Chapter 5Week 25

Ms Rocky’sGrade 7 History

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1) Charlemagne & Feudal Society2) Knights & Feudal Society3) Relationship of Lords & Vassals4) The Feudal Contract5) Nobility6) Castles7) Evolution of the Castle8) Review & Project

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Section 1:

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After the fall of the Roman Empire Western Europe had no countries Numerous tribes fought for domination over

territories No central governments or national armies

Frankish tribes established control over vast areas

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One Frankish King, Charlemagne ruled a large chunk of Europe From northern

Spain and Italy through France, Germany and Poland

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Charlemagne (2 April 742 or 747 – 28 January 814)

Also known as Charles the Great

Son of King Pippin the Short and Bertrada of Laon

King of the Franks from 768 to 814 & King of the Lombards from 774 to 814

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Is today regarded as the founding father of both France and Germany

The first truly imperial power in the West since the fall of Rome

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Crowned Imperator Augustus in Rome on Christmas Day, 800 by Pope Leo III

•Is regarded as the founder of the Holy Roman Empire

Charlemagne Documentary

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To control such a large territory, Charlemagne instituted a feudal system of government

In feudalism, the King owned all of the land

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The King granted fiefs (portions of land)

… to Nobles (Lords or Barons) in return for loyalty, protection and service

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The King could also grant fiefs to vassals (Knights) in exchange for military service

Many Knights were professional warriors who served in a Lord's army The Lord provided the

Knight with: lodging, food, armor,

weapons, horses & money11

Allowed large territories to be governed in the absence of a central government

Each lord or vassal raised an army To defend his fief To serve the King as needed

The Nobles were very powerful because they controlled the armies Often warred amongst themselves over

territories

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Medieval Europe: Feudalism

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What is Feudalism?

Section 2:

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Almost all Nobles were Knights Training began at age 7, as a page,

under the guidance of the Lady of the Manor

Became squires at age 15 and were trained by other Knights

Those deemed worthy were “dubbed” Knights

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The Black Knight

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What is a Knight?

Offered a means to advance within society Military service & Knighthood

Knights were members of the gentry Held a place in society above the peasants Weren't necessarily members of the noble

ruling classes or royalty Knighthood was not an inherited position --

it had to be earned17

A Man Can Change His Stars

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Medieval Europe: Knights

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What is a Knight?

Section 3:

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The Annoying Peasant

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A HUGE part of the political and social structure of the feudal system

Vassals had certain duties to perform for the Lord

All Nobles were ultimately vassals of the King

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There were two groups of peasant workers on the manor Freemen- skilled workers who paid rent and could leave

the manor whenever they wished. usually had a skill needed by others on the manor

Serfs – workers bound to the land by contract with the Nobles

no freedom were the Noble’s property

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Medieval Europe: A Life of Treachery

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Serfs Farmed the land Provided the vassal or Lord with wealth

Food Products

Bound to the land In the vassal's interest to protect them

Fiefs -- and the obligation to serve the king -- were inherited by the eldest son of the ruling Nobleman

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Medieval Europe: Serfs

Section 4:

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LORDS

VASSALS

GIVEPROTECTION TO

GIVE SERVICE TO

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SERFS AND FREEMEN

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LESSER NOBLES(KNIGHTS)

LABOR PROTECTION

SERFS AND FREEMEN

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LESSER NOBLES(KNIGHTS)

LABOR PROTECTION

POWERFULNOBLES

SERFS AND FREEMEN

LAND ANDPROTECTION

LOYALTY ANDMILITARY SERVICE

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LESSER NOBLES(KNIGHTS)

LABOR PROTECTION

POWERFULNOBLES

KING

SERFS AND FREEMEN

LAND ANDPROTECTION

LANDLOYALTY ANDSERVICE

LOYALTY ANDMILITARY SERVICE

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The World is divided into 4 parts called the Four Alls and was “fixed by God”:

“the peasants who worked for all,

Priests who prayed for all,

Knights who fought for all,

And Kings who ruled all.”

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Section 5 :

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"I Dub Thee...."

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Medieval nobility origin: knights or a mounted warriors who swore allegiance to their sovereign and promised to fight for him in exchange for an allocation of lands

European nobility: the highest ranking citizens of a country besides the royal family

Anyone who had been summoned to Parliament

Usually they were the owners of a vassalage

Although titles were given different names in different countries, the system of ranking the nobility is pretty much the same throughout Europe

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Nobility were part of the Aristocracy

an upper or ruling class

Knights were members of the gentry

class below the Nobility

Held a place in society above the peasants / serfs

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Emperor / Empress An emperor (from the Latin “imperator”) is a monarch, usually

the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. In medieval times title was used in Holy Roman Empire. Currently, the Emperor of Japan is the only Monarch who has the title of Emperor.

King / Queen A King is the second highest sovereign title, only looking up to an

emperor. King is head of state called a Kingdom or a realm. Prince / Princess

Prince, from French “Prince” (itself from the Latin root princeps), is a general term for a monarch, for a member of a Monarchs’ or former Monarch’s family, and is a hereditary title in some members of Europe’s highest Nobility.

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Duke / Duchess Duke’s lands are called a duchy The closest and highest ranking peers of the King Usually relatives of a sovereign family

Marquess / Marchioness The ruler of a frontier area called a mark or march Responsible for defense of border lands Had more men at arms than other nobles

Earl (Count) / Countess Often an honorary title given by a Monarch Could also be given as a title with no feudal estate Counts who were granted land, were usually given a small area

called a county or countship Not a hereditary title however those counts with extensive

estates were occasionally able to pass down their lands to their sons

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Viscount / Viscountess Viscount was the deputy of a Count The equivalent of Sheriffs & appointed by the Monarch The title eventually became hereditary

Baron / Baroness Held a Barony granted to him directly from the Monarch Originally anyone who was given land from the King for military service Created either by letters patent or by a writ of summons that invited someone to

Parliament Baronet / Baronetess

A title usually given to a commoner A hereditary honor Unlike other titles within the Nobility a Baronet is not entitled to a seat in Parliament Not considered an order of Knighthood but ranks above all Knightly orders except the

Order of the Garter and the Order of the Thistle Knight

Esquire Originally squire – an assistant of knight (shield bearer), eldest son of knight or sons of peers

Gentleman A man with an income, independently wealthy and did not need to work Someone who could not claim nobility or even the rank of esquire

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The Monarch, followed by other members of the Royal FamilyThe Archbishop of CanterburyThe Lord ChancellorThe Archbishop of YorkThe Prime MinisterThe Lord President of the Privy CouncilThe Speaker of the House of CommonsThe Lord Speaker of the House of LordsThe Lord Privy SealThe Nobility in the following order:DukesMarquessesEarlsViscountsBishops of the Church of EnglandBaronsKnights of the Order of the GarterKnight (or Dame) Grand CrossKnight (or Dame) Commander of the British Empire

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The Nobility: Castle Homes

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Nobility

Section 6 :

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Originated as housing for military forces Evolved into residences for Nobles Designed for defense

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Had to Provide centralized protection for those under the protection of the Noble

Stone castles were built: For Stability To symbolize the power of the Lords of the Kingdom For Protection

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Even if the King did not order a particular castle to be built for his use, he still retained the ability to seize any of his Lords'

Designs of castles improved over time to keep up with improvements in siege technology to provide necessities for living

sanitation fresh water cooking areas

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Functional and modern design became especially important when the castle was under siege

Outer defenses Moat Walls (inner and outer) Towers (inner and outer) Gatehouses, drawbridges and

barbicans Inner defenses Baileys or wards Living quarters and support

buildings Keeps Great halls Chapels Stables Wells Workshops

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Section 7:

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Iron Age Hill-forts Rocky outcrops Steep slopes and

ditches Roman rectangular

forts Re-used by later

Britains

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Early Norman Castles - before Norman Conquest

Roughly circular enclosure (bailey) Defensive walls (palisades) and ditches Central stronghold (keep) for added defense

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Norman Castles - after Norman Conquest

Central stronghold (keep) raised on mound (moat)

Extra ditches around moat

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Norman keeps Also known as a donjon,

a French word Dungeon = small room

used as a prison

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An inner and outer wall Inner walls higher than

outer walls Multiple gatehouses Effectively two castles:

Outer wall with a gatehouse as in an ordinary castle

One or more inner walls with one or more gatehouses. 57

I Postern A small gate from which

the castle's occupants could escape in an emergency

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A Outer Gatehouse Main entrance Drawbridge Wooden gates Portcullis

B Outer Bailey Space for

workshops etc.

C Outer Wall

D Inner Wall

H Keep Noble’s residence

G Moat

F Inner Bailey

E Inner Gatehouse Fortified access to the inner bailey

Bailey (Inner & Outer) Gatehouse (Inner & Outer) Wall (Inner & Outer) Keep Moat (Motte) Postern Towers Drawbridge Dungeon

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Courtyard The open area with the curtain

walls of a castle. Battlements:

the structures at the tops of the walls surrounding a castle

also referred to as crenellations Rampart: access to battlements Parapet: an elevation raised

above the main wall or rampart of a permanent fortification.

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Barbican defensive element that protected an

entrance to the castle narrow passage that allowed a limited

number of attackers access to a gate, forcing them into a confined area where they could be shot at by defenders

Early barbicans built from earthworks were designed to add complexity to the layout of the entrance to confuse attackers.

Curtain Wall the outer wall of a castle Technically it means the sections of wall

between the towers, but generally it refers to the entire wall including the towers

Gatehouse the main entrance to the castle consisted of a stone-built building with a

central entrance guarded either by a bridge, gates, portcullis or combination of these

Palisade Usually a wooden fence erected around

the edge of a bailey or at the top of a moat

Portcullis a large wooden gate that was lowered

through slots in the gatehouse to defend the entrance to the castle

Tilting Yard where jousting tournaments and

combats took place Well

meant survival for the inhabitants of the castle in the time of sieges even if they had little food

Section 8:

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A Short Medieval Summary

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Medieval Life

1) Everyone owed loyalty to the ________

2) _______ were really the most powerful. They got _______ from the king.

3) Lesser nobles (knights) gave _________ _________ in return for land

4) _______ were bound to the land. They worked in return for ____________.

5) __________ were skilled workers. They paid rent to the ______ and were free to move if they wanted to.

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Let’s see how much you remember!

1) Everyone owed loyalty to the King.2) Nobles were really the most

powerful. They got land from the King.

3) Lesser nobles (Knights) gave military service in return for land.

4) Serfs were bound to the land. They worked in return for protection.

5) Freemen were skilled workers. They paid rent to the nobles and were free to move if they wanted to.

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Get in pairs. Share 1 computer in the lab. Begin at the Class Project Prompt Page and choose

1 topic to give a brief but complete explanation of to the class.

YOU HAVE ONE CLASS PERIOD TO COMPILE YOUR INFORMATION.

Choose 3 images relating to your topic to show the class

Be able to answer the “5-W’s” about your topic.

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YOU HAVE ONE CLASS PERIOD TO COMPILE YOUR INFORMATION.

Choose 3 images relating to your topic to show the class. Place images into a PowerPoint on a JumpDrive Your PP should have 5 slides:

1. Topic2. 3 Image slides3. A Citation Slide (both images & info)

Be able to answer the “5-W’s” about your topic.

Both of you must speak in front of the class.67

In Class Castle Project Prompt Page

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THE ENDH

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