fiber optic recent trends

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Fiber optic and its recent trends 1

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Page 1: FIBER OPTIC RECENT TRENDS

Fiber optic and its recent trends

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Page 2: FIBER OPTIC RECENT TRENDS

GROUOP MEMBERS

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NAME ID

Shoshi deb sarkar 143-15-4336

S.M. Abu Baser 143-15-4314

Md. Araf Bin Afzal Antor 142-15-3607

Md. Nafiur Rahman Hridoy  143-15-4363

Page 3: FIBER OPTIC RECENT TRENDS

An optical fiber is a hair thin cylindrical fiber of glass or any transparent dielectric medium.

The fiber which are used for optical communication are wave guides made of transparent dielectrics.

Its function is to guide visible and infrared light over

long distances.

WHAT IS FIBER OPTIC ?

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Page 4: FIBER OPTIC RECENT TRENDS

EVOLUTION OF FIBER OPTIC

1880 – Alexander Graham Bell 1930 – Patents on tubing 1950 – Patent for two-layer glass wave-guide 1960 – Laser first used as light source 1965 – High loss of light discovered 1970s – Refining of manufacturing process 1980s – OF technology becomes backbone of long distance telephone

networks in NA.

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Page 5: FIBER OPTIC RECENT TRENDS

STRUCTURE OF FIBER OPTIC

Core – central tube of very thin size made up of optically transparent dielectric medium and carries the light form transmitter to receiver. The core diameter can vary from about 5um to 100 um.

Cladding – outer optical material surrounding the core having reflecting index lower than core. It helps to keep the light within the core throughout the phenomena of total internal reflection.

Buffer Coating – plastic coating that protects the fiber made of silicon rubber. The typical

diameter of fiber after coating is 250-300 um.

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Page 6: FIBER OPTIC RECENT TRENDS

CLASSIFICATION OF OPTICAL FIBER

Optical fiber is classified into two categories based on :-1) The number of modes, and2) The refractive index On the basis of number of modes:-

(i) Single mode fiber (SMF) and(ii) Multi-mode fiber (MMF)On the basis of Refractive index(i) Step-index optical fiber (ii) Graded-index optical fiber

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Page 7: FIBER OPTIC RECENT TRENDS

CLASSIFICATION OF OPTICAL FIBER

On the basis of number of modes:-Single-mode fibers in single mode fiber only one mode can propagate through the fiber. This type of fiber has small core diameter(5um) The light is passed through the single mode fiber through laser diode. Multi-mode fiber Multi mode fiber allows a large number of modes for the light ray travelling through it. The core diameter is (40um) The relative refractive index difference is also larger than single mode fiber.On the basis of Refractive indexStep index fiber The refractive index of core is constant The refractive index of cladding is also constantGraded Index fiber In this type of fiber core has a non uniform refractive index The cladding has a uniform refractive index.

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Page 8: FIBER OPTIC RECENT TRENDS

HOW IS FIBER OPTICS USED? Communications/Signal Transport• Wired and Optical Wireless• Digital Links, Data Bus, Network• RF Photonics Sensors• Intrinsic (All Fiber) - Bragg Gratings, Smart Structures• Extrinsic (Hybrid) – Rotary Encoder, Fiber Optic Gyro Light and Image Transmission• Illumination – spot lighting, medical• Imaging Optics – borescopes surgery• Laser Cutting & Marking – surgery, industrial fabrication

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Page 9: FIBER OPTIC RECENT TRENDS

RECENT TRENDS OF FIBER OPTICTelecommunications Trends What is most important fiber attribute in telecom?• Fiber offers the lowest TCO for long haul transmission• Highest bandwidth over long distances• Upgradable for increasing data rates• TCO of Fiber and Copper equipment is near-parity but thehigh cost of Fiber To The Premises (FTTP) constructionfavors new housing over existing housing.

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Page 10: FIBER OPTIC RECENT TRENDS

RECENT TRENDS OF FIBER OPTIC

Internet Traffic is ever increasing

… and new Network Equipmentis becoming internally moreOptical to keep pace!

March 2010Ten Most Important Trends of the Next Decade#3. Bandwidth Is The New Black Gold

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Page 11: FIBER OPTIC RECENT TRENDS

RECENT TRENDS OF FIBER OPTIC

Fiber Optic Cable Growth

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Page 12: FIBER OPTIC RECENT TRENDS

ADVANCEMENTS IN OPTICAL CABLES

First generation used Ga As semiconductor lasers, operated at a wavelength of 0.8 μm

Second generation Used In Ga As P semi-conductor lasers, operated at a wavelength of 1.3 μm

Third generation operating at a wavelength of 1.55 μm

Fourth generation made use of optical amplifiers replacing repeaters, utilized wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to increase data rates

Fifth generation uses Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM) 12

Page 13: FIBER OPTIC RECENT TRENDS

IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASS FIBER DESIGN Various impurities are added or removed from the glass

fiber to change its light transmitting characteristics. The result is that the speed with which light passes

along a glass fiber can be controlled. This trend is to be continued in the future, to produce more reliable and effective glass fibers.

The miniaturization of optical fiber communication components is another trend that is most likely to continue in the future.

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Page 14: FIBER OPTIC RECENT TRENDS

CONCLUSION

The fiber optics communications industry is an ever evolving one, the growth experienced by the industry has been enormous and there is still much work to be done to support the need for faster data rates, advanced switching techniques and more intelligent network architectures that can automatically change in response to traffic patterns and at the same time be cost efficient.

The trend is expected to continue in the future leading to a new generation in fiber optics communications.

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Page 16: FIBER OPTIC RECENT TRENDS

THANK YOU

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