fersat icecom v6acsst.irb.hr/babic.pdf · (1) demonstrate measurement of light pollution (form...
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FERSAT missiondr. sc. Dubravko Babić
Associate ProfessorFaculty of electrical engineering and computing, Zagreb (FER)
Oct 4, 2019
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Mission objectives: (1) Demonstrate measurement of light pollution
(form space): identify the type of light sources contributing to light pollution and determine the fraction of solid-state lighting in overall lighting.
(2) Demonstrate a simple ozone thickness measurement using solid-state detectors.
(3) Implement efficient high data-rate downlink in the X-band for images and payload data.
Launch a nanosatellite (CubeSat) in 2021.
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Funding and resources: Croatian Science Foundation (HRZZ IP-2018) Croatian industry: Croatel, Geolux, Ultima. Multiple donations
Ten faculty members and 50 students involved. Collaboration with Faculty of Mechanical
Engineering and Naval Architecture (FSB) and with the Faculty of Science (PMF) in Zagreb
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FERSAT nanosatellite
Cube‐shaped satelite with volume of 1 liter andmass ≤ 1.33 kg.Sun‐synchronous orbit at altitude 500 km
Payloads
1 Light‐pollution
2 Ozone thickness
3 X‐bandtransmitter
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Payload 1: Light pollution measurement
• Worldilluminationischanging:conventionalsodium/mercurylighting isbeingreplacedwithsolid‐stateligthing(LED).
• Question:CanweestimatethefractionofgloballightinghasbeenconvertedtoLEDs?
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Payload 1: The challenge LEDlightingexhibitshighintensityof
bluelight,whichdisturbsanimalbehaviorandhumancircadianrhythm.
Lightpollutiondataisavailablefromsatelliteimages(LandSat),butonlyinthe500–900nmwavelengthrange,whichwefoundisnotsufficienttoresolvethelightsource.Sentinelsatellitestake onlydaylightimages.
Tobethebestofourknowledge,light‐sourceidentificationinlightpollutionispresentlynotpubliclyavailableinformation.
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Payload 1: Objectives• Developanalgorithm toextractthecontributionofLED
lightinginworldillumination.• DemonstratethealgorithmusingaCCDcameraand/ora
miniaturespectra‐photometerona CubeSat.• Provideaworld‐widemapofLEDinstallation.
MiniatureUSB‐controlledspectra‐photometer (350–1000nmrange)
2.1MPixVIS+IR camera(Geolux/Zagreb)
Studentsmeasuringstreetlightingemissionspectra
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Payload 4: Ozone layer thickness• OzoneisdistributedfromthesurfaceoftheEarthtothestratosphere(~100km).• OzonelayerabsorbsmostoftheharmfulultravioletradiationcomingfromtheSun
• https://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/facts/SH.html
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UVBackscatter(SBUV,TOMS)
IRradiometer(LIMS,ISAMS)
Dobsoninterferometer
UVforwardscattering(SAGE)
LIDAR
Microwave
Balloonprobe
Ozonelayer
Payload 4: Ozone measurementsFERSATwillmakeUV
backscattermeasurementsandpossiblyUVforward‐
scattermeasurements
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Payload 4: Objectives Developasimpleopticaltechnique,suitedforananosatellite,tomeasuretotal
thicknessofozonelayer. DemonstrateoperationofPure‐B(UV)detectorsinspace. Provideworld‐widescanofozonethicknessusingananosatellite.
Method:• ComparingtheoutputsofUVAandUVBdetectorsandabluevisible‐light
detector(similarapproachasintheDobsonSpectra‐photometer).• Spectralresolvingdoneusingopticalfilters.• Detectorswillbenadir‐pointing.• ResultstobeexpressedinDobsonUnits.
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Payload 4: Pure-B ultraviolet detectors
PureB detectors(elementalborondepositedonsilicon)arebeingusedforelectrondetectioninscanningelectronmicroscopes,butarealsoexcellentUVdetectors.
TEMimageofPureB/Siinterface
PureB detectorspackagedforcharacterization
Dualtransimpedance amplifier
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Payload 5: Implement X-band downlink
• CubeSatdownlinksaregenerallyintheVHF/UHFamateurradiobandandittakesmultiplesatellitepassestodownload2MPixelimage.
• Question:Canwespeedthisuptodownloadtensorhundredsofimagespersatellitepass?
Theobjective:• Demonstrateahigh‐efficiencyX‐bandcommunicationbetweena1U
CubeSat andEarthstation atatleast5Mbpslinerate.
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Payload 5: Challenges and approach
Challenges:CubeSatpowerbudgetandweightbudgetisverylimited,whilecommercialX‐bandtransmittersdissipatealotofpower(>10Watts).
Theapproach:
GaN‐FETClassAB/FRFPA
• Phase‐onlymodulation(BPSKorQPSK)allowsforhigheramplifierefficiency.
• Modulationbandwidthisatleast5MHz
• DesignAlGaN/GaNHEMTClassFRFPA
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Payload 5: Approach
Radiationpatterns
4patch‐antennaarraywithcircularly polarized emission
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X-band ground station• Antennarequiresveryhighgain(~50dBachievablewith3mparabolicantenna).• Frequencies:8GHz(EarthObservation)and10.45GHz(AmateurRadio)• Linkbudgetforh =500km,BPSK/10.45GHzshowsabout3minvisibility.
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o energyharvesting
o attitudecontrol
o controlsoftware
o communicationelectronics
Satellite build isan interdisciplinary engineering project
o sensordata acquisitonelectronics
o imageandsignalprocessing
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FERSAT development team
plus 50 students