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Fiber Trends, Standards & Applications
Tony Irujo, OFS Adrian Amezcua, Prysmian Group
Ravi Yekula, Corning
2
Fiber Optics LAN Section
• Overview:
• Part of the Telecommunications Industry Association (www.tiaonline.org)
• Formed 17 years ago
• Mission: to educate users about the benefits of deploying fiber in customer-owned networks
• FOLS provides vendor-neutral information
Fiber Optics LAN Section
Current Members • 3M • ADC (ADC is now TE
Connectivity • AFL/Noyes Fiber
Systems • Berk-Tek, a Nexans
Company • Corning • CommScope
• Fluke Networks • Leviton • OFS • Ortronics/legrand • Prysmian Group (Draka) • Sumitomo Electric
Lightwave • Superior Essex • TE Connectivity
4
Fiber Optics LAN Section
• Resources include interactive cost model, White Papers, Fiber FAQs and market research
• Recent Webinars Available on Demand – LAN Standards, News & Trends: 2011 Update – Data Center Connectivity – Data Center Best Practices – Don’t miss next week’s webconference on the new
STEP Program • Visit www.fols.org or our channel on BrightTalk
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Agenda
• Optical Fiber Trends • Standards Activities • Emerging applications and next generation
fibers
Two Basic Optical Fiber Types
Larger cores and lower wavelengths drive source and system costs down
1. Multimode 2. Single-mode
62.5 micron 50 micron ~8 micron
125 micron
850 nm Operating 1310 - 1625 nm & some 1300 nm Wavelengths
8
Multimode Fiber Types
Multimode (described in the industry using primarily the ISO/IEC 11801 designations)
ISO/IEC 11801 IEC 60793-2-10 TIA/EIA ITU-T62.5/125 OM1(1) A1b 492AAAA ---50/125 OM2(2) A1a.1 492AAAB G.651.150/125 OM3 A1a.2 492AAAC ---50/125 OM4 A1a.3 492AAAD ---
Fiber TypeIndustry Standards
(1) OM1 is typically a 62.5um fiber, but can also be a 50um fiber. (2) OM2 is typically a 50um fiber, but can also be a 62.5um fiber.
ISO/IEC 11801 "Generic Cabling for Customer Premises"IEC 60793-2-10 "Product Specifications - Sectional Specification for Category A1 Multimode Fibres"
TIA/EIA-492AAAx "Detail Specification for… Class 1a Graded-Index Multimode Optical Fibers"ITU-T G.651.1 "Characteristics of a 50/125 um Multimode Graded Index Optical Fibre Cable for the Optical Access Network"
9
Singlemode Fiber Types
Singlemode (described in the industry using primarily the ITU-T designations)
ISO/IEC 11801 IEC 60793-2-50 TIA/EIA ITU-T Std SM OS1 B1.1 492CAAA G.652.A or B
Low Water Peak SM OS2 (1) B1.3 492CAAB G.652.C or D
Dispersion Shifted SM --- B2 --- G.653.A or B Cut-off Shifted SM --- B1.2_b or _c --- G.654.B or C
Non-Zero Disperson Shifted SM --- B4_c, _d, or _e 492EA00 G.655.C, D, or E
Non-Zero Disperson for Wideband SM --- B5 --- G.656
Bending Loss Insensitive SM --- B6_a or _b --- G.657.A1 or A2
G.657.B2 or B3
(1) OS2 is actually referenced in the standard ISO/IEC 24702 "Generic Cabling for Industrial Premises"
Fiber Type Industry Standards
10
IP Traffic Growth " Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI):
Forecast and Methodology, 2010-2015" June 1, 2011
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
PB/Month
Mobile data Managed IP Fixed Internet
32% CAGR!
Worldwide Data Center Server Growth
Ethernet Fiber TransceiversLightCounting "Worldwide Sales of Optical Transceivers (Historical Data and Forecast)"
March 28, 2011
-
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
14,000,000
16,000,000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
100 G igE
40 G igE
10 G igE L RM total
10 G igE L X 4
10 G igE S R T otal
G igE F iber T otal
Fast E thernet
11
Evolution Of Short Reach Applications
10,000
1000
40,000
Data Rate (Mbps)
2010
Trends: LEDs Lasers (faster) OM1 OM4 (farther)
1
10
100
FDDI
1300 LED 62.5µm Ethernet
850 LED 62.5 µm
1985 1990 1995 2000
Fast Ethernet
1300 LED 62.5 µm
1 GbE
850 or 1300 Laser 50 OM2 50 OM3 50 OM4 62.5 OM1 SM
10 GbE
850 or 1300 Laser 50 OM3 50 OM4 SM
40/100 GbE 850 or 1300 Laser 50 OM3 50 OM4 SM
Worldwide Multimode Fiber Demand by Fiber Type
Ø IP traffic and server growth drive fiber demand Ø Virtualization increasing server usage and bandwidth demands Ø Servers requiring multiple Ethernet connections
• Bandwidth requirements • Redundancy
Ø 10Gbps server links drive 40Gbps uplinks
Worldwide Multimode Product Mix by Fiber Type (%)
Worldwide Multimode Fiber Demand by Region
Multimode Product Mix Worldwide and by Region
17
North American Multimode Cabling Market Trends
Source: Q3-2011 Burroughs Multimode Fiber Report
NAR Multimode Shipments
Source: Q3-2011 Burroughs Multimode Fiber Report
19 Source: Q3-2011 Burroughs Multimode Fiber Report
NAR Multimode Product Mix (%)
20
NAR Singlemode / Multimode Mix
Source: Q3-2011 Burroughs Multimode Fiber Report
NAR Multimode Sales by Cable Type
Source: Q3-2011 Burroughs Multimode Fiber Report
Applications Mapping
Application
Link Speed
1 Gb/s OM3 or OM4
10 Gb/s
40 Gb/s
100 Gb/s Link Distance 100m 150m 300m 550m 1000m >1000m
Cam
pus B
ackbone
OM4 OS1 or OS2 (recommended)
Building Backbone, Campus Backbone
OM4
Cam
pus B
ackbone
Large Data Center, Building Backbone
Very Large Data Center, Building Backbone
Data Center, Building Backbone
Standards Activities
Adrian Amezcua Product Manager North America - Optical Fiber
24
TR-42 Documents • Common Standards • Premises Standards • Component Standards • Related Standards
– FOTPs – Fiber Specifications
25
TR-42.1 Subcommittee on Generic Cabling and
Commercial Building Cabling
26
ANSI-TIA 568-C.0-2
• 568-C.0 Addendum 2 Default Ballot 1 results and comment reviewed in October – Revisions to application
tables • Allowed distance on OM4
– Debate on adding a Method D.
– Document will be issue for a second default ballot
27
TR-42.11 Subcommittee Optical Systems
28
ANSI-TIA 568 C.3-1
• TIA 568 C.3-1 Optical fiber cabling components standard.
• On December 1, 2011 the TIA Technology & Standards Secretariat published Addendum 1 – Addition of OM4 to tables – More on array Connectivity for 40G and 100G – Same color as OM3 cables (aqua)
29
TR-42.12 Subcommittee on Optical Fibers
And Cables
30
BIMMF update • Focus on backward compatibility
– Definition of core size and NA measurements • Group is considering two proposals
– Use of standard NA and CD measurements (with OFL) and apply a correction value to subtract the effect of leaky modes
– Use EF launch for measuring NA and CD
• Round robin between 2 fiber manufacturers showing good interoperability between BIMMF and regular MMF products
• No difference between regular and BIMMF was observed
• Presentation suggesting impact of leaky modes on EMBc; length dependence
• During the IEC plenary meeting in Melburne it was decided to re-start BIMMF activities in 86A/WG1
– Correspondence group under P. Pondillo (Corning). Plan is to coordinate activities with TIA.
Bend Insensitive MMF Task Force
31
IEC
32
IEC
• Working group on BIMMF restarted • IEC SC 46C has invited SC86A to form a new joint WG
about Hybrid Cables (copper + fibre). The growing market demand for this kind of cables in Data applications has led to the set up of this JWG. Also some requests are appearing to cover LV and MV cables including OF for FTTh deployment.
33
LAN
34
• The Maintenance Task Group operating under IEEE Project 802.3bh accepted to add OM4 fiber in 10GBASE-S for a distance of 400 m.
• The revision ballot of 802.3bn will re-circulate for final approval. • The distances for 10GFC on OM1, OM2 and OM3 are the same as those for
10GBASE-S. Thus the OM4 capability for 10GFC would follow suit.
OM4 OM3
IEEE 802.3 10GBASE-S over OM4 media
35
• IEEE considered worst case scenario: – VCSEL with broad spectral width 0.45nm – 840nm VCSEL wavelength – 4400MH.km BW@ 840nm – Connector loss of 1.5dB – Cable attenuation 3.5dB
Why 400m and not 550m?
System Margin (Uc=840nm, Uw = 0.30 nm, 4400 MHz.km)
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65
length (km)
Sysm
tem
Mar
gin
(dB)
3.5dB/km, 1.5 dB
3.0dB/km, 1.0 dB
Reach up to 550m is feasible
System Budget with narrow source, Uw=0.3nm, using IEEE model, central wavelength is 840nm and BW=4400MHz.km
550m possible with a subset of VCSELs
Organization Project Notes
IEEE 802.3 Next Generation 100Gb/s SG
• Multimode and Single mode
100Gb/s Backplane and Copper SG • Backplane, 25 Gb/s per
lane
Fiber Channel 32GFC
• 28.05 GBd • Multimode and sinlge
mode
Infiniband (IBTA) EDR
• 25.7 GB/s • Active & passive optical
& copper cables
Optical Networking Forum (OIF)
CEI-28G-VSR
• 19.9 to 28.05 GBd/lane Chip to Chip, Chip to Module
CEI-25G-LR and SR • 19.9 to 25.8 GBd/lane • Backplane
25G standards activity to support 2014/2015 products
38
32G Fiber Channel
Highlights of FCIA 32GFC standard – Serial and single-lane; 28.05Gbaud (2x 16GFC) – 100 meters on OM4; – 5 to 7 meters on copper – Less Watts/Port and ≤50% $/port of 40GE
(2014-2015 time frame) – Release on 2H 2012 – 2014 products ship
39
• 32GFC minimum reach of 100m on OM4 – Consider CDR, and probably EQ to offset VCSEL
properties
From T11 contribution 11-230v0
32GFC Reach Objective
40
• CFI in July formed Study Group, met in September and November
• Developing Five Criteria (justifications for project) – Technical Feasibility, Broad Market Potential,
Economic Feasibility, Distinct Identity, Compatibility
• Objectives (high-level requirements) – Easy objectives on compatibility and BER
already adopted – No reach objectives defined
• Project Authorization Request
IEEE Next Generation 100GE
41
• An adhoc was formed to look at MMF PMDs, two MMF interest groups: – Main transceiver makers
• 50 – 75 m w/o enhancements, VCSEL with low rise time, poor RIN
• Serves HPC lengths well, but doesn’t cover Data Centers distances
– Fiber manufacturers, cablers, switch vendors, IC makers • 100 – 150 m on OM4 with electronic enhancements (CDR, EQ,
FEC) • Overkill for HPC, better for Data Centers
– May lead to two MM reach objectives • AOCs have been proposed for short links • 100m on OM3 and 150m on OM4 offers seamless upgrade
from 40G
IEEE Next Generation 100GE MMF PMDs
42
• New low-cost 100GE-nR4 – Duplex SMF – Much lower cost to for Data Centers – Shorten reach (<1km) – Remove lane-rate-conversion, widen WDM to remove
TEC, Si or InP modulator PIC, long wave VCSEL, multi-level coding, FEC
• Support 100GE-LR4 for 10km apps – Transition to quad 25G DFB Laser PIC technology
• Support 100GE-ER4 for 40km apps
IEEE Next Generation 100GE SMF Proposal PMDs
Emerging Applications and Next Generation Multimode fibers
Ravi Yekula Corning Optical Fiber
44
North American market now majority 50 µm
Source: Burroughs Report
More 50 µm sales than 62.5 µm sales since 2008
Multimode Fiber Market Demand
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
55%
60%
65%
70%
75%
Q12005
Q22005
Q32005
Q42005
Q12006
Q22006
Q32006
Q42006
Q12007
Q22007
Q32007
Q42007
Q12008
Q22008
Q32008
Q42008
Q12009
Q22009
Q32009
Q42009
Q12010
Q22010
Q32010
Q42010
Q12011
Q22011
Q32011
50 µm62.5 µm
45
Laser-Optimized 50 µm continues to grow
Source: Burroughs Report OM3/OM4 has been majority of 50 µm since 2007
50 Micron Market Demand
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Q12005
Q22005
Q32005
Q42005
Q12006
Q22006
Q32006
Q42006
Q12007
Q22007
Q32007
Q42007
Q12008
Q22008
Q32008
Q42008
Q12009
Q22009
Q32009
Q42009
Q12010
Q22010
Q32010
Q42010
Q12011
Q22011
Q32011
OM2OM3/OM4
46
Lasers require new bandwidth measurement systems
OFL (Overfilled Launch) • Designed to predict performance of low-
speed LEDs, not lasers • Power distributed over 100% of the fiber
core, like LEDs • Perturbations in index profile undetected
EMB (Effective Modal Bandwidth) • DMD (Differential Mode Delay) based
measurement • minEMBc or DMD-mask
• Power distributed in a narrow region • Simulates an actual laser launch • More accurate indication of performance
in high-speed laser-based systems
Light Sources
(Typically 10 and 100 Mb/s)
(1, 2, 4, 8, 10 Gb/s and higher)
47
Tdelay
Fiber Core
Laser
Laser
Laser
Fiber Core
≈ 5µm
Laser
TSlow TFast
1 of 2 DMD-based standards compliant measurements Laser scanned across core BW defined by most delayed pulse
Laser
6 Masks Applied for OM3 (3 masks for OM4) Must only pass 1 mask to be OM3 (or OM4) compliant
1-2 µm
25%
DMD output is “Normalized”
Pass = OM3 (2000 MHz.km EMB) or OM4 (4700 MHz.km EMB) Fail = OM2 (< 2000 MHz.km EMB)
Characterization Methods DMD (differential mode delay) Mask
48
T delay
Fiber Core
Fiber Core
≈ 5µm TSlow TFast
1 of 2 DMD-based standards compliant measurements Laser scanned across core Ten weighting functions that simulate full range of laser output characteristics are used along with DMD test results to calculate EMBc BW defined by most delayed pulse
Different laser characteristics simulated “Hot outside” laser
Laser
“Mid-range” laser “Hot inside” laser
Laser
Laser
Laser
Laser
Laser Laser
Laser
Laser
Laser
Laser Laser
Laser
Laser
Laser
e.g. VCSEL #5 Bandwidth value = 3128 MHz.km
e.g. VCSEL #3 Bandwidth value = 2563 MHz.km
e.g. VCSEL #1 Bandwidth value = 2137 MHz.km = 2137 MHz.km
minEMBc Value
Note: BW values provided for illustrations purposes only, drawing not scale
Characterization Methods minEMBc (min Effective Modal BW – calc)
OM4 Standard Approved by International Standards Organizations
• OM4 is 50 µm fiber with higher effective modal bandwidth than OM3 – Extra bandwidth can be used for higher bit rates, longer link lengths or
increased margin for more connectivity
• Existing “OM” designations (per ISO/IEC 11801) are shown in the table below
• IEC proposal for OM4 will be harmonized with TIA
“OM”
Type
Core Diameter
(µm)
EMB (MHz.km)
OFL 850/1300 (MHz.km)
10 G Link Length
100 G Link
Length OM1 62.5 - 200/500 33 m - OM2 50 - 500/500 82 m - OM3 50 2000 1500/500 300 m 100 m OM4 50 4700 3500/500 550 m 150 m
50
• The standard supports 40 Gb/s over: – At least 10km on single-mode fiber – At least 100m on OM3 MMF – At least 150m on OM4 MMF – At least 7m over a copper cable assembly – At least 1m over a backplane
• The standard supports 100 Gb/s over: – At least 40km on single-mode fiber – At least 10km on single-mode fiber – At least 100m on OM3 MMF – At least 150m on OM4 MMF – At least 7m over a copper cable assembly
IEEE approves 40G/100G standard
OM3 100 meter distance allows for 1.5 dB of connector loss OM4 150 meter distance allows for 1.0 dB of connector loss
Parallel optics are preferred for multimode fiber objectives
40 Gb/s • 4 fibers x 10 Gb/s for transmit • 4 fibers x 10 Gb/s for receive
100 Gb/s • 10 fibers x 10 Gb/s for transmit • 10 fibers x 10 Gb/s for receive
Value proposition for OM4 depends on application
• Significant value for OM4 at 10G Ethernet • Little value for OM4 at 4G regardless of EMB value
– Dispersion limited because of broad spectral width
• 16G has tighter spectral width than 4G so value increases • Although 40G/100G is based on 10G arrays, looser specifications for 40G/
100G transceiver arrays significantly reduce the value
10G Ethernet 40/100G Ethernet 16 G Fibre Channel 4G Fibre Channel
System Operating Link Length vs Laser Bandwidth
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Laser Bandwidth EMB (MHz.km)
Link
leng
th (m
)
OM
4 B
enef
it
Applications
OM3 OM4
OM4 at 40G/100G extends cost effective MMF solution
• Objective of at least 100 m on OM3 covers ~ 70% of data center links
– Reducing connector loss to same level as OM4 allows OM3 to support 120 m
• Extending OM4 distance to 150 m with existing transceivers covers ~ 90% of data center links
• OM3 and OM4 fibers can support even longer distances, but transceiver spec change is required
Source: Corning Cable Systems
0 50 100 150 200 250 Cable Length (m)
Rel
ativ
e Fr
eque
ncy
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Cum
ulat
ive
Freq
uenc
y
Length Distribution Cumulative Frequency
Over time, MACs lead to mis-managed cabling resulting in: • Congestion in sub-floor space • Bend-induced attenuation • Restricted air flow • Negative impact on cooling efficiency
Moves, adds and changes (MACs) can cause a structured cabling system to look more like
a rat’s nest
Initial installations that follow bend radius guides and structured cabling paths don’t have to worry about signal loss due to inappropriate bends
However…
Standard OM3/OM4 fiber versus bend-insensitive OM3/OM4 fiber
ü Potentially up to 10x better bend performance than standard 50 µm fiber
ü High bandwidth OM3 and OM4 capability
ü Potentially improved optical performance
ü Compatible with installed base
ü May be spliced/connectorized with commercially available equipment
0.01
0.1
1
10
5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25
Bend Radius (mm)
Mac
robe
nd lo
ss
, 850
nm
, 2 tu
rns
(dB
)
Bend-Insensitive OM3/4 Fiber
Standard OM3/4 Fiber
Multimode Std IEC 60793-2-10
Multimode Std ITU – G.651.1
New Level of Bend Performance
Bend Radius 37.5 mm 15 mm 7.5 mm
Number of Turns 100 2 2
Max Induced Attn @ 850 nm 0.5 dB 1 dB
New level of bend performance @ 850 nm 0.05 dB 0.1 dB 0.2 dB
56
Fundamentals of macrobending in multimode fiber
• Multimode fiber has many modes of light traveling through the core
• As each of these modes moves closer to the edge of the core it is more likely to escape, especially if the fiber is bent
• In a traditional multimode fiber, as the bend radius is decreased, the amount of light that leaks out of the core can increase
Dissipation of energy
Core
Cladding
Bend-insensitive multimode fiber may prevent light from escaping
• A specially engineered optical trench may be used to trap the energy in the many modes which propagate within the fiber core
• Keeping the light in the core, even in the most challenging bending scenarios, may significantly reduce the bend-induced attenuation
Energy is confined inside the fiber Trench acts like barrier
58
Bend Insensitive multimode fiber helps networks be green
Size of “box” with conventional
50 µm fiber
Size of “box” with bend insensitive
50 µm fiber
Loss of A = Loss of B
Drawing To Scale Substitute bend-insensitive multimode fiber for conventional
50 µm fiber A B
If total energy costs are ~ $1M per year potentially:
2% reduction
Potential Benefits
• Better cooling/airflow
• Reduced energy usage
• Lower OPEX
• Smaller data center footprint
• Supports green data center
$20,000/yr savings
59
Bend Insensitive multimode fiber helps networks be green
Size of “box” with conventional
50 µm fiber
Size of “box” with bend insensitive
50 µm fiber
Loss of A = Loss of B
Drawing To Scale Substitute bend-insensitive multimode fiber for conventional
50 µm fiber A B
If total energy costs are ~ $1M per year potentially:
2% reduction
Potential Benefits
• Better cooling/airflow
• Reduced energy usage
• Lower OPEX
• Smaller data center footprint
• Supports green data center
$20,000/yr savings
Q&A
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