age

d 18

-26

(Rig

ht s

cale

)(1,000 personnel)(1,000 personnel)

(Year)

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

1,100

1,200

30292827262524232221201918171615141312111098765435,000

5,500

6,000

6,500

7,000

7,500

8,000

8,500

9,000

9,500

Population of men aged 18 (Left scale)

Population of men aged 18 -26 (Right scale)

Sources: The data of up to and including 2004, and data of 2006; “Population Estimates of Japan 1920-2000” and “Annual Report on Current Population Estimates” by the Statistics Bureau of the Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications Data of 2005; National Institute of Population and Social Security Research made calculations based on the “Population Census,” by the Statistics Bureau of the Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications, and made corrections by proportionally distributing the population with unknown age. Data of 2007 and after; “Future Estimate of Japan’s Population” by the National Institute of Population and Social Security Research (based on average estimate as of December 2006)

Related governmentalactivitiesMeasures by the Ministry of Defense and SDFItems

� A new personnel evaluation system was introduced on a trial basis in January 2006.

� Laws have been organized and prepared with public servants in other Ministries and Agencies: to set up a system which obliges personnel who leave their position soon after returning from overseas to reimburse overseas training expenses; to improve the system for personnel exchanges between the public and private sectors; and to introduce a system for leaves of absences for self-development.

� In response to the establishment of the Diet bill to partially revise the National Civil Service Law and related regulations, study is underway on laws that will be applied to SDF personnel, considering the specific features of special services.

� The Defense Agency Headquarters for the Promotion of Gender Equality was established in 2001, with then Senior Vice-Minister of Defense as the head of the organization. It has implemented various measures.

� In 2006, the headquarters drew up the Basic Plan for Gender Equality in the Defense Agency and made other decisions to promote: the expansion in the recruitment and employment of female personnel, support for female personnel to balance work and family life, the improvement of facilities and accommodation on ships and other work areas to fit situations where more and more female personnel are being placed.

� The Defense Agency Committee for the Promotion of Measures to Support the Development of the Next Generation was established.

� The Defense Agency drew up the Action Plan of the Defense Agency as a specific business proprietor. (In particular, encouraging male personnel to take child-care leave and special leave, and establishing day care centers on the premises of the Ministry of Defense and SDF).

� After its establishment in 2003, the Defense Agency Headquarters for the Prevention of Suicide has discussed measures to prevent suicide and distributed referential materials on suicide prevention to garrisons and bases.

� Efforts to enhance awareness among SDF personnel have been made through improvement in the counseling system, and the production and dissemination of educational videos.

� In relation to mental health, measures on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Critical Incident Stress have been deliberated.

� The GSDF, MSDF, and ASDF have assigned Warrant Officers and senior enlisted personnel new roles, including giving instruction on service discipline to enlisted personnel. For example, the MSDF introduced the Command Master Chief System in April 2003, while the GSDF introduced the Master Sergeant Major System from 2006, and the ASDF introduced the Command Master System on a trial basis since April of this year.

� The Panel to Examine Comprehensive Reform in the Personnel Field of the Defense Force was established in September 2006 with the Defense Agency Chief then as the chairman. They created reports on recruitment, items during one’s tenure, measures taken for backup and after one’s retirement, and on other items.

� In addition, the Panel to Implement Measures for the Comprehensive Reform in the Personnel Field of the Defense Force was established last August with the Senior Vice-Minister of Defense as the chairman. They have steadily implemented the content of their report.

Discussions onReform of thePublic ServantSystem

Efforts for GenderEquality

Promotion ofMeasures toSupport theDevelopment ofthe Next Generation

Approaches toMental Health

The ComprehensiveReform in thePersonnel Field

Active Utilization ofWarrant Officers andEnlisted Personnel

Reform of the Public ServantSystem (Approved in theCabinet meeting on April 24,2007)

Gender-Equal Society Law(1999)1

Law for Measures to Supportthe Development of the NextGeneration (2003)2

Fig. III-4-1-4 Main Measures on Personnel Matters

Notes: 1. See http://www.gender.go.jp/9906kihonhou.html 2. See http://mhlw.go.jp/general/seido/koyou/jisedai/suisin.htmlRemark: As for the reference to the measures taken before the transition to the Ministry of Defense, the former name, “the Defense Agency,” is used.

� Testing aimed to provide guidance on the basis of individual aptitudes

� Provide transferable technical skills for use after retirement (e.g. heavy-duty/special-purpose vehicle operation, information processing skills, crane operation, vehicle maintenance, boiler operation, handling dangerous materials)

� Grant heavy-duty vehicle license

� Provide technical knowledge on disaster prevention administration and the Civil Protection Plan

� Provide capabilities to obtain official certification (e.g. social insurance officer, health manager, real estate business manager) to SDF Regular Personnel that will take mandatory retirement

� Enlighten SDF Regular Personnel that will take mandatory retirement so that they foster social adaptability. Also provide know-how to lead a stable life after retirement or reemployment

� Prepare near-retiree SDF Regular Personnel to find new employment and provide them with know-how to choose new occupation

Item

Occupational aptitude testing

Technical training

Driver training

Disaster prevention andrisk control training

Correspondence courses

Business management training

Career guidance

Description

Fig. III-4-1-5 Main Measures for Reemployment Support

Item Administrative officialsand others SDF regular personnel

Basicapproach

Job conditions

Period ofreappointment

Salary andallowance

Maximumage for

reappointment

� Present mandatory retirement age to remain in place; personnel in their early 60’s who have the ability and motivation to work in the public service to be reappointed

� While maintaining present mandatory retirement age, personnel with the motivation and ability to work as SDF regular personnel beyond the mandatory retirement age remains to be appointed to a position determined by the Minister of Defense

� One year, with renewal allowed

� 65 (Maximum age was 61 between FY 2001 to FY 2003. Subsequently, the age has been increased incrementally by one year, every three years)

� Fixed monthly salary is provided based on job level and rank. Allowances, such as a commuting allowance, are provided

� Renewal is allowed within one year (term for personnel under 60 is intended to be within three years). Extension is allowed

� Extension is allowed for a certain period of time (between six months to a year) in the case of mobilization

� Full-time� Shorter-time service

� Limited to full-time service

Fig. III-4-1-6 Overview of Reappointment System

Actual operationenvironment

Simulatedenvironment

Attacker with malicious motives

Internet

Firewall Defense by DIIInformation

systems (Route of attack)

Reflected oncountermeasures againstcyber attacks and othermeans

Conditions of cyberattacks are reflected

Simulatedenvironment

Simulated environment

Analytical equipment for protection against cyber attacks

Judgment of t threat level, effect level, and measure prioritization based on accumulated data from actual attacks; establishment of countermeasures; enhancement in defense capability by accumulated data from simulated attacks

Fig. III-4-1-7 Enhancement of System to Cope with Cyber Attacks and Evaluation Function

Fig. III-4-2-1 Situation of SDF Facilities (land plots)

(as of Jan. 1, 2008)

Region-by-region

distribution

Distributionbased onpurposes

of use

0 20 40 60 80 100(%)

Hokkaido region 42%About 457 km²

Airfields 7% About 80 km²

Barracks 5% About 54 km²

Others 13% About 141 km²

Chubu region 16%About 178 km²

Tohoku region 14% About 147 km²

Kyushu region 12% About 135 km²

Kanto region 5% About 57 km²

Other regions 10% About 103 km²

Maneuver Areas 75% About 810 km²

Total About 1,084 km²

Note: These numbers have been rounded off, thus might not exactly equal the total.

Fig. III-4-2-2 Situation of Facilities of U.S. Forces in Japan (exclusively used facilities)

(as of Jan. 1, 2008)

Region-by-region

distribution

Distributionbased onpurposes

of use

0 20 40 60 80 100(%)

Okinawa Prefecture 74% About 229 km²

Airfields 19% About 59 km²

Warehouses 13% About 40 km²

Others 14% About 44 km²

Kanto region 12% About 36 km²

Tohoku region 8% About 24 km²

Other regions 7% About 20 km²

Maneuver areas 54% About 166 km²

Total About 309 km²

Purpose Measures Description of Measures

Subsidies to finance sound insulation work

Compensation for relocations

Improvement of green zones

Subsidies to finance trouble-prevention work

Subsidies to build facilities meant to stabilize people’s livelihood

Provision of grant aimed at improving areas surrounded by designated defense facilities

Prevention of Noise Problems

Prevention of Problems Other Than Noise

Reduction of Troubles Related to Life and Business

Reduction of Effects on Surrounding Areas

� Educational facilities such as elementary schools, junior high schools and kindergartens; medical facilities like hospitals and clinics; and welfare facilities such as nursery centers, day-service centers for the elderly and special nursing homes for the elderly

� Housing

� Compensation for relocating buildings� Land procurement� Improvement of public facilities such as

roads, water-supply systems and sewage facilities in land where housing is to be relocated

� Tree planting, upgrading of grass fields

� River improvement projects, improvement of irrigation and drainage canals, dams, reservoirs, pumping stations, roads, sewage facilities and facilities for jointly receiving TV broadcasting services

� Educational facilities� Garbage and human waste treatment plants,

fire-fighting facilities, parks, roads, green zones, community halls, libraries, welfare centers for the elderly and nursing homes for the elderly

� Agricultural facilities� Fishery facilities

� Improvement of public facilities like traffic facilities, recreation centers and welfare facilities

Fig. III-4-2-3 Measures to Ensure Harmony between Defense Facilities and Surrounding Communities

(¥100 million)

Fig. III-4-2-4 FY 2008 Costs to Finance Counter-Measures in Areas near Bases (Based on Expenditures)

Othe

r pro

ject

s

Gran

ts to

impr

ove

surr

ound

ing

area

s

Road

impr

ovem

ent p

roje

cts

Subs

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ife

Mea

sure

s re

late

d to

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catio

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Soun

d-in

sula

tion

proj

ects

Proj

ects

to p

reve

nt p

robl

ems0

100

200

300

400

600

500Measures in Okinawa

Measures in other parts of Japan

(¥100 million)

Fig. III-4-2-5 FY 2008 SACO-related Spending (Measures to Expedite Implementation of SACO Projects) (Based on Expenditures)

0

5

10

15

20

25

Note: Other projects are those meant to improve green zones.

Measures in Okinawa

Measures in other parts of Japan

Othe

r pro

ject

s

Gran

ts to

impr

ove

surr

ound

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s

Road

impr

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Mea

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