Stage 5: Conclusions and

Evaluation

ConclusionsAnswer each sub-question referring to your data analysis section for supporting evidence:

1. Is there a significant difference in the environmental quality between the inner and outer wards of Birmingham?

The Environment of Quinton (outer ward) is significantly better than that in Ladywood (inner ward). This conclusion is based on the evidence from a total of 96 Environmental Quality Assessments. The data was analysed using measurements of central tendency, I.Q.R. comparisons and a Mann Whitney U Test, which showed that with greater than 99.9% confidence, a significant difference existed between the two data sets.

2. Is there a significant difference in the socio-economic profile of the population between the inner and outer wards of Birmingham?

The socio-economic profile of Quinton is significantly more affluent/wealthy than that of Ladywood.

This conclusion is based on the comparison of 12 indicators of wealth and deprivation for two Lower Layer Super Output areas in Quinton and Ladywood. The data, obtained from the 2011 Census, showed that in all indicators of wealth/affluence, such as % private tenure and % employment level, Quinton consistently had higher values. In contrast for the deprivation indicators such as % unemployed and % with no qualifications, Ladywood consistently had higher values.

3. Is there a significant difference in the levels of crime between the inner and outer wards of Birmingham?

The levels of reported crime in Ladywood are significantly higher than in Quinton

This conclusion is based on the total number of reported crimes, for each month in 2014, that occurred in a 1 mile radius from the centre of the wards in both Quinton and Ladywood. The data was analysed using measurements of central tendency, I.Q.R. comparisons and a Mann Whitney U Test, which showed that with greater than 99.9% confidence, a significant difference existed between the two data sets.

EvaluationFor each sub question you need to identify positive factors that validate your conclusion and negative factors that may invalidate your conclusion. To help you with this think back to the data that each conclusion was based upon. One factor has been

completed for you

Sub- question Reasons why the conclusion is valid

Reasons why the conclusion is invalid

1. Environmental Quality

Based on a large sample of data with 48 separate Environmental Quality Scores for both Quinton and Ladywood

2. Socio-economic Profile

3. Level of crime

Suggest how the investigation could be developed or extended with further research?

Improvements and extension

Collect environmental quality perception data from people from a greater variety of socio-economic backgrounds to give a more representative set of scores

Analyse the reported crime data in more depth by categorising and scoring crime by severity. For example ‘anti-social behaviour’ could score a low value whilst ‘violent and sexual offences’ would score higher

Extend to investigation to other Inner and Outer wards of Birmingham for different directions, not just the south west. This would determine if the conclusions reached are applicable to the whole of Birmingham?

Past Exam Questions – you will be attempting these after Easter

May 2013Describe and explain how you planned your investigation into a changing human environment. [10]You should state clearly the question that you have investigated.

Jan 2013Outline the methods of data collection used in your investigation into a changing human environment. [10] You should state clearly the question that you have investigated.

May 2011(c) Evaluate methods used to present information in your investigation into a changing human environment. [10] [10]You should state clearly the question that you have investigated.

Jan 2011(c) Outline the main conclusions of your own investigation into a changing human environment. [10] [10]You should state clearly the question that you have investigated.

May 2012(c) Outline limitations in your investigation into a changing human environment and suggest ways of overcoming them. [10] [10]You should state clearly the question that you have investigated.

Evaluate the methods used to describe, analyse and interpret data in an investigation into a changing human environment that you have completed. [10] You should clearly state the question you have investigated.

Note: The following question hasn’t been asked yet. It has for the physical investigation though!