Female Reproduction&

Birth Control

Outline

Female Reproductive Structures

Closer look at the ovary and hormonal control

Ovulation & Menstrual Cycle

Contraception

Female Reproductive Tract

External genitaliaInternal reproductive organs

Histology of the human ovary

Hormonal control hypothalamus & pituitary

glands

Hormonal control of the ovary

Hormones and Menstrual Cycle

Ovulation and LH Surge

Types of Birth Controls

Hormonal methodsPrevention of implantationBarrier methods

--------------------------------RU 486

Oral Contraceptives

Oral Contraceptives

Oral contraceptives: are bases on the fact that estrogen and progesterone can inhibit GnRH.

Types of oral contraceptives Combination of:

synthetic progestins and estrogens

Minipill: contains only progesterone-like substances

Disadvantages:Oral Contraceptives Controversy:

associated with BRCA

Does NOT protect against STD’s

mammogram

Norplant and Depo-Provera

Norplant:

implanted beneath the skin lasts 5 year, progesterone-like steroids

Intramuscular injection

of progesterone like substance every 3 months

RU 486: within 72 hours of intercourse

Has antiprogesterone activity

RU 486 (mifepristone) is followed by prostaglandin derivative

Endometrium erodes and contraction of myometrium

Plan B

Plan B® is an emergency contraceptive that can still prevent a pregnancy after contraceptive failure or unprotected sex.

Plan B® should be taken within 3 days (72 hours) of unprotected sex and can reduce the risk of pregnancy by 89%. But the sooner you take it the more effective it will be.

Plan B® is not RU-486 (the abortion pill); it will not work if you are already pregnant.

Has progesterone activity

http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/infopage/planB/planBQandA.htm

Intrauterine device (IUD)

Acts prior to fertilization

Interferes with implantation

Condoms

Advantage protects against STD’s

Female condom polyurethane

Latex

Vaginal Sponge

May be inserted as much as 24 hrs before intercourse

May irritate vaginal lining

May fragment

Diaphragms and Cervical Caps

Sterilization

Vasectomy

Tubal Ligation

Fertilization

An egg can be fertilized for 12-24 hours after ovulation

Sperm can be viable for 4-6 days

Approximately 1 minute after intercourse sperm are in uterus