Feed Nutrients

Special Feeds

Colostrum

• First milk given by mammals after birth

• Contains antibodies

Milk Replacers

• Can’t replace colostrum

• Higher fat reduces diarrhea

Fats and Oils

• Fat– increases calories of ration– 2.25 times the NRG of carbs– Easily digested by animals– controls dust– lessons wear on mixing equip

• Molasses– by-product from sugar– appetizer– ¾ NRG of corn– stimulates rumen activity

Proteins

• Proteins are organic compounds made up of amino acids– Amino acids contain carbon, hydrogen,

oxygen, and nitrogen

• Ruminants can synthesize amino acids, but non-ruminants must have these added in the ration

Proteins - Sources

• Must contain a good balance of amino acids

• Urea – synthetic nitrogen source– Nitrogen acts in the ruminant to make amino

acids

• Crude Protein– Total Usable Protein– Cereal grains mixed in the proper proportions– Soybean oil meal

Vitamins

• Trace organic compounds – needed in small amounts

• Fat-soluble – A, D, E, and K– Healthy eyes, good conception rate, disease

resistance– Green leafy hay, yellow corn, fish oils, direct sunlight

• Water-soluble– C and B-complex– Teeth and bone formation, prevention of infections

Minerals

• Inorganic materials containing no carbon

• Provide for growth of bones, teeth, and tissue

• Major minerals– Often lacking in rations

• Trace Minerals– Often found in feeds– Excess quantities of some can be toxic

Additives, Implants, & Injections

• 80% of animals get some drug during lifetime• Regulate growth, modify rumen activity,

improve feed efficiency• Lower production costs• Feed Additives

– Antibiotics• Produced by living organism

– Antioxidants• Prevent oxidation

Feed Additives (cont’)

• Bloat Control Products– Inhibit gas formation and methane prod. in rumen

• Electrolytes– Salts– Replenish Fluids

• Flavoring Agent– Increases palatability => Increased feed intake

• Hormones– Increases growth, milk prod. And meat prod.

Implants

• Small pellet deposited under skin

• Promote growth

• Steroids – Increase muscle mass – Eliminate pain

• Tranquilizers

Assignment

• Complete the eleven Unit 7 Review Questions listed below.

• 1, 2, 6, 10, 16, 17, 18, 19, 24, 26, 28

• USE COMPLETE SENTENCES

• E-mail your answers to me by the beginning of class tomorrow.