Fig. 9.3

Investigating MatterInvestigating Matter

Chapter 11

Metals

• good conductors of heat and electricity

• shiny, ductile, malleable

• all solids with one exception

Nonmetals

• poor conductors

• dull appearance, brittle

• consist of solids, liquids, and gases

Physical Properties of the ElementsPhysical Properties of the Elements

Chemical Definitions

Metal – an element whose atoms tend to lose

electrons in a chemical reaction

Na → Na+ + e-

Ca → Ca2+ + 2e-

Nonmetal – an element whose atoms tend to gainelectrons in a chemical reaction

Cl + e- → Cl-

S + 2e- → S2-

Fig 11.24

Size of Atoms

Period

Group

Alkali M

etal

Noble G

as

Halogen

Alkali E

arth Metal

Fig 11.25

Transition metals

Chalcogens

Inner transition metals

Molecule - two or more atoms in a definite arrangement held together by chemical bonds

• Form from nonmetals

H2 H2O NH3 CH4

Molecules do not contain metals!!

Ionic compounds consist of a combination of positive and negative ions

• Form from metals and nonmetals

The ionic compound NaCl

No molecules in an ionic compound!!No molecules in an ionic compound!!

Reaction of Sodium Metal with Chlorine GasReaction of Sodium Metal with Chlorine Gas

Chlorine (Cl2)

Reaction of Sodium Metal with Chlorine GasReaction of Sodium Metal with Chlorine Gas

2Na + Cl2 → 2 NaCl

Fig. 9.7Sodium Chloride Crystals