fiberglass for fenestration...2009/07/14 · manhole covers, tool handles, windows and doors...

Fiberglass for Fenestration

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.

Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

Thank you!

This presentation is protected by US and International copyright laws.

Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited.

© AAMA Fiberglass Material Council 2008

Copyright Materials

Learning Objectives

• What is fiberglass• Performance characteristics of fiberglass • Pultrusion process • Manufacturing process and industry standards• Case studies of fiberglass window applications

• A collection of scientific, business, engineering, production, sales and marketing people whose primary goal is to promote quality, confidence, and knowledge throughout the fenestration industry by representing window, door, skylight, curtain wall and storefront manufacturers and their suppliers

• AAMA is a voluntary organization

What is AAMA?

AAMA’S Major Role• To develop standards and specifications for

guidance of architects, builders and industry professionals

• To influence code bodies for inclusion of key codes to better the industry and the marketplace

• To develop buyer confidence in the quality, performance and reliability of the industry’s certified products.

Mission: To act as an information provider and promoter of fiberglass in the fenestration and related building products industry and provider of technical, regulatory, legislative, marketing and certification support to ensure that the appropriate standards are established, maintained and communicated for the benefit of the users and suppliers of fiberglass pultrusions and products.

What is FMC?

Applications of Fiberglass

Sustainable products for the world

From automotive to household fixtures

Applications of Fiberglass• Automotive...car bodies, such as the Chevrolet Corvette

• Transportation...truck beds and armored vehicles

• Aircraft…fuselage, propellers, nose cones

• Boats…resistance to UV, saltwater & extreme heat and cold

• Recreation…hockey sticks, golf carts, kayaks, travel trailers

• Household Fixtures…shower stalls, laundry tubs, ladders• Environment…gas storage tanks, toxic chemical containers• Communications... fiber optic cables

• Building and Construction…bridges, “H” & “I” beams, decking, rebar to resist corrosion, guard rails, light poles, manhole covers, tool handles, windows and doors

Advantages Of Fiberglass• Energy efficiency• High strength-to-weight ratio• Withstands extreme heat and cold• Suited for seacoast application• Resists moisture, scratching, denting, warping and

impact• Attractive, complex integral shapes• Non-reflective, non-magnetic and non-sparking• Insect resistant• Dark colors in hot climates• Can be formulated for low flammability• Environmentally friendly finish options

Advantages of Fiberglass

• Smooth operation

• Low thermal expansion

• Reduced sash sagging

• Minimal sight lines

• Large window units

• Wind load resistance

• Resistant to forced entry

• Will not dent, warp, corrode

• Unaffected by time or temperature

What is Fiberglass?Glass (sand) and resin strands

• Low embodied energy

• Energy efficient, non-polluting, low environmental impact

• Low thermal expansion and contraction

• Strong and durable

• Withstands extreme heat and cold

• Seacoast worthy

• Superb condensation resistance

• Resists atmospheric pollutants, chemical corrosion

What is Pultruded Fiberglass?

Isometric View of Complex Pultruded Profile

What is Pultrusion?

• Definition: A continuous process for manufacturing composites with a constant cross-sectional shape. The process consists of pulling a fiber reinforcing material through a resin impregnation bath and into a shaping die where the resin is cured by heat and chemistry. Heating to gel and cure of the resin is accomplished within the die length. The die can be typical of 36-60 inches long. The pultrusion process yields continuous lengths of material with high unidirectional strengths.

Click link for You tube video

A Pultruded Profile

• A pultruded composite profile consists of reinforcing materials, such as unidirectional glass fibers, other wise called roving, continuous fiberglass mat and a thermoset resin that binds the composite together. A polyester surfacing veil to improve the external appearance of the composite and chemical resistance or weather ability may also be added. A variety of ancillary materials may be added to the resin formulation, such as pigment for color, and accelerators to speed the curing of the Thermoset resin. Internal release agents, and several various types of inert fillers, each having its own functionality. A pultruded profile can be uniquely designed to meet custom application.

Advantages of Pultrusion

• High throughput rate– “finished part”– lines can produce profiles at 3 - 15 ft/min– more typical line speeds in the range of 3 - 5 ft/min

• High material usage (low process waste, low labor)• Variety of reinforcement types, forms and styles with many

thermosetting and thermoplastic resins and fillers• Complex thin walled shapes can be fabricated

(traditionally extruded in aluminum, PVC)• Can fabricate extremely large profiles.• Can fabricate any transportable length parts

Fiberglass For Fenestration

• Provides outstanding “U” factor

• High performance finishes in a variety of colors

–Powder and Liquid systems

–AAMA specifications: 623, 624 & 625

• Can be refinished in the field

• Extremely hard and scratch resistant

• Environmentally friendly-green material

Thermal Performance of Fiberglass

• High R-values/Low U-values

• High condensation resistance

• Reduces damage to walls

• Helps achieve higher level of thermal comfort

Why Buildings?• Buildings consume:

– 30% of all of our nation’s energy– 50% of all electrical energy

• DOE to reduce building’s energy usage by 50%• AIA goal is “Zero Energy” by 2030

* Source: U.S. Dept of Energy and www.aia.org

What is Sustainability?

• Meeting the needs of today without compromising the needs of future generations*

• Resource-efficient manufacturing, product use, recycling & disposal

• Minimizing the ecological impact of a building

*Source: U.N. Rio Earth Summit, 1992

Sustainability of Materials• Will it adversely affect health of occupants?• Will it need frequent replacement/repairs?• Are there impacts from mining or harvesting material?• Will it minimize energy use?• Toxic by-products created during manufacturing?• Renewable energy consumed during manufacturing?• Raw materials from rare or endangered resources?• Raw materials or mftg. locations far from building site?• Can the material be reused or recycled?

Average Annual Growth Rate of Window Materials

2007 to 2013F

Source: AAMA/WDMA 2009/2010 U.S. National Statistical Review and Forecast

Fiberglass Wood Aluminum Vinyl

Growth 113% 11% 7% 54%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Conventional Residential Window Usage2007 – 2013 Forecast

Total Construction(Millions of Units)


2007 2008 2009 2010 2011F 2012F 2013F

Wood* 15.1 11.9 8.6 9.3 11.0 12.6 13.2

Aluminum 6.4 4.6 2.9 3.1 4.0 4.8 4.9

Vinyl 35.7 29.8 25.5 28.4 34.9 41.9 45.9

Fiberglass* 1.28 1.36 1.2 1.4 2.0 2.5 2.9

Other 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.2

Total 59.1 48.4 38.9 43.0 52.8 62.9 68.1

Patio Door Usage

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011F 2012F 2013F

Wood* 1245 980 699 760 944 1121 1167

Aluminum 505 375 246 252 302 339 350

Vinyl 1786 1515 1296 1473 1886 2334 2557

Steel 559 465 281 306 339 377 427

Fiberglass 200 180 160 185 244 306 352

Other 50 45 41 44 54 64 75

Sub Total** 4345 3560 2723 3021 3768 4541 4927

2006 – 2012 Forecast (Thousands of Units)

*Includes both aluminum and vinyl wood clad units and un-clad wood units.Source: AAMA/WDMA 2009/2010 U.S. National Statistical Review and Forecast

Fiberglass Windows and DoorsStructural Testing

AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S. 2/A440-08

Fiberglass windows and doors are tested to the same structural performance standard as aluminum, vinyl and wood windows

Modulus of Elasticity (PSI x 106) 3.0

Tensile Strength (KSI)60.0

Thermal Expansion 5.0 x 10-6 in/in/°F

100 in. sample at a temperature change of 100°F = 0.05

Thermal ConductivityBTU/in/hr/SF/°F

2.08

Fiberglass Windows and DoorsMaterial Test Results

Source: Principles of Polymer Engineering; By N.G. Mccrum, C.P. Buckley, and C.B. Bucknall, Published By Oxford University Press In 1990.

Energy Star Program

Fiberglass windows and doors perform very well with the ENERGY STAR©

program requirements

Energy Star® Climate Zonesfor Windows, Doors and Skylights

Energy Star® Qualified Windows and Doors Eligibility

1. btu/h.ft2.°F2. Fraction of incident solar radiation

Climate Zone U-Factor1 SHGC2

Northern ≤0.35 AnyNorth/Central ≤0.40 ≤0.55South/Central ≤0.40 ≤0.40 Prescriptive

≤0.41 ≤0.36 Equivalent Performance (excluding CA) Products meeting these criteria also qualify in the Southern zone

≤0.42 ≤0.31≤0.43 ≤0.24

Energy Star® Qualified Windows and Doors Eligibility

1. btu/h.ft2.°F2. Fraction of incident solar radiation

Climate Zone U-Factor1 SHGC2

Southern 0.65 0.40 Prescriptive0.66

0.39Equivalent Performance0.67

0.68 0.380.69

0.370.700.71 0.360.72

0.350.730.74 0.340.75 0.33

Window Usagein Non-Residential Buildings

2006 - 2012F(vision area, millions of square feet)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011F 2012F 2013F

Site FabWindows 158 151 118 84 80 90 111

Shop Fab Windows 111 113 95 74 70 77 90

Curtain Wall 100 118 99 72 68 76 91

Storefront 167 160 125 87 83 96 120

Total 536 542 437 317 301 339 412


Fiberglass Windows and DoorsCase Study

Boyne River Ecology Center• Designed to uplift the spirit,

windows allow light and colors inside to change with the hours and the seasons

• 1,020 square feet of windows, 308 square feet of skylights built with pultruded fiberglass with an overall U-factor of 0.125.


• New office near Toronto (Canada’s first C-2000 project)• Window frames are assembled from fiberglass profiles

filled with polystyrene insulation, chosen for their insulating value and low embodied energy

• 30% window-to-wall ratio

Green-on-the-Grand


St. Ursula Academy

• Toledo’s oldest all-female, Catholic college-preparatory high school

• Installed in the late 1950s, 1300 single-pane steel windows had to be replaced

• All units were glazed with 7/8" low-E/argon glass meeting the U.S. DOE Energy Star™ requirement of 0.35 U-value


DOE/EERE Solar Decathlon• Uses the USGBC Indoor

Environmental Quality and Indoor Air Quality guidelines:

–Daylighting–Lighting quality–Thermal comfort–Acoustics–Occupant control of

the building’s systems–Access to views

Fiberglass Windows and DoorsCase StudyReed College

• Restoration project included replacement of original 200 windows

• Restoration completed using pultruded fiberglass double hung retrofit frames

• Designed to fit with original décor

• Selected because of energy efficiency, and low environmental impact


DOE/EERE Solar Decathlon

• Entrants design and build homes that can conserve sufficient energy over a fixed period of time to power all of the home’s electricity and operating amenities.


DOE/EERE Solar Decathlon

University of Virginia used fiberglass windows and doors in their home’s design • In 2002, achieved perfect

scores for:• Energy Balance,• Design & Livability

• In 2005, first place for:• Architecture & Dwelling

Fiberglass Windows and Doors

Structural Integrity


Energy Efficiency


Finish


Function


Flexibility


Life Cycle Costing


Sustainability


•Energy Efficiency•Structural Integrity•Finish•Function•Flexibility•Life Cycle Costing•Sustainability•Overall Value

Thank you for participating.

Please take a moment to complete the seminar evaluation form.

fiberglass for fenestration...2009/07/14 · manhole covers, tool handles, windows and doors...

Documents