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FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF PARAÍBA
HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER
GRADUATE PROGRAM IN NURSING
RISK ASSESSMENT: FALLS IN ELDERLY IN VIEW OF
SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS
João Pessoa – PB - Brazil
2013
Authors:
Tatyana Ataíde Melo de Pinho
José Luiz Telles
Sergio Augusto Silva P. Moreira
Maria Adelaide Silva Paredes Moreira
Maria do Socorro Costa Feitosa Alves
Juliana Almeida Marques Lubenow
Antonia Oliveira Silva.
Brazil has a constant increase in population,
Paraíba is ranked 3rd in the number of elderly;
Rapid unorganized population growth ;
The fall is one of the factors that can diminish the
quality of life for seniors;
Better knowledge of social representation in the
elderly, helps identify the subjects which are most
likely to cause fall;
Implementing actions, professional practices more
assertive, better quality of life.
Introduction
Getting to know the social representations
associated with 'risk of fall' in the conception of
the aged;
OBJECTIVE
Results obtained from Alceste
Social representations of risk of falls learnt from
Alceste
Corpus = risk of falls = subjects' responses;
Composed of 1,434 different words;
342 testable
words
127
instrumental
words
= UCE (Unit Elementary Context corresponds to
segments of text sized by the program depending on the
size of the corpus, respecting the score).
Hierarchical
Analysis
419 UCE’s
5 Classes
Results obtained from Alceste
Results obtained from Alceste
Source: PINHO,2009
Semantic classes or categories
Class 1 Fall Prevention
Class 2 Causes of Fall
Class 3 Aging Impact
Class 4 Consequence of Fall
Class 5 Senses Associated with Fall
Table 1 - Distribution of semantic categories or classes
CLASS 1 – Fall Prevention
- Most of the elderly reported ... falls can not be prevented, it is an
act of GOD and that the only way to avoid it is to watch where you
are walking, stepping firmly and taking care ... .
- They did not realise that such things as adjusting furniture could in
preventing falls.
- It was also shown that elderly rejected the idea of using a cane.
- Even those who reported fear of falling, history of falls, or spinal
problems were reluctant to demonstrate their necessity.
- Aminzadeh and Edwards (1998) - studied the need, benefits and
barriers using the cane. The elderly reported that they were
capable and strong enough and did not need to use a cane.
Results obtained from Alceste
CLASS 2 – Causes of Fall
The results show that the elderly are subject to environmental factors
which can identify the causes of falls.
Most elderly people reported negative aspects of aging, attributing
extrinsic factors as the main cause falls;
They did not take into consideration their own capabilities and limits
And when they admit that a fall was caused by limitations ... Poor
sight, weak bones ... they attribute these aspects to old age.
This data corroborates Martin et al. (2008) most participants had
fallen and represented falls as inevitable, often as a result of aging
CLASS 3 – Aging Impact
Most elderly reported aging as a bad event, with the onset of being
vulnerable to diseases, limited to perform of activities, depending on third-party,
spending on medication, low wages.
Few reported in their answers that age ... was a positive, a divine gift, and
worried less.
Which in turn results in a more negative than positive structured
representation.
Bezerra et. al. (2005) already mentioned that for aging to be successful, it
must not only represent the absence of disease but also maintain functionality
and autonomy conditions.
CLASS 4 – Consequences of Falls
Most reported main effects of the fall are being dependent for the rest
of their lives, using a wheelchair, pain and unable to do anything else .
The consequences of falls cause fear of fracture, hospitalization.
According to Messiah and Neves (2009) falls are not the common
and inevitable consequence of age, but a serious threat to health and
independence of the elderly.
YARDLEY et al (2006) found in his study that even having suffered a
fall, most respondents, deny that intervention was needed, despite the
presence of the risk factors.
CLASS 5– – Senses Associated with Fall
There is a relationship between frequent falling and aging.
It is seen as a phase that brings loneliness, pain, sickness, trouble
and limitation. Because of the appearance of all these transformations,
the elderly are more likely to fall.
A fall is viewed as normal which happens at any age, however it
becomes more complicated in the elderly.
The SR of the elderly is very important there is a denial of the risk
of falls.
They think a fall is a common event which causes pain or suffering of
some sort, otherwise it is considered a “trip or stubble."
Final Considerations
The results showed that the SR contents more negative
than positive points.
The fall is represented as a common and normal event
and caused by extrinsic factors.
As studies concure that to decrease risk of falls there has
to be more implementation in public policy using a
multidimensional and multidisciplinary approach
It is important to highlight the need for further studies in
order to identify possible changes in the representations,
since they are not watertight and may become reality.
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João Pessoa-Paraíba-Brazil