fender - 5x30 mini-trench 5_6
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Figure 3. S-GPR display
S-GPR is equipped with a GPS receiver, so it can georeferences all
buried object. Moreover multimedia data can be associated to the
georeferenced objects: for example you can mark and describe
points of interest near the object, or introduce some photos of the
environment or an audio description. Finally you can import
georeferenced data in a GIS system or in a CAD file. In GIS
systems you can see georeferenced traces with all buried objects
recorded during the investigation, with information about the
distance from the Start Point and the depth. Further if you click on
the bullet you can see the photo of the buried object (figure 4).
Figure 4. S-GPR data imported in GIS system
3. Environmental low impact diggingTechnology: 1DDTM
Normally the impact of FTTx network construction is in the order of
70% or more of the total network cost, while a specific construction
engineering is very seldom applied. In order to overcome all the
problems caused by traditional digging technologies, each step of
the process has been analyzed. Thanks to the simultaneous use of a
trench saw and a suction pump, the digging work can be completed
very quickly, with reduced dimension machinery, and with no
residual material to be removed. The last element of this solution is
the innovative material used to fill-in the trench, with a very fast
hardening time to allow to complete the work in few hours,
restoring the pavement to the previous state. This technique is called1DDTM
, because you can open and close digging works in only one
day.
With a global approach we traduced the problem of working
downtown into an effort of reducing whole critical dimensions
related to the usual trenching machines, beginning from trench
dimensions.
The “mini-trench 5x30 cm” is a new Sirti trenching standard,
characterized by reduced dimensions of 5 cm wide and 30 cm deep.
This type of narrow trench allows to operate with reduced
dimension machinery in small size road typically of European cities
producing a lower quantity of waste material with the target to
reduce operating expense.
The true innovation during the trenching phase, introduced with
1DD™ system, is the simultaneous and synergic work of a powerful
suction machine with the trench saw as showed in figure 5.
Figure 5. Trench saw combined with suction machine
This combined action allows the waste material to be collected
while produced by the saw, leaving the site clean, immediately after
the end of the trenching phase and completely removing dust
problems. It is well evident the difference between a cut with or
without suction machine work, as illustrated in figure 6.
Figure 6. Difference between cut result with or without
suction machine
The following innovation is related to pavement re-establishment.
According to traditional techniques the trench is normally filled
with cave material and binder on top, finally a layer of pavement is
posed. This phase is very expensive and time consuming because
pavement can be restored only after the backfilling material is ready
and usually it takes at least 24 hours.
With the 1DD™ system, thanks to an innovative material which has
got mechanical and esthetical characteristics similare to the
pavement, the trench is filled completely in one operation and with
just one material. Moreover the fast hardening time, main
characteristic of this material, allows to close the working site in
just a few hours (figure 7).
Figure 7. Innovative material before and after hardeningcompleted
Thanks to the behavior of this innovative material, the site can be
opened to the traffic just a couple of hour after the filling. Its
International Wire & Cable Symposium 130 Proceedings of the 58th IWCS/IICIT
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physical and mechanical characteristics, combined with the
esthetical result, avoid laying of the asphalt carpet reducing
operating phases, working days and related costs.
According with material design, a new mixing machine has been
developed (Figure 8). The mixing machine features several
solutions that allow the best trench filling without keeping the site
clean and it has been designed to equip common trucks.
Figure 8. The mixing machine
So the whole system can be divided in two different modules: the
first, which will perform the trenching phase, is composed by the
saw and the suction machine; the second, which will perform re-
establishing phase, is composed by one truck with the mixingmachine. This two modules can work in line or in different
times/places, allowing major flexibility, but anyway assuring the
gain of solution.
4. Fender The development of cables characterized by smaller and smaller
diameter (figure 9), but with the same potentiality of fibers, has
permitted the realization of new infrastructures with the goal of
space optimization.
Figure 9. Cable evolution
For this reason Sirti has realized a new kind of infrastructure, called
Fender, standardized by Telecom Italia in 2009. It represents a new,
modern solution to realize a compact infrastructure by means of a
multiplicity of ducts, longitudinally interconnected via a plastic
membrane, so they can be laid in planar way or not. Fender can be
formed with 2 up to 9 mini ducts. The outer layer of the mini ducts
is produced using HDPE of a high-molecular type which guarantees
the required rigidity, easy handling and other mechanical features.
The inner layer forms a permanent sliding surface which reduces
considerably the friction coefficient of the cable with respect to the
tube. Each mini duct of the Fender can be different in colour for an
easy in field identification.
Figure 10. Example of Fender
Fender has been designed to be used in different network scenarios
such as:
• Sub-duct inside an existing duct already occupied by an
existing cable, for example in 125mm duct, typically in
primary access network, where there are copper cables (figure
9.a).
• Execute Sub-duct of an empty existing 50mm duct (figure 9.b).
• New infrastructure using one or more Fender into a Minitrench
or traditional trench (figure 9.c).
Figure 11. Possible installations of Fender
Sirti developed two types of Fender, where mini ducts thickness
changes according to installation (table 1).
Table 1. Application Fields of Fender and its dimension
Application Field
Thickness of Fender miniduct ≤ 1mm Outdoor Sub-ducting
Thickness of Fender miniduct ≥ 2mm Direct Buried
5. Fender Protection SystemAs it often happens that rodents attack optical fibres cables (figure
12), to prevent dramatic damages as network blacks out, it is
mandatory to provide an effective protection solution in handholes
or in other critical places where optical fibres pass-through.
Figure 12. Fault caused by rodent in handhole
For this reason it has been developed a protection system composed
by a set of components in special rodent-proof plastic material,
called Fender Protection System, that assures the
telecommunication infrastructure integrity. In fact Fender Protection
System protects mini ducts and the mini cables inside by rodents
a b c
International Wire & Cable Symposium 131 Proceedings of the 58th IWCS/IICIT
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attach, mechanical pressures or by possible flooding in the
handhole.
In Figure 13 it is illustrated the Fender Protection System matrix.
From left to right you can see the splittable duct-mini ducts sealing
element, 0.5 bar pressure resistant, the mini ducts protection
element, the mini ducts joints protection closure, the element for the
extra length cable protection (up to 50metres of cable), that you can
install to the wall of the handhole, the element sealing mini cable-
mini duct and the mini ducts junction box.
Figure 13. Main components of Fender Protection System
Fender Protection System isn’t only theoretical, but it is justinstalled in some experimental telecommunication plants. In the
following figures, you can see some photos of an experimental plant
of Telecom Italia.
Figure 14. FPS for extra length cable in handhole
Figure 15. FPS for a pass through cable in a 40x40cm
preexisting handhole
6. ConclusionsThe technologies presented in the document are just utilized in
various telecommunication plants: S-GPR system is used for all
plants of various operator in which 1DDTM is provided; in Italy
about 220 kms of infrastructure has been realised using 1DD™
system and new plants for telecom operators and municipalities are
in progress. In 2009 the first installations of Fender and Protection
System has been realized in collaboration with Telecom Italia and
other installations in infrastructures just occupied have been made
successfully.
7. Pictures of AuthorsEdoardo Cottino ([email protected])
Edoardo Cottino is the Chief Technology Officer of Sirti Group.
Appointed to this position in February 2004, Edoardo is responsible
for driving Sirti toward the next-generation networks, advanced
technology and application, R&D policy and standards activities.
Born 1957, Edoardo holds a Masters in Electronic Engineering fromTurin’s Polytechnic and a Master in Business Administation from
Bocconi University of Milano. After a small experience as avionic
system design engineer, in 1985 move to Sirti in the borning Optical
Technology Laboratory following the plant activities. For more of
ten years has followed the evolution of Italian optical fiber network
focusing the activity in matter of fibers, cables, accessory and
transmission system.
In 1995 he became head of Cables and Optical Technologies Dept.
with the goal to study and analyse the evolution of the
telecommunication network. In 1999 he has called to guide all
Network Technologies Divisions of Sirti.
From 1990 he is active member of ITU-T standardization bodie in
Study Group 6 “Outside Plant” and now in Study Group 15
“Transport and Access” where served as rapporteur in manyquestions, he participated at several European Research Project and
holds a number of patents. He is author and co-author of more fifty
publications.
Nicola Di Buono ([email protected])
Nicola Di Buono graduated in Electronic Engineering with
Microelectronic and Telecommunication specialization at
Polytechnic of Turin in 2005. In 2006 he joined Sirti in the
Technology Office, where he studies new projects and systems
chiefly but not only in the telecommunications area. Recently he is
working on the innovation for Access Network and in particular he
is involved in experimental trials for new network technologies.
International Wire & Cable Symposium 132 Proceedings of the 58th IWCS/IICIT