feudalisms compared: medieval japan and … · knights - samurai fief - shugo. great lords daimyo
TRANSCRIPT
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FEUDALISMS
COMPARED:
MEDIEVAL JAPAN
AND WESTERN
EUROPE
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WHAT IS FEUDALISM?
Political and economic system in
Medieval Western Europe, Zhou
China, and Shogunate Japan
whereby a lord grants lands and
protection to a vassal in exchange
for loyalty, military service.
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TERMS:
LORD, VASSAL, FIEF
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PAST INFLUENCES
FEUDAL EUROPE
Christianity
Classical Rome
German Heritage
JAPAN
Imperial China
Confucianism
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RISE OF FEUDALISMIn Europe:
External invasions; ineffectiveness,
lack of national, centralized authority;
arose prior to 1000 CE; dead by 1500 CE
In Japan:Isolation of emperor, his family in capital;
Rivalries between Court nobility, provincial
lords and clans; arose around 1100 CE,
died with Meiji Restoration in 1867 CE
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POLITICAL STRUCTURES
In Europe:
Multiple states, fragmented;
decentralized, competing
political entities; multiple loyalties
In Japan:
Centralized, military dictatorship;
no overlapping, multiple loyalties
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FEUDAL JAPAN
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FEUDAL STATESFRANCE
H.R. EMPIRE
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FEUDAL
SOCIETYSocial hierarchy based on noble
aristocracy, land ownership, birth;
social divisions based on types of
labor, gender; society
largely rural with few
cities; 3 major classes
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THOSE WHO FIGHTFeudalism was a local military
solution to a national political
reality. Warriors had to
furnish weapons, horses
Lord - Daimyo
Knights - Samurai
Fief - Shugo
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GREAT LORDS
DAIMYO
• Local administration
• Local justice, taxes
• Feudal armies, castles
• Constant warfare
• Hereditary nobles
• Independent realms
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CODES OF CONDUCTBushido and Chivalry
Samurai means servant;
bushido means Way of
the Warrior; be loyal, fight,
die for lord; koku payment
Chivalry derived
from Cheval (horse)
- knights furnished own
horse, armor; paid; defend women,
church, poor, fight as last resort
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THOSE WHO PRAYJAPAN
Numerous faiths: Buddhism, Shinto, Confucianism
Zen Buddhism became samurai favorite
Clergy, faith only had limited influence
FEUDAL EUROPEAge of Faith: Church, Pope paramount
Church owns land, part of government
Church administers education, social welfare
Church leadership open to all classes, women
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THOSE WHO WORKJAPAN
Peasants produce food
Possessed some rights to land
Villages self-governing
Protected by daimyo, samurai
FEUDAL EUROPESerfs = lowest class
1/3 to 1/5 of produce to lord
Few rights, often did not own land
Often used as soldiers
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GENDER ROLES
FEUDAL EUROPE
Aristocratic women isolated,
marginalize in roles. If woman
managed land, became nun, acquired rights.
JAPAN
Aristocratic women were more equal
to husbands; owned land without male
interference; could inherit, sue;
samurai women encouraged to fight.
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ECONOMICS
BOTHAgriculture dominant
Not monetarized economies
ManorialismSelf-sufficient
Serfs
Wheat
ShoenShoen traded
Peasants
Rice
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THOSE OUTSIDETowns, Merchant, Artisans:
In Europe, became wealthy and
influential - defied the system. In
Japan, considered lowest class -
gained some influence under
Tokugawa Shoguns
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URBAN LIFEJAPAN
Castle towns
Guilds
FEUDAL EUROPEFree cities, leagues
Merchants, guilds
Town charters
Learning centers
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DIFFERENCESJAPAN
Emperor, Shogun
Centralized feudalism
Religion not in government
Group loyalty
FEUDAL EUROPEThe Pope, the Papacy
Shared common faith
Feudal contract(s)
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DIFFERENT ENDS
EUROPEMonarchs asserted authority: taxes, weapons
Commerce, middle class ended feudalism
Fratricidal warfare decimated aristocracy
Charters, advisory parliaments expanded
JAPANFeudalism ended voluntarily
Feudalism remained strong throughout
Ended as a result of West, Meiji Restoration
Samurai, culture absorbed into mainstream
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LINKS
Internet Medieval Sourcebookwww.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook.html
Internet East Asia History Sourcebookwww.fordham.edu/halsall/eastasia/eastasiasbook.html
Knight/Samurai - Lord/Daimyowww.smith.edu/fcceas/curriculum/berkwood.htm
Comparative Feudalism Projecthttp://www.ccsd.edu/south/social/feudalism.html