female genital mutilation alison byrne 14 th june 2014 african women’s service heart of england...
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FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION
Alison Byrne14th June 2014
African Women’s ServiceHeart of England NHS Trust
What is FGM?
The term “Female Genital Mutilation” [also called “female genital cutting” comprises all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non medical reasons.
WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION 2008
Female Genital MutilationType 1
Clitoridectomy: partial or
total removal of the clitoris
(a small, sensitive and
erectile part of the female
genitals) and, rarely, the
prepuce (the fold of skin
surrounding the clitoris) as
well.
Female Genital Mutilation Type 2
Excision: partial or
total removal of the
clitoris and the labia
minora, with or
without excision of the
labia majora (the labia
are "the lips" that
surround the vagina).
Type 2 FGM
Female Genital MutilationType 3
Infibulation: narrowing of the vaginal opening through the creation of a covering seal. The seal is formed by cutting and repositioning the inner, and sometimes outer, labia, with or without removal of the clitoris.
TYPE 3 FGM
TYPE 3 FGM
Female Genital MutilationType 4
Other: all other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, e.g. pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterizing the genital area.
FGM -a major issue The World Health Organisation
estimate that between 100-140 million women have had FGM performed.
6000 new case per day 5 each minute 65,790 women in the UK [FORWARD
2007] 24000 girls under 15 at risk of type 3 9000 girls at risk of types 1 and 2.
GEOGRAPHICAL SPREAD
COMPLICATIONS-SHORT TERM
Haemorrhage Shock Acute urinary retention Fracture of dislocation Damage to other organs Infection Failure to heal 10%mortality from immediate
complications
COMPLICATIONS-LONG TERM
Difficulty passing urine UTI Difficulties with menstruation Chronic pelvic infection Infertility Vulval abcess/cyst/calculus Neuroma Keloid scarring Fistula 25% mortality from secondary
complications
KELOID SCARRING
VULVAL CYST
COMPLICATIONS FOR DELIVERY
Physical barrier– Inability to stretch– Prolonged second stage-? Fistula
formation– ? Caesarean section– Ruptured uterus– Death woman (x2)
Death baby [x4]
AFRICAN WOMEN’S SERVICE
Identification
Assessment
Planning
Follow- up
Child protection
Useful web sites
www.rcm.org.ukwww.who.intwww.amnesty.orgwww.fgmnetwork.orgwww.forwarduk.org.ukwww.fgmnationalgroup.org
[email protected]/0121-424-3909