feeding management “science and art”agrilifecdn.tamu.edu › 4hlivestockmentor › files ›...
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Feeding Management “Science and Art”
Jason Cleere Extension Beef Cattle Specialist
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NO MAGIC, JUST SCIENCE & ART
SCIENCE: - NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS - NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF
FEEDS - PHYSIOLOGY OF DIGESTION - DIET FORMULATION
Dr. Dennis Herd, 1999
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• What makes a feed great?????
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NO MAGIC, JUST SCIENCE & ART
ART: - KEEN OBSERVATION - RECOGNIZE HABBITS, LIKES & DISLIKES - DOING THINGS ON TIME - ESTABLISHING ROUTINES - RECOGNIZING NORMAL BEHAVIOR FROM
ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR
- CORRECTING PROBLEMS WHEN FIRST NOTICED BEFORE THEY BECOME SERIOUS
Dr. Dennis Herd, 1999
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Basic Types of Feeds “Grains”
• Grains such as corn, barley, sorghum grain – High in energy – Energy is important for maintenance and growth – “Extra energy” will fatten cattle
• Corn is best because it is more consistent in nutrient content and processing properties
• Barley can replace up to 50% of the corn in the diet – Add to a finishing ration to increase energy – Puts a smoother finish on steers????
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Basic Types of Feeds “Protein Supplements”
• High Protein Supplements – Used to increase the protein content of the diet
– Cottonseed meal – Soybean meal
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Basic Types of Feeds “Roughages”
• Roughages help to prevent nutritional ailments “safety net” – acidosis – bloat – founder
• Provide fill for cattle
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What brand do I feed???
• Lyssy & Eckel Feed • ACCO • Purina • Martindale Feeds • The local COOP’s feed • Custom Mix
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Brand name on the bag does not matter!!!!
• Contents of the bag are most important – Fresh – Mixed well – Consistency from one bag to the next is very
important!!! • If the feed is economical and of good
quality it is even better!!!!!
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When do I feed???
• Twice each day – Sometimes three times daily
• Within about 30 minutes of a standard feeding time that you determine – 6:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. – 7:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m.
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How do I feed???
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What do I feed????
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Starting cattle on feed…..
• Start calves out on a starter or grower feed that is ~40-50% corn and high in roughage – Keep out free choice hay – A safe guard against acidosis – Feed between 1% and 2% of their body weight
for 3-4 days • If they have never been on a grain based diet
– Gradually increase intake up to 2 to 2.5% of their body weight
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Feeding Heifers
• Heifers can typically be fed a grower diet (~45-50% corn) throughout their “Show Career”
• However, a finishing diet (~60-70% corn) can be fed to “hard doing” heifers that could use more condition
• Feed at 2-2.5% of their body weight
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Feeding Heifers • DO NOT get heifers too fat!!!!!!
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Feeding Steers
• Finished weight and date are very important in making feeding management decisions
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Feeding Steers
• Steers should be on a grower (~45-50% corn) diet until they reach approximately 900 lbs – Large frame steers may need to be placed on
finisher at 600 pounds • Gradually step the steers up to a finishing diet
(~60-70% corn) over about a 2 week period • Feed at 2-2.5% of their body weight • Additional corn or barley can be added to the
finisher if needed – But be very careful
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Cooking Feed • Additional corn or barley can be cooked and
added to the finisher if needed – But be very careful
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Steers and Heifers • Feed at least one block (flake) of medium
quality hay daily – Sudan hay – Bermudagrass hay – Grass hay
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Supplements • If you use supplements, make an educated
decision on the supplement to use – Check out the ingredients
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Supplements
• Probiotics
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Growth Promotants • Market Steers Only!!!!!!!!!!
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Final note!!!
• Observe your cattle carefully and watch for: – Bloat – Founder – Acidosis – Nasal discharge – Acting different!!!
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http://beef.tamu.edu [email protected]