field olfactometry odor measurement
DESCRIPTION
Field Olfactometry Odor Measurement. Penn State Odor Assessment Laboratory UMES Odor Assessment Kick-off Training August 16 – 18, 2011 University Park, PA. R.C. Brandt, PhD, PE Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering The Pennsylvania State University. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Field Olfactometry Odor Measurement
R.C. Brandt, PhD, PEDepartment of Agricultural and Biological EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State University
Penn State Odor Assessment LaboratoryUMES Odor Assessment Kick-off TrainingAugust 16 – 18, 2011University Park, PA
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How are Odor Samples Secured for Laboratory Olfactometry?
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Field Olfactometer
How is Odor Threshold ConcentrationMeasured in Ambient Air?
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Is Field Olfactometry a New Idea?
Scentometer® • Research sponsored by the U.S. Public Health Service, 1958
• Originally manufactured by Barnebey-Cheney Corp, early 1960’s
• Now manufactured & sold by Barnebey and Sutcliff Corp.
Photo image by St. Croix Sensory, Inc.
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Dilution of Odor in Ambient Air
Odor Source
Ambient Air Observer
Air Flow
D/T 2 7 304 15 60Dilution-to-Threshold using Field Olfactometry
Nuisance?
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Original Scentometer D/T Interpretation
D/T Word Category2 Noticeable
7 Objectionable
15 Nuisance
31 Nauseating
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How Are Odor Panelists Selected?
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Smell Bell of Normal PopulationPe
rcen
tage
of P
opul
atio
n
8Anosmic Hypersensitive
<= =>
3 137654
5 % tile
9 10
5 % tile
11 12
Chart image by St. Croix Sensory, Inc.
Normal Population
Smell Bell
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Pen-Test Sensitivity History
Odor Sensitivity Testing Results-Test Subject 560
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
a b a b a b a b a b
1 2 3 4 5
5/14/06 5/15/06 5/25/06 5/31/06 7/9/06
Odor Sensitivity Test Event
Pen
Test
Res
ult
Mean = 11.5 One Std. Deviation = 3.84 One Std. Error =1.21
Odor Sensitivity Testing Results-Test Subject 522
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
a b a b a b a b a b a b a b a b a b a b
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
7/14/05 8/12/05 8/22/05 11/2/05 5/15/06 5/17/06 5/24/06 6/5/06 6/21/06 7/14/06
Odor Sensitivity Test Event
Pen
Test
Res
ult
Mean = 9.85 One Std. Deviation = 3.03 One Std. Error =0.677
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Why Field Olfactometry?Advantages: On-site “REAL-TIME” measurement No need for sample collection Lower detection levels possible Relatively low costDisadvantages: Does not provide emission rate Variable field conditions Personnel logistics
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Multiple Assessor Repeat Observation Field Olfactometry Protocol
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200 foot diameter manure ring
Prevailing WindDirection
Use of Manure Rings for Assessment of Dairy Odors from Alternative Application Methods
10 foot wide swath of manure (6000 gal/acre)
OdorPanel Advantages:
1.Eliminates wind direction as a primary source of variance
2.Maintains constant odor assessor distance from odor source
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Surface Aeration Infiltration
Surface + Chisel
Shallow
Disk
DGI Control0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
a
b
c d de
Pre-application <1.0 hr 2 to 4 hrs 24 hrs
Land Application Method
Fiel
d O
lfact
omet
ry D
/T (B
ET10
)
Shallow Disk
Direct Ground In-
jection
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Field Olfactometry D/T versus Time
0 hn = 96
1 hn = 95
2-4 hn = 95
24 hn = 96
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
C
A
BB
Field NRO Observation Time Following Manure Application
Ave
rage
NR
O D
/T (
Log
BET1
0) Error bars represent one standard error.
Data with same character are not significantly different (a=0.05)
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Use of Inventory Management to Mitigate Odor Emissions From Land-Applied Biosolids
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0
5
10
15
20
25
3-Day 10-Day 50-Day No Biosolids
Fiel
d O
lfact
omet
er B
ET10
Treatment/ Biosolids Age
Hannum Farm Odor Study - Field Olfactometer Best Estimate Odor Threshold
Pre-Application <1 hr 4 hrs 10 hrs Next Morning
BB
A
C
Same letter indicates no statistical difference ..... composited over time (α=0.05).
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y = 12.20x + 2.07R² = 0.75
0
5
10
15
20
25
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4Supr
a-T
hesh
old
Inte
nsity
(100
-pt.
scal
e)
LogBET10
Supra-Threshold Odor Intensity vs LogBET10
r=0.87
Sensory Comparisons -Odor Intensity versus Log BET10
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y = -2.23x + 0.31R² = 0.79
-4.0
-3.0
-2.0
-1.0
0.0
1.0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
Hed
onic
Ton
e (2
2-p
t. sc
ale) LogBET10
Hedonic Tone vs LogBET10
r=0.89
Sensory Comparisons -Hedonic Tone versus Log BET10
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y = -5.26x + 3.90R² = 0.85
0
5
10
15
20
25
-3.5 -3.0 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0Supr
a-T
hrsh
old
Inte
nsity
(100
-pt.
scal
e)
Hedonic Tone (22-pt. scale)
Intensity vs Hedonic Tone
r=0.92
Sensory Comparisons -Intensity versus Hedonic Tone
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Use of Field Olfactometry for Quantification of WWTP Dewatering Facility Odors
1 2 3 4 5
6
78
9A 9B
10
1112
Penrose Avenue
Interstate - 95
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
#1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9A #9B #10 #11 #12
Fiel
d O
lfact
omet
er D
/T (B
ET 10)
Observation Station
7/14/2008
7/15/2008
7/21/2008
7/22/2008
7 BET10
Field Olfactometry D/T (BET10)
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Sensory ComparisonsOdor Intensity versus Log BET10
1
23
4
5
6
7
89A
9B
10
11
12
y = 16.05x + 0.79R² = 0.98
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Odo
r Int
ensi
ty (1
00-pt
Sca
le)
Log BET10
Odor Intensity versus Log BET10
Data point station IDs shown
r=0.99
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1
23
4
5
6
7
89A
9B
10
11
12
y = -2.56x + 0.12R² = 0.98
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
00.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Hedo
nic
Tone
(22-p
t Sc
ale)
Log BET10
Odor Hedonic Tone versus Log BET10
Data point station IDs shown
r=0.99
Sensory ComparisonsHedonic Tone versus Log BET10
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Swine Manure Odor Ring Study Log BET10 and % odor Reduction
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NR PERC Field Maps 7-23-06.ppt 27
W
Layer House
ME
B
Poultry House Odor Mitigation using Shelterbelt vegetation
Fans
Air Sample Locations
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West Middle East Background0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Without TreesWith Trees
Observation Location
Fiel
d O
lfact
omet
er D
/T (
LogB
ET10
) Bars represent one standard error.
Field olfactometry results suggest shelterbelt vegetation may assist odor mitigation.
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Field + Laboratory OlfactometryUSDA-NRCS CIG Grant: Promoting adoption of innovative conservation cropping systems on livestock farms.
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Field Olfactometry Indicates Shallow Disk Injection Reduces Dairy Manure Odors by 66%
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Lab Olfactometry Indicates Shallow Disk Injection Reduces Dairy Manure Odors by 58%
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Questions?
Take-Home PointField olfactometry works!This technology can provide vital information for high-value decision-making