fertilization!. “the elements that unite are single cells, each on the point of death; but by...
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Union of Sperm and EggTRANSCRIPT
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Fertilization!
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• “The elements that unite are single cells, each on the point of death; but by their union a rejuvenated individual is formed, which constitutes a link in the eternal process of Life.” ~ F. R. Lillie
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Union of Sperm and Egg
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Union of Egg and Sperm
• Oviduct• Can only
occur directly after egg ovulated
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How many sperm fertilize egg?
• Survival of the fittest
• Polyspermy– nondisjunction????
• Blocks to polyspermy
http://www.molbiolcell.org/content/vol9/issue7/images/video/mk0780641001.mov
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Slow Block to Polyspermy– formation of fertilization envelope
http://www.molbiolcell.org/content/vol9/issue7/images/video/mk0780641001.mov
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Thought Question• What is the problem with 2+ sperm
fertilizing one egg?• How is this problem related to
nondisjunction?
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Twins/IVF
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TwinsZygote = fertilized egg
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When fertilized egg splits partially
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In Vitro Fertilization
In Vitro= in petri dish
Egg + sperm united outside body
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Thought Question• What potential fertility problems (M
and F)may lead couples to engage in IVF?? Why??
• Think of at least 2!!!
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IVF often leads to multiple births
• Multiple zygotes implanted
• Increased likelihood for complications
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How Often Fertilization Works
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How Often Fertilization Works
• “If you think it’s amazing that any one of us survives to be born, you are correct.”~ Gilbert, Developmental Biology
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Thought Question
• Out of 20 hypothetical human eggs that come into contact with sperm, how many lead to:– Successful fertilization– Successful implantation– Successful development, 4th week– Successful development, 8th week– Fetuses coming to term
– OVERALL, what percentage of human conceptions successfully come to term?
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½ to 2/3 of human conceptions don’t come to term
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Implantation in Uterus/Nourishment for Baby
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Implantation in Uterus
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Ectopic Pregnancy
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Umbilical Cord and Placenta
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Amniotic Fluid
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Contraception
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Physical Barrier methods
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Chemical Methods
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Thought Question
• A woman taking birth control still receives her period. What must necessarily occur for this to happen?
• New birth control pills have been developed that allow women only to get their periods a few times a year. What must be different about these pills vs. normal birth control?
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Figure 46.21 Mechanisms of some contraceptive methods