feminism in maleficent film by robert stromberg...
TRANSCRIPT
FEMINISM IN MALEFICENT FILM BY ROBERT
STROMBERG
THESIS
Submitted to the Board of Examiners in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirments for Literary Degree
at English Literature Department
by
HERTINA PERAWATI
AI.140235
ADAB AND HUMANITIES FACULTY
THE STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY
SULTHAN THAHA SAIFUDDIN JAMBI
2018
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MOTTO
ن ذكر أو أن ثى نكم مي ل مي يع عمل عامي ن ب عض فاستجاب لم رب هم أني ل أضي ين ب عضكم مي فالذيهم سييئاتيي رن عن م وأوذوا في سبييليي وقات لوا وقتيلوا لكفي يريهي ن دي لن هم جنا هاجروا وأخريجوا مي م ولدخي
ن عيندي اللي ن تتيها الن هار ث وابا مي عينده حسن الث وابي تريي مي ﴾٥٩١﴿آل عمران: والل
Terjemahan:
“Maka Tuhan mereka memperkenankan permohonannya (dengan
berfirman): “Sesungguhnya Aku tidak menyia-nyiakan amal orang-
orang yang beramal di antara kamu, baik laki-laki atau perempuan,
(karena) sebagian kamu adalah turunan dari sebagian yang lain.
Maka orang-orang yang berhijrah, yang diusir dari kampung
halamannya, yang disakiti pada jalan-Ku, yang berperang dan yang
dibunuh, pastilah akan Ku-hapuskan kesalahan-kesalahan mereka
dan pastilah Aku masukkan mereka ke dalam surga yang mengalir
sungai-sungai di bawahnya, sebagai pahala di sisi Allah. Dan Allah
pada sisi-Nya pahala yang baik”.1
The Meaning:
And their Lord hath heard them (and He saith): Lo! I suffer not the
work of any worker, male or female, to be lost. Ye proceed one from
another. So those who fled and were driven forth from their homes
and suffered damage for My cause, and fought and were slain, verily I
shall remit their evil deeds from them and verily I shall bring them
into Gardens underneath which rivers flow – A reward from Allah.
And with Allah is the fairest of rewards.2
1 AL QUR’AN AL KARIM DAN TERJEMAHNYA. Al Imron ayat 195, hal 76 C.V. TOHA PUTRA:
Semarang 2 AL-QUR’AN TERJEMAH, Surah Al Imron Ayat 195,
http://ayatalquran.net/2015/01/surah-ali-imran-the-family-of-imraan-terjemah-bahasa-inggris/. Accesed on Sunday 12 November 2018 at 13.45
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DEDICATION
Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin...
In the name of Allah SWT most gracious merciful and the Prophet
Muhammad SAW, the inspiration of Moslem’s life, I dedicate this thesis to my
beloved father, Heryadi and my beloved mother Siti Fatimah, you are my hero
and thanks for your praying. My beloved brother Evan Hermadi and my beloved
sister Anatri Islamiyah you are my strength. I do love you all. I feel so prestigious
because living around the super skillful and wise people as you are all.
For my friend Muhammad Parmadi and other friends who cannot be said
one by one. I would like to say thanks a lot for your care and suggestion that are
given to me as long as my journey in writing this thesis. The last for all people
who have helped me in writing this thesis, I would like to say thank you so much. I
love you all as always.
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AKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstly, I would like to say Alhamdulillahirabbil’ alamin, all the prise to
Allah subhanahu wata’ala the lord of all creatures, because of His Blessing from
the starting point of my study until now at the end of my study. Peace be upon to
our Prophet Muhammad shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam, hopefully we will get His
syafa’at later at the last day.
Secondly, I would like to say thanks a lot to people who helped the writer
to write this thesis. I would like to say thanks to my supervisors Dr. H. M. Yusuf,
M.Ed, Minsakutra, SS, M.Hum who have helped me, guided, supported and
suggested me in writing this thesis. I also would like to say thank a lot to my
classmate E-LITE 2014 who have given suggestion and support to finish this
thesis.
To accompolish this thesis I would like to give one great deal to many
people. I would like to say thanks for their contribution, they are:
1. Dr. H. Hadri Hasan, MA as a Rector of Islamic University of Sulthan
Thaha Saifuddin Jambi.
2. Prof. Dr. Maisah, M.Pd.I as the dean of Adab and Humanities Faculty.
3. Dr. Alfian, S.Pd, M.Ed as the First Dean Deputy of Adab and
Humanities Faculty. Dr. H. Muhammad Fadhil, M.Ag as the Second
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ABSTRACT
Hertina Perawati 2018: Feminism in Maleficent Film by Robert Stromberg,
English Literature Department, Adab and
Humanities Faculty, The State Islamic University
Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi
Supervisor : 1. Dr. H. M. Yusuf, M.Ed
2.Minsakutra, SS, M.Hum
The writer choose to analyze feminism in Maleficent film by Robert
Stromberg besides being interested, the writer also found that there was an
element of women oppression by men where men wanted to control women. This
research is entitled "Feminism in Maleficent Film by Robert Stromberg". The
purpose of this research are; 1) to know the kind of feminism in Maleficent film
by Robert Stromberg, 2) to know the factors causing the appearance of feminism
in Maleficent film by Robert Stromberg, 3) to know the influence of feminism on
the main characters in Maleficent film by Robert Stromberg.
The writer used the mimetic approach by Abrams and feminism theory by
Rosmarie Putnam Tong to support the writting of this thesis. Qualitative research
and descriptive method have been used to describe and analyze the data. The data
in this research are Maleficent scripts and films.
The results of this research, the writer had found one kind of feminism that
existed in the Maleficent film, namely ecofeminism. For the factors that led to the
appearance of feminism in the Maleficent film, the writer had found, namely:
ecological protection factors and ending domestic violence and abuse factors. The
writer also found the influence of feminism on the main character, namely:
Women and nature are dominated and thus stresses the need for a more
interdependent worldview and All living things are essential to the well being of
the planet and that humans are not separate or superior.
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ABSTRAK
Hertina Perawati, 2018: Feminism in Maleficent Film by Robert Stromberg,
English Literature Department, Adab and
Humanities Faculty, Universitas Islam Negeri
Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi
Supervisor : 1. Dr. H. M. Yusuf, M.Ed
2. Minsakutra, SS, M.Hum
Penulis memilih menganalisis feminisme yang ada pada film Maleficent
oleh Robert Stromberg, selain tertarik penulis juga menemukan ada unsur
penindasan terhadap wanita yang dilakukan laki-laki, dimana laki-laki ingin
mengontrol wanita. Penelitian ini berjudul "Analisis Feminisme Dalam Film
Maleficent oleh Robert Stromberg". Tujuan penelitian ini adalah; 1) untuk
mengetahui jenis feminisme dalam film Maleficent oleh Robert Stromberg, 2)
untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab munculnya feminisme dalam film Maleficent
oleh Robert Stromberg, 3) untuk mengetahui pengaruh feminisme pada karakter
utama dalam film Maleficent oleh Robert Stromberg.
Peneliti menggunakan pendekatan mimesis oleh Abrams dan teori
feminisme oleh Rosmarie Putnam Tong untuk mendukung penulisan thesis ini.
Penelitian kualitatif dan metode deskriptif telah digunakan untuk memaparkan
dan menganalisa data. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah naskah dan film
Maleficent.
Hasil dari penelitian ini, penulis menemukan satu jenis feminisme yang ada
pada film Maleficent, yaitu ekofeminisme. Untuk faktor penyebab munculnya
feminisme dalam film Maleficent, penulis telah menemukan yaitu: faktor
perlindungan ekologis dan juga faktor mengakhiri kekerasan dan penyiksaan
domestik. Penulis juga menemukan pengaruh feminisme terhadap toko utama
yaitu: Perempuan dan alam didominasi dan dengan demikian menekankan
perlunya pandangan dunia yang lebih saling bergantung dan Semua makhluk
hidup penting bagi kesejahteraan planet dan bahwa manusia tidak terpisah atau
lebih unggul.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
PAGE OF TITLE. ................................................................................ i
APPROVAL.........................................................................................ii
LETTER OF RATIFICATION ....................................................... iii
ORIGINAL THESIS STATEMENT ............................................... iv
MOTTO ............................................................................................... v
DEDICATION .................................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................vii
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................ ix
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................... x
TABLE OF CONTENT ..................................................................... xi
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 1
1.1 Background of the Problem .................................................. 1
1.2 Formulation of the Problem .................................................. 6
1.3 Limitation of Problem .......................................................... 6
1.4 Purpose of the Research ....................................................... 6
1.5 Significant of the Research ................................................... 7
CHAPTER II : THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ......................... 8
2.1 Mimetic Approach ................................................................. 8
2.2 Feminism Theory ................................................................... 9
2.2.1 Kinds of Feminism .................................................. 12
2.2.2 Factors Causing of Feminism .................................. 17
2.2.3 Influence of Feminism ............................................ 20
2.3 Definition of Film ................................................................ 22
2.4 Character and Characterization............................................ 23
2.4.1 Major and Minor Characters ................................... 24
2.4.2 Dynamic and Static Characters ............................... 24
2.5 Review of Related Research ................................................ 25
CHAPTER III : METHOD OF THE RESEARCH ....................... 28
3.1 Design of Research .............................................................. 28
3.2 Source of Data ..................................................................... 30
3.3 Technique of Data Collecting .............................................. 30
3.4 Technique of Data Analyzing .............................................. 31
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CHAPTER IV : FINDING ANALYSIS .......................................... 33
4.1 The Kind of Feminism in Maleficent Film by Robert Stromberg 33
4.2 The Factors Causing the Appearance of Feminism in Maleficent Film by
Robert Stromberg ............................................................... 42
4.3 The Influence of Feminism on The Main Character in Maleficent film by
Robert Stromberg ............................................................... 50
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .................. 59
5.1 Conclusion ........................................................................... 59
5.2 Suggestion ........................................................................... 59
REFERENCES .................................................................................. 61
APPENDIX I.................................................................................... xiii
APPENDIX II ................................................................................... xvi
APPENDIX III .................................................................................. xx
APPENDIX IV .................................................................................xxii
1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Problem
Literature in any current encyclopedia and you will be struck by the
vagueness of its usage as well as by an inevitable lack of substance in the attempts
to define it. In most cases, literature is referred to as the entirety of written
expression, with the restriction that not every written document can be categorized
as literature in the more exact sense of the word. The definitions, therefore,
usually include additional adjectives such as “aesthetic” or “artistic” to distinguish
literary works from texts of everyday use such as telephone books, newspapers,
legal documents, and scholarly writings. Underlying literary production is
certainly the human wish to leave behind a trace of oneself through creative
expression, which will exist detached from the individual and, therefore, outlast
its creator. The earliest manifestations of this creative wish are prehistoric
paintings in caves, which hold “encoded” information in the form of visual signs.3
It is only in drama that the union between the spoken word and visual
expression survives in a traditional literary genre, although this feature is not
always immediately noticeable. Drama, which is traditionally and without
hesitation viewed as literature, combines the acoustic and the visual elements,
which are usually classified as non literary. Even more obviously than in drama,
the symbiosis of word and image culminates in film. This young medium is
3 Mario Klarer, An Introduction to Literary Studies,(Routledge: New York, 2004), p.14
2
particularly interesting for textual studies, since word and picture are
recorded and, as in a book, can be looked up at any time. Methodsof literary and
textual criticism are, therefore, frequently applied to the cinema and acoustic
media. Computer hypertexts and networks such as the Internet are the latest
hybrids of the textual and various media; here writing is linked to sounds, pictures
or even video clips within an interdependent network.
As early as Greco-Roman antiquity, the classification of literary works into
different genres has been a major concern of literary theory, which has since then
produced a number of divergent and sometimes even contradictory categories.
Among the various attempts to classify literature into genres, the triad epic,
drama, and poetr has proved to be the most common in modern literary criticism.
Because the epic was widely replaced by the new prose form of the novel in the
eighteenth century, recent classifications prefer the terms fiction, drama, and
poetry as designations of the three major literary genres. The following section
will explain the basic characteristics of these literary genres as well as those of
film, a fourth textual manifestation in the wider sense of the term. We will
examine these types of texts with reference to concrete examples and introduce
crucial textual terminology and methods of analysis helpful for understanding the
respective genres.4
From statements above that means literature has wide meanings as written
expression as an art in the life to reflex feeling into literary work, every person
can defined what is literature, based on the both of statements literary works such
4Mario Klarer, An Introduction to Literary Studies,(Routledge: New York, 2004),p. 22
3
as: Drama, Poetry, Novel and also Film which became the focus of the author who
made the film as the object of research in this thesis. How the film inflences the
viewers in psychological condition, such as happy, sadness, fear, regret, laughter,
encourage and hopes all of them representing of feeling as human.
At the beginning of the twenty-first century, it is impossible to neglect film
as a semi-textual genre both influenced by and exerting influence on literature and
literary criticism. Film is predetermined by literary techniques; conversely,
literary practice developed particular features under the impact of film. Many of
the dramatic forms in the twentieth century, for example, have evolved in
interaction with film, whose means of photographic depiction far surpass the
means of realistic portrayal in the theater. Drama could therefore abandon its
claim to realism and develop other, more stylized or abstract forms of
presentation. Photography and film have also had a major influence on the fine
arts; novel, more abstract approaches to painting have been taken in response to
these new media. The same can be said for postmodern fiction, which also derives
some of its structural features from film.5
Maleficent film is an American fantasy film directed by Robert Stromberg
from a screenplay by Linda Woolverton. Produced by Joe Roth for Walt Disney
Pictures, principal photography took place between June and October 2012.
Maleficent live on EI Capitan Theater in Hollywood on May 28, 2014, and
released in the UK in the same year. The film was released in the US on May 30,
2014 in Disney Digital 3D, RealD 3D, and IMAX 3D formats, as well as in
5Mario Klarer, An Introduction to Literary Studies,(Routledge: New York, 2004), p. 69
4
conventional theaters. The film was commercially successful after earning $ 758
million worldwide, becoming the fourth grossing film of 2014. The film received
an Academy Award nomination for best costume design at the 87th Academy
Awards, and the film also looks feminism so the author feels interested to analysis
this film.
Feminism comes from the Latin word, femina or female. This term began to
be used in the 1890s, referring to the theory of equality of men and women and
the movement to obtain women's rights.6 Today many define it as a differentiation
of women's rights based on the equality of women and men.
Feminism is a notion to awaken the low position of women in society, and
the desire to improve or change the situation.7 The position of women so far in
society is always below or behind men. A position that is very unfavorable for
women to develop themselves. Feminism is a move for the changing position of
women in society.
The writer chose to analyze feminism in Maleficent film by Robert
Stromberg besides being interested, the writer also found that there was an
element of women oppression by men where men wanted to control women, the
emergence of feminism in this film was caused by several factors such as;
ecofeminism protection and ending domestic violence and abuse.
Mimetic approach and feminism theory also used by the writer to analyze
this Thesis. Based on the observations by the writer in the Maleficent film, the
6 Asmaeny Azis, Feminisme Profetik (Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana, 2007), 78. 7 Ratna Saptari dan Brigitte Holzner, Perempuan Kerja Dan Perubahan Sosial, (Jakarta :
PT Pustaka Utama Grafiti, 1997) , 47
5
writer founds the factors of conflict that led to the emergence of feminism in this
film, such as the conflict between Maleficent and King Henry, Maleficent and
Stefan. Conflict factors that cause the emergence of feminism are political factors
and revenge factors.
To get better understanding of the analysis. Firstly, writer writes about the
conflict of Maleficent and King Henry in Maleficent film. The example of
conflicts are :
Picture 18 Maleficent: Go no further!
King Henry: A king does not take orders from a winged elf.
[his soldiers laughs]
Maleficent: You are no king to me!
[Henry stares at Maleficent for a moment then addresses]
King Henry: Bring me her head.9
From the above dialogue, the writer sees the conflict between Maleficent
and King Henry, where it appears that Maleficent want to save her place from
king Henry. Maleficent is not afraid to losing the battle with King Henry and his
army, and Maleficent bravely challenged King Henry.
Based on the explanation above, to find out the feminism in the Maleficent
film by Robert Stromberg, writer wanted to analyze : “Feminism in Maleficent
Film by Robert Stromberg”
8 Duration 00:10:59 9Duration 00:10:59-00:11:22
6
1.2 Formulation of the Problem
Based on the background of the problem, the formlation of problem in this
research are :
1. What is the kind of feminism in Maleficent film by Robert Stromberg?
2. what are the factors causing the appearance of feminism in Maleficent
film by Robert Stromberg?
3. How are the influence of feminism on the main character in Maleficent
film by Robert Stromberg?
1.3 Limitation of the Problem
Based on the problem, so the writer limits this research only concerning
about the main character of Maleficent in Maleficent film by Robert Stromberg
and the factors that cause the appearance of feminism in Maleficent film by
Robert Stromberg.
1.4 Purpose of the Research
The purpose of this research are :
1. To know the kind of feminism in Maleficent film by Robert Stromberg.
2. To know the factors causing the appearance of feminism in Maleficent
film by Robert Stromberg.
3. To know the influence of feminism on the main character in Maleficent
film by Robert Stromberg.
7
1.5 Significant of the Research
The writer hopes that this research will add to benefit both academic and
also practice, this research will give additional academic reference in enlarging
the english term catalog, it can be used as the reference for other studies in the
case of feminism. The readers can know the struggle and power of women and to
inform readers about the ability of women which is can be same event more than
man
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CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 Mimetic Approach
From the initial position that are imitates the world of appearance and not
of essence, it follows that works of art have a lowly status in the realm of ideas is
the ultimate locus not only of reality but of values, the determination that art is at
second remove from the truth automatically establishes it is equal remoteness
from the beautiful and good. The mimetic orientation is the explanation of art as
essentially an imitation of aspects of the universe.10
According to Abrams, the mimetic approach is the most primitive aesthetic
approach. Its historical roots are contained in the views of Plato and Aristotle.
According to Plato, the basis of his consideration is the world of experience, that
is, the literary work itself cannot represent the real reality, but only as an
imitation. In a hierarchical manner, artwork is under reality. This view was
rejected by Aristotle with the argument that the work of art tried to purify the
human soul, as katharsis. Besides that, artwork also tries to build its own world.11
The mimetic approach is an approach in studying literary works in the form
of understanding the relationship of literary work with reality or factuality. In this
approach literary works are considered as imitations of nature or lif
10Abrams, Orientation of Critical Theories, pdf books, p.8 11 Prof. Dr. Nyoman Kutha Ratna, Teori, Metode, dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra, (Pustaka
Belajar:Yogyakarta, 2004), p. 69-70
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2.2 Feminism Theory
The term ‘feminism’ was derived from the Latin word ‘Femina’ meaning
‘woman’ and was first used with regard to the issues of equality and Women’s
Rights Movement. Ever since antiquity, there have been women fighting to free
their half of the total population of the world from male oppression. Feminism is
neither a fad nor a logical extension of the civil rights movement, but the protest
against the legal, economic and social restrictions on the basic rights of women
which have existed throughout history and in all civilizations. Naturally, the
principles of feminism have been articulated long ago.12 Wilfred al Guerin said:
“Feminism has often focused upon what is absent rather than what is
present, reflecting concern with the silencing and marginalization of
women in patriarchal culture, a culture organized in the favor of men,
feminism is an overtly political approach and can attack other
approach for their false assumption about women.”13
The definition of the term ‘feminism’ differs from person to person.
Chaman Nahal in his article, “Feminism in English Fiction”, defines feminismas
“a mode of existence in which the woman is free of the dependencesyndrome.
There is a dependence syndrome: whether it is the husband or the father or the
community or whether it is a religious group, ethnic group. When women free
12 Shodhganga, “Concept Of Feminism in Literature”, http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in
/bitstream/10603/44108/7/07_chapter%202.pdf, on March 15, 2018 at 14.05 13 Wilfred L. Guerin, et.al, A Handbook of Critical Approach to Literature Fifth Edition
New York: Oxford University Press. 2005, p. 222
10
themselves of the dependence syndrome and l ead a normal life, my idea of
feminism materialises.14
Feminism is a movement influenced by the ideas postulated, popularized
and precipitated by thinkers and authors like Alice Walker, Naomi Littlebear,
Judith Felterbey, Michele Wallace, Lillian Smith, Elaine Showalter, Simone de
Beauvoir, Kate Millett and others. It is a modern movement expressing protest
against the male domination. It provides strategies for change. The aim of feminist
is to understand women’s oppression keeping in mind race, gender, class and
sexual preference.15
The impact of feminism on literary criticism over the past thirty-five years
has been profound and wide-ranging. It has transformed the academic study of
literary texts, fundamentally altering the canon of what is taught and setting a new
agenda for analysis, as well as radically influencing the parallel processes of
publishing, reviewing and literary reception. A host of related disciplines have
been affected by feminism literary enquiry, including linguistics, philosophy,
history, religious studies, sociology, anthropology, film and media studies,
cultural studies, musicology, geography, economics and law.16
The overview begins with the first two chapters, Carolyn Dinshaw’s
‘Medieval Feminism Criticism’ and Helen Wilcox’s ‘Feminism Criticism in the
Renaissance and Seventeenth Century’, which together establish the
14 Wilfred L. Guerin, et.al, A Handbook of Critical Approach to Literature Fifth Edition
New York: Oxford University Press. 2005,p. 53 15 Wilfred L. Guerin, et.al, A Handbook of Critical Approach to Literature Fifth Edition
New York: Oxford University Press. 2005,p. 54 16 Gill Plain and Susan Sellers, A History of Feminist Literary Criticism, Cambridge
University Press: New York, 2007, p. 1
11
conditions of pre Enlightenment female subjectivity. These chapters
illustrate that ‘woman’ was a site of intense literary and critical activity that
examined the power of the feminine as symbol even as it worked to contain and
constrain women in practice. For Dinshaw, the tension between literary
embodiments and lived reality is at the heart of the often fraught debates that
surrounded narrative practice. These debates in many cases prefigured the
concerns of contemporary feminist enquiry, but ultimately Dinshaw con-cludes
that ‘medieval critical gestures’ cannot straightforwardly be regarded as
‘protofeminism’. Nonetheless, there are important historical continuities that need
to be acknowledged, and a recognition of the relationship between gender and
textuality is integral to understanding the literature and culture of the medieval
period, from Chaucer’s iconic Wife of Bath to Margery Kempe’s autobiographical
acts of self construction.17
Nasaruddin umar stated:
“ Kaum perempuan sejajar dengan laki-laki dalam potensi intelektualnya,
mereka juga sebagaimana laki-laki, dapat berfikir, mempelajari kemudian
mengamalkan apa yang mereka hayati dan zikir kepada allah serta apa
yang mereka fikirkan dari alam raya ini”18
In oxford advance learner’s dictionary, feminism is belief in the same right
as men.19 Based on some definition above, the writer can take the conclusion that
feminism is a movement for social, cultural, political and economic equality of
17 Gill Plain and Susan Sellers, A History of Feminist Literary Criticism, Cambridge
University Press: New York, 2007,p. 6-7 18 Nasarudin Umar. Argumen Kesetaraan Gender Perspektif Al-Qur’an. Jakarta:
Paramadina.1996.p xxxii 19 Bull Victoria, Oxford Advance Learner’s Dictionary, Forth Edition, New York: Oxford
University Press.2008, p. 163
12
men and women. It is a campaign againts gender inequalities and it strives for
equal rights for women.
2.2.1 Kinds of Feminism
According to Rosemarie Putnam Tong in her book there are some kind of
feminism, those are :
a) Liberal feminism
Liberalism, the flow of political thought which is the origin of
liberal feminism, is in the process of reconceptualization, rethinking and
restructuring. Although liberals define reason in general in moral and
prudential terms, they agree that a just society will allow an individual to
show his autonomy, and also to satisfy himself. According to liberals,
"rights" must be given priority over "good" in other words, the whole
system of individual rights is justified, because this right produces a
framework, which is the basis for us to choose what is the best for each
of us, as long as we don't take away the rights of others.
Liberal feminism wish to free women from oppressive gender
roles, that is, from the roles used as reasons or justifications for giving a
lower place, or not giving a place at all to women, both in academies,
forums and markets.
In a discussion of attitudinal and structural barriers that hinder
women's progress, contemporary liberal feminism often disagree about
steps to overcome this difficulty. Classical liberal feminism believe that
13
after discriminatory laws and policies are eliminated, women have been
formally enabled to compete equally with men. Discussions on gender
differences, gender roles and androgyny have helped to focus liberal
feminism drive on freedom, equality and justice for all.
b) Radical Feminism
To understand the radical-libertarian and cultural radical feminism
views, it is important to first define the sex / gender system. The sex /
gender system is "a series of arrangements, which are used by society to
transform biological sexuality into a product of human activity. Among
other things, radical-libertarian feminism reject the assumption that there
is or should be a definite relationship between the sex of a person (male
or female). Instead, they claim that gender is separate from gender, and
patriarchal society uses rigid gender roles, to ensure that women remain
passive (loving, obedient, responsive to sympathy and approval, cheerful,
kind and friendly) and men stay active (strong, aggressive, curious,
ambitious, full of plans, responsible, original and competitive). In the
opinion of socialist feminism like Ann Ferguson, libertarian and radical-
cultural feminism need to improve their divisions to avoid unnecessary
polarization. As emphasized earlier, Ferguson emphasized that instead of
their objections regarding man and women sexual relations, radical
libertarian feminism believe that consensual heterosexuality (not
compulsory) can be equally pleasing to women, as it is pleasing to men.
c) Marxist Feminism
14
Like the liberal concept of human nature present in liberal
feminism thinking, the Marxist concept of human nature is also present
in Marxist feminism thought. Marxists reject the liberal conception of
human nature, and emphasize that what makes us human is that we
produce our ways to stay alive.
For liberals, individual ideas, thoughts, and values can change over
time. For Marxists, the impetus for the material production and
reproduction of social life is the main driver of history. Marxist feminism
believe that social existence determines consciousness.
d) Psychoanalysis and Gender Feminism
Contrary to liberal, radical and Marxist feminism, psychoanalysis
and gender feminism believe that fundamental explanations for women's
ways of acting are rooted in women behavior, especially in women's
ways of thinking. Unlike psychoanalysis feminism, gender feminism tend
to argue that there may indeed be biological differences as well as
psychological differences, or cultural explanations of male masculinity
and female femininity.
e) Existentialist feminism
In the beginning, narcissism was beneficial for women. As
someone who is experiencing puberty, she can build from worship of her
ego, a courage to face a very unpleasant future. In the end, narcissism
hinders women's progress. She becomes bound by the need to fulfill male
desires and to adjust to people's tastes. Narcissistic self-esteem depends
15
on the approval of the man and the community towards her. She is only
beautiful if the community states that she is beautiful. She has no power
or sway to express her beauty.
f) Postmodern feminism
Because the relationship between postmodernism and feminism is
rather difficult, feminism which clarifies itself as a postmodern feminism,
often finds it difficult to explain how they can become postmodern and at
the same time, feministm. Postmodern feminism, trying to avoid every
action that will restore fologocentric thinking, every idea that refers to
the word (logos) whose style is "male" thus, postmodern feministm view
suspiciously every feminism thought that seeks to provide a certain
explanation, concerning the causes of oppression against women, or ten
specific steps that women must take to achieve freedom. Postmodern
feminism invite every woman who reflects on her writing to be feminism
in the way she wants. There is no one formula to be a "good feminism".
Even if you think that all postmodern feministm are interested in
feminism theory in ways that marginalize feminism practices is wrong, it
must be admitted that most postmodern feminism are very skilled in the
field of theory. Because postmodern feminism insist that their goal is to
write something new about women.
g) Multicultural and Global Feminism
Multicultural and global feminism share similarities in their way of
looking at the Self, that is, the Self is divided. Nevertheless, for
16
multicultural and global feminism this division is more of a cultural,
racial, and ethnic nature than sexual, psychological, and literary. There
are many similarities between multicultural and global feminism. Both
oppose "essentialism of women", namely the view that the idea of
"women" exists as a platonic form, which as if by every woman with
blood and flesh, could fit into that category. Both of these feminism
views also deny the "women chauvinism" which is the tendency of a few
women, who are benefited because of their race or class, for example to
speak on behalf of other women.
Instead of important similarities linking multicultural and global
feminism, there are some major differences that distinguish them.
Multicultural feminism is based on the view that even in one United
States, for example all women are not created or constructed equally.
Depending on race and class, as well as sexual tendency, age, religion,
educational attainment, occupation, marital status, health conditions, etc.,
every woman in the United States will experience operations as a
different American woman. Enriching a multicultural feminism
viewpoint, global feminism further emphasize that depending on whether
a woman is a first or third world citizen, an advanced or developing
country, a country that is colonized or colonized will experience
oppression differently.
h) Ecofeminism
17
Like multicultural and global feminism, ecofeminism seeks to
show the relationship between all forms of human operation, but also
focuses on human efforts to dominate the world rather than humans, or
nature. because women are culturally associated with nature,
ecofeminism argue that there is a conceptual, symbolic, and linguistic
relationship between feminism and ecological issues. According to Karen
J. Warren, the basic beliefs, values, attitudes, and assumptions of the
western world for themselves and their people are shaped by an
oppressive, partiarch conceptual frame of mind that aims to explain,
justify, and maintain the relationship between domination and
subordination in general and male domination of women in particular.20
Ecofeminism emerged in the 1970s with an increasing
conscious-ness of the connections between women and nature. The
term,“eco-feminisme,”was coined by French writer Francoise
d’Eaubonne in 1974 who called upon women to lead an ecological
revolution to save the planet. Such an ecological revolution would
entail new gender relations between women and men and
between humans and nature.21
20 Rosemarie Putnam Tong, Feminist Thought; A More Comprehensive Introduction,
Second Edition, Yogyakarta: Jalasutra. 1998 21 Ecofeminisme, http://www.vedegylet.hu/okopolitika/Merchant%20-%20Ecofeminism.
pdf. P. 184
18
2.2.2 Factors Causing of Feminism
Feminism are as diverse as any group of people. Values, beliefs and causes
vary from person to person. Below are just a handful of the many items that
feminism have been known to concern themselves with. Also, included are links
to organizations that work to solve these issues.
a. Ending Domestic Violence and Abuse
You may not realize it, but the vast majority of people know a
women who has been the victim of domestic violence. And because this
is such as widespread issue that disproportionately affects women (yes,
men can also be victims of spousal abuse) it is one that receives a lot of
attention from the feminist community. Amnesty International is one of
the many organizations that deals with domestic abuse towards women.
b. Reproductive Rights
Ensuring that every woman was the ability to make the best
decisions for herself and her family regarding reproduction is a big issue
in the feminist community. This doesn't mean that every feminist wants
free abortion parties for all women, but instead being able to consider all
available options without restriction from the government or anyone else.
The Center for Reproductive Rights is one group that is working to
advance reprooductive rights for women nationally and internationally.
c. Equal Pay and Maternity Leave
19
It doesn't seem to make much sense that two people who do the
exact same work, in equal conditions with identical experience may not
make the same amount of money. And while there are a ton of variables
that can be considered when looking at a situation like this, most of the
time the difference boils down to gender. Also, workers in fields that are
typically dominated by women, like cleaning services, nursing and food
service; are more likely to be low-wage, no-benefit, underappreciated jobs.
This is despite that fact that they are services that nearly everyone utilizes.
To learn more about this issue, check out The National Committee on Pay
Equity.
d. Ecological Protection
Also known as eco-feminism, this is a movement that connects the
subordination of women with the deprivation of nature. The ideology
claims that patriarchy has oppressed not only women and minorities, but
also the environment and even men. The current system, it says, treats
people, land and animals only as resources available for consumption.
The Web site for the Women's Environmental Network has a lot of great
information on eco-feminism.
e. Legal and Economic Autonomy
This is less of a concern in the United States now than in other
regions, specifically in Asia, South America and Africa. But there are
several organizations in Europe, North America and even in these other
regions that are dedicated to providing women with more rights to
20
property and in marriage, access to health care and legal representation.
These are just a few of the many issues that The National Organization
for Women deals with.22
So the factor causing of feminism is by the injustice against women. such as
domestic violence and abuse, reproductive rights, equal pay and maternity leave,
ecological protection, legal and economic autonomy. So women struggle to free
themselves from these injustices. The women wanted to show their ability and
their power in front of society, and broken dwon the term that women's place is in
'kitchen' at the time.
2.2.3 The Influence of Feminism
Equality of women and men is an issue that never stops being discussed
among women activists. Feminists take advantage of the term "human rights" and
"empowerment" of women to voice the movement of feminism. At first glance,
the concept of feminism is not problematic because it aims to uplift women who
have been considered discriminated against and violated by men. But the concept
of feminism that in fact comes from the West and uses the standards of life of
Western women who tend to be free.
Later it was known that many problems for women themselves. They are
unhappy in their lives, even among women who are caught in crime. Sahar El-
Nadi said :
22 Shanon Parrish, A Guide to Feminism: Causes, Concerns and Movements,
http://iml.jou.ufl.edu /projects/fall09/parrish_s/issues.html. Accesed on 31 October 2018, at 11.50 am
21
“konsep feminisme jadi problem karena dengan alasan persamaan
hak dan kesetaraan, sadar atau tidak sadar perempuan ditanamkan
pemikiran dan pandangan bahwa kaum lelaki adalah manusia yang
agresif, emosional, memonopoli lapangan kerja dan menutup
kesempatan bagi kaum perempuan untuk memiliki banyak pilihan
selain hanya mengurusi urusan rumah tangga.”
Equivalence according to the concept of feminism, that men and women
must have the same life, equal responsibility and ultimately experiencing the same
pressures of life. Does the concept make women happy? Apparently not. The
more women feel that they are able to live up to the standards of feminism, the
more they feel miserable. The Institute of General Social Survey has conducted
research on this subject among US society. They examined how the mood of US
society from 1972 until now, and the result, the women of the United States who
in fact embraced the concept of feminism, their life more bleak than the men.
Women experience worse conditions, because they are asked to play two
roles rather than one role that women's duties within the home and men's duties
make a living outside. Carried by the 'feminist revolution' women are victorious in
gaining so-called freedom in the world of men, while many men experience a
crisis of identity. So no wonder if now many men are 'feminine', dress and behave
like a woman. This kind of change can be understood, because of the concept of
equality, since girls are encouraged to learn bold and aggressive children like
boys. Educational style like this will be carried away until the girl was an adult.
They will grow with an approach to become the "selfish man" in the world.
The concept of feminism is now developing, making women, especially in
developed countries undermine the role of women as wives and mothers. Many of
them do not want to be bothered with obligations as wives and mothers so they
22
tend to vote for free sex without commitment, choosing to raise children without
the presence of a father and even same-sex marriage. It is all done in the name of
"women's rights." If so, then the women's wars in society disappear.23
According to Karren J warren, there are two influence of ecofeminism:24
1. Women and nature are dominated and thus stresses the need for a more
interdependent worldview.
2. All living things are essential to the well being of the planet and that
humans are not separate or superior.
2.3 Film
At the beginning of the twenty-first century, it is impossible to neglect film
as a semi-textual genre both influenced by and exerting influence on literature and
literary criticism. Film is predetermined by literary techniques; conversely,
literary practice developed particular features under the impact of film. Many of
the dramatic forms in the twentieth century, for example, have evolved in
interaction with film, whose means of photographic depiction far surpass the
means of realistic portrayal in the theater. Drama could therefore abandon its
claim to realism and develop other, more stylized or abstract forms of
presentation. Photography and film have also had a major influence on the fine
arts; novel, more abstract approaches to painting have been taken in response to
23 Viska, Muslimah dan Feminisme, https://renares.wordpress.com/tag/pengaruh-
feminisme/. Accesed on April 27,2018 at 16.34 24 Karren J Warren in Susan Dobscha Journal, Women and the Environment: Applying
Ecofeminism to Environmentally-Related Consumption, (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State
University:1993), p. 36-40
23
these new media. The same can be said for post-modern fiction, which also
derives some of its structural features from film.25
Film is one of literary works, it needs and interested to analyze. Film
communicates information and ideas that contains in it. According to Andrew
Bennett and Nicholas Royle in their book, film is neverthless, inextricably tied in
with the study of literature. Thinking about film provides innovative ways of
thinking about literature, and vice versa.26
Film was designed to have effects on viewers. late in the 19th century,
moving picture emerged as a public amusement. They succeeded because they
spoke to the imaginative needs of broad based audience. All the traditions that
emergedtelling fictional stories, recording actual events, animating objects or
pictures, experimenting with pure form aimed to give viewers experiences they
could not get from other media. The men and woman who made film discovered
that they could control aspects of cinema to give their audience richer, more
engaging experiences. learning from one another, expanding and refining the
options available, film makes developed skills that became the basics of film as an
art form.27
2.4 Character and Characterization
Character is fiction of the players in a very important story and a picture of
real people who are involved in the story. It is another window for determining
25 Mario Klarer, An Introduction to Literary Studies,(Routledge: New York, 2004),p 56 26 Bennet, Andrew, and Nicholas Royle, Introduction to Literature, Criticism and Theory
third edition. Britain :Pearson Longman.2004, p. 142 27 Kristin Thomson and David Bordwell, Film art: An Introduction, New York:
McGrawhili.2008, p.28
24
and comprehending the story within. Characterization is the means by which
writers present and reveal character28. It is mean that characterization depicts of
character in a fiction. There are four types of character. They are major and minor
characters, dynamic and static characters.
2.4.1 Major and Minor Characters
Major character is an important figure at the center of the story’s action or
theme. It is sometimes called a protagonist whose conflict with an antagonist my
spark the story’s conflict.29 It means the story will be blank and uninteresting
without this character, until each character is different personality depending on
the family background, education, region and setting that differentiate between
one character and another.
Minor character is supporting the major character whose fiction is partly to
illuminate the major character. It could be divided into two or more characters.
2.4.2 Dynamic and Static Characters
Dynamic character exhibits some kinds of change of attitude, of purpose, of
behavior as the story progress. And static character is character that unchanging.
Minor character is often static. But, someone should be careful not to
automatically equate major characters with dynamic ones or minor character with
static ones.
28 Robert Di Yanni, Literatre ; Reading Fiction, Poetry, Drama and Essay (United State of
America : McGraw-Hill Pblishing Company, 1990 ) p. 36 29 Robert Di Yanni, Literatre ; Reading Fiction, Poetry, Drama and Essay (United State of
America : McGraw-Hill Pblishing Company, 1990 ) p. 36
25
2.5 Review of Related Research
The writer finds some researches that has same topic like this research.
First, Dewi Hegarsari a student of Syarif Hidayatullah University on her thesis
with the title ‘An Analysis of Female Main Character in Maleficen (2014) Film
Viewed by Ecological Feminism' the thesis analyzed (1) How is Maleficent
character described in the Maleficent film. (2) How is Maleficent as the main
character reflect ecological feminism in the Maleficent film. In this research she
use ecological feminism theory to analyze her thesis and use descriptive method
to analyze and find character of Maleficent. The result show that in Maleficent
film the ecological feminism is one of the theories related to nature also
women, and better explain the result of action oppression conducted by a person.
Second, Aenun Nahdiyati the student of University Syarif Hidayatullah
Jakarta on her thesis with the title “An Analysis On Liberal Feminism Values Of
The Main Character In The Film “Miss Potter”.30 The purpose of this research is
to explores the concepts of liberal feminism to express women’s idea through the
film which appears in the film Miss Potter. This research use qualitative
descriptive analysis as the method to analyze the relationship between the main
character and the liberal feminism values which are appeared in the main
character of the film. The writer search and collect some reference for documents
like books, film, articles, and journals. The result for the analysis are; the
30 Aenun Nahdiyati, An Analysis On Liberal Feminism Values Of The Main Character In
The Film “Miss Potter”.(Thesis: Syarif Hidayatullah University of English Liters Department), 2009,p.1
26
characteristics of the main character which reflects the liberal feminism values
and the main character applies androgyny in her life like liberal feminists suggest.
Third, Rahma Ayu Dwi Jayanti a student of STAIN Tulungagung on her
thesis title “An Analysis Of Feminism Portrayed In The Main Character,
Elizabeth Bennet, In Jane Austen’s Pride And Prejudice”31 The purpose of this
research are 1) describe the character of the main character, Elizabeth Bennet
presented in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice. 2) reveal feminism portrayed
through the main character, Elizabeth Bennet. In writing this thesis the writer
conducted a library research to answer all the questions that are presented in the
problem formulation. There are two kinds of sources that are used in this thesis.
The primary source is obtained from the novel itself, Pride and Prejudice. The
secondary source is obtained from the books related to the theories and other
sources are from the internet. Based on the analysis, the results of the study are
follows. First, the writer can conclude the Elizabeth is describes as a person who
is intelligent, brave, sharp tongue, independent and family lover in the novel.
Second, the feminism is clearly portrayed through Elizabeth’s character. Elizabeth
reflected the Marxist feminism, which this type of feminism shows the woman’s
problems within the framework of capitalism. From her intelligent, brave and
independent she dares to turn society’s image for woman’s role in a family and
she can change the view for marriage under capitalism in Pride and Prejudice
period.
31 Rahma Ayu D, An Analysis Of Feminism Portrayed In The Main Character, Elizabeth
Bennet, In Jane Austen’s Pride And Prejudice, (Thesis: STAIN Tulungagung of English Education Department), 2013, p.1
27
Meanwhile, the authors lifted the title of a film focusing on Maleficent as
the main character of her strength and courage as a woman who is not afraid of
anyone including men. The author uses feminist theory and psychological
approach to analyze it. Dewi Hegarsari, Aenun Nahdiyati and Rahma Ayu
Dwijayanti use the same object with the author, but using different approaches
and theories
28
CHAPTER III
METHOD OF THE RESEARCH
This chapter describes about the procedure of the writer used in analyzing
this thesis includes design of research, source of the data including primary and
secondary data, technique of collecting data, and after that technique of analyzing
data.
3.1 Design of Research
In this research, the writer uses qualitative research method, because
qualitative method is suitable with the aim of this research. Qualitative research
may be in descriptive form. The data were collected in the form of word as a
descriptive method explanation than a number. Descriptive is : "data yang
dikumpulkan berupa kata-kata, gambar dan bukan angka-angka. Hal itu
disebabkan oleh penerapan metode kualitatif".32 In this theory,Moleong explains
that qualitative research is research procedures which produce descriptive data as
spoken words of the person or behavior being researched.
It means that descriptive research is a research which aims describe a
phenomenon accurately based on the characteristic of research. One of the
characteristic of qualitative is analytic descriptive, which means the result of the
32Lexi J Moleong, (2005). Metodologi Penelitian Kalitatif. ( Bandung: PT. Remaja Roda
Karya), p.11
29
research will give the description of research phenomena. According
Sukmadinata in Nisaul Fadhilah’s book stated that :
“penelitian kualitatif adalah suatu penelitian yang di tujukan untuk
mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis fenomena, peristiwa, aktivitas
sosial, sikap, kepercayaan, persepsi pemikiran orang secara
individual maupun kelompok”33
Base on the quotation above, it can conclude that qualitative descriptive
research to describe and analyze phenomena in the society. An according to
Nyoman Kutha Ratna stated that :
“penelitian kualitatif memberikan perhatian terhadap data alamiah,
data dalam hubungannya dengan konteks keberadaanya. Cara-cara
inilah yang mendorong metode kualitatif dianggap sebagai multi
penelitian sebab penelitian pada giliranya melibatkan sejumlah besar
gejala sosial pengarang, lingkungan sosial di mana pengarang
berada, termasuuk unsur-unsur kebudayaan.”34
Base on the quotation above, the qualitative this research can be used in
this research due to the qualitative method not only involves the intrinsic aspect in
literary work, but it also can be related with the extrinsic aspect in the literary
itself, so, that is why, the qualitative method also can be said as multi method.
Because, the relating of the intinsic aspect and extrinsic aspect in the literary
itself. From those statements, it can conclude that qualitative research is analyzing
about the descriptive data such as writer or spoken, by using this qualitative
method make the writer easy to answer the problem formulation in “Maleficent
Film”
33 Nisaul,f, (2005), Metodologi Penelitian, Publishers MISYKAT Anggota IKAPI. P . 34 34 Nyoman Kutha Ratna. (2015). Teori, Metode, Dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra. Cet. Ke-1
edisi (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar), p. 47
30
3.2 Source of Data
Source of data in this research is taken from Maleficent Film. Maleficent
film is an American fantasy film directed by Robert Stromberg from a screenplay
by Linda Woolverton. Produced by Joe Roth for Walt Disney Pictures, principal
photography took place between June and October 2012. Maleficent live on EI
Capitan Theater in Hollywood on May 28, 2014, and released in the UK in the
same year. The film was released in the US on May 30, 2014 in Disney Digital
3D, RealD 3D, and IMAX 3D formats, as well as in conventional theaters. The
film was commercially successful after earning $ 758 million worldwide,
becoming the fourth grossing film of 2014. The writer took the data from the
dialogues in the script and also the picture in the Maleficent Film by Robert
Stromberg.
3.3 Technique of Data Collecting
In other to get the information in this study, the writer uses qualitative
research. The writer also used documentation technique to get the data. Sugiyono
stated that “Dokumen merupakan catatan peristiwa yang sudah berlalu dan
dokumen ialah setiap bahan tertulis, film ataupun dari record yang dipersiapkan
karena adanya permintaan seorang penyidik”.35 It menas tha in qualitative
35 Sugiyono. (2013). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, DAN R&D.
(Bandung:Alfabeta), P.240
31
research, the writer uses some documents that have correlation to get the data,
because this research is descriptive, so that why the writer described and analyzed
the data that has been found in Maleficent Film to answer of the problems that has
been formulated in the formulation of the problem.
There are some steps of the technique of data collecting in doing this
research :
a) Collecting the data are getting from Maleficent Film directed by Robert
Stromberg from a screenplay by Linda Woolverton. Produced by Joe
Roth for Walt Disney Pictures, principal photography took place
between June and October 2012.
b) Reading the script and watching the film, after collecting all the data,
the writer watching the film carefully and repeatedly to find the point in
the film, and read the script to make sure that is have correlation to this
research.
c) Marking on the words or sentence and all the important statements and
information in this research. Then marks some dialogue, in Maleficent
Film, and made a note of the data.
d) After finding all data completely, the writer processes and analysis all
the data and the last, arrange the thesis as the end of this research.
3.4 Technique of Data Analyzing
After collecting the data the writer going to next step that is analysis the
data using qualitative research method and the technique analysis data is applied
32
to answer formulation of the problem in analysis data, in this research the writer
uses technique descriptive analysis, in order to make this research more specific.
According to Bogan state in Sugiyono’s book :
“ Data analysis is the process of systematically searching and
arranging the interview transcript, field notes and other materials that
you accumulate to increase your own understanding of them and to
enable you to present what you have discovered to other”36
In this research the writer will describe, analyze the data that has been found
in the script Maleficent film to find the answer of the problem have been
formulated in the formulation of the problem. The writer had several techniques
from the data analysis, in order to make this research more specific following are :
a) Identifying
The writer identify the data and make the assumptions or finds the
feminism of the main character in Maleficent film.
b) Classifying the data
The writer classified the data which has correlated with the topic of the
research, the source are taken from Maleficent film.
c) Analysis
The writer analysis the data based on the theory that is use to find the
answer for the feminism that have been formulated.
d) Conclusion
After all the things above done well, then the writer makes conclusion
from the finding of the analysis.
36 Sugiyono. (2013). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, DAN R&D.
(Bandung:Alfabeta),p.244
33
CHAPTER IV
FINDING AND ANALYSIS
4.1 The kind of feminism in Maleficent film by Robert Stromberg
In this chapter the writer showed the finding and analysis of problem
formulation number one using feminism theory by Rosemarie Putnam Tong.
There are eight kinds of feminism based on her statement; Liberal Feminism,
Radical Feminism, Marxist Feminism, Psychoanalysis and Gender Feminism,
Existentialist Feminism, Postmodern Feminism, Multicultural and Global
Feminism, Ecofeminism.37 Based on Maleficient film by Robert Stromberg, the
writer found one kind of feminism there was Ecofeminism.
Ecofeminism showed the relationship between woman to all forms of
human being, but focuses on woman efforts to dominate the world rather than
others, or nature. The ecofeminism is theory that explained about the relationship
between woman with nature.38 Because women are culturally associated with
nature, ecofeminism argued that there was a conceptual, symbolic, and linguistic
relationship between feminism and ecological issues.
In this analysis the writer had analyzed about the ecofeminism issues that
rised in Maleficent film by Robert Stromberg. Maleficent as the main characters
of this film told as the fairy who loved Moors which was her nature. She would do
everything to save the Moors from human. Such as in this scene at duration below
37 Rosemarie Putnam Tong, Feminist Thought; A More Comprehensive Introduction,
Second Edition, Yogyakarta: Jalasutra. 1998 38 Rosemarie Putnam Tong, Feminist Thought; A More Comprehensive Introduction,
Second Edition, p. 359
34
the wrtier had found the relationship between Maleficent to the nature as her
society.
Picture 239
Picture 340
Young Maleficent : There you go.41
The film started with the scenes when Young Maleficent took a rest in the
big tree. She lie down in the big tree and played a doll which made from stem of
tree with her magic. Suddenly she saw a broken tree branch. Then, she repaired
the broken tree branch become good as before used her magic also.
Based on the explanation above the writer has analyzed that it is include to
ecofeminism. Because the scene above told about the relationship between Young
Maleficent with nature. Young Maleficent as the fairy has responsibility to save
the nature and make good relationship with the nature also. And this situation has
related with the definition of ecofeminsm.
39 Duration 00:01:53 40 Duration 00:02:04 41 Duration 00:01:53-00:02:04
35
The other relationship between woman and nature have writer found in the
other scene. Such as in the duration 00:03:08-00:03:29
Picture 442
Picture 543
Young Maleficent : What’s all the fuss about?
Knotgrass : The border guards…
Flittle : Why’d you get to tell her? I want to tell her!
Thistletwit : I want to tell her!
Knotgrass : There are rules, Flittle. I tell this time, you tell next
time. The border guards…
Flittle : No, you told last time. So I should tell this time and
Thistletwit next time.
Young Maleficent : Tell me what?
Knotgrass : Fine!
Flittle : Ah, thank you. Maleficent, the border guards…
Thistletwit : The border guards have found a human thief at the Pool
of Jewels
Thistletwit : I’m sorry.44
In these scene above happened when Young Maleficent was flown around
the Moors. She saw there were commotion happened among the fairies, then she
asked to the another fairy about what happened in there. The three of fairies said
42 Duration 00:03:08 43 Duration 00:03:29 44 Duration 00:03:08-00:03:29
36
that there is a thief was stolen something at the pool of jewels in the Moors. when
Young Maleficent hear that immediately she went to the pool of jewel to fixed it.
Based on the explanation above the writer has analyzed that is include to
ecofeminism. Because the scene above shows how Young Maleficent very care
about her nature and she did not want anyone to broke her nature. Then Young
Maleficent went to the pool of jewel to stopp the thief to stolen the jewel and
asked back the jewel that was took by the thief.
The other relationship between woman and nature have writer found in the
other scene. Such as in the duration 00:07:33-00:07:37.
Picture 645
Picture 746
The scene above happened when Young Maleficent walked in the forest and
found an animal to give feed. When she take a seat in the forest, a deer comes to
45 Duration 00:07:33 46 Duration 00:07:37
37
her and ask some food. Then, Young Maleficent gave the deer some food with her
hand. In this situation below, it showed that Young Maleficent very care to
anyone except an animal. She is a good fairy and she did not choose for help
anyone which need her help.
Based on the explanation above the writer has analyzed that it is include in
ecofeminism. Because the scene above told about the relationship between Young
Maleficent with nature, an animal.
In other scene the writer also found the relationship between woman and
nature. Such as in the duration 00:12:06-00:12:33.
Picture 847
Picture 948
In these scene above happened when King Henry and his soldiers want to
dominated Moors and they zap the Moors. But, King Henry plans to dominated
47 Duration 00:12:06 48 Duration 00:12:33
38
the Moors did not walk easily because Maleficent comes and stoped them. There
Maleficent was not affraid with King Henry and she challenged King Henry and
his soldiers, fisrtly King Henry so arrogant to defeat Maleficent and disparage her.
King Henry think that Maleficent just a winged fairy, but he did not know that
Maleficent is very strong fairy in the Moors. Then Maleficent in the help with
other creature of the Moors battle with King Henry and his soldiers.
Based on the explanation above the writer has analyzed that it is include in
ecofeminism. Because the scene above told about the relationship between
Maleficent with nature. How Maleficent tried to keep the moors which it is her
place, she did not want to see her place shattered with human. So she do battle
with King Henry and his soldiers to keep the moors, this situation showed the
relationship between woman with nature and other creature.
In this scenes below the writer found how Maleficent save the crow from
the farmer and made him became a man. Such as in the duration 00:22:15-
00:22:39
Picture 1049
49 Duration 00:22:15
39
Picture 1150
Maleficent : Into a man.
Farmer : It’s a…it’s a demon! 51
In these scene above happened when Maleficent walked in the forest. She
saw a crow which trapped in the dragnet, and the crow would be killing by a bad
farmer. Then Maleficent help the crow, she changed the crow became a man used
her magic. The farmer shocked and was affraid when he saw it and he run away,
this situation showed that Maleficent has a kind-hearted and she help each other.
Based on the explanation above the writer has analyzed that it is include in
ecofeminism. Because the scene above told about the relationship between
Maleficent with nature, an animal. She did not want violence happened between
human and animal, so she helped the crow and made it became a man. This
situation showed the relationship between woman with other creature.
In other scene the writer also found the relationship between woman and
nature. Such as in the duration 00:33:52-00:33:59
50 Duration 00:22:39 51 Duration 00:22:15-00:22:39
40
Picture 1252
Picture 1353
In these scene above happened when Maleficent made the thorned trees to
save the Moors from human that want to broke the Moors. Maleficent used her
magic to made the thorned trees, so no one of human can come to the moors
again.
Based on the explanation above the writer has analyzed that it is include in
ecofeminism. Because the scene above told about how Maleficent want to save
her nature with made the thorned trees, Maleficent do not want to see her nature
was broken by human.
In this scenes below the writer found Maleficent save her nature from King
Stefan’s soldiers. Such as in the duration 00:38:40-00:39:08
52 Duration 00:33:52 53 Duration 00:33:59
41
Picture 1454
Picture 1555
Stefan’s General : Burn it all down!
Soldier in Wood : Yes, sir!
Stefan’s General : Flame! Release!56
In these scene above happened when king stefan’s soldiers tried to burn the
thorned trees with launched the fireballs that Maleficent made. Fisrtly the soldiers
successful to burn the thorned trees, but Maleficent comes and foiled their
behavior. Then Maleficent made the thorned trees grow taller with her magic and
the soldiers saw it then they run off in fear.
Based on the explanation above the writer has analyzed that it is include in
ecofeminism. Because the scene above told about the relationship between
Maleficent with nature. How Maleficent tried to keep the moors, she did not want
to see the moors shattered with human. So she made the thorned trees to keep the
54 Duration 00:38:40 55 Duration 00:39:08 56 Duration 00:38:40-00:39:08
42
moors from human, this situation showed the relationship between woman with
nature.
Based on the analyzed above, the writer concluded that ecofeminism is the
relationship between woman to her social environment especially to the nature.
How the woman save her culture, environment and nature which was related with
her. From these film, ecofeminism related with the struggle of woman to save her
social enviroment from the dominated of man.
4.2 The factors causing the appearance of feminism in Maleficent film by
Robert Stromberg
The term of feminism has existed since the 19th century. Talk of feminism,
we also indirectly talk about gender equality between men and women. In the 19th
century women tried to show their abilities and women's strength in equalizing
their rights to men.
There are some kinds of feminism, one of them is ecofeminim which was
raised and happened in this film. So the writer wanted to analyze the factor
causing the appearance of ecofeminism in Maleficent film by Robert Stromberg.
Such in this scene below, the factor causing of ecofeminism in this film because
ecological protection and ending domestic violence and abuse factors.
4.2.1 Ecological Protection
In this film, the writer has found some data that has corelation with
ecological protection which did by the main character. Such as in the duration
below, the woman do ecological protection to protec her nature.
43
Picture 1657
Picture 1758
Young Maleficent : There you go.
These scenes above showed when Young Maleficent took a rest in the big
tree. She lie down in the big tree and played a doll which made from stem of tree
with her magic. Suddenly she saw a broken tree branch. Then, she repaired the
broken tree branch become good as before used her magic also.
Based on the scene above the writer concluded that the factor causing of
ecofeminism in Maleficent film by Robert Stromberg is ecological protection
factor. Because these scene shows how a woman care and save her nature.
57 Duration 00:01:53 58 Duration 00:02:04
44
Picture 1859
Picture 1960
Young Maleficent: What’s all the fuss about?
Knotgrass: The border guards…
Flittle: Why’d you get to tell her? I want to tell her!
Thistletwit: I want to tell her!
Knotgrass: There are rules, Flittle. I tell this time, you tell next time. The border
guards…
Flittle: No, you told last time. So I should tell this time and Thistletwit next time.
Young Maleficent: Tell me what?
Knotgrass : Fine!
Flittle : Ah, thank you. Maleficent, the border guards…
Thistletwit: The border guards have found a human thief at the Pool of Jewels
Thistletwit : I’m sorry
In these scene above showed when Young Maleficent was flown around the
Moors. She saw there were commotion happened among the fairies, then she
asked to the another fairy about what happened in there. The three of fairies said
that there is a thief was stolen something at the pool of jewels in the Moors. when
Young Maleficent hear that immediately she went to the pool of jewel to fixed it.
59 Duration 00:03:08 60 Duration 00:03:29
45
Based on the scene above the writer concluded that the factor causing of
ecofeminism is ecological protection factor. Because the scene above shows how
Young Maleficent very care about her nature and she did not want anyone to
broke her nature. Then Young Maleficent went to the pool of jewel to stopp the
thief to stolen the jewel and asked back the jewel that was took by the thief.
Picture 2061
Picture 2162
The scene above showed when Young Maleficent walked in the forest and
found an animal to give feed. When she take a seat in the forest, a deer comes to
her and ask some food. Then, Young Maleficent gave the deer some food with her
hand. In this situation below, it showed that Young Maleficent very care to
anyone except an animal. She is a good fairy and she did not choose for help
anyone which need her help.
61 Duration 00:07:33 62 Duration 00:07:37
46
Based on the scene above the writer concluded that the factor causing of
ecofeminism in Maleficent film by Robert Stromberg is ecological protection
factor. Because the scene above told about the relationship between Young
Maleficent with nature, an animal.
Picture 2263
Picture 2364
Maleficent: Go no further!
King Henry: A king does not take orders from a winged elf.
Maleficent: You are no king to me!
King Henry: Bring me her head.
General: Battalion!
General: Attack!
Maleficent: Arise and stand with me!
General: Hold the line!
General: It’s the dark creatures!
General: Charge!65
The picture above showed when King Henry wanted to dominate the moors.
Because King Henry heard that so many riches and many magical creature in the
63 Duration 00:11:22 64 Duration 00:12:16 65 Duration 00:11:22-00:12:16
47
moors. King Henry is a greedy king, he wanted to dominate the moors and human
kingdom also. But Maleficent did not want to submit the moors to King Henry.
So, she used her magic and power to battle with King Hanry and his soldiers.
Based on the scene above the writer concluded that the factor causing of
ecofeminism in Maleficent film by Robert Stromberg is about ecological
protection factor. The woman (Maleficent) wanted to show her ability and power
in front of society (man) and show that woman also has equal right with man to
againts and defend her place.
Picture 2466
Picture 2567
Maleficent : Into a man.
Farmer : It’s a…it’s a demon!
In these scene above showed when Maleficent walked in the forest. She saw
a crow which trapped in the dragnet, and the crow would be killing by a bad
66 Duration 00:22:15 67 Duration 00:22:39
48
farmer. Then Maleficent help the crow, she changed the crow became a man used
her magic. The farmer shocked and was affraid when he saw it and he run away,
this situation showed that Maleficent has a kind-hearted and she help each other.
Based on the scene above the writer concluded that the factor causing of
ecofeminism in Maleficent film by Robert Stromberg is ecological protection
factor. Because the scene above told about the relationship between Maleficent
with nature, an animal. She did not want violence happened between human and
animal, so she helped the crow and made it became a man. This situation showed
the relationship between woman with other creature.
Picture 2668
Picture 2769
In these scene above showed when Maleficent made the thorned trees to
save the Moors from human that want to broke the Moors. Maleficent used her
68 Duration 00:33:52
69 Duration 00:33:59
49
magic to made the thorned trees, so no one of human can come to the moors
again.
Based on the scene above the writer concluded that the factor causing of
ecofeminism is ecological factor. Because the scene above told about how
Maleficent want to save her nature with made the thorned trees, Maleficent do not
want to see her nature was broken by human.
The writer also found the factor causing feminism in other scene such as in
duration 00:38:40-00:39:08
Picture 2870
Picture 2971
Stefan’s General : Burn it all down!
Soldier in Wood : Yes, sir!
Stefan’s General : Flame! Release!72
70 Duration 00:38:40 71 Duration 00:39:08 72 Duration 00:38:40-00:39:08
50
In these scene above showed when King Stefan held blessing ceremony of
her daugter, but he did not invite Maleficent to come to the ceremory. Maleficent
felt angry because she isolated to another people, so she cursed King Stefan’s
daughter. King Stefan felt angry also so, he commanded his soldiers to kill
Maleficent and burned the thorned trees which made by Maleficent with her
magic as the guardrail to save the Moors from human. But suddenly Maleficent
came and flub their plans. Maleficent did not want the other human destroyed her
place and hurt the creature of the Moors.
Based on the scene above the writer concluded that the factor causing of
ecofeminism in Maleficent film by Robert Stromberg is ecological protection
factor. Because the women want to show their existence in the society without
isolated to another people. And these scene shows how a woman (Maleficent)
shows her resistance to a man, and how a woman tries to keep her place from
irresponsible people.
4.2.2 Ending Domestic Violence and Abuse
The other factors that causing the ecofeminism are ending domestic
violence and abuse. The writer found these factor in this film at some scene. The
ending domestic violence and abuse not only happened in family but also in
relationship of someone that has loved without marital status. Such as in the
scenes below the writer found the ending domestic violence and abuse that
happened in this film.
51
Picture 3073
Picture 3174
The picture showed when Stefan wanted to kill Maleficent but he can not
did it because of his relationship with Maleficent from childhood was better. And
he just stolen Maleficent wings. Stefan do that because he want to be a king, he
was willing to betraying Maleficent because of his ambitions.
From the explanation above, the writer has analyzed that ending domestic
violence and abuse was happened in this scene. Stefan was abuse Maleficent with
cut her wings as a part of her body. After got abuse Maleficent was suffert and
hurt, she was too weak. Because of the violence and abuse that she got,
Maleficent tried to get up and revenged him.
73 Duration 00:17:30 74 Duration 00:18:20
52
Picture 3275
Picture 3376
The picture above showed when Maleficent wanted to go out from King
Stefan’s Kingdom, but she was trapped with dragnet that made by King Stefan
and his soldiers to catch and kill her.
From the explanation above, the writer has analyzed that the ending
domestic violence and abuse happened in this film. Maleficent as a woman who
loved King Stefan got violence and abuse from him through his armies. King
Stefan wanted to kill her because he did not love her again and he just used her to
get position as King. Maleficent got violence and abuse from the armies used
dragnet that made her suffer and all of her body too weak to against.
75 Duration 01:18:34 76 Duration 01:18:49
53
4.3 The influence of feminism on the main character in Maleficent film by
Robert Stromberg
The equality based on the concept of feminism there are men and women
should have the same life, and the responsibilities as well. But in the truth, women
had pressure in her life. The women should confront that they think about gender
equality is not always good. The concept of feminism did not make the women
happy, but made the women felt miserable.
4.3.1 Women and nature are dominated and thus stresses the need
for a more interdependent worldview.
In this chapter the writer had analyzed about the influence of
ecofeminism to the main character in Maleficent film by Robert Stromberg.
From this film the influence of ecofeminism very close to the main
character, such as in the scenes below.
Picture 2077
77 Duration 00:11:17
54
Picture 2178
In these scene above happened when King Henry and his soldiers
want to attack the Moors. But Maleficent stoped them, and challenged King
Henry and his soldiers to battle. Maleficent did not afraid with King Henry
and his soldiers althogh she just alone and she just a woman.
The writer has analyzed that in these scene above shows the
influence of ecofeminism which is women and nature are dominated and
thus stresses the need for a more interdependent worldview. Maleficent
shows that a woman can changed human perspective that a woman just
being a weak and could not do the work as a man. These scene above also
showed the domination of Maleficent to the nature when she fought with a
man.
The writer also found the influence to the main character in
Maleficent film by Robert Stromberg in these scene.
78 Duration 00:11:22
55
Picture 2479
Picture 2580
In these scene above happened when Maleficent made the thorned
tress for save the moors from human. And from that day no one of human
can became to the Moors, Maleficent do that to save and keep the Moors
because she was caring with the creatures of the moors.
The writer has analyzed that in these scene above shows the
influence of ecofeminism which is women and nature are dominated and
thus stresses the need for a more interdependent worldview. Because
Maleficent save the nature from man with made fence from torne trees. She
showed that women has great power to dominate the world with nature.
79 Duration 00:33:52 80 Duration 00:33:59
56
4.3.2 All living things are essential to the well being of the planet and
that humans are not separate or superior.
From this film the writer found some of the influence ecofeminism
very close to the main character, such as in the scenes below.
Picture 2681
Picture 2782
From this picture above when Young Maleficent ask back the jewel
from stefan. And Stefan give it back, then Maleficent send the jewel to pool
again. Based on the explanation above, the writer has analyzed that these
scene included into all living things are essential to the well being of the
planet and that humans are not separate or superior. Because Maleficent as
81 Duration 00:05:15 82 Duration 00:05:19
57
the main character tried to save the nature with gave back the jewel to the
pool. The jewel as the part of nature helped to balance the nature.
Picture 2883
Picture 2984
The scene above showed when Young Maleficent walked in the
forest and found an animal to give feed. When she take a seat in the forest, a
deer comes to her and ask some food. Then, Young Maleficent gave the
deer some food with her hand. In this situation below, it showed that Young
Maleficent very care to anyone except an animal. She is a good fairy and
she did not choose for help anyone which need her help.
Based on the explanation above, the writer has analyzed that these
scene included into all living things are essential to the well being of the
planet and that humans are not separate or superior. Because Maleficent as a
83 Duration 00:07:33 84 Duration 00:07:37
58
woman showed her attention to animal as a part of nature. She also showed
that between woman and animal can made relationship in the environment
59
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion
After analyzing the data collection from Maleficent film by Robert
Stromberg, the writer concluded as follows:
1. The kind of feminism in Maleficent film by Robert Stromberg included in
ecofeminism, because in this film tells about how a man want to dominate
nature in a cunning and evil ways, namely by oppressing the weak (woman).
In this film also shows how a woman wants to protect her nature from man
greed.
2. The factors causing the appearance of feminism in Maleficent film by
Robert Stromberg are ; ecological protection factor and ending domestic
violence and abuse factor.
3. The influence of feminism on the main character in Maleficent film by
Robert Stromberg are ; Women and nature are dominated and thus stresses
the need for a more interdependent worldview and All living things are
essential to the well being of the planet and that humans are not separate or
superior.
60
5.2 Suggestion
In the end of this thesis, the writer wants to give some suggestions; first, love the
nature around us and do not let anyone destroy it. Take care for nature as we care
for ourselves, because nature is one of the most important ecosystems in this life.
Second, do not be a greedy person because you can harm yourself and others, and
do not oppress the weak just because you have high power. And the last, the
writer hopes this thesis will give contribution and add the knowledge of readers
espesially to the student of English Literature Department of Adab and
Humanities Faculty about kinds of feminism, the factors causing of feminism and
the influence of feminism. The writer hopes that junior of English Literature
student will continue this research with another subject and this thesis will help
them about the theory.
The writer realize this thesis was not perfect yet, this thesis has many
mistakes, therefore the writer expect to the reader for give some critics and
suggestion for make this thesis better.
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