fertilizer technology - li 2012v3

8/10/2019 Fertilizer Technology - Li 2012v3

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FERTILIZER TECHNOLOGY UPDATE- New Fertilizer products

Yuncong Li

TREC-Homestead

Apopka, FL, February 29, 2012


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Outline Problems with fertilizer production and use

Nano fertilizers

Slow release fertilizers

Liquid fertilizers

Bio-fertilizers/organic fertilizer

Zero-P fertilizers/dry granular fertilizers

Magical/mysterious products


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Problems with fertilizer

production and use:

Total use & price are continuously

increasing

Use efficiency is still low

Pressure is coming from

regulation/environmental concerns


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Fertilizer Prices

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

1995

July

1996

July

1997

July

1998

July

1999

July

2000

July

2001

July

2002

July

2003

July

2004

July

2005

July

2006

July

2007

July

2008

July

1990-1992

=

100

Source: National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA.

Increase of 356 percent

Jan. 2000 - Sep/Oct. 2008


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Input Prices Index Paid by Farmers 2005-2008

(1990-92=100)

216

164 168 165

117 123

345310

137

173

237

184185198

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Fuels Fertilizer Seeds Farm

Machinery

Wage Rates Feed Ag.

Chemicals

Source: Economic Research Service/USDA

2005 2008


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The Fertilizer Institute: Increase global demands:

11%N, 13%P, 17%K (2001-2006)

Ethanol production needs morefertilizers

High transportation costs

Values of US Dollar falls


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Source: Fertecon, PotashCorp

-5

5

15

25

35

45

99/00 00/01 01/02 02/03 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09F

World Fertilizer Consumption Growth

Cumulative Growth % YOY

Increasing Global Demand for the Three Primary Nutrients

KCl

P2O5

N


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Top 10 Consuming Countries, 000 t

2006 data

N

China 31,810

India 13,774

USA 11,970

Pakistan 2,650Indonesia 2,350

Brazil 2,297

France 2,200

Canada 1,758

Germany 1,599Turkey 1,407

P2O

5

China 11,958

India 5,537

USA 4,147

Brazil 3,149Pakistan 969

Australia 867

Canada 635

Turkey 608

Viet Nam 600Indonesia 570

K2O

China 5,600

USA 4,657

Brazil 3,460

India 2,335Malaysia 1,005

Indonesia 802

France 731

Belarus 601

Poland 502Germany 443

Source: http://www.fertilizer.org/ifa/Home-Page/STATISTICS
http://www.fertilizer.org/ifa/Home-Page/STATISTICShttp://www.fertilizer.org/ifa/Home-Page/STATISTICShttp://www.fertilizer.org/ifa/Home-Page/STATISTICShttp://www.fertilizer.org/ifa/Home-Page/STATISTICS


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The Fertilizer Institute: Increase global demands:

11%N, 13%P, 17%K (2001-2006)

Ethanol production needs morefertilizers

High transportation costs

Values of US Dollar falls


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www.ifdc.org

World Fertilizer Use by Crop Type

Estimates fo r 2006/07

Source : IFA

Other Oil Seeds

Other cereals


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Fuel, All Fertilizers and Nitrogen Price IndexJanuary 2000 June 2009 (1982 = 100)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Jan-00

May-00

Sep-00

Jan-01

May-01

Sep-01

Jan-02

May-02

Sep-02

Jan-03

May-03

Sep-03

Jan-04

May-04

Sep-04

Jan-05

May-05

Sep-05

Jan-06

May-06

Sep-06

Jan-07

May-07

Sep-07

Jan-08

May-08

Sep-08

Jan-09

May-09

Fuel All fertilizers Nitrogen

Source: The Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor


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production and use:


increasing





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N fertilizer recovery eff ic iencyusing

on-farm measurements

Oppor tun i ty for imp rovement

Crop Region Number

of farms

Avg N

rate,

kg/ha

Recovery,

%

Maize NC USA 56 103 37

Rice Asia-farmer

Asia-researcher

179

179

117 112 31

40

Wheat India-poor weather

India-good weather

23

21

145

123

18

49

Cassman et al., 2002


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8.9

136

1964 1970 1976 1982 1988 1994 2000

PFP

44

66

1964 1970 1976 1982 1988 1994 2000 2006

PFP

34 19

4.7

243

USA China

Partial factor productivity

(PFP)

N rate

Yield


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production and use:


increasing





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New fertilizer technology New fertilizers

High use efficiency Relatively low price

Minimal environmental impact

Renewable


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Calls for New Fertilizer ResearchDr. Norman Borlaug (1970 Nobel Laureate):

"I am concerned about the state of the fertilizer industry itself. With the

price of energy increasing, we need to find cheaper, more effectiveways to nourish food crops the fertilizer industry needs to doeverything in its power to minimize that cost. Farmers are paying waytoo much for fertilizer products because much of the nutrients inapplied fertilizers are never used by the crop. Nutrient losses to the

environment are high with consequences for global warming and waterpollution.


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Calls for New Fertilizer ResearchDr. Norman Borlaug (served on the IFDC Board ofDirectors from 1994 to 2003):

"Work should begin now on the next generation offertilizer products using advanced techniques suchas nanotechnology and molecular biology,especially in conjunction with plant genetics

research. 'Smart' fertilizer products that will releasenutrients only at the time and in the amountneeded should be developed."


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Nano fertilizers Using Google Scholar:

2070 articles

60 patents

There is no refereed article on nano

fertilizer (using Agricola database)


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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were found to penetrate tomato seeds and affect theirgermination and growth rates. Analytical methods indicated that the CNTs are ableto penetrate the thick seed coat and support water uptake inside seeds, a process

which can affect seed germination and growth of tomato seedlings

- University of Arkansas

Credit: ACS/ACS Nano (2009)

Carbon Nanotubes Are Super Fertilizer


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Fred Below

Crop Physiology Laboratory

University of Illinois


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Typical Corn Response to Fertilizer N

Average of 78 on-farm locations

0 56 112 168 224 280 336

N rate (kg ha-1)

G

rainyield

(Mgha-1)

5.4

6.5

7.6

8.7

9.8

Check plot yield

Yield


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Same yield with lower N requirement

Fertilizer N rate (kg ha-1)

G

rainyield

(Mgha-1)

0 56 112 168 224 280 330

5.4

6.5

7.6

8.7

9.8

Nit & Bi t h T it


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0 56 112 168 224 280

6.5

7.6

8.7

9.8

10.9

12.0 DK 61-69/72

0 56 112 168 224 280

RefugeGrainyiel

d(Mgha-1)

Fertilizer N rate (kg ha-1)

Nitrogen & Biotech Traits

VT3

DK 63-42/46

Data from 2008


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Rootworm Bt on N use

Hybrid NUE Uptake Utilization

kg/kg N % kg/kg N

DK 61-69 25.9* 71* 36.4

DK 61-72 17.0 52 33.1

DK 63-42 31.7* 71* 44.6DK 63-46 22.4 56 40.1

*different from non-RW counterpart P< 0.05


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Need high P-efficient varieties in FL


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Slow- or Controlled-releasefertilizers


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Slow-release fertilizers/

Controlled-releaseWater-soluble Slow-release Controlled-release

Ammonium nitrate

Non-coated

Urea formaldehyde

Coated

Osmocote

Dissolves allat once

Slowly decomposesto soluble N

Nutrients leakthrough coating


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Controlled-release fertilizer (CRF)

At soil temperatures under 25C, a CRF mustmeet three criteria:1) less than 15% of the CRF nutrients should

be released in 24 hours,2) less than 75% should be released in 28

days, and3) at least 75% should be released by the

stated release time (40360 days).


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Slow-release fertilizers:

Urea-formaldehyde(UF) 38% N

Isobutylidene diurea (IBDU) 32% N

Crotonylidene diurea (CDU)32.5% N


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Slow-release fertilizers

Nitamin 42GRC 24-0-0

Nitamin 30L


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Controlled-release fertilizers


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Coating Technology of CRFs

Polymer (polyethylene, polyesters)

Sulfur

Sulfur plus polymer


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2222.mpg


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Sulfur Coated Urea (SCU) Fertilizers


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Schematic Diagram-The processing for Controlled-Release

fertilizer (polymer coated fertilizer)


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Polymer coated fertilizers

CRF-9 month-Brown

CRF-6 month-Pale-

brown


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4. Nutrient release from Controlled-Release fertilizer


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Guaranteed not to burn


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Why does a CRF burn plants?

Release too quick

Poor quality of products

High temperature in FL


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CRF research at our laboratory


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Large size CRFs


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Polymers from agricultural wastes

Dr. Zhaohui Tong


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Liquid fertilizers


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UF News (January 17, 2012)

UF researchers discover greenpesticide effective against citrus

pests Discovered a key amino acid essential

for human nutrition is also an effective

insecticide against caterpillars thatthreaten the citrus industry.


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Amino Acid NPK fertilizer-TREC


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Bio-fertilizers


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Dr. Bruce Schaffer


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Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria

Dr. Shouan Zhang


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Phosphate-SolubilizingBacteria

Mechanisms of P solubilization by phosphate solubilizing bacteriaadoped from Ahemad & Khan 2011


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Iron-SolubilizingBacteria

The siderophore shuttle iron delivery mechanism. Adopted from Stintizi et al. (2002)


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Summary The best approach to improve fertilizer use

efficiency is to invent new fertilizers and to

breed new varieties.

It is time for breakthrough of new type of

Fertilizers because of high fertilizer priceand tight regulations.


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Thank you!

fertilizer technology - li 2012v3

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