Fiber Optics (or optical fibre) is a flexible, transparent fiber made of extruded glass (silica) or plastic, slightly thicker than a human hair. It can function as a  “light pipe”, to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber

Why Fiber Optics is Preferred?

What is Fiber Optics

Why Fiber Optics is Preferred ?

Fiber optics can transmit the data with Higher Bandwidth at Higher speeds with in the networks for a LONG DISTANCES.

The reason is there is no distortion of Light signals while transferring the data, hence low losses and more efficiency.

About Fiber Optic cableAbout Fiber Optic cable

plastic jacketglass or plasticcladdingfiber core

TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION

Details of Fiber Optics

If you look closely at a single optical fiber, If you look closely at a single optical fiber, you will see that it has the following parts: you will see that it has the following parts:

CoreCore - Thin glass center of the fiber where the - Thin glass center of the fiber where the light travels light travels

CladdingCladding - Outer optical material surrounding - Outer optical material surrounding the core that reflects the light back into the the core that reflects the light back into the core core

Buffer coatingBuffer coating - Plastic coating that protects - Plastic coating that protects the fiber from damage and moisture the fiber from damage and moisture

Total Internal Reflection

Refraction is the changing direction of light when it goes into a

material of different density.

The critical angle is the angle of incidence that will produce a 900

angle of refraction.

Material 1 is more dense than material 2, so n1 is greater than n2.

n1n1 n1

n2n2n2

Total Internal Reflection contd..

Shaper Decoder

Photocell or light

detector

Amplifier

Original voice or video

Coder and Converter

Light Source Transmitter

Pulses

Information Input (Voice

or video)

Digital data from computer

Fiber Optic cable

Light ON/OFF at rapid rate

Pulses

Digital data to computer

How Fiber Optics transmit data

– Single Mode Fiber.– It uses a laser-diode arrangement to transmit the light signal.– It uses a single ray of light in the transmission process.– It can be used for longer fiber runs (it can traverse up to 40 km without a

repeater).

– Multi Mode Fiber.– It uses an infrared LED system to transmit the light signal.– It uses multiple rays of light (more signals down the path).– It is used for shorter fiber runs (under 2 km).– It is less expensive to implement than SMF.– The most common application in networking utilizes MMF 62.5/125µm

cables, with a maximum distance of 275 m.

Types of FiOs

Wavelength-Division Multiplexing

FiOs Advantages

FiOs Disadvantages

Did you know?12

• A small optical fiber can carry more data than a large copper cable.

• It is a unidirectional technology.

Areas of Application

Telecommunications Local Area Networks Cable TV CCTV Optical Fiber Sensors

Optical Network Architecture

Active Optical Network (AON)

Passive Optical Network (PON)

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Fiber To The x in PON/AON

Active Optical Network (AON)

AONs rely on electrically powered network equipment to distribute the signal, such as a switch or router. Normally, signals need optical-electrical-optical transformation in the AON. Each signal leaving the central office is directed only to the customer for whom it is intended.

Passive Optical Network (PON)

A passive optical network (PON) is a telecommunications network that uses point-to-multipoint fiber to the premises in which unpowered optical splitters are used to enable a single optical fiberto serve multiple premises.

Fiber to the x in PON

Evaluation of Access Line Rates

Questions ???