FIBER PROPERTIES & USES

SUBMITTED BY : HAFIZ SHOAIB HASAN  

SUBMITTED TO : IMRAN RAZA MALIK

TS-01(A)

1. COTTON FIBER

PROPERTIES OF COTTON FIBER: PROPERTIES EVALUATION Length ½ to 2 ½ inches Colour & Luster Colour of raw cotton varies from white to yellow and grey. Tenacity Dry 3 to 5 g/d

Wet 3.3 to 6 g/d Elastic Recovery Low Elongation 3 – 10 % Resiliency Low Density 1.54 g/cm3

Moisture Content 8.5 % Static build up Cotton does not face any static problem Resistance Against :

Acids Not resistant to acidAlkalis High resistant to alkaliSunlight Prolong exposure weakens fiberHeat Cotton is flammableFungus Can grow on cotton, especially in damp & warm surroundingsBacteria Bacteria in soil can also degrade cotton

USES OF COTTON FIBER

Cotton has a wide variety of uses, especially in the textile industry. The following are some of the most common uses of this product

Because of its high capacity to absorb, hold and dry moisture, cotton offers maximum comfort under extreme heat and humidity.

It is a fiber that “breathes”. Consumer prefers cotton for its comfort, laundrability, absorbency, ease finishing and dyeing.

A wide range of fabric construction methods can be employed including weaving, knitting as well as non woven techniques.

It is a preferred fabric for children & for anyone who has a sensitive skin and is allergic to other fibers, since it is non allergic.

Cotton is used universally for a variety of apparel (both inner and outer wear).

It finds extensive usage in home textiles i.e towel, pillow cover, bed spreads and table cloth etc.

The fiber also has industrial applications including medical & surgical.

After the cotton is removed from the seeds there are some fine fibers left attached to the seeds. These are called linters and when processed are known as viscose rayon.

The seed of the cotton plant also has some important uses. Firstly, it can be used to produce cottonseed oil, which is a popular vegetable oil for cooking. The remains can be used as feed for cattle and other animals.

Cotton is also used to create fishing nets, tents and cotton paper. Cotton paper is used to create banknotes and high quality art paper.

Blending of cotton fiber can be done at the fiber, yarn or fabric stage.

2. LINEN FIBER

PROPERTIES OF LINEN FIBER

PROPERTIES EVALUATION Length 5 to 12 inches and diameter is from 12 to 16 micrometer Colour & Luster Colour of flax varies from white to Grey.

. Tenacity Dry 5.5 to 6.5 g/d. It is 20% stronger when wet. Elastic Recovery Low Elongation Low Resiliency Low Density 1.5 g/cm3

Moisture Content 12 % Static build up Flax does not face any static problem Resistance Against :

Acids Not resistant to concentrated acidAlkalis High resistant to alkaliSunlight Prolong exposure weakens fiberHeat Flax is flammableFungus Can grow on flax, especially in damp & warm surroundingsBacteria Bacteria in soil can also degrade flax

Uses Of Linen Fiber

Linen is knowing for its high luster and good moisture absorbant.

Linen is used in apparel, particularly in women clothing.

As one of the leading fashion fabric, linen linen is being used by almost every designer.

The fact that it is cool in summer, extremely durable and becomes better with age. Defence forces use linen fabrics to make water bottles and water storage tanks that

can be folded up and carried to remote locations like deserts and hill areas.

3. JUTE FIBER

PROPERTIES OF JUTE FIBER

PROPERTIES EVALUATION Length 5 to 10 feet and its diameter is irregular Colour Colour of jute varies from yellow to brown.

Tenacity It has moderate dry strength but low wet strength. Elastic Recovery Low Elongation Relatively inelastic Resiliency Low Density 1.5 g/cm3

Moisture Content 13.7 % Static build up Jute does not face any static problem Resistance Against :

Acids Not resistant to concentrated acidAlkalis High resistant to alkaliSunlight It does not effect juteHeat Jute burns readilyInsects It has good resistance against insects and microorganism

USES OF JUTE FIBER

Major end uses of jute include bagging, carpeting, furnishing fabrics, handicrafts, wall hanging, show pieces, shoes, paper industry and furniture construction.

As a carpet backing, jute adds stability and reduces slippage.

However amount of jute used for carpets is decreasing as man-made fibers are taking its place.

The natural resistance of jute to chemicals, including detergents, bleaches; other laundry aids and dry cleaning solvents provide a fabric that is easily maintained.

Further these properties like resistance to sunlight and resistance to aging results in fabrics with a long life.

Jutes are also used as handicraft gifts and novelty items.

4. WOOL FIBER

PROPERTIES OF WOOL FIBER

PROPERTIES EVALUATION Length   1.5 to 6 in (38 to 152 mm) in length Colour Colour of Wool fiber is White, Brown And Black

Tenacity Dry 1 to 1.7 g/d Wet 0.8 to 1.6 g/d

Elastic Recovery Good Elongation Standard 25%-30% & 25%-50% in wet condition Resiliency Excellent Density 1.3-1.32 g/cm3

Moisture Content 16-18 % Resistance Against :

Acids Resistant to concentrated acidAlkalis Strong alkali effect but weak alkaline does not effect woolSunlight It effect wool Heat Wool becomes weak for heatInsects Wool Affected by insects

USES OF WOOL FIBER

Wool fabric is used for all kinds of clothing, couch covers, bedspreads, toilet covers, tablecloths, etc.

People who can sew use wool fabric for most of their creations because it is sold by the yard and is available in most craft stores.

Wool fabric has been used for centuries. Greek soldiers used wool felt to add comfort to their helmets.

Villagers used wool to make clothing and bags for traveling. 5)Wool can be used to make clothing, rugs, audio speaker coverings, and much more.

Wool can be used to make sweaters and jerseys.

Bedding and blankets are also created using wool or a blend of different fabrics that includes wool. Wool can keep heat from escaping because it is denser than other fabrics.

Wool fabric is also used to line boxes, shelving, and other surfaces that need to be softer so that items are placed on top of or inside of will not break.

Wool is a multifunctional fiber with a range of diameters that make it suitable for clothing, household fabrics and technical textiles.

Two thirds of wool is used in the manufacture of garments, including sweaters, dresses, coats, suits and "active sportswear".

Its ability to absorb and release moisture makes woolen garments comfortable as well as warm.

5. SILK FIBER

PROPERTIES OF SILK FIBER

PROPERTIES EVALUATION Length   300 to 1500m in length Colour Colour of Silk fiber is yellow, brown, green & grey

Tenacity 3.5-5 gm/den Elastic Recovery Not so Good Elongation 20%-25% Resiliency Excellent Density 1.25-1.35 g/cm3

Moisture Content 11% but can absorb up to 35% Resistance Against :

Acids Resistant to strong acidAlkalis Less readily damaged by alkalisSunlight Sun light tends to encourage the decomposition of silkHeat Silk decomposes at 175%Insects Insects does not affect silk

USES OF SILK FIBER

Silk is mainly used in the manufacture of clothing such as dresses, ties, shirts, trousers, pajamas, underwear and folk costumes.

It is also used in skiing garments because of its ability to keep body warmth contained and because it is lightweight.

Silk is also used to make silk comforter or duvets which are lightweight and hypoallergenic.

It is also used as fabric for upholstery, curtains, rugs and bedding such as sheets.

Silk is sometimes used in the construction of parachute materials and cords, though it is more common for parachutes to be made from nylon.

Silk thread is used as a non-absorbable surgery sutures.

6. POLYESTER FIBER

PROPERTIES OF POLYESTER FIBER

PROPERTIES EVALUATION Length   38mm in length Colour Colour of polyester fiber is white Tenacity 5-7 gm/den Elastic Recovery Not so Good Elongation 15%-30% Resiliency Excellent Density 1.38 g/cm3

Moisture Content 0.40% Resistance Against :

Acids Good resistant to acid in cold conditionAlkalis Good resistant to alkalis in cold conditionSunlight GoodHeat It melts at 250cInsects Good

USES OF POLYESTER FIBER Polyester fibers are widely used in textile industry for making a variety of textiles such as sarees,

dress materials, curtains, etc. They are also blended with natural fibers such as cotton and wool.

Polyester is used for making sails of sailboats.

Polyester is also used as Mylar, in the preparation of films, magnetic recording tapes, etc.

Polyester is used for making water hoses for firefighting.

Industrial polyester fibers, yarns and ropes are used in tyre strengthening process

Polyester fabrics used for conveyor belts, safety belts, coated fabrics and plastic supporting with high-energy absorption.

Cure polyesters can be sanded and polished to a high-luster, durable finishing.

Polyester fibers are mainly resistant to brightness and climatic conditions and can endure geographical effects.

7.ACRYLIC FIBER

PROPERTIES OF ACRYLIC FIBER

PROPERTIES EVALUATION Length   38mm in length Colour Colour of polyester fiber is white Tenacity 5 gm/den Elastic Recovery Not so Good Elongation 15% Resiliency Excellent Density 1.17 g/cm3

Moisture Content 1.5-2% Resistance Against :

Acids Good resistanceAlkalis Good resistant to alkalis in cold conditionSunlight GoodHeat It melts above 175cInsects Do not attack

Uses Of Acrylic Fiber

It is used for making Sweaters, socks, fleece wear, circular knit apparel, sportswear and children's wear

It is used in making Carpet, blankets, area rugs, upholstery, pile fabrics 

Its wide uses make it suitable for making Car tops, boat covers, awnings, outdoor furniture

It is used in Filtration materials, reinforcement materials in construction, car batteries.

Used in making Felts for Paper Making

Also used in Auxiliary Tapes for Bags, Braids, Cloth for Bags, Wigs, etc.

It is used in Filter Cloth, Alternative Asbestos, Tents, Sheet, etc.

8.NYLON FIBER

PROPERTIES OF NYLON FIBER

PROPERTIES EVALUATION  

Colour Colour of nylon fiber is white & grey white

Tenacity Dry 4.9 g/d Wet 90% of dry

Elastic Recovery Not so Good Elongation 20-50% Resiliency Excellent Density 1.14 g/cm3

Moisture Content 3.3-5% Resistance Against :

Acids Decomposed by cold concentrated mineral acids Alkalis Inert to alkalis Sunlight More resistant to sunlight than most other fibers.Heat Heat conductivity of the nylon vary depending upon the fabric

construction,Insects Does not affect.

USES OF NYLON FIBER

Nylon is used for making plastic machine parts as it is low cost and long lasting.

It is often commonly used in the electronics industry for its non-conductivity and heat resistance. 

It is used for screws, bolts, washers and nuts as well as circuit board hardware.  Parts made of nylon are often used in mechanisms that rotate or slide due its low coefficient of friction.

It is used to make bearings for the appliance industry because of its excellent abrasion resistance

Nylon is used in cookware since it has a relatively high continuous service temperature. These include spatulas, slotted spoons, turners, forks, tongs, brushes.

Nylon is used in making book bags, back packs, flak jackets.

Nylon fibers are used in textiles, fishing line and carpets. Nylon films is used for food packaging.

Polyamide 6 is used in large applications in sport, such as ski bindings and in-line skates.