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DS DENEME SINAVI

FEN BLMLER -16

A

indekiler:

Cevap Kad

Deneme Snav

Cevap Anahtar

Snavn Yabanc Kelimeleri

Uyarlar:

1. Bu testte 80 soru vardr. Bu sorular iin toplam 3 saat (180 dakika)sre ayrlmtr.

2. Soru trlerine ait giri ve k saatleri, snavn sabah 09:30 12:30arasnda uygulanaca varsaylarak belirlenmitir. Soru trlerine giri

ve k saatlerini, snava baladnz saati esas alarak

deitirebilirsiniz.

3. Dzeyinizi tam olarak belirlemek istiyorsanz, snav tek bir oturumdauygulaynz.

4. Soru trleri iin nerilen sreleri amaynz.5. Bir soru zerindeki deerlendirmenizi bitirdikten sonra, o soruya

tekrar dnmeyiniz.

6. Sorularnza verdiiniz cevaplar daha sonra deitirmeyiniz.7. Cevabn iki seenee kadar indirgediiniz sorularda, size gre doru

kma ihtimali zayf olan seenei iaretleyiniz.

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mB C D EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

A B C DA B C DA B C DA B C DA B C DA B C DA B C DA B C DA B C DA B C DA B C DA B C DA B C DA B C DA B C DA B C DA B C DA B C DA B C DA B C DA B C DA B C DA B C DA B C D

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DS DENEME SINAVIFEN BLMLER - 16

CEVAP KAIDI

A BKitapk Tr :

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ANGLZCE

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1. 18. sorularda, cmlede bo braklanyerlere uygun den szck ya da ifadeyi

bulunuz.

Balang saati : 09:30Biti saati : 09:48Toplam sre : 18 dakika

w w w . b a d e m c i . c o m

1

Dier sayfaya geiniz.

7. Scientists ---- that by the year 2050, robotbrains based on computers that have theability to execute 100 trillion instructions persecond ---- rivalling human intelligence.

A) are predicting / are starting

B) have predicted / would start

C) predicted / would have started

D) predict / will start

E) would predict / will have started

6. Most space rockets plunge into the oceans

or become space litter when they are ----completely.

A) taken up B) fallen out

C) given out D) made up

E) used up

5. The geological history of the Grand Canyonregion ---- to be a lot more complex than

previously thought when scientists examinedthe area in more detail.

A) put off B) gave up

C) brought about D) turned out

E) set out

4. All organisms have some capacity to adaptto environmental changes, but the extent of

this adaptive capacity ---- greatly.

A) executes B) varies

C) discards D) abolishes

E) merges

3. In December 1831, at the age of 22, Darwinbegan a round-the-world sea voyage that ----influenced his thinking.

A) obscurely B) legitimately

C) hopefully D) respectfully

E) profoundly

2. Bacteria are truly remarkable in terms of theiradaptations to extreme environments andtheir abilities to survive in parts of Earth thatare ---- to other forms of life.

A) distasteful B) cordial

C) inhospitable D) persuasive

E) discreet

1. The cells of all living organisms have the---- to harvest energy from the breakdown oforganic fuel molecules.

A) amount B) clarity

C) performance D) reliance

E) ability

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2


A

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13. A gene giving humans a preference ---- sweetfoods was recently identified ---- researchers.

A) over / among B) on / with

C) to / at D) for / by

E) into / within

12. Insects that live in colonies, such as ants,bees, wasps, and termites, have longfascinated everyone, ---- naturalists ---- artists.

A) among / with B) about / between

C) in / of D) between / above

E) from / to

11. It is hoped that alternative forms of energy,such as wind energy and geothermal energy,---- more widely used in the near future, oncetechnical problems ---- completely resolved.

A) become / had been

B) are becoming / will be

C) will become / are

D) have become / were

E) would have become / have been

10. If microchips ---- back in the late 1950s,computer technology ---- as advanced as it istoday.

A) werent developed / isnt

B) hadnt been developed / wouldnt be

C) wouldnt have been developed / werent

D) wouldnt be developed / wouldnt be

E) werent being developed / wont be

9. It is predicted that the worlds fossil fuelsources ---- completely by the turn of thecentury unless strict policies to use themwisely ---- at present, before it is too late.

A) will have been exhausted / are implemented

B) will be exhausted / would be implemented

C) would be exhausted / would have been

implemented

D) would have been exhausted / wereimplemented

E) were exhausted / were to be implemented

8. NASA ---- experiments on the surface of themoon for eight years when they ---- themdown in 1977 for financial reasons.

A) conducted / would have to shut

B) has been conducting / have to shut

C) had been conducting / had to shut

D) was conducting / have had to shut

E) would have conducted / would have had to shut

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3


A

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18. Geometry, ---- name is derived from Greekwords meaning earth measurement, is oneof the oldest branches of mathematics.

A) as B) which

C) that D) whose

E) its

17. ---- does geology provide a betterunderstanding of the Earths evolution and itspresent features, but it also serves society ina variety of practical ways.

A) Either B) So

C) Not only D) So long as

E) Not once

16. ---- it has a great potential for creating neworganisms, experimental recombinationof genes is viewed by some scientists asdangerous and unethical.

A) As long as B) Unless

C) Just as D) Before

E) Because

15. A gemstone used in the making of jewellerymust be durable, ---- it cannot withstand theprocess of being handled or shaped.

A) thus B) even if

C) although D) or else

E) while

14. The existence of galaxies was not recognizeduntil the early 20th century, ---- since thengalaxies have become one of the focal pointsof astronomical investigation.

A) even B) because

C) but D) if

E) whether

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19. 23. sorularda, aadaki paradanumaralanm yerlere uygun den szck yada ifadeyi bulunuz.

Balang saati : 09:48

Biti saati : 09:53Toplam sre : 5 dakika


4


A

FEN BLMLER - 16

23.

A) nor B) either

C) as well as D) neither

E) also

22.

A) had shown

B) would have shown

C) will have shown

D) has shown

E) was showing

21.

A) over B) at

C) for D) by

E) in

20.

A) discrimination B) combination

C) purification D) authorization

E) utilization

19.

A) though B) as if

C) unless D) whether

E) in case

Air pollution is one of the major challenges that

most major cities face. The task of cleaning up

air pollution, (19) ---- difficult, is not believedto be insurmountable. Use of fuels that are

low in pollutants, such as low-sulphur forms of

petroleum; more complete burning of fossil fuels,

often in (20) ---- with a recycling of the pollutants;and the shift to less polluting forms of power

generation, such as solar energy (21) ---- place offossil fuels all are methods that can be used for

controlling pollution. Over the past few decades,

the example of London as well as of some other

cities (22) ---- that 10 years or less is enough tocontrol this problem to a certain extent. In fact,

this period is (23) ---- enough to achieve majorimprovements in air quality.

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24. 35. sorularda, verilen cmleyi uygunekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



A

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5


27. Experts fear that, unless significantly higheryields are achieved with genetically modified(GM) crops, ----.

A) genetic engineers are determined to continue

to work on crops that can grow in a shorter

period of time

B) these trends led to economic developmentand a significant reduction in global hunger

and poverty

C) certain circles are concerned about the

possible negative effects of GM crops on

human health

D) massive environmental degradation will be theinevitable result of trying to feed the worlds

increasing population

E) the impacts of climate change on agriculture

will not be fully understood in the years ahead

26. ----, but a significant part of this land isunsuitable for either agriculture or habitation.

A) Chinas first nature reserve was established inthe 1950s

B) China is located in Far East Asia

C) The population of China has been increasing

dramatically

D) One of Chinas major problems isenvironmental pollution

E) China covers a vast area in Asia

25. Although rain forests occupy a very smallpercentage of the land surface on Earth, ----.

A) it is true that, in addition to high rainfall and

humidity, mild winters are good for them

B) most governments have introduced severe

measures to stop and eliminate environmental

pollution

C) they contain a very large variety of plant and

animal species that are mostly rare

D) many species living in those areas are facedwith the threat of extinction

E) the Brazilian government has long-term plans

to open up the Amazon basin for mining

24. Whereas ordinary solids have a definite sizeand shape, ----.

A) most liquids do, too

B) gases have none

C) their volumes are definite, as well

D) liquids dont take the form of the container

E) gases consist of a vast number of molecules

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31. Atoms have several properties ----.

A) in case they have different numbers of protons

and electrons

B) in which they are the smallest particles of all

matter

C) that help distinguish one type of atom from

another

D) because physicists have split the atom into

many subatomic particles

E) while the electrons in an atom are very much

smaller than the protons and neutrons

30. Experts differ greatly in their estimates of thenumber of plant and animal species, ----.

A) since the exact number of these species has

only recently been identified

B) but they all agree that the distribution of these

species is highly uneven

C) in case many of the currently endangered

species go extinct in the near future

D) unless they focus their attention on thosespecies that have increased in number

E) despite the fact that the populations of certain

species have soared dramatically

29. Physicists have established that, before theuniverse existed in its present form, ----.

A) the Milky Way is one of billions of galaxies in

the universe

B) astronomy attracted many high school students

to study it in depth

C) all of its matter was concentrated in one mass

D) they knew what to look for

E) their existence would not have been

questionable

28. ----, which, in turn, makes animal husbandrymore profitable than it used to be in the past.

A) People with rising incomes consume more

meat and livestock products

B) The worlds poor have been getting poorer and

less able to produce food

C) Much of the worlds starving population lives inthe sub-Saharan region, where farming is poor

D) Debate continues over whether climate change

will further reduce the worlds ability to feed

itself

E) Most countries in Africa need to invest more in

their agriculture sectors

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35. New bioplastics are a lot less hazardous toour planet and our natural resources, ----.

A) even though their reserves are gradually

shrinking due to increasing use by industries

B) as plastics cannot be degraded biologically like

organic materials

C) since they require less oil and energy to

produce than traditional plastics

D) so traditional plastics are used in a wide rangeof industries, including textiles and packaging

E) for the damaging effects of plastic waste on

the environment are undeniable

34. Some of the worlds natural resources, suchas natural vegetation and solar energy, arerenewable, ----.

A) which cannot be renewed easily at a low cost

B) while others like fossil fuels are non-renewable

C) since they are not reliable sources of energy

D) if conserving them is not possible

E) some of which are non-renewable

33. Climatologists are not certain about thenumber of hurricanes that occurred worldwidebefore 1970, ----.

A) although the historical data are too inconsistent

to allow firm conclusions

B) given that sea-surface temperatures are a keydriver of hurricane formation

C) since an unprecedented four hurricanes hit

Florida in the summer of 2004

D) which global warming has led to more intense

storms

E) when satellite observations became routine

32. Quantum theory specifies new rules fordescribing the universe, ----.

A) although efforts to explore it are continuing

B) as it is considered an ancient science

C) unless the universe cannot be described with

the help of its principles

D) just as it has introduced new ways of thinking

about matter and energy

E) for it has not been proven or validated

scientifically

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36. 38. sorularda, verilen ngilizce cmleyeanlamca en yakn Trke cmleyi bulunuz.

38. With an estimated 200,000 species of plantsand animals, Madagascar is among the topfive most biologically diverse countries in theworld.

A) Aa yukar 200.000 bitki ve hayvan trne

sahip olan Madagaskar, biyolojik eitlilii en

fazla olan dnyadaki ilk be lkeden biridir.

B) Biyolojik eitlilik bakmndan dnyann ennemli be lkesinden biri olan Madagaskar,

tahmin olarak 200.000 bitki ve hayvan trne

sahiptir.

C) Madagaskarn sahip olduu bitki ve hayvantr 200.000 civarndadr ve bylece dnyada

biyolojik eitlilii en zengin olan ilk be lke

arasndadr.

D) Madagaskar, gerek zengin biyolojik eitliliive gerek sahip olduu 200.000 civarndaki

bitki ve hayvan tryle, dnyann ilk be lkesi

arasnda yer almaktadr.

E) Tahmin 200.000 bitki ve hayvan tryle,Madagaskar, dnyada, biyolojik olarak en ok

eitlilie sahip, ilk be lke arasndadr.

37. The discovery in Japan of a 130-million-year-old lizard fossil may re-determine the datewhen flowering plants are believed to haveemerged on Earth.

A) iekli bitkilerin yeryznde ortaya kttarihin yeniden belirlenmesi, Japonyada 130

milyon yanda bir kertenkele fosilinin kefiyle

gereklemitir.

B) Japonyada 130 milyon yanda bir kertenkelefosili kefedildikten sonra, iekli bitkilerin

yeryznde ortaya ktna inanlan tarih

yeniden belirlenmitir.

C) Japonyada 130 milyon yanda bir kertenkelefosilinin kefi, iekli bitkilerin yeryznde

ortaya ktna inanlan tarihi yeniden

belirleyebilir.

D) Japonyada 130 milyon yanda bir kertenkelefosilinin kefedilmesinden nce, iekli

bitkilerin yeryznde daha yakn bir zamanda

ortaya ktna inanlyordu.

E) Japonyada 130 milyon yanda bir kertenkelefosilinin kefedilmesiyle, iekli bitkilerin

yeryznde ortaya ktna inanlan tarih

yeniden belirlenmitir.

36. According to some physicists, the universeis just a little lighter than a black hole of thesame size.

A) Baz fizikilere gre, bir kara delik, ayn

boyuttaki evrenden sadece biraz daha ardr.

B) Baz fizikiler, evrenin, ayn byklkteki bir

kara delikten, sadece biraz daha hafif olduunu

ne srmektedirler.

C) Baz fizikiler, evrenin, ayn boyuttaki bir karadelik kadar hafif olduunu varsaymaktadrlar.

D) Baz fizikilere gre, evrenin arl,

ayn boyuttaki bir kara deliin arln

gememektedir.

E) Baz fizikilere gre, evren, ayn boyuttaki bir

kara delikten yalnzca biraz daha hafiftir.

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39. 41. sorularda, verilen Trke cmleyeanlamca en yakn ngilizce cmleyi bulunuz.

41. indeki sanayileme, yle byk evreseldeiikliklere yol amtr ki fabrikalarnyaratt kirlilik dalk alanlardaki ya,yzde 50ye varan miktarda drmtr.

A) Industrialization in China has brought aboutsuch massive environmental changes that

pollution created by factories has reduced the

rainfall in mountainous areas by as much as

50 per cent.

B) Massive environmental changes in China

have resulted from industrialization, and,

consequently, the rainfall in mountainous

areas has dropped as much as 50 per cent

due to the pollution caused by factories.

C) The amount of the rainfall in the mountainous

areas in China has fallen by as much as 50

per cent because of the pollution caused byfactories, as massive industrialization led to

environmental changes.

D) Industrialization in China has caused so much

environmental change that the amount of the

rainfall in the countrys mountainous areas has

fallen 50 per cent due to the pollution brought

about by factories.

E) Chinas industrialization has led to extensive

environmental changes so much so that,

because of the pollution caused by factories,

the rainfall in mountainous areas has droppedto 50 per cent.

40. Her element, dier bir elementinatomlarndan farkl, tek tip atomdan oluur.

A) An element contains only one type of atom,

entirely different from other atoms.

B) The kind of atom that makes up an element

is usually different from the atoms of other

elements.

C) Each element consists of one kind of atom,

which is different from the atoms of any other

element.

D) The atoms that each element has are

completely different from those of other

elements.

E) Each element has one set of atoms which are

very different from the atoms of all the other

elements.

39. X-n grntleme yntemleri, krklarntanlanmasn bir yzyldan fazla zamandrdaha kolay klmtr, ancak X-nlar, herzaman daha ince ayrntlarn saptanmasndayardmc olamaz.

A) Although the diagnosis of fractures has beeneasier for over a century, thanks to X-ray

imaging methods, X-rays do not always help to

detect the finer details.

B) X-ray imaging methods have made diagnosing

fractures easier for more than a century, butX-rays cannot always help to detect the finer

details.

C) For over a century, it has been much easier

to diagnose fractures thanks to X-ray imagingmethods, even though X-rays fail to detect the

intricate parts.

D) X-rays have helped to detect the inner parts

of fractures, and, therefore, the diagnosis of

fractures has been much easier for over acentury.

E) Thanks to X-ray imaging methods, the

diagnosis of fractures has been possible for

more than a century, but the details of fracturescannot always be detected fully.

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42. 46. sorularda, bo braklan yere, paradaanlam btnln salamak iingetirilebilecek cmleyi bulunuz.



A

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44. ---- As a residential fuel, it is burned infurnaces, water heaters, cooking stoves,and clothes dryers. As an industrial fuel,it is burned in special furnaces to bakebricks and ceramic tiles and to producecement. In addition to its use as a fuel,natural gas serves as a raw material forcreating petrochemicals, which are used asa base product for fertilizers, detergents,pharmaceuticals, plastics, and numerousother goods.

A) Historical records show that natural gas was

burned as a fuel as early as 250 A.D. in China.

B) There is a growing concern among developed

nations about the future availability of energy

sources.

C) Among the most common residential fuels

are natural gas, coal, and bottled butane and

propane.

D) Natural gas is used both as a fuel and as araw material in the manufacture of chemicals.

E) The use of fossil fuels is generally regarded as

harmful to the environment, since it is a major

cause of global warming.

43. Insects are often regarded as pests becausesome bite, sting, spread diseases, orcompete with humans over crop plants.---- Without insects to pollinate flowers, thehuman race would soon run out of foodbecause many of the crop plants that werely on would not be able to reproduce. Inaddition, insects themselves are valued asfood in many parts of the world. Also, theyhelp to recycle organic matter by feeding onwastes and on dead plants and animals.

A) Therefore, humans use chemicals to get rid

of harmful plants growing among agricultural

crops.

B) Scientists have so far been able to identify

about one million species of insects.

C) Nevertheless, they are of undeniably great

value to nature and to humans.

D) Pollination is the process by which most plants

reproduce, but there are exceptions.

E) While some insects protect themselves with

their poison, others use camouflage.

42. Photosynthesis, the process by which greenplants and certain other organisms use theenergy of light to convert carbon dioxide andwater into simple sugar glucose, occurs ingreen plants, seaweeds, algae, and certainbacteria. These organisms are veritablesugar factories, producing millions of newglucose molecules per second. ---- Someplants produce more glucose than they use,however, and they store it in the form ofstarch and other carbohydrates in their roots,stems, and leaves.

A) The sugar we use in our everyday lives is

derived from plants like sugar cane and isprocessed in factories.

B) An extremely important by-product of

photosynthesis is oxygen, on which most

organisms depend.

C) Being unable to produce it, humans and other

animals rely on the glucose produced by these

organisms.

D) Plants use much of this glucose as an energy

source to build leaves, flowers, fruits, and

seeds.

E) In plants, photosynthesis occurs in leaves and

green stems within specialized cell structures

called chloroplasts.

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46. The principle of all the sciences, includingphysics, is generally considered to bethe ordering of the complex appearancesdetected by our senses. In other words, thisis the ordering of what we often refer to as

the world around us. In fact, many peoplethink of science as a mechanical processof collecting facts. ---- Essentially, scienceis a creative activity that in many respectsresembles other creative activities of thehuman mind.

A) This is not the case at all.

B) Aristotle believed that the natural state of an

object is to be at rest.

C) It was Galileo who founded our modern view

of motion.

D) As a result of Einsteins theory of relativity,

our concepts of space and time have been

completely altered.

E) The list of ways in which physics, for example,

relates to other fields is extensive.

45. Ecology is the study of the relationshipof plants and animals to their physicaland biological environment. The physicalenvironment includes light and heat orsolar radiation, moisture, wind, nutrients in

soil, water, and atmosphere. The biologicalenvironment includes organisms of the samekind as well as other plants and animals.---- For this reason, it draws upon such fieldsas climatology, hydrology, oceanography,physics, chemistry, geology, and soil analysisas well as animal behaviour, taxonomy,physiology, and mathematics.

A) Different kinds of organisms often share

the same environment, which makes the

relationship between them significant.

B) However, due to the climate and other naturalfactors, physical and biological environments

show great diversity in the world.

C) An increased public awareness ofenvironmental problems has made ecology a

common but often misused word.

D) Our understanding of environmental problems

has increased by a very large extent over thelast few decades.

E) Although the field is a distinct scientific

discipline, it has a close relationship with other

disciplines.

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47. 51. sorularda, karlkl konumann bobraklan ksmn tamamlayabilecek ifadeyibulunuz.



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49. Thomas:

- Did you know that e. coli, the bacteria thatupsets stomachs and kills people, canactually be useful?

Julie:

- How so?

Thomas:

- ----

Julie:

- Wow! That means it is going to serve as an

alternative energy source.A) You know, it is actually present in the

intestines.

B) Well, scientists have genetically engineered it

to excrete biodiesel.

C) It obtains the energy it needs from the

intestinal flora.

D) The new method involves mixing the bacteriawith sugar cane.

E) The newly-developed biodiesel is not as

efficient as a fossil fuel.

48. Customer:

- Id like to buy a good camera for areasonable price. What would yourecommend?

Shop assistant:

- Well, we have this professional series, withwhich you can get extra high-resolutionimages and at least three types of lenses.Their prices start from $3,000.

Customer:

- ----

Shop assistant:

- Then, maybe youd consider one from thisseries, which comes with only the standardlens, but can be upgraded when necessary.Plus, they provide equally high-resolutionimages.

A) Oh, I didnt expect that they would be so

simple.

B) Actually, photography has been a majorinterest of mine for a long time.

C) I can see you are very informed about

cameras.

D) Oh, I dont think I want something so

professional.

E) Well, that really is a good value.

47. Joseph:

- I read that Taiwanese researchers havedeveloped a motorcycle that runs oncompressed air.

Maria:

- So, whats so special about it?

Joseph:

- ----

Maria:

- Oh, then it really is a significant invention.A) The prototype has not aroused much interest

among the public yet.

B) It requires electricity to compress the air.

C) Well, it could help to solve the problem of

pollution.

D) Actually, they have been working on it for quite

some time.

E) Well, they might soon start mass-producing

them.

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51. Peter:

- Werent you thinking of getting a new jobas a laboratory assistant? Well, here is anadvertisement.

Joanna:

- Oh, I have already seen that one, but Im notthe one they are looking for.

Peter:

- ----

Joanna:

- Yes, all but a very important one. Im not aBritish citizen.

A) Dont you want to work in Britain?

B) But why? You meet all the requirements.

C) Why? Dont you have a licence to work as a

lab assistant?

D) Are they looking for better qualified people?

E) Youre wrong; Im sure they dont care aboutcitizenship.

50. Jeffrey:

- The swine flu outbreak seems to haveemerged without warning, dont you think?

Nathan:

- Yes, you have a point. But I think the

virus existed for some time before it wasdiscovered.

Jeffrey:

- ----

Nathan:

- The answer is likely yes, if more attentionhad been paid to the human-animalinteractions that enable new viruses toemerge.

A) Do you think governments have taken the

necessary measures against it?

B) Could there be a more effective way of

monitoring the course of the disease?

C) Do you think the world faces more pandemics

like this one?

D) Couldnt it have been detected and the spread

of it prevented?

E) Do you think vaccination against such

pandemics would solve the problem?

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52. 56. sorularda, cmleler srasylaokunduunda parann anlam btnlnbozan cmleyi bulunuz.



A

FEN BLMLER - 16


14


56. (I) For a long time, science was more orless a united whole known as naturalphilosophy, and wasnt that far removedfrom art. (II) Then, in the 18th century, thedistinctions between the scientific fieldsbegan to appear. (III) Later, in the 19th

century, to take two examples, physics andchemistry went their separate ways.(IV) Actually, several physicists in the 1930sand 1940s tried to apply their knowledge tomicrobiology. (V) So, the sharp border thatwe now see between the arts and sciences isbut only a few centuries old.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

Not: 5 dakika dinlenme aras. Bu esnada seenekdalmnz (56. soruya kadar hangi seenekten,ka adet iaret koyduunuzu) hesaplaynz

(rn: A = 7 seenek; B = 9 seenek, vs.).

55. (I) Water vapour is the most commongreenhouse gas in the atmosphere,accounting for about 60 to 70 per cent ofthe natural greenhouse effect. (II) Humansdo not have a direct effect on water vapourlevels in the atmosphere. (III) But humanactivities do increase the concentration ofother greenhouse gases in the atmosphere,producing warmer temperatures. (IV) Indeed,global warming has now become one ofthe most passionately argued issues of ourtime. (V) This results in an increase in theevaporation of oceans, lakes, and rivers,raising the amount of water vapour in theatmosphere.


54. (I) Volcanic eruptions in populated regionsare a significant threat to people, property,and agriculture. (II) The danger is mostlyfrom fast-moving hot flows of explosivelyerupted materials, falling ash, and highly

destructive flows of lava and volcanic debris.(III) On the contrary, they can also be richin natural resources, especially with thematerials that they erupt. (IV) In addition,explosive eruptions, even from volcanoes inunpopulated regions, can eject ash high intothe atmosphere, posing a danger to distantpopulations. (V) Such explosions also createdrifting volcanic ash clouds that represent aserious hazard to airplanes.


53. (I) Weight, lift, thrust, and drag are the fourprimary sources acting upon an airplane.(II) Since the 1950s, aircraft technologyhas developed at an amazing speed,making especially great advances in thrust.(III) Weight, which is the force caused by

gravity, is also the force that offsets lift, whichis the upward force on the plane, becauseit acts in the opposite direction. (IV) Thrust,which is provided by a propeller or a jetengine, or a combination of the two, is theforce that pushes the airplane forward in theair. (V) The fourth force, drag, is created bythe friction that the airplane produces whenmoving through the air.


52. (I) The Anacostia River, which flows throughthe heart of Washington, DC, is just one ofdozens of severely polluted rivers in theUS. (II) It is contaminated with the molecularremnants of dyes, plastics, asphalt, andpesticides. (III) Recent tests have shownthat up to 68% of the rivers brown bullheadcatfish suffer from liver cancer. (IV) Waterpollution comes from many sources, such

as wastewater from textile and pulp mills,agricultural waste, and residential sewage.(V) Wildlife officials recommend that anyonewho catches the rivers fish toss them backuneaten, and swimming has been banned.


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57. - 80. sorular

57. 60. sorular aadaki paraya grecevaplaynz.

Balang saati : 11:00Biti saati : 12:00Toplam sre : 60 dakika

Her bir metin ve buna ait 4 soruyu cevaplamakiin toplam 10 dakika ayrnz.

A

FEN BLMLER - 16


15


60. The passage is mainly concerned with ----.

A) the advanced methods palaeontologists use to

date fossils

B) how palaeontology came to be recognized asa field of science

C) recent advances made in the study of genetic

mutations

D) the development of DNA testing and its use in

deciphering the genetic code

E) the relationship between humans and theenvironment they live in

57. It can be understood from the passage thatthe carbon-14 method ----.

A) involves the use of radioactivity to make fossils

decay

B) can be used to date fossils of any age

C) revolutionized potassium-argon dating

D) was no longer practiced after the 1960s

E) was the earliest form of radiometric dating

59. According to the passage, stratigraphy ----.

A) helped scientists to understand the

relationship among only fossil records

B) deals mainly with vegetative life in a given

region

C) started to be used in the study of fossils longafter its emergence as a science

D) later established the basis for DNA dating

E) allowed scientists to refine the methods of

biostratigraphy

58. It is clearly stressed in the passage that,before the development of different datingmethods, ----.

A) the molecular clock was used by scientists to

determine the age of fossils

B) the age of fossils could not be determined

reliably

C) palaeontology was regarded as a field of study

that was only concerned with the excavation

of fossils

D) it was impossible to know whether Africa was

the home of the first human beings

E) only the age of fossils which were older than50,000 years could be determined accurately

Palaeontology was once limited to diggingup fossils and trying to deduce their age withinaccurate methods. However, fossil analysisimproved dramatically in the 1960s, with theadvent and refinement of two techniques:radiometric dating and stratigraphy. The

first radiometric method was also knownas carbon-14 dating, and it was usable forspecimens younger than 50,000 years. Later,potassium-argon dating revolutionized the fieldby enabling scientists to detect the radioactivedecay of elements found naturally in rocksand soil surrounding much older fossils.Stratigraphy, which is the study of rock layering,actually was developed well before the 1960s,but that was the decade scientists began tobetter understand how geological conditions,earthen layers, and fossil records all relate. Theresulting refinement of biostratigraphy, i.e., thestudy of the complete life of a stratum of earth,

allowed scientists to determine the environmentand lifestyle of human ancestors based onfossilized flora and fauna found within the samelayer as the hominine fossils. Since the 1960s,DNA testing has come to be used widely. As allliving organisms have the same genetic code,scientists can use DNA variations as a molecularclock. After splitting with a common ancestor,each generation develops a constant rate ofgenetic mutations. The molecular clock allowsscientists to calculate how long ago the splitoccurred based on the number of differencesbetween species. The method is now helpingscientists map the routes that humans took out

of Africa.

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A

FEN BLMLER - 16


16


64. The passage ----.

A) doesnt explain clearly how toothed whales

vocalize

B) gives a full account of the study researchers

have made of baleen whales

C) focuses more on toothed whales than on

baleen whales

D) points out the similarities of sound production

in whales and human beings

E) describes in detail how toothed whales hunt in

total darkness

63. It is clear from the passage that toothedwhales ----.

A) can hardly find where their prey is located

B) navigate through the echoes of the soundsthey make

C) often come up to the sea surface to inhale

enough air

D) generally swim close to the seabed while they

are hunting

E) are better hunters than baleen whales,

especially in deep waters

62. According to the passage, baleen whales aredifferent from toothed whales because they----.

A) use their trachea to produce sounds

B) communicate with other whales through

whistles

C) can dive to immeasurable depths and find

their ways in full darkness

D) are much more efficient in locating feedingareas in the sea

E) produce what is called the whale song

61. It is pointed out in the passage that there issome uncertainty as to ----.

A) why both baleen and toothed whales usesounds in order to find their ways

B) whether toothed whales can travel longdistances in the sea without inhaling fresh air

C) how a baleen whales phonic lips function in the

production of sound

D) how baleen whales produce sound

E) how far whale songs travel in the sea whenwhales communicate with their mates

Baleen whales and toothed whales each havea unique way of vocalizing. Only baleen whalesproduce long sequences of deep sounds knownas whale songs. They have a larynx, an organat the top of the trachea, which may be involvedin sound production. Researchers are unclearabout the organs role in the songs as whalelarynxes are unlike those of humans, whichhave vocal chords. Toothed whales, on theother hand, rely on sequences of high-pitchedclicks and whistles for both echo location andcommunication with their mates. Their phoniclips, a structure analogous to human nasalpassages, press together when air is forcedthrough them, vibrating the surrounding tissue.The sound waves then penetrate an oily organin the whales head, called the melon, wherethey are focused into a beam of sound. Whenthis beam strikes a fish, the seabed, or anotherobject, the sound is reflected back to the whaleas an echo. Toothed whales can thus locate preyand navigate in total darkness. However, duringtheir long, deep dives, toothed whales cannotinhale air every time they want to produce asound. So they collect it in a sac at the back oftheir head and reuse it.

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A

FEN BLMLER - 16


17


68. According to the passage, the validity of atheory ----.

A) can seldom be rejected once all the

theoreticians share a common view

B) is always hard to maintain, since scientists

usually come up with contrary views

C) can only be established after a series of

arguments put forward by various theoreticians

D) is determined through the test of its

comparison with observed facts

E) always makes scientists proud of their work for

the progress of science

67. It is clear from the passage that theories ----.

A) usually provide guidelines for new discoveries

B) always arouse a great deal of controversy

among scientists

C) sometimes exist separately from observed

facts

D) can be maintained unless they are validatedby new facts

E) are specific formulations that are taken for

granted by many scientists

66. It is asserted in the passage that, whensomething is understood scientifically, ----.

A) it shows how essentially the theory rather than

the observation is important

B) this involves not only the relevant theory but

also an observation of facts themselves

C) this means the rejection of the arguments put

forward against it

D) the predictions made so far lose their

significance and are not taken into

consideration

E) this is because new facts have not beendiscovered yet

65. The point made in the passage is that theoriesare subject to revision or may lose their

validity ----.A) if and when new facts are brought to light

B) so long as they are not supported througharguments

C) because the arguments about them are not

based on facts

D) even though they have been tested and

compared with facts

A scientific view of something is always anintimate mixture of theories and observed facts.The theories are broad, general ideas togetherwith arguments based on them. The argumentsare designed to show that, if the general ideasare accepted, then this or the other thing oughtto be observed. If this, that, or the other actuallyis observed, then the theory is a good one; if not,then the theoreticians have to think again. Thus,theoretical ideas and arguments are continuallysubjected to the severe test of comparisonwith the facts, and scientists are proud of thestrictness with which this is done. On the otherhand, theories often suggest new things to look

for; in other words, they lead to predictions.These predictions are frequently successful, andscientists are entitled to be proud of that, too.But it follows that no theory is immutable; anyscientific view of any subject may, in principle,be invalidated at any time by the discovery ofnew facts.

E) due to the fact that most of the observations

they are based on cannot be tasted

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A

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18


72. It is pointed out in the passage that, inmaking synthetic silk, scientists have so farbeen successful in ----.

A) imitating the entire natural process of silkproduction

B) producing fibres suitable for parachutes and

bullet-proof vests

C) understanding the importance of proteins

D) producing artificial fibres about an inch in

thickness

E) obtaining the necessary proteins through

genetic modification

71. It is clear from the passage that naturalspider silk is produced ----.

A) in large quantities for use in the production ofvarious materials

B) only when the spiders silk gland has stored

enough liquid proteins

C) shortly before the spiders silk gland

undergoes a chemical reaction

D) through the transformation in the spiders silkgland of liquid proteins into fibres

E) even though the spiders silk gland fails to

have an adequate amount of liquid protein

mixture

70. According to the passage, artificial spidersilk ----.

A) could have various uses in industry

B) is produced only in chemical factories

C) is commonly known as a very profitable

product

D) is a material that has already had a wide

range of applications

E) is currently being produced in threads longer

than an inch

69. As stressed in the passage, with regard to theproduction of artificial spider silk, the mainproblem is ----.

A) the difficulty in mixing proteins with potassiumphosphate

B) that scientists are not seriously interested in it

C) how to make fibres as fine and long as natural

spider silk

D) whether the material can be used for various

purposes

E) whether it can be commercially and

technologically viable

Scientists are exploring ways of producing

spider silk artificially, a process difficult torepeat effectively. A spiders silk gland isa very efficient chemical factory. Inside itsgland, the spider stores a mixture of liquidproteins, which it is able to transform intolight, strong fibres. Artificial spider silk couldhave many applications, from lightweightand durable packing materials to parachutes,surgical sutures, and even bullet-proof vests.Producing it synthetically is a two-part process:scientists must first manufacture the proteinsand then find a way to form them into superfinethreads. They have had success with the firstpart, by producing proteins through geneticmodification. Binding proteins into fibres as thinand strong as spider silk, however, has provedto be a challenge. Recently, however, a groupof German scientists have attempted to solvethat problem by using a device modelled on aspiders glands. Like the arachnid method, theproteins are mixed with potassium phosphate,and then the pH is lowered before pressureis applied as the mixture flows through tinychannels, hardening and binding the proteins.So far, researchers have been able to makefibres of only a fraction of an inch long, but theyhope to be able to produce longer, stronger

fibres in the future.

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A

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19


76. One understands from the passage thatastrobiologists ----.

A) have focused all their efforts on the search for

life on other planets

B) regard organisms as indispensable for the

solution of environmental problems

C) were astonished by the discovery of so

unusual an organism in the depths of the Earth

D) have now shifted their attention to the study of

organisms deep in the Earth

E) have been particularly interested in the DNA

structure of a large variety of organisms

75. It is clear from the passage that what makesthe newly-found organism unique is that it----.

A) lives in an environment that lacks any kind of

organic life

B) can survive only through photosynthesis

C) feeds on the remains of dead organisms

D) does not have to produce proteins

E) exists only in the depths of the Earth

74. According to the passage, upon the analysisof the fluid found in a South African goldmine, scientists have learned that ----.

A) proteins discovered in it were made through

carbon and nitrogen

B) it contained only one type of organism, unlike

any of those already known

C) the Earth and other planets have similar

environmental conditions

D) the radioactive effects of uranium can be seen

very deep down in the Earth

E) all kinds of organisms can be found not only

on the Earth but also on other planets

73. As suggested in the passage, for scientists,the newly-discovered organism ----.

A) can be useful in preventing environmental

deformation

B) is unique only to Africas ecosystem

C) can provide clues about life on other planets

D) seems to reveal the beginnings of life on the

Earth

E) can survive only in an environment where there

is plenty of protein

An organism discovered deep in the groundhas taken astrobiologists by surprise. Theorganisms unique ability to live in completeisolation from other species, or even light oroxygen, suggests it could be the key to life onother planets. It was discovered in fluid-filledcracks in a South African gold mine, nearlythree kilometres beneath the Earths surface.When US scientists analyzed the fluid, theyexpected to find genes from a mix of species.Instead, they found that 99.9 per cent of the DNAbelonged to just one bacterium, a previouslyunknown species. Such a self-sufficientorganism is virtually unheard of. It means that

this organism extracts everything it needs froman otherwise dead environment. Almost allother known organisms on the Earth that donot use sunlight directly do use some productof photosynthesis. However, this newly-foundorganism gets its energy from the radioactivedecay of uranium in the surrounding rocks. Italso has genes to extract carbon and nitrogenfrom its environment, both of which are essentialfor making proteins. Scientists believe that thisorganism is just the type that could survive on aplanet other than the Earth.

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A


20


FEN BLMLER - 16


The human population continues to grow bymore than 75 million people annually. Sincethe first Earth Day in 1970, emission rates haveremained steady at about 1.2 metric tons ofcarbon per person per year. Unfortunately, the1997 Kyoto Protocol has had little measurableeffect on these per-capita emissions, evenin the countries that have agreed to nationaltargets. More than any other factor, populationgrowth drives rising carbon emissions, and theUS Census Bureau and United Nations bothproject that the global population, currently 6.6billion, will surpass 9 billion before 2050. Theimplication is that one of the best strategies for

reducing future greenhouse gas emissions ispopulation stabilization, as quickly as can beachieved by noncoercive means.

79. It is emphasized in the passage that annualpopulation growth in the world ----.

A) can be reduced effectively through theimplementation of the Kyoto Protocol

B) has the effect of raising the amount of carbon

emissions

C) plays no role in the increase in greenhouse

gas emissions

D) is constantly watched by the US Census

Bureau so that it can be kept stable

E) has alarmed many countries and forced them

to take measures to prevent it

Kalan 30 dakika srenin 15 dakikasn hibakamadnz sorular iin kullanabilirsiniz.Daha nce zerinde uratnz sorularatekrar geri dnmeyiniz.

Son 15 dakikalk sreyi asla soruzerek geirmeyiniz. Bu sre zarfndaseeneklerinizi saynz ve bo braktnzsorular, cevap kadnzda sayca en azkan seenee gre iaretleyiniz.

TEST BTT.CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDNZ.

80. As claimed in the passage, by 2050, theworlds population will ----.

A) increase by more than half

B) definitely reach a stable level

C) cease to have any effect on gas emissions

D) have a much lower growth rate

E) decrease by 75 million people per year

77. It is suggested in the passage that onefeasible way of reducing greenhouse gasemissions in the future ----.

A) may be through the control of population growth

B) is through the enlargement of the measures

included in the 1997 Kyoto Protocol

C) will be through the assignment of moreresponsibility to the United Nations

D) can best be found through cooperation among

all the countries in the world

E) depends to a large extent on the revision of the

1997 Kyoto Protocol

78. One understands from the passage that the1997 Kyoto Protocol ----.

A) was originally inspired by the celebration of

Earth Day in 1970

B) can be considered a major achievement by the

United Nations and the United States

C) does contain a set of extremely harsh sanctions

on gas emissions

D) has been most effective in the reduction of

greenhouse gas emissions

E) has been largely disregarded by the countries

that have signed it

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mB C D EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE


1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.






26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

41.

42.

43.

44.

45.

46.

47.

48.

49.

50.

A B C D EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE


51.

52.

53.

54.

55.

56.

57.58.

59.

60.

61.

62.

63.

64.

65.

66.

67.

68.

69.

70.

71.

72.

73.

74.






76.

77.

78.

79.

80.

81.

82.

83.

84.85.

86.

87.

88.

89.

90.

91.

92.

93.

94.

95.

96.

97.

98.

99.

100.

DS DENEME SINAVIFEN BLMLER - 16CEVAP ANAHTARI

A BKitapk Tr :

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DS DENEME SINAVIFEN BLMLER - 16

YABANCI KELMELER


1

survive = ayakta / sa kalmak, var olmay /yaamay srdr(ebil)mek, live on, remain,ztanl.= perish, die

Earth = dnya, yeryz, world, globe

distasteful = 1) tatsz, tad ho olmayan, naho;2) iren, yakksz, disgusting, revolting,(distasteful language = yakksz slup)

cordial = yrekten, kalben, iten, hearty, (Theygave us a cordial reception. = Bizi ok itenkarladlar.)

inhospitable = 1) yaam iin elveriliolmayan, barnlmaz, zt anl.= hospitable;2) misafir sevmez, dosta davranmayan,zt anl.= hospitable

persuasive = ikna yetenei olan, ikna edici, ztanl.= dissuasive, (The evidence is persuasivebut not conclusive. = Deliller ikna edici ama kesindeil.)

discreet = (azndan kan sze vehareketlerine) dikkat eden, ihtiyatl, tedbirli,careful, thoughtful, cautious, zt anl.= indiscreet,reckless, heedless

Soru 3

Charles Darwin = (1809-1882) evrimin, doalseilim yoluyla meydana geldii teorisini

gelitiren ngiliz doa bilimcisi

round-the-world = dnya evresinde, dnyayepeevre saran

voyage = 1) uzak diyarlara yaplan yolculuk;2) deniz ya da havayoluyla yaplan seyahat /yolculuk

influence = etkilemek, lead, affect, shape

obscurely = belirsiz / pheli / anlalmaz birekilde, (As a rule, articles of law are obscurelywritten. = Kanun maddeleri genellikle anlalmaz

bir dille / ekilde yazlr.)legitimately= 1) adil / mantkl bir ekilde;2) meru / yasal bir ekilde (a legitimately electedgovernment = kanunlara uygun bir ekildeseilmi hkmet)

hopefully = umutla, umutlu olarak, inallah, ztanl.= hopelessly, (Hopefully the weather will befine on Sunday. = Pazar gn hava inallah gzelolur.)

respectfully = saygl bir ekilde, zt anl.=disrespectfully, (He listened to his father

respectfully. = Babasn saygyla / saygl birekilde dinledi.)

Soru 1

cell = 1) hcre (bir canl organizmann en kkparas); 2) hcre (tecrit amacyla hapishanedetutuklu ya da hkmllerin kapatld oda);

3) cep telefonu, cellphone

organism = 1) bamsz olarak ilev grebilenve/veya hareket edebilen canl, being;2) birbirine baml paralardan olumu birsistem, (A society is essentially an organism. =Toplum, temelde bir organizmadr.)

harvest = rn almak, hasat yapmak, get crops

breakdown = 1) bozunma, znme,paralanma, partitioning; 2) sinir bozukluu,ruhen kme, nervous breakdown; 3) bozulma,arza, collapse, failure, (There was a power

breakdown. = Elektrik kesildi / kesintisi oldu.)

organic = organik (karbon temelli kimyasalbileiklerin oluturduu snfla ilgili, bu snfnzelliklerini tayan)

fuel = yakt

molecule = molekl (iki veya daha fazla atomunbirlemesiyle oluan ve bir maddenin kimyasalzelliklerini tayan en kk paras)

clarity = aklk, berraklk, netlik, clearness,lucidity, zt anl.= obscurity, opacity

performance = randman, verimlilik, performans,ilev, carrying out, functioning

reliance = gvenme, bel balama, dependence

ability = yetenek, kabiliyet, capability, capacity, ztanl.= inadequacy, limitation

Soru 2

bacterium = (oul: bacteria) bakteri

truly = gerekten, hakikaten, tam anlamyla,really, rightfully

remarkable = dikkate deer, olaanst, notable,extraordinary,zt anl.= ordinary

in terms of= ilgili olarak, asndan, bakmndan,on the basis of, in relation to

adaptation = uyum, adaptasyon, adjustment

extreme = ar boyutta, ok fazla, ekstrem,maximal, utmost, uttermost,zt anl.= mild,moderate

environment = 1) iinde yaanlan koullar,(I long for the comfortable environment of my

home. = Evimin rahatln zledim.); 2) evre,ortam, surroundings, environs

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FEN BLMLER - 16


2

Soru 4 - 6

area = alan, blge, country, domain, field,(a mountainous area = dalk bir blge),(Translation is not my area of specialization. =eviri, benim uzmanlk alanma girmiyor.)

in detail = ayrntl / detayl olarak, kapsaml birekilde, thoroughly, zt anl.= superficially

put off= 1) ertelemek, postpone;2) (bir ey)densoutmak, tiksindirmek, repel

give up = 1) (bir ey)den vazgemek, (bir ey)iterketmek / brakmak, let go of, zt anl.= seize,stick to; 2) teslim olmak, pes etmek, quit, zt anl.=go on

bring about = meydana getirmek, neden olmak,give rise, produce, effectuate, account for, (Thenew law brought about many complaints. = Yeni

yasa pek ok ikayete neden oldu.)

turn out (to be) =(bir ey olduu) ortaya kmak,prove to be, (At first he seemed to be an honestperson. But then he turned out to be a great liar.= nceleri drst birisi gibi grnyordu amasonra byk bir yalanc olduu ortaya kt.)

set out =balamak, yola koyulmak, girimek,embark (on), start, begin, commence, leave, setoff,zt anl.= stay, halt

Soru 6

space = uzay, boluk

rocket = roket

plunge =aniden ve byk oranda dmek, baaa gitmek, drop

ocean = okyanus

litter= p, atk

completely = tamamen, btnyle, entirely,totally, zt anl.= partly, partially

take up =1) ele almak, balamak, start; 2) (gaz,

sv) tutmak, iine almak, absorb;3)(sre)doldurmak, kullanmak, (zaman) almak

fall out = 1) (yere) dmek, dklmek; 2) (birii, kiiyi vs.) brakmak, terk etmek; 3) olmak,meydana gelmek, happen, turn out, (What makesyou think that everything will fall out as youplanned? = Her eyin planladn gibi gideceinidnmeni salayan nedir?)

give out = 1) datmak, distribute; 2) okyorulmak, bitmek, become exhausted

make up =dzenlemek, hazrlamak, oluturmak,

uydurmak, tekil etmek, comprise, compose,form, invent

profoundly =derin / kuvvetli (bir ekilde),derinden, deeply, thoroughly, zt anl.= weakly,superficially, (His words profoundly injured me. =Szleri beni derinden yaralad.)

Soru 4

capacity = kapasite, g, yeterlik

adapt to = (bir ey)e adapte etmek / olmak,uyarlamak, intibak etmek, adjust, accommodate

environmental = evresel, evre ile ilgili

extent = 1) kapsam, oran, byklk, derece,degree; 2) tamam, btn

adaptive = uyum gsterme (yetenei) ile ilgili,uyumlu, zt anl.= maladaptive

execute = uygulamak, yerine getirmek, (cezay /kiiyi) infaz etmek, carry out

vary = eitlilik gstermek, farkllk gstermek,dei(tir)mek, eitlen(dir)mek, change, differ,alter,zt anl.= remain, stay

discard = aklndan karmak, reddetmek, yoksaymak, dismiss, reject

abolish = kaldrmak, feshetmek, cancel, do awaywith, get rid of, zt anl.= establish, (Slavery wasabolished in the mid-19th century in America andin Russia. = Klelik, Amerika ve Rusyada 19.

yyn ortalarnda kaldrlmtr.)

merge=birle(tir)mek, combine, unite, zt anl.=separate, split, (The two companies mergedinto one. = ki irket, tek bir irketin ats altndabirleti.)

Soru 5

geological = jeolojik, jeoloji bilimiyle ilgili,(geological formations = jeolojik oluumlar /formasyonlar)

history = tarih, (make history = tarih yazmak)

Grand Canyon = Byk Kanyon (KoloradoNehrinin kuzey Arizonada oluturduu dar geit/ vadi)

region = yre, blge, alan, evre, zone, area,location

complex = karmak, complicated, zt anl.=simple, straightforward

previously =nceden, daha nceleri, earlier,formerly,zt anl.= subsequently, in the future

examine = 1) dikkatle gzden geirmek,incelemek, study, analyse; 2) muayene etmek,see

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Soru 7 - 11

shut down = son vermek,kapamak, faaliyetinidurdurmak, close down

Soru 9

fossil= fosil, fosilimsi, fosille ilgili

source = kaynak, kken, origin, root, supply

turn of the century=yzyln deiimine / bitiineyakn (bir yzyln balangcnn / bitiinin hemenncesi ve sonrasn kapsayan dnem), yzyldnm

unless = -medike / -madka, -medii / -madsrece, if not, except when, (You will not be freeof troubles unless you quit gambling. = Kumarbrakmadka / brakmadn srece banbeladan kurtulmaz.)

strict=1) sert, kat, sk, kurallara tam olarakuyan, tight, rigorous, zt anl.= lax, relaxed;2) tam, birebir, exact

policy =1) (bir konuda izlenecek) siyaset,politika, tutum; 2) sigorta poliesi

wisely = aklc / akll / doru bir ekilde, (Heacted wisely by not accepting the offer. = Teklifikabul etmeyerek akllca davrand.)

at present = 1) hemen, gecikmeden; 2) halihazrda, u an iin, currently, presently, at this

time;3)imdi, nowexhaust = gcn tketmek, wear out,impoverish, zt anl.= revive, invigorate

implement = uygulamak, yerine getirmek, putthrough, carry out, perform

Soru 10

microchip = mikroip, ip (entegre devrelerde,ok sayda (elektronik) ilev grebilecek ekildedizayn edilmi, yar iletken kk kristal silikon),chip, silicon chip

back in the late 1950s = 1950lerin sonlarnda,1950lerin sonlarna dnersek

advanced = gelimi, ileri dzeyde, innovative,modern, sophisticated

develop = 1) gelitirmek, ortaya karmak,bring out; 2) (hastalk vb. iin) ortaya kmak /balamak / gelimek

Soru 11

hope = mit etmek, ummak, desire, trust, ztanl.= despair

use up = kullanarak azaltmak, bitirmek, tketmek,deplete, run through

Soru 7

brain = 1) beyin; 2) zeka, wit, (Shes got plentyof brains bu no common sense. = ok zeki birkadn ama saduyudan yoksun.); 3) dahi, okakll kii, genius

be based on / upon = (bir ey)e dayanmak, bebuilt on, depend on

trillion = trilyon (12 adet sfr ieren rakam =1.000.000.000.000)

instruction = 1) ilem; 2) talimat

per= bana, her, her bir .... iin, (Pay 20 TL per

each worker. = i bana / Her bir ii iin 20 TLde.)

second = 1) saniye; 2) (genellikle etiketisklerek, emsallerinden ok daha ucuza satlan)defolu mal

rival =(birisi)ile rekabet etmek, (birisi) kadar iyiolmak, compete with

human = insan, insanolu

intelligence = 1) zeka, zekilik, zt anl.= stupidity;2) istihbarat; 3) istihbarat birimi / tekilat

predict=tahmin etmek, ngrmek, anticipate,guess

Soru 8

NASA = ABDde havaclk ve uzay uularndansorumlu, zerk bir devlet kuruluu, NationalAeronautics and Space Administration

experiment = deney, deneme, test,experimentation

surface = yzey, yz, (The facts have beenbrought to the surface. = Gerekler su yzne

kt.)moon = 1) dnyann uydusu olan ay;2) (herhangi bir gezegenin etrafnda dnen)uydu, satellite

financial = finansal, parasal, ekonomik,economic, monetary

reason = sebep, neden, cause

conduct = 1) (deney, aratrma vs.) yrtmek,ynetmek, uygulamak, administer, carry out,perform;2)iletmek, gtrmek, yn vermek,transmit, convey

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Soru 12 - 14

between = 1) (genellikle iki eyin) arasnda, (Theproject will cost between eight and ten million TL.= Proje sekiz-on milyon TL aras bir bedele malolacak.); 2) (belirli ikiden ok eyin) arasnda,

(Tom divided his fortune between his fourchildren. = Tom, servetini drt ocuu arasndapaylatrd.)

above = yukar(sn)da, zerinde, over

from / to = (bir ey)den (bir ey)e kadar, (Hesailed solely from Britain to Australia on his small,simple boat. = Kk, basit botuyla ngilteredenAvustralyaya kadar tek bana seyahat etti.)

Soru 13

gene = gen (DNAnn kaltmdan sorumlu olduu

kabul edilen ksm / blm)preference = tercih, taste

sweet = 1) tatl, dessert; 2) ekerleme, candy,confection

recently = yakn zamanda, son zamanlarda,lately

identify = 1) tan(m)lamak, tehis etmek,determine, diagnose; 2) kimliini tehis etmek;3) tip belirlemek / tanmlamak

researcher= aratrmac, investigator, research

workerover= 1) (edat) zerin(d)e, stn(d)e,yukarsn(d)a; 2) (zarf) (zaman iin) btn,boyunca, (stay over the weekend = hafta sonuboyunca kalmak); 3) (sfat) bitti, bitmi, (Thelesson is over. = Ders bitti.)

by = 1) (birbirine bitiik llerden sz ederken)e, (This room is three by six metres. = Bu oda metreye alt metre.); 2) tarafndan, yznden,(The plane may be delayed by the bad weather.= Uak kt hava koullar yznden gecikmiolabilir.); 3) yakn, yaknnda, (My house is by themosque. = Evim caminin yannda.)

into = (bir ey)in iine doru, (We pour moneyinto the education of our children. So wed liketo see results. = ocuklarmzn eitimi iin /eitimine para dkyoruz. Sonu almak / grmekisteriz.)

within = iinde, ierisinde, among, between,inside

Soru 14

existence = varlk, mevcudiyet, (bir ey)in varolmas, var olu, presence, zt anl.= absence

alternative = dier, baka, alternatif, (farkl bir)seenek, option

such as = gibi, like

wind = 1) rzgar, yel; 2) samimi olmayan, abartlkonuma, (Thats a lot of wind. = Bunlarn hepsibo laf.); 3) (midede) gaz, (I cant drink coke. Itgives me wind. = Kola iemiyorum. Bana gazyapyor.)

geothermal = jeotermal (dnyann alttabakalarnda bulunan s ile ilgili), (geothermalenergy = jeotermal enerji)

near future = yakn gelecek

once = ...olur olmaz, hele bir olsun, as soon as,(Once we are home, we can rest as much as

we like. = Hele bir eve varalm, istediimiz kadardinleniriz.)

resolve =1) zmek, solve; 2) karar vermek,decide; 3) azalmak, iyiye gitmek, recover

become = 1) olmak, meydana gelmek, (Hebecame King at the age of 10. = 10 yandakral oldu.); 2) -lemek / -lamak, (He becameannoyed when he saw his ex-girlfriend. = Eski kzarkadan grnce gerginleti.)

Soru 12

insect = bcekcolony = 1) koloni, bir arada yaayan insan,hayvan vs. topluluu; 2) smrge, dependency

ant = karnca

bee = ar

wasp = eek ars

termite = termit (ahab yiyerek yaayan,karncaya benzer, vcudu yumuak ve beyazmsbir tr sosyal bcek)

fascinate = merakn uyandrmak, bylemek,

kendine hayran brakmak, intrigue, attract theattention of

naturalist = doa bilimci

artist = sanat, ressam

among = (genellikle ikiden ok eyin) arasnda,(She disappeared among the crowd. =Kalabaln arasnda gzden kayboldu.)

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Soru 15 - 17

Soru 16

great = byk, muazzam, ulu, big

potential = potansiyel, olas, possible

create = yaratmak, oluturmak, produce

experimental = deneye dayanan, deneysel,observational

recombination = (genetik bilimi) rekombinasyon(genlerin ya da karakter zelliklerin, anne vebabannkinden farkl bir ekilde birlemesi / biraraya gelmesi)

view = 1) deerlendirmek, (bir ey olarak)grmek, consider, regard; 2) dikkatliceincelemek, look at; 3) (film vs.) izlemek, watch

dangerous = tehlikeli, serious, severe, unsafe, ztanl.= safe, (Unemployment reached dangerousproportions. = sizlik tehlikeli oranlara / boyutlaraulat.)

unethical =etik olmayan, ahlaka aykr, immoral,zt anl.= ethical, moral

as long as = 1) artyla, so long as; 2)srece,mddete

just as = 1) (zaman balac) tam (bir ey oluyor)iken, while, when, (The school building collapsedjust as the school-children were leaving. =

Okul binas tam ocuklar karken km.);2) (benzetme balac) olduu gibi ..., nasloluyorsa..., (Just as we are frightened of mice,they are scared of us. = Biz nasl farelerdenrkyorsak, onlar da bizden korkuyorlar.)

Soru 17

geology = jeoloji (dnyay oluturan kaya,toprak vs. unsurlarla ilgilenen ve dnyanntarihi boyunca bu unsurlarn nasl deiimgsterdiklerini inceleyen bilim dal)

provide (with) = salamak, bulmak, temin etmek,supply, render,zt anl.= withhold

better= (good sfatnn ve well zarfnn ikinciderecesi) daha iyi / gzel

understanding = anlay, anlama, idrak,comprehension

evolution = evrim, gelime, phylogenesis,development, zt anl.= devolution

present = 1) varolan, mevcut, var; 2) (yoklamayaplrken) Burada!, zt anl.= absent; 2) bugnk,halihazrdaki, eldeki, zt anl.= future, past

galaxy = galaksi, yldz sistemleri topluluu

recognize = kabul etmek, tanmak, farkndaolmak, farkna varmak, acknowledge, discern,realize

until = (belli bir tarihe ya da olay)a kadar, till

early 20th century = 20. yyn balar /balangc

since then = (daha nce belirtilmi bir zamanaatfta bulunmak amacyla kullanlr) o zamandanberi

focal point = odak noktas

astronomical = 1) astronomi ile ilgili; 2) (fiyat vs.iin) astronomik, ok yksek / pahal

investigation = aratrma, soruturma, tefti,inceleme, inspection, examination, research

even = 1) bile, hatta, dahi, de / da, yine de;2) dz, przsz, zt anl.= uneven; 3) eit, fifty-fifty, level, zt anl. = uneven; 3) (ikiye blnebilen)ift say

whether (or not) = olup olmadn, (yap)p(yap)mayacan, (yap)sa da (yap)masa da,ister ister , (I am not sure whether or not heis guilty. = Onun sulu olup olmadndan emindeilim.)

Soru 15

gemstone = kymetli ta, cevher, mcevher

making = imalat

jewellery = kuyum, ziynet eyas

durable = dayankl, salam, sturdy, long-lasting,zt anl.= fragile

withstand = (bir ey)e dayanmak, (birisi ya da birey)e kar koymak, direnmek, resist

process = sre, aama, ilem, ilemler btn,

procedure, progressionhandle = 1) ilemek, kullanmak, ele almak,manipulate; 2) baa kmak, ilgilenmek, idareetmek, stesinden gelmek, manage, deal with,tackle

shape = ekil vermek, ekillendirmek,biimlendirmek, oluturmak, meydana karmak,influence

thus = bylece, bu yolla, bu nedenle, therefore,hence

even if= ... olsa bile, ... halinde bile

or else = yoksa, aksi takdirde, otherwise, or

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Soru 18

Soru 18

geometry = geometri (nokta, izgi, eri veyzeylerle ilgilenen teorik matematik dal)

derive from = (bir ey)den elde etmek / karmak/ tre(t)mek, obtain from, originate from

Greek = Yunan, Yunanl, (ancient Greek art =antik Yunan sanat)

word = 1) kelime, szck; 2) sz, vaat, promise,(Dont count on his word. = Onun sznegvenme.)

mean = 1) demek, anlamna gelmek, convey,(The red light means Stop. = Krmz k, Duranlamna gelir.); 2) demek istemek, kastetmek,belli bir ama ile sylemek, (bir ey)i yapmay

dnmek, aim, plan,(You never understandwhat I mean. = Sylemek istediimi hi anla(ya)myorsun.)

measurement = lm (bir eyin enini, boyunuvs. lmek iin yaplan ilem), (Accuratemeasurement is very important in science. =Bilimde doru / hassas lm ok nemlidir.)

oldest = (old sfatnn nc derecesi) en eski /yal

branch = dal, kol, bran, (banka vs. iin) ube

mathematics = matematik (miktar, biim ve

dzenin mant ile ilgilenen temel bilim dal),maths

as = 1) olarak (I work in this office as a translator.= Bu iyerinde evirmen olarak alyorum.);2) -dike / -dka, -dii / -d zaman, (Blood-sugar levels go up as you digest food. =Yiyecekler sindirildike kan ekeri seviyesiykselir.); 3) nk, dii iin,diinden dolay,(Susan took a days leave from work as shewas feeling unwell. = Susan rahatszland iiniten bir gn izin ald.); 4) gibi, benzer ekilde,(I cooked the meal as my mother did. = Yemei,annemin piirdii gibi / yntemiyle piirdim.)

which = 1) (ilgi zamiri) ki, ki onu, -dm, -an /-en, (Houses which overlook the sea cost more.= Denize bakan evler daha pahal oluyor.), (Thatwas a situation for which I was unprepared. =Bu, benim hazrlkl olmadm bir durumdu.);2) hangisi sorusu, (Which one do you like? =Hangisini beendin?)

feature = 1) zellik, ayrc / belirgin nitelik,property, characteristic, element; 2) (bir toprakparas ya da harita zerindeki yol, tmsek gibi)iaret

serve = (bir ey)e faydas olmak / hizmet etmek,cevap vermek, perform

society = 1) topluluk, toplum; 2) dernek, club

variety = cins, tr, eitlilik, deiiklik, farkllk,diversity, potpourri

practical = pratik, elverili, uygulamaya ynelik,practicable, feasible, zt anl.= impractical,theoretical

way = a, biim, ekil, yol, yntem, tarz, (Dontshout at me like that. You are hurting me in

this way. = Bana yle barma. Bu ekilde benikryorsun.)

either= (iki kii ya da eyden) herhangi biri, (Youcan park your car on either side of the road. =Arabanz yolun herhangi bir yakasna (bu yakaya da kar yaka) park edebilirsiniz.)

either... or... = ya..., ya...

so = dolaysyla, bu yzden / nedenle, therefore,thus, then

not only / but also = yalnzca ... deil ayrca ...da, sadece ... deil ayn zamanda ... da (birinciye

ek olarak, ikinci ifadenin de geerli olduunugstermek iin kullanlr), (The software wasnot only complicated but also very expensive. =Yazlm program sadece karmak deil, aynzamanda ok da pahalyd.)

so long as = artyla, olmas halinde, as long as

Gramer notu: As long as artyla ve srecedemek iken, so long as sadece artylaanlamn tar. Buna gre, so long as kullanlanherhangi bir cmlede as long as balac dai grr. Ancak herhangi bir cmlede as long

as yerine so long as kullanlmak isteniyorsa,birinci balacn artyla anlamn tamasgerekir. Aadaki rnek cmlede as long assrece anlamn tad iin, yerine so longas balac kullanlamaz. (rn: I will not forgetthis favour of yours for as long as I live. = Buiyiliini, yaadm srece / mrm boyuncaunutmayacam.)

not once = (bir eyin daha nce hi olmad /meydana gelmedii vurgulanrken) hi, asla, birkez bile (olmamtr vs.), never once, (Not oncedid they finish a job properly. = Daha nce hangi

ii doru dzgn bitirmiler ki? / Daha nce hibirii doru dzgn bitiremediler ki!)

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Soru 19 - 23 (Metin)

use = kullanm

low = dk, az, (miktar asndan) fakir /yetersiz, small, zt anl.= high, big

pollutant = kirletici maddelow-sulphur forms of petroleum = dkkkrtl petrol trleri

complete = eksiksiz, btn, whole

burning = 1) ya(n/k)ma, combustion; 2) yanmaeklinde ar; 3) elektrik vererek idam etme,electrocution

recycle = geri dntrmek / kazanmak,reprocess, reuse

shift = 1) (bir eye doru) ynelme, deime,

kayma, switching, transformation; 2) vardiya,(shift work = vardiya usl alma)

less = (little less the least) (genelliklesaylamayan cins isimlerle kullanlr) daha az, ztanl.= more

generation = 1) (elektrik vs. iin) retim; 2) nesil

solar energy = gne enerjisi

in place of= yerine, instead of, as an alternativeto

over the past few decades = son 20-30 yldr

example = rnek, misal, numune, case, instance,model, (I made an example of him. = Bakalarnaders olsun diye onu cezalandrdm.)

as well as = 1) (bir ey)e ek olarak, de / da, ve;2) (hem) hem de , in addition to; 3) hem de..., (onu) da, and also

to a certain extent=bir yere / dereceye kadar, tosome extent

in fact = aslnda, esasen, in reality, in truth,indeed

period = 1) dnem, devir, (belirli bir) sre;2) (kadnlarda) adet, menstruation

achieve = baarmak, (zorlu bir uratan sonra)elde etmek, kazanmak, accomplish, zt anl.= fail,lose, quit

improvement = dzelme, ilerleme, iyiletirme,gelime, enhancement, progress, advance,ztanl.= impairment, deterioration

quality = 1) kalite, nitelik, vasf, kalibre, calibre;2) karakter zellik, character

that = 1) (ilgi zamiri) ki, ki onu, -dm, -an / -en,(Houses that overlook the sea cost more. =Denize bakan evler daha pahal oluyor.), (Thatwas a situation that I was unprepared for. =

Bu, benim hazrlkl olmadm bir durumdu.);2) (isim cmlesi balant eleman / balac) ki,olduu, olaca, (It is clear that you are the veryman for the job. = Tam bu iin adam olduunuzbelli.); 3) (iaret sfat ya da zamiri) u, o, (Whosthat girl? = u / O kz kim?), (Is that Mr. OrhanDuman speaking? = Orhan Duman Beyle migryorum?)

whose = (ilgi zamiri) ki onun, (Jurors, whoseidentities are kept secret, will decide whether theaccused is guilty or not. = Kimlikleri gizli tutulanjri yeleri, sann sulu olup olmadna karar

verecekler.)its = (iyelik sfat, cinsiyeti belli olmayan nesnelerya da canllar iin kullanlr; kendisinden sonraisim alr) onun, (The cat was crying with pain;its tail was broken. = Kedi acyla baryordu;kuyruu kopmutu.)

19. 23. sorular(Metinde geen yabanc kelimeler)

pollution = kirlenme, kirlilik, contamination

major= geni / byk apl, byk, balca, asl,

chief, primary, great,zt anl.= minor, unimportant,little

challenge = (insana meydan okuyan trden)zorluk, baarlmas zor i, (To build a bridge inone day was a real challenge. = Bir gnde birkpr ina etmek baarlmas zor bir iti.)

most = ou, birok, ok sayda, byk ounluk/ ounluu, (Most people like eggs. = Yumurtayou insan sever.)

face = (birisi / bir ey) ile kar karya gelmek,yzlemek, yz yze gelmek, (birisi / bir ey)in

karsna kmak, confront, encounter, challenge,zt anl.= avoid, evade, retreat (from)

task = i, grev, dev,job, duty, work

clean up = 1) temizlemek, temizleyipbertaraf etmek; 2) (oday vs.) toplamak, tidy;3) temizlenmek, (Clean up before you go to themeeting. = Toplantya gitmeden nce temizlen /kendine eki dzen ver.)

difficult = zor, zahmetli, skntl, hard,unmanageable, zt anl.= easy

insurmountable = baa klmaz, g yetmez,insuperable, zt anl.= surmountable

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Soru 19 - 25

also = ...de / ...da, ayrca, ek olarak, (bir eyeekleme yaparken) bir de..., (Im cold, and Imalso very tired. = dm; bir de ok yoruldum.),additionally, in addition, as well, besides,

likewise, too

Soru 24

whereas = oysa, iken, ramen, while, (The oldsystem was fairly complicated, whereas the newsystem is really very simple. = Eski sistem bayakarmakt; oysaki yeni sistem ok basit.)

ordinary = 1) sradan, alelade; 2) olaan,allm, her zamanki, usual, regular,zt anl.= unusual

solid=1)kat madde; 2) kat hal, solid state,

solidness; 3) cisim(yzeyleri arasnda tamamenkapal bir hacim oluturan boyutlu ekil)

ordinary solids = sradan katlar

definite = kesin, net, certain, zt anl. = indefinite

size = hacim, byklk, l

liquid = sv, likit

too = 1) .. de / ... da, ayrca, ek olarak, (He has aMercedes, too. = Bir de Mersedes arabas var.);2) ar, ok, (It is too hot. = Hava ar scak.)

none = hi, hibiri(si), (I would have liked to offer

you some cake but theres none left. = Size birazkek ikram etmek isterdim ama hi kalmam.),(Although my students are good at maths, nonecould pass the last test. = Aslnda rencilerimmatematikte iyidirler ama son snavda hibirisibaarl olamad.)

volume = 1) hacim; 2) (elektronik cihazlarda) sesdmesi / dzeyi; 3) (kitap vs. iin) cilt, (a book ofthree volumes = ciltlik bir kitap)

as well = (cmle sonunda kullanlr) -de / -da,(We are participating in the meeting and the

banquet as well. = Toplantya da, yemee dekatlyoruz.)

container= (ie, sandk, varil gibi her trden)kap, konteynr

consist of= (bir ey)den meydana gelmek /ibaret olmak, be made up of

a vast number of= ok sayda, saylamayacakkadar ok

Soru 25

rain forest = yamur orman

Soru 19

as if= gya, sanki mi / ... m gibi, as though,(He didnt give me any money but advice; as ifthats going to be of any use to me! = Bana para

yerine t verdi; sanki bir iime yarayacakmgibi!)

in case =(bir ey ol)masn diye, korkusu ile, lest,(I called the fire brigade in case the blaze fromour next door neighbour should spread throughthe building. = Kap komumuzdan gelen alevlerbtn binaya yaylr korkusuyla itfaiyeyi aradm.)

Soru 20

discrimination = ayrmclk, ayrm yapma, bias,unfairness,zt anl.= impartiality

in combination with = (bir ey) ile birlikte, togetherwith

purification = 1) saflatrma, ar hale getirme,prifikasyon, refinement; 2) gnahlardan arn(dr)ma

authorization = yetki verme, yetkilendirme, yetki,izin, ruhsat, authority, empowerment, sanction

utilization = kullanma, yararlanma, kullanm,employment, usage, use

Soru 23

nor= 1) (genellikle neither ile birlikte ve iki eyindoru olmadn ya da meydana gelmediinianlatrken kullanlr) ne, ne de, (John can neitherread nor write. (= John cannot read or write.)= Johnun ne okumas ne (de) yazmas var.);2) (olumsuz bir ifadeye ayn ynde eklemedebulunurken) ne de, ...de / ...da, (-I didnt like hisplan.; -Nor did I. = -Yapt plan beenmedim.;-Ne de ben.)

neither= 1) (iki eyden ikisi de deil anlamnda)(-Who was more friendly? The husband or the

wife?; -Neither. = Kimi daha cana yakn buldun?Adam m, karsn m?; -Hibirini.); 2) (olumsuzbir ifadeye ayn ynde eklemede bulunurken)ne de, ...de / ...da, (-I dont like horror films.; -Meneither. = -Korku filmlerinden holanmyorum.;-Ne de ben.)

neither / nor= (bala) ne... ne (de)..., ...de/da...de/da, (Neither he nor his wife eats meat. =John da, ei de et yemiyorlar. / Ne John, ne deei et yiyor.)

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Soru 26

extinction = soyu / nesli tkenme, yok olma,(They think a meteor caused the extinction ofthe dinosaurs. = Dinozorlarn yok olmasna birmeteorun yol at dnlyor.)

long-term = uzun vadeli / sreli / erimli, zt anl.=short-term

open up= 1)(bir yerin) gelimesine imknvermek, ulalabilir hale getirmek; 2) balatmak,yol amak, pave the way for

Amazon = Amazon (Gney Amerikann, AndDalarnn dousunda kalan orta ve kuzeykesiminde bulunup nehirlerinde, dnyadaki btnnehirlerin %20si miktarnda su tanan ve pekok deiik trde canlya ev sahiplii yapanAmazon Yamur Orman ile kapl blge)

basin = havza, taban, (krater iin) i ksm

mining = madencilik

Soru 26

significant = kayda / dikkate deer, nemli,considerable, important, zt anl.= insignificant,unimportant, (Meat offers a significant amountof protein. = Et, kayda deer miktarda proteinsalar.)

part = para, ksm, blm, grev, division,component, function

unsuitable = uygun olmayan, uygunsuz, yersiz,inappropriate, wrong, improper, inapplicable,undesirable, zt anl.= appropriate, suitable

agriculture = tarm, ziraat

habitation = yerleim, ikamet, iskan, oturma,dwelling

nature reserve = ulusal park (koruma altnaalnm, doal gzellikler ieren yer)

reserve = 1) rezerv, kaynak(lar), supplies;2) koruma altna alnm her trl eya, maddevs., stockpile

establish = 1) kurmak, tesis etmek, institute,found, set up; 2) saptamak, tespit etmek,authenticate, verify, show, prove;3)oluturmak,oturtmak, form, found, lay down, constitute

be located =(bir yerde) bulunmak, be situated

Far East = Uzak Dou

population = nfus, poplasyon (biyolojide,bir trn, belli bir alanda yaayan bireylerinintamam)

occupy = 1) igal etmek, invade; 2) (bir yer)deyerleik olmak, reside (in)

small = kk, ufak, little, modest, zt anl.= big,large

percentage = yzde, yzde oran

land = toprak, kara, arsa, soil, ground, earth

true = gerek, doru, halis, genuine, honest,rightful, zt anl.= false

in addition to = (bir ey)e ek olarak, as well as

high = yksek, yksekte, yukar, nemli, tiz, ar,iddetli, (high and dry = karaya oturmu (gemi)),(high society = yksek sosyete), (high words =ar / fkeyle sylenmi szler)

rainfall = bir blgeye, belli bir zaman araliinde den toplam ya

humidity = nem, rutubet, humidness

mild =hafif, lml, lman, moderate, slight, ztanl.= severe, intense

government = hkmet, devlet, authorities,regime

introduce smt to = (rn. bir ortam ya dapiyasa)ya arz etmek / sunmak / getirmek

severe =sert, kat, iddetli, ciddi, hard, rigid,

serious, difficult,zt anl.= soft, mildmeasure =1) nlem, tedbir, precaution; 2) miktar,l, dzey

eliminate = ortadan kaldrmak, yok etmek,gidermek, elemek

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