field sampling plan - records collections · field personnel to perform the planne field workd a....

Sraperfnamdl Records Coiteir

EPA Contract No. 68-W9-0036

EPA Work Assignment No. 04-1LA4

EPA Project Officer: Nancy Barmakian

EPA Remedial Project Manager: Roger Duwart

FIELD SAMPLING PLAN

for Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study

Activities

Holton Circle Site

Londonderry, New Hampshire

OCTOBER 1990

Prepared by:

METCALF & EDDY, INC.

M&E Project Manager: Nicholas D'Agostino

kVHE

Metcalf&Eddy

FIELD SAMPLING PLAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES

1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 SITE LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION

2.2 SITE BACKGROUND

2.3 SAMPLING SCHEDULE

3.0 SAMPLING OBJECTIVES

4.0 SAMPLING LOCATION AND FREQUENCY

4.1 SAMPLING LOCATIONS

4.2 SAMPLING FREQUENCY

4.2.1 Unconsolidated Materials Sampling

4.2.2 Test Pit Sampling

4.2.3 Groundwater Sampling

4.2.4 Surface Water and Sediment Sampling

5.0 RECONNAISSANCE

5.1 WETLANDS RECONNAISSANCE

5.2 GEOLOGICAL RECONNAISSANCE

6.0 SURFACE GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY

6.1 TOWN GARAGE

6.2 DELINEATION OF FRACTURE ZONES

7.0 PIEZOMETER, UNCONSOLIDATED MATERIALS BORINGS AND

MONITORING WELL INSTALLATION

7.1 INTRODUCTION

7.2 PIEZOMETERS

7.3 UNCONSOLIDATED MATERIAL BORINGS

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

Section Page

7.4 TEST PITS 7-4

7.5 OVERBURDEN MONITORING WELLS INSTALLATION 7-4

7.6 BEDROCK MONITORING WELL INSTALLATION 7-7

7.7 MONITORING WELL DEVELOPMENT 7-10

7.8 SOIL CLEANUP 7-11

7.9 SURVEYING 7-11

8.0 SAMPLING PROCEDURES 8-1

8.1 UNCONSOLIDATED MATERIALS SAMPLING METHODS 8-1

8.1.1 Surface Unconsolidated Materials Sampling 8-1

8.1.2 Sediment Sampling 8-2

8.1.3 Borehole Unconsolidated Materials Sampling 8-3

8.1.4 Test Pit Sampling 8-5

8.2 WATER SAMPLING METHODS 8-7

8.2.1 Groundwater Monitoring Well Sampling 8-7

8.2.2 Waterloo Multilevel Well Sampling 8-12

8.2.3 Surface Water Sampling 8-15

8.3 QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLES 8-17

8.3.1 Trip Blanks 8-17

8.3.2 Equipment Blanks 8-17

8.3.3 Field Duplicates 8-18

9.0 HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS 9-1

9.1 SLUG TESTS 9-1

9.2 SURFACE WATER MEASUREMENTS 9-1

10.0 DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES 10-1

10.1 EQUIPMENT 10-1

10.1.1 Non-Sampling Field Equipment 10-1

10.1.2 Sampling Equipment 10-2

10.1.3 Ice Chests and Shipping Containers 10-6

10.1.4 Vehicles 10-6

i i

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

Section Page

10.2 QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURES 10-7

10.3 DOCUMENTATION 10-8

11.0 SAMPLE HANDLING FOR ANALYSIS 11-1

11.1 SAMPLE PRESERVATION 11-1

11.2 SAMPLE CUSTODY 11-1

11.2.1 Chain of Custody 11-4

11.2.2 Sample Packaging and Shipping 11-12

11.3 DOCUMENTATION 11-14

11.3.1 Sample Designation/Identification 11-16

11.3.2 Corrections to Documentation 11-16

11.3.3 Photographs 11-17

11.3.4 Records 11-17

12.0 DISPOSAL OF STUDY-DERIVED WASTES 12-1

12.1 SOLID WASTE 12-1

12.1.1 Soil Cuttings 12-1

12.1.2 Personnel Protection Equipment 12-1

12.2 LIQUID WASTE 12-1

12.2.1 Decontamination Water 12-1

12.2.2 Well Development Purge Water 12-2

13.0 FIELD TEST EQUIPMENT 13-1

13.1 CALIBRATION 13-1

13.1.1 Photoionization Detector 13-1

13.1.2 pH Meter 13-4

13.1.3 Conductivity Meter 13-5

13.2 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE 13-8

13.2.1 Instrument Calibration and Maintenance 13-8

13.2.2 Instrument Maintenance Logbooks 13-8

14.0 REFERENCES 14-1

APPENDICES

A-1 APPENDIX A: METCALF & EDDY SOP SECTION 6.0, SUBSURFACE

INVESTIGATIONS

i i i

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

2-1 Location Map 2-2

Construction

2-2 Site Map 2-3

2-3 Field Investigation Schedule - Phase I I 2-5

4-1 Proposed Sampling Locations 4-2

6-1 Proposed Locations of Magnetomer, EM & GPR Surveys 6-2

6-2 Proposed Locations of Seismic Refraction and VLF

Surveys 6-6

7- 1 Geologic Log 7-3

7-2 Schematic Diagram of Peizometer/Monitoring Well 7-5

7-3 Monitoring Well Completion Log 7-8

7- 4 Topographic Base Map 7-12

8- 1 Test Pit Log Forms 8-6

8-2 Well Sampling Worksheet 8-11

11-1 EPA CLP Sample Label 11-6

11-2 Sample Tag and Custody Seal 11-8

11-3 Chain of Custody Form 11-9

11-4 RAS Traffic Report 11-10

11-5 SAS Packing List 11-11

11-6 Example Federal Express A i r b i l l 11-13

11-7 Field Logbook I n i t i a l Field Information 11-20

11-8 Field Logbook Groundwater Monitoring Well Sampling

Data 11-21

11-9 Field Logbook Surface Water Sampling Data 11-22

11-10 Field Logbook Soil/Sediment Sampling Data 11-23

iv

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

4-1 Proposed Monitoring Well Information 4-3

4-2 Summary of Soil Sampling Activities 4-5

4-3 Summary of Sampling Activities 4-6

10- 1 Typical Materials Required for Equipment

Decontamination 10-3

11- 1 Sampling Parameter, Containers and Preservation 11-2

11-2 Field/Sampling Team Documentation Objectives to

Ensure Valid Data Collection 11-15

13-1 Preventive Maintenance Requirements of Field

Equipment 13-7

v

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This Field Sampling Plan (FSP) is the part of the Sampling and Analysis Plan

(SAP) that provides guidance for f i e l d work. I t defines the sampling and data

acquisition protocols to be used in the Phase I I Field Investigations at the

Holton Circle Site, Londonderry, New Hampshire. The FSP shall be used by

f i e l d personnel to perform the planned f i e l d work. A copy of the FSP w i l l be

made available to each member of the f i e l d team. Collection of environmental

samples and other data from the five sites of concern and subsequent analysis

are necessary to determine the nature and extent of any contamination at the

Holton Circle Site.

The purpose of this plan is to assure that the acquisition and analysis of

samples is performed in the highest quality manner and that the results w i l l

be defensible in a court of law. For this reason, f i e l d testing and sampling

shall be performed according to accepted and approved protocols defined by

this document. Any deviation from this plan must receive the approval of the

EPA project manager.

1-1

2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 SITE LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION

Holton Circle is a residential development of approximately 25 homes located

north of Pillsbury Road in Londonderry, New Hampshire (see Figures 2-1 and

2-2). Isabella Drive, a new 22-lot subdivision, has been extended from the

northwestern corner of Holton Circle as shown in Figure 2-2. .Both Holton

Circle and Isabella Drive are situated on a topographic high, bounded on the

north, the east and the west by wetlands.

2.2 SITE BACKGROUND

Eight Holton Circle residential wells and the town garage bedrock well located

nearby have been determined to be contaminated with several volatile organic

compounds. Previous investigations have included f i l e reviews, interviews,

fracture trace analyses, water and soil sampling, and geophysical surveys. No

contamination source has been found to date, although several sources of

possible contamination have been identified. The Londonderry town garage is

located off of West Range Road, southwest of the wetlands. The town garage is

currently used for vehicle maintenance and road salt storage. I t was

previously used by the military during the 1940's and more recently as a

temporary municipal solid waste transfer station for a period of at least

six months after closure of the Auburn Road Landfill. Beyond the wetlands to

the east is a natural gas pipeline, the Londonderry high school, f i r e station

and town offices. Paul Hick's Auto Repair Shop and residential homes are

located south of the Holton Circle area along Pillsbury Road.

There is some indication that the town garage area may be a source of

contamination due the previous history of this area as a military dump

(CT Male). Maintenance for the radio becon tower, located west of the town

garage may have resulted in contamination due to the use of wash rocks for

cleaning equipment.

2-1

FIGURE 2-1. LOCATION MAP, HOLTON CIRCLE, LONDONDERRY, NEW HAMPSHIRE

LOCATION MAP, HOLTON CIRCLE, LONDONDERRY, NEW HAMPSHIRE

2-2

WETLANDS 52-15 52-17

52-13

52-11 (15)

(17) ( 1 9 ) / 52-19

.(21)

(10) J '(14) 52-21

^3L 52-7

52-9 (11),

(7)

/(6) .52-6

52-10 '52-14 (16'

'52-1

,(23)

52-23 ^ (25)

(18) ' 52-16 /(27) 52-25

A. AL

52-5 (5)

14-21

14-19 I(30)1

1 4 " 1 8

(28) AL

14-23 \P2LJ£ UJ .14-25

14-26 VS5 , fl O I

ALSO 38 HOLTON CIRCLE

SOURCE: ADAPTED FROM TOWN OF LONDONDERRY, NH PROPERTY TAX MAP

SCALE IN FEET

FIGURE 2-2. SITE MAP, HOLTON CIRCLE, LONDONDERRY, NEW HAMPSHIRE

M E T C A L F

2.3 SAMPLING SCHEDULE

The Phase I sampling of the water supply wells for the individual Holton

Circle residents and the two town garage wells were conducted the f i r s t week

in March 1990 by the New Hampshire Department of Environmental

Services (NHDES). Samples collected during the last in April 1990 were s p l i t

between Metcalf & Eddy (M&E) and the NHDES and submitted for comparative

analyses. The last sampling episode was conducted in June 1990 by the NHDES.

A work schedule for the Phase I I site characterization is shown in Figure 2-3.

2-4

DESCRIPTION JULY

HOLTON CIRCLE RI/FS Field Investigation - Phase II

U.S. EPA ARCS 09-11-90

1990 AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER

Sampling Location Survey

Wetlands Reconnaissance

Surface Geophysics

Well Installation

Borings

Well Development

Test Pits

Downhole Geophysical Logging

Solinst Installation

Residential Well Sampling

Environmental Sampling Water

Environmental Sampling Soil (Borings & Surface Soil)

Slug Testing

Final Sampling Location Survey

FIGURE 2-3. Field Investigation Schedule-Phase II

3.0 SAMPLING OBJECTIVES

The objectives for the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) work

assignment are to investigate the extent of groundwater contamination at the

Holton Circle site and attempt to identify a source of the contamination.

The f i e l d work has been divided into two phases. Phase I was the sampling of

the existing residential wells to ascertain the present degree of

contamination in preparation for installing groundwater monitoring wells in

the Holton Circle area during the remedial investigation phase of the

project. This sampling was completed in April 1990.

The i n i t i a l site characterization (Phase I I f i e l d investigation) is intended

to provide sufficient information to establish subsurface conditions, to

characterize the hydrogeologic setting of the site, and to allow for the

preliminary identification of potentially feasible remedial alternatives. The

study w i l l focus on the area surrounding the town garage, west of the Holton

Circle residences. To accomplish this objective the following f i e l d

a ctivities w i l l be conducted:

• Wetlands Reconnaissance

• Surface Geophysical Surveys

Monitoring Well Installation

• Downhole Geophysical Logging

• Environmental Sampling

• Hydrogeologic Investigations

• Site Survey/Mapping

3-1

4.0 SAMPLING LOCATION AND FREQUENCY

4.1 SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Fourteen (14) monitoring well locations have been tentatively chosen. Seven

(7) of these are overburden wells and seven (7) are bedrock wells. Three (3)

of the bedrock wells w i l l be multi-level wells using the Solinst Waterloo

Multilevel System. Proposed groundwater monitoring wells and surface water

monitoring points are shown in Figure 4-1 and proposed monitoring well details

are provided in Table 4-1. The fi n a l determination of monitoring well

locations w i l l be made on the basis of the surface geophysical surveys and the

water quality of existing residential wells. The locations of the proposed

bedrock monitoring wells w i l l be selected on the basis of the two fracture

trace analysis reports and the suspected contaminant migration directions.

Monitoring well pairs w i l l be installed in the su r f i c i a l and bedrock aquifers

near the radio tower, downgradient of the town garage and in the wetland

area. The locations of a l l proposed monitoring wells are shown in Figure 4-1.

Three wells located between Holton Circle and the Town Garage w i l l be screened

in preferential fracture zones using Solinst Waterloo Multilevel Systems.

Borehole geophysical logging w i l l be conducted by the USGS in these three

bedrock boreholes to determine the presence and location of transmissive

bedrock fracture zones.

The direction of groundwater flow in the surficial and bedrock aquifers w i l l

be determined by measuring water level elevations. Piezometers w i l l be

installed in four locations surrounding the town garage to aid in this

determination. Slug tests w i l l be conducted in the overburden wells to

determine the hydraulic conductivity of the surfi c i a l aquifer.

Surface water elevations in the wetland area w i l l be measured to compare with

groundwater elevation measurements in the surfi c i a l and bedrock aquifers.

This comparison w i l l determine i f groundwater in the v i c i n i t y of Holton Circle

is discharging into the wetlands. Seasonal measurements of groundwater and

4-1

_ • LEGEND Note: Ovatoufden Monitoring Wei Location Wll be star Oata; Bed * ^ S K K ^ S ^ s ! ̂ ' ^ Soil Boring/Test Pit Area © Monitoring Well Pair Location

• Piezometer Location • Surficial/Shallow Soil Sampling Location SCALE IN FEET

FIGURE 4-1. PROPOSED SAMPLING LOCATIONS, HOLTON CIRCLE SITE, LONDONDERRY, NH

TABLE 4-1. PROPOSED MONITORING WELL INFORMATION

Well Projected Siting

Number Formation Depth ( f t ) Rationale

MW-1S, 2S Overburden 35 Monitor groundwater quality in the

s u r f i c i a l aquifer in the western

part of the town garage in the

Radio Beacon area.

MW-1D, 2D Bedrock 185 Monitor groundwater quality in the

bedrock aquifer on the western part

of the town garage in Radio Beacon

area.

MW-3S, 4S, 5S Overburden 35 Monitor groundwater quality in

s u r f i c i a l aquifer in the eastern

part of the town garage in the

Military Dump area.

MW-3D, 4D , 5D Bedrock 185 Monitor groundwater quality in the

bedrock aquifer in the eastern part

of the town garage, in the Military

Dump area. MW-4D to have downhole

geophysical logging and Solinst

Waterloo multi-level well system

installed.

MW-6S, 7S Overburden 35 Monitor groundwater quality between

the town garage and Holton Circle.

MW-6D*, 7D* Bedrock 185,385 Monitor groundwater quality in the

bedrock aquifer between town garage

and Holton Circle. MW-6D and 7D to

have multi-level wells using the

Solinst Waterloo System.

* These wells w i l l be installed as multi-level wells.

surface water elevation may indicate a migration potential that exists during

periods of low water levels.

4.2 SAMPLING FREQUENCY

I t is estimated that up toa total of 684 bottles w i l l be used for sampling

and analyses which include t r i p blanks, matrix spikes and duplicates, and

4-3

equipment blanks. Samples w i l l be analyzed for CLP volatiles, CLP metals, and

CLP semivolatiles, as well as other parameters listed in Tables 4-2 and 4-3.

Complete l i s t s of the CLP parameters are presented in the QAPP.

4.2.1 Unconsolidated Materials Sampling

Samples of unconsolidated materials w i l l be collected during the overburden

monitoring well installations. Samples w i l l be collected at the surface and

at five foot intervals to the top of bedrock (anticipated to be a maximum

depth of 30-35 feet). Mine borings w i l l be dr i l l e d in f i l l areas as

identified by the geophysical surveys to identify residual concentrations of

chemicals in the overburden soils. Continuous s p l i t spoon samples w i l l be

obtained. Soil boring depths are anticipated to range from 15 to 20 feet.

The borings w i l l be dr i l l e d according to specifications in M&E SOP Section 6.0

as included in Appendix A.

A maximum of three unconsolidated material samples w i l l be selected for

laboratory analysis from each borehole and four samples from each borehole to

be developed into an overburden well. Samples for chemical analysis w i l l be

selected on the basis of results of screening with a PID. Samples w i l l most

l ikely be collected at the top of the water table and near the top of the

bedrock.

Sampling of unconsolidated f i l l materials w i l l follow the soil sampling

protocol described in Section 8.1. Samples w i l l be analyzed according to the

parameters and methods shown in Table 4-2.


Test p i t samples w i l l be collected at a frequency of two samples per test p i t

for each test p i t dug in the area of each of the ten anomalies detected in the

Holton Circle area. Test p i t sampling protocol is described in Section 8.1.

Test p i t samples w i l l be selected based on the results of screening with a PID

and w i l l be analyzed according to the parameters and methods shown in

Table 4-2. Contingency exists for the collection of an additional 10 samples

4-4

' TAiJUftl -2p!luMMl!IP (

Analytical Boring Sediment Test Pit Trip Equipment Total Parameter Method*1} v 3 n 0Samples^'^' Sampl es > Samples^1 3' Blanks Blanks Duplicates Soil Water

TCL Volatile Organics (VOCs) CLP RAS 59 8 10 14 8 8 85 22

TCL Metals CLP RAS 59 8 10 8 8 85 8

TCL Semivolatile CLP RAS Organics (sVOCs) 59 10 85 8

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons CLP SAS 59 8 10 85

TCL CLP RAS Pesticides/PCBs 8

TCL - Target Compound List

(1) EPA-CLP METHODS FOR RAS

Organics: USEPA Contract Laboratory Program, Statement of Work for Organics Analysis, Multi-Media/Multi-

Concentration, February 1988.

Inorganics: USEPA Contract Laboratory Program, Statement of Work for Inorganics Analysis, Multi-Media/Multi-

Concentration, July 1988.

EPA-CLP METHODS FOR SAS

See SAS Request in Appendices

(2) Up to 4 samples for each of the seven overburden monitoring wells and up to 3 samples for each of nine borings (with an

additional 1 sample collected at a depth of 6 to 24 inches for the four borings included in area 5) w i l l be obtained.

Professional judgment w i l l be used in selecting the samples to be submitted for analysis. Samples w i l l be selected

based upon the concentration of volatile organics as measured with the PID. In the absence of volatile organics, the

samples w i l l be selected based on color and visual observation of discoloration (staining) of the s o i l . I f deemed

appropriate from the screening, two of the samples to be submitted for each well/boring w i l l be collected from the

bedrock and from the area just above the water table.

(3) Sediment samples to be taken at depths of 6 inches and 2 feet at wetlands areas between the town garage and Holton

Circle.

(4) Test p i t samples w i l l be collected at a frequency of 2 samples per test with one test p i t in the area of each of the ten

anomalies. Contingency exists for the collection of an additional 10 samples based upon f i e l d screening. Ten samples

w i l l be selected for analysis.

(5) Samples must contain greater than 30% solids for the sample data to be considered usable.

TABLE 4-3. SifiMART OF HATCH SAH-LIMG ACTIVITIES AT HOLTOM CIRCLE. LOMDOHDEBRI. NEW HAMPSHIRE

T o t a l per A n a l y t i c a l Groundwater Su r face Water T r i p Equipment

(3) Sample a ( 3 ) Blanks Blanks D u p l i c a t e s Sampling Round

f t t hod (1) Samples (2)

LABORATORY ANALYSES:

TCL V o l a t i l e O rgan i cs (VOCs) CLP RAS

20 36

TCL M s t a l s , U h f l l t e r e dF i l t e r e d

CLP RAS 20 20

2 0

3 2

3 2

28 24

TCL S e m i v o l a t i l e CLP RAS 20 28

Organ ics (aVOCs)

B i c a r b o n a t e 2320-8 20 21

Ch lo r i de 325 .3 20 2 28

N i t r a t e / N i t r i t e 353.3 20 2 28

S u l f a t e 3 7 5 . 1 20 2 28

Or thophosphate 3 65.1 20 2 28

FIELD ANALYSES:

Temperature E170.1 20 2 21

PH E150.1 20 2 21

C o n d u c t i v i t y E1 20.1 20 21

TCL T a r g e t Compound L i s t

0 ) H 0 D U S EF^ n L i c 3 r p

0 A R C o n S t r a c t L a b o r a t o r y Program, S ta tement o f Work f o r O r gan i c s A n a l y s i s . M u l t i - M e d i a / H u l t i

i n o r g a n i c s : S ^ ' t S ^ r i ' J ! ^ - . S ta tement o f Work f o r I n o r g a n i c s A n a l y s i s . M u l t i - M e d i a / M u l t i -

C o n c e n t r a t i o n , J u l y 1988.

Methods " " " c h e m i c a l A n a l y s i s o f Water and Wastes, EPA 6 0 0 / 1 - 7 9 - 0 2 0 , March 1983.

2^20 B METHODS

Standard Methods f o r t h e Exam ina t i on o f Water and Wastewater , 17 th E d i t i o n , 1989.

(2) Groundwater Samples - Three samples each t o be o b t a i n e d f rom bedrock v e i l s MW-1D, 6D and 7D. S i n g l e samples t o be o b t a i n e d f rom MW-1 D, 2D, 3D, 5D. S ing le samples t o be o b t a i n e d f rom ove rbu rden w e l l s MW-1S t h r o u g h 7S.

(3) A t o t a l o f two samp l i ng rounds a r e p roposed . Tne second round i s p roposed f o r June 1991.

4-6

based on the f i e l d screening. Ten test p i t samples w i l l be selected for

analysis.

4.2.3 Groundwater Sampling

Groundwater samples w i l l be collected from each of the monitoring wells

installed in the Holton Circle area. I t is anticipated that two water samples

w i l l be collected from each of the 3 multi-level wells, although as many as

five may be taken from each. Groundwater sampling protocol is described in

Section 8.2.1. Groundwater samples w i l l be analyzed according to the

parameters and methods listed in Table 4-3.

4.2.4 Surface Water and Sediment Sampling

Two surface water and eight sediment samples (4 locations at depths of

6 inches and 2 feet) w i l l be collected and analyzed according to the

parameters and methods listed in Tables 4-2 and 4-3.

The two surface water samples and two of the sediment samples w i l l be taken at

the surface water elevation monitoring points (shown in Figure 4-1) as well as

two additional locations selected during the wetlands reconnaissance.

Protocols for the sediment and surface water sampling methods are discussed in

Sections 8.1.2 and 8.2.2 respectively.

4-7

5.0 RECONNAISSANCE

5.1 WETLANDS RECONNAISSANCE

The wetlands area in the vicinity of the Holton Circle subdivision w i l l be

investigated as a potential i l l e g a l disposal area. This investigation w i l l

include the examination of available aerial photographs including those taken

in conjunction with topographic maps drawn for this study. The wetlands

reconnaissance w i l l also include a thorough walk-through of the wetland

area. Signs of dumping, stressed vegetation, stained soils and disturbed

areas w i l l a l l be noted. Two sediment sampling locations w i l l be selected

based upon the best judgement of probable contamination.

5.2 GEOLOGICAL RECONNAISSANCE

Bedrock outcrops in the site vicinity w i l l be examined and described by an M&E

geologist. One outcrop is known to exist in the Holton Circle subdivision;

any others discovered during the process of staking surface geophysical

surveys or during the wetlands reconnaissance w i l l also be examined. A l l

available geological literature and maps of the site v i c i n i t y w i l l be

reviewed.

A fresh surface of the bedrock w i l l be observed and the lithology described.

The strike and dip of any geologic structures such as joi n t surfaces bedding

planes, cleavage planes and schistosity w i l l be measured and recorded in a

f i e l d notebook. All observations w i l l be reported in the Rl report

appendices.

5-1

6.0 SURFACE GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS

6.1 TOWN GARAGE

Surface geophysical surveys w i l l be conducted in the vi c i n i t y of the Town

Garage in order to determine the existence of buried drums and a possible

chloride plume suspected to be migrating away from the Town Garage in a

northeast direction. Metcalf 4 Eddy w i l l subcontract this work to Weston

Geophysical.

A combination of three surface geophysical methods w i l l be used to investigate

the Town Garage area. Magnetometer surveys w i l l be conducted to locate buried

drums. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electromagnetic (EM) methods w i l l

be used to verify magnetometer data. EM w i l l also be used to detect the

suspected chloride.

Surface geophysical surveys w i l l be conducted in the five areas which are

delineated in Figure 6-1. The areas were designated primarily based on

information from CT Male Associates (1986) which included a sketch map from a

site v i s i t conducted in September, 1986. Each area is described below as well

as:

Area 1 - Former Salt Pile Location

According to the CT. Male report, Area 1 is the approximate former location

of the Town Garage salt pile and has also had f i l l material added, evidenced

by an embankment along the eastern, northern and northwestern edges of the

Town Garage compound.

Area 2 - Military Dump Area

According to the CT. Male report, Area 2 is reportedly a former military dump

site located at the northern corner of the Town Garage property.

6-1

Areas 1 and 2: Magnetometer and GPR Area 4: GPR and EM 400 n 400

Area 3: Magnetometer and EM Area 5: EM Only t f i S S ^ S I j ^ ^ ^ , ̂

FIGURE 6-1. PROPOSED LOCATIONS OF MAGNETOMETER, EM AND GPR SURVEYS

HOLTON CIRCLE SITE, LONDONDERRY, NH

A magnetometer survey w i l l be conducted in Areas 1 & 2 to determine the

existence of buried drums in the f i l l material. Magnetometer data w i l l be

verified by conducting a GPR survey which w i l l investigate any magnetic

anomalies detected EM was not selected as an appropriate geophysical method in

Areas 1 & 2 because of expected elevated levels of chlorides.

Area 3 - Former Pond Area

According to the C.T. Male report, a small depression in the woods south of

the highway garage has reportedly been f i l l e d with stones. The depression is

intermittantly f i l l e d with water. According to aerial photos of aerial photos

the area.

The former pond area w i l l be investigated using a magnetometer survey backed

up with an EM survey.

Area 4 - Former Radio Beacon Area

The site of the former radio beacon is located just inside the entrance to the

Town Garage compound. The radio beacon area contains a concrete block

building and 2 three-sided steel antennas approximately 50 feet high. This

area w i l l be investigated for buried drums using EM techniques and a GPR

survey.

Area 5 - Dead Tree Area

A line of dead trees oriented north-northeast from the Town Garage w i l l be

investigated using EM techniques. I t is suspected that a chloride plume may

have migrated in that direction.

6.2 DELINEATION OF FRACTURE ZONES

Surface geophysical surveys w i l l be conducted in the v i c i n i t y of the Holton

Circle site in an attempt to further verify the presence of suspected fracture

zones previously identified. Metcalf & Eddy w i l l subcontract this work to

6-3

Weston Geophysical. Figure 6-2 shows the proposed survey lines for

delineating fracture zones.

VeryOlow frequency (VLF) geophysical data w i l l be used to identify anomalous

zones of increased conductivity in the v i c i n i t y of the Holton Circle site.

Lineations in the anomaly pattern oriented along the strike of suspected

fracture zones w i l l provide evidence for the existence of the fractures.

VLF receivers use 15 to 25 kHz signals from military VLF radio transmitters.

The total depth of penetration of VLF methods is on the order of 150 to 180

feet, which is considerably deeper than that achieved with conventional

electromagnetic methods.

Locations of proposed seismic and VLF survey lines are shownin Figure 6-2.

All seismic and VLF lines w i l l be run perpendicular to the strike of the

primary orientation of foliation in bedrock in the areas which is

approximately N50°E. This average declination was obtained by examining

fracture trace analysis reports (BCI Geonetics, 1986; NUS, 1986; EPIC, 1989)

and by measuring the bedrock outcrop at the end of Isabella Drive.

Seismic and VLF lines 1-4 w i l l be approximately 650 feet long; lines 5 and 6

w i l l be approximately 400 feet. The total footage is approximately

3,400 feet. The spacing of lines 1-5 w i l l be 400 feet; the spacing between

lines 5 and 6 w i l l be 200 feet. I f seismic and VLF profiling reveal anomalous

features indicating bedrock valleys or fracture zones, additional shorter

lines may be run between the original lines.

Seismic refraction methods w i l l be used to predict the depth to the water

table, determine overburden thickness, identify bedrock topographic features

( i . e. top of bedrock), and verify the existence and orientation of any

significant bedrock fracture zones.

I t is expected that seismic refraction surveys w i l l verify anomalous zones

detected by the VLF survey and locate low areas in the top of bedrock surface

where dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPL) may be concentrated.

6-4

HOLTON SITE, LONDONDERRY, NH

Seismic refraction methods are based on the velocity distribution of

a r t i f i c i a l l y generated seismic waves traveling in the subsurface. Seismic

waves are refracted at interfaces between geologic layers or across

significant fracture zones.

Seismic refraction lines w i l l be run along existing and proposed VLF survey

lines. Total linear footage of proposed seismic refraction survey lines is

approximately 16,000 feet.

6-6

7.0 PIEZOMETER, UNCONSOLIDATED MATERIALS BORINGS, TEST PITS, AND MONITORING

WELL INSTALLATION

7.1 INTRODUCTION

This section describes the protocols that w i l l be followed by f i e l d personnel

during the d r i l l i n g of soil borings and the installation of piezometers and

monitoring wells at Holton Circle. Prior to any d r i l l i n g , each proposed site

w i l l be checked for underground u t i l i t i e s by M&E personnel. Public/private

u t i l i t y company representatives w i l l be contacted where appropriate.

An experienced geologist w i l l be present at each operating d r i l l r i g for the

logging of samples, monitoring of d r i l l i n g operations, recording of s o i l and

groundwater data, monitoring and recording the well installation procedures of

that r i g , and preparing the boring logs and well diagrams. Each geologist

w i l l be responsible for only one operating r i g . Each geologist w i l l have, on

site, sufficient tools and professional equipment in operable condition to

e fficiently perform his duties.

7.2 PIEZOMETERS

The town garage is located on a topographic high and recharge to the

overburden and bedrock aquifers most likely occurs at this location. Four

piezometers w i l l be installed at the Town Garage to determine the direction of

groundwater flow in the s u r f i c i a l aquifer. This information is necessary for

siting the overburden monitoring wells. Proposed piezometer locations are

shown in Figure 4-1.

The water table at the Town Garage is approximately 3-4 feet deep.

Piezometers w i l l be constructed of 2-inch ID Schedule 40 PVC and w i l l be

installed according to specifications for the installation of monitoring wells

provided in the M&E SOP Section 6.0 which is included in Appendix A.

Piezometers w i l l be installed using 10-foot screens with the top set at the

water table. Piezometer depths are anticipated to be 20-feet each. A

schematic diagram of the piezometer construction is shown in Figure 7-2.

7-1

7.3 UNCONSOLIDATED MATERIALS BORINGS

All borings w i l l be advanced to bedrock with a truck-mounted d r i l l r i g using

4 1/4 inch hollow stem augers. Samples w i l l be retrieved with a 2-inch

outside diameter (OD) 2-foot long s p l i t spoon sampler. Standard penetration

tests w i l l be conducted using ASTM 1586. The s p l i t spoon sampler w i l l be

driven 24 inches by a 140 pound weight with a 30-inch free f a l l . Samples w i l l

be obtained every five feet and a head space analysis performed on each of the

samples. I f any contamination is detected, the Remedial Project Manager (RPM)

w i l l be contacted. I f necessary, continuous sampling w i l l be performed u n t i l

signs of contamination are no longer evident. Analytical sampling of soils in

the overburden wells is discussed in Sections 4 and 8.1.

A Metcalf & Eddy geologist w i l l describe the soils using the procedure

described in ASTM D2488-84, Standard Practice for Description and

Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure). All pertinent information

observed during d r i l l i n g operations w i l l be noted in the f i e l d notebook. The

following information w i l l be noted on the geologic log (Figure 7-1).

D r i lling method, type of d r i l l i n g r i g , d r i l l e r ' s name

• Diameter of the borehole

• Sample type, depth interval sampler is driven, percent recovery

• Number of blow counts required to drive each 6-inch interval of the

s p l i t spoon sampler

• Time at which the sampler is brought to the surface

• Air monitoring instrument readings

• Start and completion times for each boring

• Depth at which water is f i r s t encountered

• Lithology (USCS) and stratigraphic descriptions, including

percentages of particle sizes

7-2

FIGURE 7-1. GEOLOGIC LOG

Metcalf S Eddv. Inc, GEOLOGIC LOG

ENSDCERS

PROJECT SHEET BORING NO.

SITE LOCATION: JOB NO. 1 OF

LOCATION: 6H0UND ELEV. TOTAL DEPTH

DRILL CONTRACTOR: ENG/SEO: BEGUN

DRILL RIG: DRILLER: FINISHED:

HOLE SIZE: HEATHER: GROUND MATER (DEPTH/ELEV.):

/

DRILLING METHOD: DRILLING FLUID/SOURCE: TOP OF ROCK (DEPTH/ELEV.):

SAMPLE STRATIGRAPHIC 61 DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION

to

IB

SAMPLE TYPES NOTES: B0RIN6 NO. SS-SPLIT SPOON. ST-SHELBY TUBE

R-ROCK CORE. O-OTHER

7-3

• Munsell color and code

• Other soil characteristics (solvent odor, discoloration, etc.)

7.4 TEST PITS

Test pits w i l l be excavated in the military dump area and other areas where

buried metal objects (drums) may be located as determined from the geophysical

investigation. Test pits w i l l be excavated in accordance with M&E SOP

Section 6.0 which is included in Appendix A. The four potential areas for

test pits are shown in Figure 4-1. Two samples each w i l l be collected from

approximately ten test pits to be dug in these areas. Contingency exists for

the collection of an additional ten samples based on the f i e l d screening. A

total of ten test p i t samples w i l l be submitted for analysis.

7.5 OVERBURDEN MONITORING WELL INSTALLATION

Monitoring wells w i l l be located as per Section 4.1 of this Field Sampling

Plan. Installation procedures are documented in Section 6.0 of the M&E SOP

which is included in Appendix A. Monitoring well construction details are

shown in Figure 7-2. A minimum auger diameter of 4-1/4 inches ID w i l l be used

to permit proper installation of the casing. The auger fli g h t s w i l l maintain

the integrity of the borehole during installation and ensure that the sand

pack is equally distributed in the annular space. The pore size of the sand

pack w i l l be greater than the screen slot size. The overburden monitoring

wells w i l l be installed to bedrock, approximately 30-35 feet below ground

surface. In order to effectively seal the monitoring wells from surface

runoff, a minimum five-foot seal w i l l be placed above the sand pack. This

seal w i l l consist of a minimum 2-foot thick bentonite pellet seal overlain by

a minimum 3-foot bentonite-cement grout mixture.

According to f i e l d screening results, the overburden monitoring wells w i l l be

screened in the most contaminated or permeable zone. In screening results

indicate no contamination, the wells w i l l be screened just above the bedrock

surface.

7-4

FIGURE 7-2. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF PIEZOMETER/MONITORING WELL CONSTRUCTION

C E M E N T F I L L E O

S T E E L G U A R O POST (ONE O F T H R E E )

H O L E DIAMETER

• INCHES

TOP O F S U R F A C E CASING

TOP OF RISER CASING

GROUNO S U R F A C E

DIA: 4" OR L A R G E R TYPE: S T E E L LOCKING

P R O T E C T O R PIPE

S U R F A C E CASING

BOTTOM OF S U R F A C E CASING

B A C K F I L L T Y P E : PORTLAND CEMENT

OIA: 2 INCH RISER CASING TYPE: SCHEDULE *0 PVC

TOP OF S E A L

ANNULAR SEAL TYPE: BENTONITE

P E L L E T S

BOTTOM OF SEAL

TOP OF SCREEN

F I L T E R MATERIAL T Y P E : C L E A N OTTAWA

SANO ( IF N E C E S S A R Y )

S C R E E N DIA: 2 INCH T Y P E : S C H E D U L E 40 OPENING WIDTH: 0.020 INCH OR LESS

BOTTOM OF S C R E E N

BOTTOM OF HOLE

7-5

After the borehole has been advanced to the target depth, procedures and

protocols for well installation are as follows:

• Verify the bottom borehole depth by measuring with a weighted

fiberglass tape through the auger f l i g h t s .

• Monitoring well casing w i l l consist of new, 2-inch diameter,

Schedule 40 polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The casing w i l l be

flush-threaded riser, screen and end cap; individual screen lengths

w i l l not exceed 10 feet. PVC screens w i l l be installed in

monitoring wells. The machined screen slots w i l l be sized to retain

at least 90 percent of the sand pack. A l l casing w i l l be steam

cleaned the same day i t is installed.

• PVC casing w i l l be suspended inside the augers and clean

well-rounded s i l i c a sand added slowly as the auger f l i g h t s are

removed. Estimates of the volume of sand needed to raise the sand

pack to 2 feet above the top of the screen and frequent tape checks

w i l l be made to avoid bridging and assure proper sand placement.

• Bentonite pellets w i l l be added slowly after the sand pack has been

emplaced. The bentonite pellet seal w i l l form a barrier to keep the

bentonite/cement grout from penetrating the sand pack. The pellet

seal w i l l be manually checked with a weighted tape to assure that a

minimum two-feet exists. I f the bentonite pellet seal is above the

existing water table, clean potable water w i l l be added to allow

proper hydration. The pellet seal w i l l be allowed to hydrate for at

least eight hours.

• The bentonite/cement grout w i l l be installed according to Section 6.0 of the M&E SOP (as included in Appendix A) and w i l l consist of Portland Type I or I I cement mixed with clean potable water and 2-5% by weight powdered bentonite. The grout mixture w i l l be tremied into the hole and be allowed to set for a minimum of 24 hours before development to effectively seal the well. The sides of the grout seal w i l l be nearly vertical at the surface to prevent frost heaving.

Wells w i l l be vented with a 1/4-inch hole d r i l l e d in the above

ground casing.

• A locking protective casing w i l l be installed over the well

immediately after well installation according to Section 6.0 of the

M&E SOP (as included in Appendix A).

• I f the well location is such that vehicular t r a f f i c is a potential

hazard then guard posts w i l l be installed.

• The individual well caps w i l l be marked.

7-6

A well construction log w i l l be completed for each monitoring well

installed (Figure 7-3).

7.6 BEDROCK MONITORING WELL INSTALLATION

A total of seven monitoring wells w i l l be installed a minimum of 150 feet into

bedrock. Depending on the overburden thickness, the wells w i l l be

approximately 185 feet which corresponds to the depth of the shallowest

contaminated Holton Circle residential well. MW-6, however, w i l l be d r i l l e d

350 feet into bedrock. Four bedrock monitoring wells (at the Town Garage)

w i l l be single.open hole wells. The three remaining wells, two in the wetland

area and one at the Town Garage w i l l be multilevel wells screened in

transmissive fracture zones determined by borehole geophysical logging

techniques. The multilevel wells w i l l be sited in fracture zones determined

from the surface geophysical surveys and w i l l be located between Holton Circle

and the two suspected source areas.

The four monitoring wells at the Town Garage w i l l be installed by the

following procedure:

An 8-inch borehole w i l l be advanced 5 feet into unfractured bedrock

using a downhole hammer and air rotary d r i l l i n g techniques

• A 6-inch diameter casing w i l l be lowered to the bottom of the

borehole

The 6-inch casing is withdrawn 1 to 2 feet while a Portland

cement/bentonite grout is tremied into the bottom 10 feet of the

borehole

The casing is then lowered into the grout at the bottom of the

borehole and allowed to set for a minimum of 24 hours

The wells w i l l be advanced further using NX rock coring through the

grout into the bedrock. I t is estimated that 10 to 20 feet of

bedrock w i l l be cored at each well

Bedrock w i l l be drilled using a downhole hammer and air rotary

d r i l l i n g techniques to create a 4-inch borehole to minimum of 150

feet into bedrock except for MW-6 which w i l l be d r i l l e d to a depth

of 350 feet into bedrock

7-7

FIGURE 7-3. MONITORING HELL COMPLETION LOG

GROUNDWATER INSTALLATION PROJECT

D R I L L I N G CONTRACTOR. COORDINATES:

BEGUN: SUPERVISOR: WELL SITE WATER LEVEL DEPTH ELEV F INISHED D R I L L E R .

DEPTH IN ELEV. IN REFERENCE POINT & ELEVATION:

-TOP OF SURFACE CASING:

-TOP OF RISER CASING: /—GROUNOSURFACE

G E N E R A L I Z E D DIA. :

GEOLOGIC LOG • S U R F A C E CASING TYPE

• BOTTOM OF SURFACE CASING

' B A C K F I L L : TYPE:

OIA. • RISER CASING: TYPE

• TOP OF SEAL

• A N N U L A R S E A L : TYPE:

BOTTOM OF SEAL

- TOP OF SCREEN

- F I L T E R M A T E R I A L : TYPE:

- SCREEN: D IA . : TYPE:

OPENING WIDTH: TYPE:

• BOTTOM OF SCREEN

• BOTTOM OF SUMP M E T H O D D R I L L E D :

- BOTTOM OF HOLE

M E T H O D DEVELOPED : HOLE DIAMETER

TIME DEVELOPED :

MRS Menoir&Eddv

7-8

• The monitoring wells w i l l then be completed as open-rock holes

Monitoring wells MW-4, MW-6 and MW-7 w i l l be installed as multiple screened

wells.

These boreholes w i l l be geophysically logged and a maximum of five fracture

zones within the borehole w i l l be isolated using a Waterloo multi-level

groundwater monitoring system manufactured by Solinst Canada, Ltd. The system

uses a casing string made up of water activated packers, stainless steel port

modules, various casing lengths, a base plug and a surface manifold. The

system to be installed in the three Holton Circle multi-level wells w i l l

contain dedicated pumps for sampling and pressure tranducers for monitoring

water levels. The Waterloo system w i l l be installed by a Solinst senior

technician. M&E w i l l provide a geologist to observe and assist with the

installation.

The Solinst technician's judgement w i l l be the f i n a l determinant for the

detailed installation protocol. The procedure for installation is as follows:

• Determine levels which are to be sampled

• Layout equipment, tubing, wiring, etc. for the f u l l well depth

Thread each piece of casing and lower into the hole, generally in 10

foot segments

• Add water to the central casing as necessary to counter act buoyancy

• Activate packers - they must s i t for 48 hours before sampling

• A permanently installed manifold is installed at the top of the well

D rilling fluids and muds generated during the installation of bedrock

monitoring wells w i l l be screened using headspace analysis with the Photovac

Microtip. Materials w i l l be drummed i f contamination is detected above 10 ppm

using the f i e l d screening and disposed of at the direction of NHDES. For

pricing purposes, i t is assumed that no drums w i l l be generated. Fluids and

muds w i l l be disposed of by i n f i l t r a t i o n into shallow trenches at a location

selected by EPA and the NHDES.

7-9

7.7 MONITORING WELL DEVELOPMENT

Monitoring well development w i l l be performed after the grout seal has set for

a minimum of 48 hours. Well development w i l l be continuously supervised by •

the site geologist or engineer. Development protocols are as follows:

Measure the static water level and total well depth.

Surge the well with a surge block and/or bailer followed by removal

of well water with a bailer or pump. Wells should not be pumped

dry.

• Well development should continue u n t i l a minimum of 3 to 5 well

volumes have been removed and u n t i l temperature, pH, and

conductivity measurements have stabilized to within 10/5.

Well development samples w i l l be retrieved every 15 minutes to

monitor turbidity and percent of fines over time.

Slowly recharging wells w i l l be developed as follows:

• I f possible, water w i l l be removed from the well at a rate equal to

or less than the recharge rate of the aquifer by use of a

peristaltic pump, bailer or a bladder pump.

• I f the above technique is not possible, the well w i l l be surged and

pumped using a closed bottom bailer in an effort to dislodge fine

materials from the screen and sand pack.

• I f the slowly recharging well does not recover to ninety percent of

i t s static water level within six to eight hours, one well volume

w i l l be removed.

• I f the slowly recharging well recovers in less than six hours, a

minimum of two well volumes w i l l be removed.

Well development water w i l l be contained. Refer to Section 12

regarding waste storage and disposal.

• Physical characteristics such as color, odor, turbidity, the

presence of separate phases, odors, etc. w i l l be noted throughout

well development operations.

Also noted in the f i e l d notebook w i l l be duration of different

development methods (time spent bailing, pumping) and estimated

quantities of water removed.

7-10

7.8 SOIL CLEANUP

All d r i l l cuttings w i l l be screened with an Photovac Microtip using headspace

analysis to characterize the soil cuttings. Refer to Section 12 for methods

of storage, testing, and disposal of soil cuttings.

7.9 SURVEYING

All newly installed piezometers, test pits, monitoring wells, surface water

monitoring stations, and sampling locations w i l l be surveyed by M&E personnel

after completion of the Phase I I fiel d investigations. A notch w i l l be made

in the top of the PVC to establish each piezometer and monitoring well

measuring point. The measuring point for each well w i l l be marked and

described in the Rl report appendices. Surveying w i l l have vertical and

horizontal accuracies of 0.01 and 0.1 feet respectively. Survey points w i l l

be tied to the United States Geological Survey (USGS) vertical datum and to

the New Hampshire State Coordinate System. A l l bench marks w i l l be clearly

identified on the base map and a l l surveyed locations w i l l be noted on

appropriate site maps. A written description of each sampling locations

coordinates w i l l be included in the Rl appendices.

A topographic base map of the site w i l l be prepared with a contour interval of

2 feet and a New Hampshire State Plane planimetric grid coordinate system.

The map, at a scale of 1 inch = 400 feet, w i l l include the Londonderry town

garage, Londonderry High School/Fire Department and other features in the

v i cinity of the Holton Circle subdivision. The area which w i l l be included in

the topographic base map is shown in Figure 7-4.

7-11

FIGURE 7-4. TOPOGRAPHIC BASE MAP

8.0 SAMPLING PROCEDURES

The following sections outline the equipment and sampling procedures that

shall be used for the collection of surface water, sediment, unconsolidated

materials, and groundwater at Holton Circle, Londonderry, New Hampshire.

Decontamination procedures for the sampling equipment are outlined in

Section 10.0, and disposal of any study-derived waste is outlined in

Section 12.0.

8.1 UNCONSOLIDATED MATERIALS SAMPLING METHODS

For field equipment calibration, see Section 13.1.

8.1.1 Surface Unconsolidated Materials Sampling

Equipment

• Stainless steel trowel

• Stainless steel t i l e spade or hand auger

• Sample containers

Sampling Procedure

1. Record the physical characteristics of the unconsolidated materials

such as color, odor, and texture.

2. Make a sketch of the sampling location.

3. Photograph the sampling location and conditions.

4. Excavate the test site to a depth of 0 to 6 inches using a

decontaminated stainless steel t i l e spade or hand auger.

5. while wearing a new pair of PVC gloves, collect a representative

unconsolidated material sample using the hand trowel.

6. For samples being collected for volatile organics analysis, minimize

any disturbance or mixing of the unconsolidated material. Invert a

40 ml VOA vial or 125 ml bottle and insert i t directly into the

sample unconsolidated material. Twist the vial or bottle into the

8-1

soil and f i l l the container as completely as possible to minimize

the air space. After volatile organics have been collected, the

remaining samples may be mixed or composited. F i l l the containers

at least 3/4 f u l l for a l l other analyses.

7. Immediately label, refrigerate/ice, and log the sample into the

f i e l d logbook.

8. Complete the chain of custody form to accompany sample shipment.

Documentation

In addition to the observations noted in Section 11.3, the following

information shall be documented and reported in the f i e l d logbook when

sampling surface soils:

• Description of the sample

• Approximate depth of the sample collection

• Information on whether the sample is a grab or composite sample

• Method of composting

• Whether the sample was sent to be analyzed or not, and why

A general outline of a typical data entry page of the f i e l d logbook is given

in Figure 11-6.

8.1.2 Sed iment Sampling

Equipment

• Stainless steel trowel, scoop, or hand core sampler with stainless

steel liner tubes

• Stainless steel spoons


• Stainless steel bowls

8-2

Sampling Procedures

Samples shall be collected beginning with the area suspected of least

contamination (or the most upstream location) and proceeding to the areas of

most contamination (or the most downstream location). I f surface waters are

to be collected, collect them f i r s t . Then, collect sediment samples according

to the following procedures:

1. Record the physical characteristics of the sediment such as color,

odor, and texture.

2. Make a sketch of the sampling locations.

3. Photograph the sampling locations and conditions.

4. Wearing a new pair of PVC gloves, collect equal portions of sediment

with a trowel or scoop at a minimum of three points in the sampling

v i c i n i t y and transfer the samples into a stainless steel bowl.

5. For samples being collected for volatile organics analysis, minimize

any disturbance or mixing of the s o i l . Invert a 40 ml VOA vi a l or

125 ml bottle and insert i t directly into the sample s o i l . Twist

the v i a l or bottle into the soil and f i l l the container as

completely as possible to minimize the air space.

After volatile organics have been collected, the remaining samples

may be mixed or composited. F i l l the containers at least 3/4 f u l l

for a l l other analysis.

6. Immediately label, refrigerate/ice, and log the samples into the

bound f i e l d logbook.

7. Complete the sample chain of custody form.

Documentation

(See Section 8.1.1)

8.1.3 Borehole Unconsolidated Materials Sampling

Equipment

• Split spoon sampler (supplied by d r i l l i n g contractor)

• Stainless steel spoon or spatula

8-3

Stainless steel bowl

Sample containers

Sampling Procedures

1. Record the physical characteristics of the unconsolidated material


2. Make a sketch of the sampling locations.


4. A 2-inch nominal diameter s p l i t spoon equipped with sand catchers

(as needed) to minimize loss of sample w i l l be used.

5. In accordance with ASTM D 1586 Standard Penetration Test, drive the

s p l i t spoon sampler eighteen (18) inches into the ground at the test

site using a 140-pound hammer falling t h i r t y (30) inches. Record

the blowcount required to drive the s p l i t spoon sampler.

6. Withdraw the s p l i t spoon from the borehole.

7. Scan the s p l i t spoon sample for volatile organics with a

photoionization detector (PID).

8. Samples being collected for volatile organic analysis (VOA) shall be

sampled f i r s t in order to minimize any volatile loss from the

sample. Invert a 125 ml bottle and insert i t directly into the

unconsolidated material sample in a position where VOAs were

detected. Twist the vial or bottle into the so i l and f i l l the

container as completely as possible to minimize the air space.

After the volatile organic samples have been secured, remove a

portion of the soil collected from the split-spoon sampler (near

where the VOA sample was collected) and place in a zip-loc plastic

bag. Then mix or composite the remainder of the s o i l sample

collected. F i l l the appropriate sample containers at least 3/4 f u l l

with s o i l for a l l remaining analyses.

9. Immediately label, refrigerate/ice, and log the sample into a bound

f i e l d logbook.

10. Complete the sample chain of custody form to accompany sample

shipment.

11. Following the collection of soil samples from each borehole, screen

the corresponding samples placed in the plastic bags with a PID or

an organic vapor analyzer (OVA). Each screened sample w i l l remain

in a plastic bag for 20-30 minutes and the bag w i l l be shaken

8-4

i n i t i a l l y to release volatiles from the s o i l . The concentration

w i l l be measured by penetrating the bag with the probe of the PID.

The samples collected from the depths exhibiting the highest

v olatile organic compound concentrations shall be chosen for

laboratory analysis. In the absence of the detection volatile

organics, samples collected for testing w i l l be based on color and

visual observation of discoloration (staining) of the unconsolidated

material. A maximum of three soil samples shall be submitted from

each borehole (with an additional one sample collected at a depth of

6 to 24 inches for the four borings included in Area 4). A maximum

of four s o i l samples shall be submitted for each borehole developed

into an overburden well.

Documentation

(See Section 8.1.1)


Equipment

• Backhoe

• Hand Trowel

Sample Containers

Sampling Procedure

1. Record the weather conditions and other on-site particulars.

2. Record the physical characteristics of the test p i t and sediment


3. Make a sketch of the test p i t boundaries and sampling locations in

relation to site landmarks. Use a test p i t log form (see

Figure 7-9) to record the sketch of the test p i t dimensions and

describe the materials encountered.


5. Excavate the test site with the backhole to a depth of approximately

10-15 feet or u n t i l groundwater is encountered.

6. Measure and record the dimensions of the test p i t .

7. Monitor the soil/sediment sample contained in the backhoe with an

HNu photoionization detector or an organic vapor analyzer. Collect

a representative sample from the backhoe bucket using a hand

trowel. Never enter the test p i t to collect samples.

8-5

FIGURE 8-1. TEST PIT LOG FORMS

Job No.. Test Pit No.

Project . Logged by

Date •

Metcalf & Eddy, Inc.

TEST PIT LOG

i — i — r i — i — r 1 ' I GROUND 10 15 ELEV

10

15

Notes: .

8-6

8. I f samples are being collected for volatile organics analysis,

minimize any disturbance or mixing of the s o i l . Wearing a new pair

of PVC gloves, invert a 40 ml VOA via l and insert i t directly into

the sample s o i l . Twist the sample into the soil and f i l l the

container as completely as possible to minimize the air space.

After volatile organics have been collected, the remaining samples

may be mixed or composited. F i l l the containers at least 3/4 f u l l

for a l l other analyses.

9. Immediately label and tag (as required); refrigerate/ice; and log

the samples into the bound f i e l d logbook and complete the sample

chain of custody form.

10. Decontaminate the trowel and backhoe bucket between test pits or

between discreet contamination layers from which samples are to be

collected for analysis.

Documentation

(See Section 8.1.1)

8.2 WATER SAMPLING METHODS

8.2.1 Single Level Groundwater Monitoring Well Sampling

Equipment

• Stainless steel measurement tape weighted and used to measure the

water level

• Bladder, Fultz, centrifugal, or positive displacement hand pump to

purge the well.

TEFLON® or stainless steel bailers for sample collection (Clear

teflon bailers should be used for floating product estimations.)

TEFL0N®-coated stainless steel cable to be used as leader line for

bailers ( I t must be decontaminated between uses.)


• Required sample preservatives ( i f sample containers do not already

contain preservatives)

• Disposable polystyrene cups for collection of f i e l d monitoring

aliquots

• pH meter

8-7

• Thermometer, non-mercury type

• Conductivity meter

Standard pH buffer solutions of pH 4.0, 7.0, and 10.0 units

• Single-use KC1 conductivity calibration standard solutions

• F iltration apparatus, 0.45 micron

• Photoionization detector and/or organic vapor analyzer

Note: For calibration of f i e l d instruments see Section 7.2.

Sampling Procedure

Samples shall be collected beginning with the well located in the area

suspected of least contamination (up gradient) and proceeding to the areas of

most contamination. Other factors, such as well recovery time, may also

influence the order of sample collection. The following procedure shall be

used:

1. Unlock the protective casing on the well.

2. Sample the air in the well head for organic vapors using a

photoionization detector or organic vapor analyzer, and record the

measurements.

3. Decontaminate the measuring tape as described in Section 10.1.2.

Using the measuring tape, measure and record the well's static

groundwater level and the depth to the bottom of the well. Record

the measurement from the water surface to the top of the well casing

to the nearest 0.01 foot.

4. From the well diameter and the measured depth of the standing water,

calculate (or use a well volume table to determine) the volume of

the standing water in the well. Note and record the volume.

5. (Optional) I f a floating layer is suspected to be present on top of

the well water, gently lower a decontaminated, clear teflon bailer

to below the water surface and withdraw. Using the photoionization

detector or organic vapor analyzer, measure the headspace of the

sample in the bailer and record the reading. Examine the surface of

the water in the bailer for the presence of floating materials. I f

possible, measure and record the thickness of this layer.

8-8

6. Wearing a new pair of PVC gloves, begin purging the well with a

purging pump or bailer. The actual number of well volumes to be

removed during a purging may vary depending on the site

characteristics, well design, and the chemicals or parameters for

which analysis shall be performed. At a minimum, three well volumes

should be purged from each well unless the well is pumped to

dryness. The purged volumes are estimated by discharging the purge

water into a container of known volume. During the purging of each

well volume, measure and record the water's temperature,

conductivity, and pH several times as i t is removed from the well at

the end of each well volume. Discontinue purging when three well

volumes have been removed provided the pH and conductivity readings

have stabilized. I f the measurements have not stabilized ( i . e . , any

given pH or conductivity reading demonstrates more than a 10 percent

difference from the previous reading), further purging may be

necessary. A minimum of three readings is required.

In wells.that recover slowly, wells w i l l be sampled after purging as

soon as there is enough water in the well bore to obtain a sample.

I f the well goes to dryness during the purging process, several

options are available. The options are based on the time required

for the water-level recovery, the type of analysis to be performed,

and the type of purging and sampling equipment being used. The

option to be used for each investigation should be approved on a

site-specific basis prior to sampling. The options may include the

following:

For water-level recoveries of 0.5 to 1 hour, purge three well

volumes. Sampling shall be performed within three hours of the

f i n a l purge.

For water-level recoveries of up to eight hours, the well may

be purged early in the day. Sampling may be performed after

the well level has recovered to within 80 percent of the

original static water level measured.

• I f water-level recoveries exceed 24 hours, the well may be

purged once on one day and the samples may be collected within

24 hours on the following day.

The discharged water collected from each well purge is disposed of

as described in Chapter 12.

7. Using a decontaminated bailer, withdraw two f u l l bailers of

groundwater from the well. Dispose of these f i r s t two bailers of

sample along with the discharged well purge water as described in

the Health & Safety Plan. (Personnel handling the bailer must wear

new PVC gloves.)

8. Using the same bailer and leader line, collect groundwater samples

from the well. Record the time at the beginning and end of the

bailing. (During sample collection, the leader line and bailer

8-9

should not touch the ground or any objects except for the well

casing.)

9. Immediately, wearing new PVC gloves, transfer the groundwater sample

directly from the bailer to the appropriate sample containers.

A l l sample containers should be f i l l e d to the shoulder,

approximately 3/4's f u l l , except for those samples requiring

volatile organic analyses. Samples collected for volatile organics

analysis w i l l be collected f i r s t . For the collection of volatile

organic samples in VOA vials, be sure that there are no air bubbles

in the vial after i t has been capped; ensure this by turning the

v i a l upside down and tapping i t l i g h t l y .

Samples collected for dissolved metals analysis must be f i e l d

f i l t e r e d on-site at the time of sample collection. F i l t r a t i o n shall

be performed using a laboratory cleaned and dedicated 0.45 micron

f i l t e r . Particularly turbid samples may be prefiltered through a

glass fiber f i l t e r prior to the 0.45 micron f i l t e r to speed the

f i l t r a t i o n process. Samples of unfiltered groundwater w i l l also be

collected for metals analysis.

10. Collect a f i n a l sample aliquot in a disposable container and

immediately measure and record the pH, temperature, and conductivity

of that sample.

11. Immediately label, preserve i f necessary, refrigerate/ice, and log

the samples into a bound f i e l d logbook.


13. Remeasure and record the standing water level in the well after

sampling.

14. Replace the protective cap on the well and lock.

Documentation

In addition to the sampling observations listed in Section 11.3, the following

observations should be documented and reported in the f i e l d logbook when

sampling monitoring wells: well purging data (see Figure 8-1), sample

characteristics, and a note as to whether the well was secured upon ar r i v a l .

A general outline of a typical data entry page of the f i e l d logbook for actual

sample collection is given in Figure 11-4.

8-10

FIGURE 8-2. WELL SAMPLING WORKSHEET

WELL SAMPLING WORKSHEET

Job No. Samplers Job Name

Well ID Date Sampled .Time: Start .End

. inches + 12 = . _(d)ft. Well secured upon arrival? Y/N Casing Diameter ft. Standing water (gal.) = —Depth of well from T.O.C. _

x well volumes Depth of water from T.O.C. ft.

= gallons to purge Feet of standing water .0>) ft-PIP Readings (ppm)

Standing Breathing Water = rc [(d? + 4] 00 V l u m e° -3.14IC i t )

2 +4 ] . f t ) x 7.48 gal/ft gals Well

End. Purge: Time Start. Purging method

Conductivity Temperature, (C) pH

1 well volume = . gal.

2 well volume = . gal.

3 well volume = gal.

Final volume = gal.

Bailer 1D# Sample Collection: Time Start -End

Sample Characteristics (Circle all applicable)

none sulfide fishy musty petroleum Describe odor:

colorless black brown orange red Describe color:

Describe appearance: turbid silty sand clay floaters sheen

clear multlphased foaming slimy algae

Organic Layer? Length? Samples preserved?

Comments . —

8-11

8.2.2 Waterloo Multilevel Well Sampling

Because the multilevel well is novel to M&E no perfected procedure exists for

sampling. However, the following may be considered a guideline. I t w i l l be

necessary to become familiar with the sampling procedure through demonstration

from a Solonist Technician.

Equipment

• Readout box to take measurements from pressure transducers

• Pump control box to operate pumps for purging and sampling

• A nitrogen tanks with regulator that w i l l reduce the pressure to

less than 300 psi


pH meter

• Thermometer, non-mercury type


Standard pH buffer solutions of pH 4.0, 7.0, and 10.0 units

Single-use KC1 conductivity calibration standard solutions

• F i ltration apparatus, 0.45 micron

Photoionization detector and/or organic vapor analyzer

Sampling Procedure

Samples shall be collected beginning with the well located in the area

suspected of least contamination (up gradient) and proceeding to the areas of

most contamination. Other factors, such as well recovery time, may also

influence the order of sample collection. The following procedure shall be

used:

1. Unlock the protective casing on the well.

8-12

2. Sample the air in the well head for organic vapors using a

photoionization detector or organic vapor analyzer, and record the

measurements.

3. Connect the readout box to the pressure transducers via the

alligator clips. I t is important to make sure that the proper

connections are made.

4. Connect the pump control box to the manifold taking care to connect

each tube to the proper pump controller.

5. Connect the nitrogen supply to the manifold. The pressure should be

regulated below 300 psi.

6. Wearing a new pair of PVC gloves, begin purging the well by

activating the required port pump. The actual number of well

volumes to be removed during a purging may vary depending on the

site characteristics, well design, and the chemicals or parameters

for which analysis shall be performed. At a minimum, three well

volumes should be purged from each well unless the well is pumped to

dryness. The purged volumes are estimated by discharging the purge

water into a container of known volume. During the purging of each

well volume, measure and record the water's temperature,

conductivity, and pH several times as i t is removed from the well at

the end of each well volume. Discontinue purging when three well

volumes have been removed provided the pH and conductivity readings

have stabilized. I f the measurements have not stabilized ( i . e . , any

given pH or conductivity reading demonstrates more than a 10 percent

difference from the previous reading), further purging may be

necessary. A minimum of three readings is required.

I f the well goes to dryness during the purging process, several

options are available. The options are based on the time required

for the water-level recovery, the type of analysis to be performed,

and the type of purging and sampling equipment being used. The

option to be used for each investigation should be approved on a

site-specific basis prior to sampling. The options may include the

following:

For water-level recoveries of 0.5 to 1 hour, purge three well

volumes. Sampling shall be performed within three hours of the

f i n a l purge.

• For water-level recoveries of up to eight hours, the well may

be purged early in the day. Sampling may be performed after

the well level has recovered to within 80 percent of the

original static water level measured.

• I f water-level recoveries exceed 24 hours, the well may be

purged once on one day and the samples may be collected within

24 hours on the following day.

8-13

The discharged water collected from each well purge is disposed of

as described in Chapter 12.

7. F i l l the sample containers from the portal tube indicated for each

sampling level. Extra care must be taken to avoid contaminating the

ends of the portal tubes. Record the time at the beginning and end

of the sampling.

A l l sample containers should be f i l l e d to the shoulder,

approximately 3/4's f u l l , except for those samples requiring

v olatile organic analysis. Samples collected for volatile organics

analysis must be collected f i r s t . For the collection of volatile

organic samples in VOA vials, be sure that there are no air bubbles

in the v i a l after i t has been capped; ensure this by turning the

v i a l upside down and tapping i t l i g h t l y .

Samples collected for dissolved metals analysis must be f i e l d

f i l t e r e d . Filtration shall be performed using a laboratory cleaned

and dedicated 0.45 micron f i l t e r . Particularly turbid samples may

be prefiltered through a glass fiber f i l t e r prior to the 0.45 micron

f i l t e r to speed the f i l t r a t i o n process.



of that sample.




11. Remeasure and rerecord readings from each of the pressure

transducers.

12. Disconnect the nitrogen, the readout box and the control box.

13. Replace the protective cap on the well and lock.

Documentation


observations should be documented and reported in the f i e l d logbook when

sampling monitoring wells: well purging data (see Figure 9-1), sample

characteristics, and a note as to whether the well was secured upon ar r i v a l .

A general outline of a typical data entry page of the f i e l d logbook for actual

sample collection is given in Figure 11-4.

8-14

8.2.3 Surface Water Sampling

Equipment


• Required sample preservatives ( i f sample containers do not contain

preservatives)

• Disposable polystyrene cups for collection of f i e l d monitoring

aliquot

• pH meter


• Thermometer

Standard pH buffer solutions of pH 4.0, 7.0 and 10.0

• Single-use KC1 conductivity calibration standard solutions

• F i l t r a t i o n apparatus, 0.45 micron

Note: For calibration of field instruments, see Section 7.2.

Sampling Procedure

To prevent cross-contamination of samples, sample collection shall start at

locations suspected of least contamination and proceed to locations of most

contamination. I f sediments are to be collected, collect surface water

f i r s t . Collect samples according to the following procedures:

1. Estimate the depth of water. ( I f a pole is to be used, wait to

perform this task u n t i l after actual sampling to avoid water

turbulence.)

2. Record the weather conditions and other on-site particulars.

3. Record the physical characteristics of the water body such as odor,

color, temperature, pH, conductivity, presence of any dead

vegetation and surface sheens, etc.

4. Make a sketch of the surface water boundaries and sampling

locations.

8-15


6. Collect a sample by immersing the sample container in the water. Do

not collect samples at the surface; instead, the sample container

should be inverted, lowered to the approximate sampling depth, and

held at about a 45-degree angle. I f the surface water is a flowing

stream, river, or brook, hold the sample container at about a

45-degree angle with the mouth of the bottle facing upstream.

Samples collected for volatile organic analysis must contain no air

bubbles in the VOA vial after i t has been capped; ensure this by

turning the vi a l upside down and tapping i t l i g h t l y . F i l l a l l other

sample containers to the shoulder.



of that sample.




10. I f possible, calculate an estimate of the surface water flow ( i f

any) from a measurement of the linear cross-section flow velocity

(using a bobber and a stop watch) and an estimate of the flow

volume's cross-sectional area.

Documentation


observations should be documented in the f i e l d logbook when sampling surface

water:

Time of sample collected

Description of water body, color, odor, appearance

Depth of water

Depth of sample collection for each specimen collected

Description of sampling location (e.g., l e f t bank, eddy, middle,

etc.)

8-16

A general outline of a typical data entry page of the f i e l d logbook is given

in Figure 11-5.

8.3 QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLES

During each sampling episode, a number of quality control (QC) samples must be

collected and submitted for laboratory analysis. The number and frequency of

the QC sample collection is outlined in Section 10.0 of the Quality Assurance

Project Plan (QAPP) specific to this investigation.

A l i s t of the types of QC samples that shall be collected along with a brief

description of each sample type is outlined in the following sections.

8.3.1 Trip Blanks

Trip blanks are collected for chemical analysis of volatile organics. The

analytical results serve as a baseline measurement of volatile organic

contamination that samples may be exposed to during transport and laboratory

storage prior to analysis.

Trip blanks are comprised of deionized water which is placed in sample

containers transported to the sample collection site, handled along with the

samples, and returned to the laboratory along with samples of water and/or

s oil collected for volatile organic analysis. The t r i p blank containers are

not to be opened in the f i e l d .

Typically, one t r i p blank is included in each shipping container for volatile

organics analysis, is stored in the laboratory with the samples, and is

analyzed by the laboratory (for volatile organics only).

8.3.2 Equipment Blanks

Equipment blanks are collected for each piece of sampling equipment used in

the collection of samples when devices other than the sample bottle i t s e l f is

required. The analysis of these blanks serves to verify the cleanliness of

the sampling equipment.

8-17

Equipment blanks are comprised of deionized water which is placed in sample

containers transported to the sample collection site, opened, poured into the

sampling device following equipment decontamination procedures (or pumped

through i t as in the case of sampling pumps), transferred back to the sample

bottle, and returned to the laboratory for analysis. The equipment blanks are

analyzed for the same parameters as the associated samples.

One equipment blank shall be collected per each day of sample collection or at

a frequency of ten percent of the samples collected for each media sampled,

whichever is greater. Every other equipment blank shall be submitted for

laboratory analysis.

8.3.3 Field Duplicates

Field duplicates are defined as two samples collected independently of each

other at a sampling location during a single episode of sampling. Analysis of

these duplicates provides s t a t i s t i c a l information relating to sample

v ariability and serves as a check on the precision of any sample collection

method as i t pertains to the sampled area.

Ten percent of a l l samples w i l l be collected in duplicate and submitted for

laboratory analysis. Field duplicates shall be labeled in such a manner so

that persons performing laboratory analysis are not able to distinguish

duplicates from other collected samples.

8-18

9.0 HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS

Hydrogeologic investigations include testing and characterization of the

hydraulic properties of the aquifers at the site.

9.1 SLUG TESTS

Slug tests w i l l be conducted on a l l overburden wells to determine hydraulic

conductivity in the surfi c i a l aquifer. These w i l l be performed after sampling

is completed to avoid any possibility of sample contamination by slug test

equipment. Slug test equipment w i l l be decontaminated between wells.

The following protocol w i l l be used:

• The static water level w i l l be measured

A slug of known volume w i l l be instantaneously introduced into each

well

• The recovery of the water level in each well w i l l be measured and

recorded with time using an insitu data logger and pressure

transducer, u n t i l the water level reaches the previous static level

• The slug w i l l be instantaneously removed and the recovery of the

well recorded as above

Though not l i k e l y , i f the water table is below the top of the screen

then only slug removal w i l l be performed

The slug tests w i l l be duplicated i f necessary

The data w i l l then be plotted on semi-logarithmic paper and analyzed using

both the Hvorslev (1951) method and the Bouwer and Rice (1976) method and

comparing the results.

9.2 SURFACE HATER MEASUREMENT

Three surface water monitoring stations w i l l be installed in the wetland areas

in the vici n i t y of Holton Circle (Figure 4-1). These stations w i l l be used to

monitor changes in surface water elevations so that the groundwater recharge

potential and the groundwater/surface water relationship can be evaluated.

9-1

10.0 DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES

Decontamination is the process of removing contaminants that have accumulated

on excavation equipment and sampling apparatus. Proper decontamination is

essential in minimizing the transfer of harmful materials into clean areas, in

the prevention of cross-contamination between samples due to the use of

improperly decontaminated field/sampling equipment, and in protecting workers

from hazardous substances.

10.1 EQUIPMENT

All equipment involved in site investigation activities shall be

decontaminated prior to leaving the site. The general outline for such

decontamination procedures is included in the following sections.

10.1.1 Non-Sampling Field Equipment

Non-sampling f i e l d equipment is any equipment that may potentially contact a

sample area. A l l equipment and power tools used as non-sampling equipment

( i . e . , d r i l l i n g equipment, well casings and screens, backhoes, dredges,

augers, etc.) shall be decontaminated before and following usage, as well as

prior to removal from the site. Large and heavy d r i l l i n g equipment shall be

steam cleaned. Light or small equipment such as hand tools shall be rinsed

with tap water, scrubbed with a water/mild soap solution, and rinsed again

with tap water, or shall be steam cleaned. Al l equipment decontamination

shall be performed at a decontamination station specified in the site specific

Health and Safety Plan.

A ll d r i l l i n g and other non-sampling equipment shall be handled to prevent

cross-contamination in the f i e l d by the use of sawhorses and plastic ground

cloths. No equipment shall be placed directly on the ground.

10-1

10.1.2 Sampling Equipment

Prior to f i e l d use, the c

field sampling plan - records collections · field personnel to perform the planne field workd a....

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