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Federal Trade Commission, and State of Ohio ex rel. Attorney General Dave Yost, Plaintiffs, v. Educare Centre Services, Inc., et al., Defendants.
No. 3:19-CV-196
PLAINTIFFS’ OPPOSED MOTION FOR CONTEMPT OF COURT AGAINST
DEFENDANT MOHAMMAD SOUHEIL
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For the reasons stated below, Plaintiffs, the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) and the
State of Ohio, respectfully request that the Court hold Defendant Mohammad “Mike” Souheil
(“Souheil”) in civil contempt for his continued violations of the Preliminary Injunctions issued
by this Court (ECF 124 & 125), including: destruction/alteration of records; refusal to cooperate
with the Receiver; interference with the Receiver’s efforts; and refusal to repatriate assets.
I. Background and Relevant Facts
Souheil has been the key principal and the main beneficiary of the unlawful credit card
interest rate reduction (“CCIRR”) telemarketing scheme at issue in this matter (known as
Educare), which bilked more than $11.5 million from U.S. consumers. Souheil has also been the
key principal of Defendants Globex Telecom, Inc. (“Globex US”) and 9506276 Canada, Inc.
(“Globex CA”) (collectively, “Globex”), which provided the Educare scheme with the means to
call consumers via interconnected Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) communication services.
On July 19, 2019, the Court issued an Ex Parte Temporary Restraining Order (“TRO”)
(ECF 8), against Souheil and co-defendants, Educare Centre Services, Inc., 9896988 Canada,
Inc., Tripletel, Inc., and Prolink Vision SRL, Sam Madi, Wissam Abedel Jalil, and Charles
Kharouf. The TRO appointed Robb Evans & Associates LLC the temporary Receiver
(“Receiver”) over Educare Centre Services, Inc., 9896988 Canada, Inc., Tripletel, Inc., and
Prolink Vision SRL. Souheil received notice of the TRO as early as July 24, 2019, and was
subsequently copied on a July 31, 2019 email from Globex counsel to the Receiver confirming
Globex US’ receipt of the TRO.
This Court issued three Preliminary Injunctions (ECF 25, 124, 125) against the
defendants in this case, and each appointed Robb Evans & Associates as the receiver over the
Receivership Entities, which include Globex and Defendants 9896988 Canada, Inc. (“989”).
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Among other terms, the December 17, 2019 Preliminary Injunctions (ECF 124 and 125) include
the following obligations for Souheil, 989, and Globex:
1. Repatriation of foreign assets (Sections VIII and VI).
2. Non-Interference with repatriation (Sections IX and VII).
3. Preservation of records (Sections XI and IX).
4. Transfer of receivership property to the Receiver (Sections XV and XIII).
5. Cooperation with the Receiver (Sections XVIII and XVI).
6. Non-Interference with the Receiver (Sections XIX and XVII).
On December 19, 2019, the Court ordered Globex to appear on January 17, 2020 to Show
Cause (ECF 126) why they should not be held in civil contempt for failing to comply with the
Court’s TRO, subsequently converted to a Preliminary Injunction. That same day, Globex CA,
in violation of the Preliminary Injunction against it (ECF 125), filed an Assignment in
Bankruptcy in Montreal, Canada that resulted in the appointment of a Canadian bankruptcy
trustee of the estate of Globex CA (“Globex CA estate”) (See ECF 133). The Canadian trustee of
the Globex CA estate shuttered the business and refused requests from the Receiver and
Plaintiffs for access to Globex CA’s business records.
On January 29, 2020, the Court held Globex in Contempt of Court for, inter alia, failing
to comply with the Preliminary Injunction (“PI”) obligations listed above, and ordering the Clerk
of Court to enter default against Globex (ECF 174). To date, Souheil has likewise failed to
comply with each of the above-listed PI obligations.
A. Destruction/Alteration and Non-Preservation of Records
Sections X of the TRO (ECF No. 8) and XI (ECF 124) and IX (ECF 125) of the PIs
restrain and enjoin Souheil from “[d]estroying, erasing, falsifying, writing over, mutilating,
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concealing, altering, transferring, or otherwise disposing of, in any manner, directly or indirectly,
Documents that relate to…the business, business practices, assets, or business or personal
finances of any Defendant[.]”
Throughout the litigation, Souheil has maintained that he has no communications and
few, if any, business records to produce concerning the Defendants. See November 29, 2019
Certification of Plaintiff (ECF 81-1 at p. 8) and Plaintiffs’ Memorandum Of Law In Support Of
Ex Parte Application For A Temporary Restraining Order And Other Equitable Relief Against
Globex Telecom, Inc. and 9506276 Canada, Inc. (ECF No. 83 at pp. 10-12). Likewise, Globex
provided a meager amount of information to the Receiver and Plaintiffs (see ECF 163, Order of
Civil Contempt against Globex US and Globex CA).
In an August 8, 2019 email, sent in response to receipt of the TRO, Globex US’ counsel
informed the Receiver that, “The company’s CFO is currently out of the office until August 22
and upon his return will send, or release for others to send, copies of relevant contracts with
defendants.” See Declaration of Brick Kane (“Kane Declaration”) attached as Exhibit 1 at ¶ 5.
Souheil – who has been Globex’s CEO, president and owner – was copied on this email. Id.
Business records obtained from Globex subsidiary SipNav LLC (“SipNav”), which
provided network protocol services to Globex for use in its VoIP telephony services, show that
Souheil had an individual Globex account with SipNav that included a login ID and password.
See Declaration of Scott Presta (“Presta Declaration”) attached as Exhibit 2 at ¶ 2.
SipNav’s records reveal that on August 19, 2019 and September 6, 2019 – after Souheil
received notice of the TRO – a user logged into the SipNav network using Souheil’s Globex
account. The user altered and deleted numerous Globex Educare-related records. Id. ¶¶ 6-10.
For example, the user of Souheil’s account changed the name of the contact person for Educare’s
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Globex account from “Mike Souheil” to “Sam Madi.” Id. at ¶ 7. Subsequently, Globex US
produced records and information to the Receiver that did not identify Souheil as the contact
person for Globex’s Educare account. See Kane Declaration ¶¶ 4-5, and July 25, 2019 Email to
Plaintiffs from Genevieve Bradley attached as Exhibit 3.
B. Refusal to Transfer Receivership Property to the Receiver
Section XV of the PIs against Souheil require him to transfer or deliver to the Receiver
possession, custody, or control of, among other things, all documents of or pertaining to the
Receivership Entities and all computers, electronic devices, mobile devices and machines used to
conduct the business of the Receivership Entities. Souheil is the sole owner and president of
989, which is identified as a Receivership Entity. Despite repeated compliance demands from
the Receiver, Souheil has refused to transfer or deliver to the Receiver 989’s QuickBooks file
(Kane Declaration at ¶ 7.), including QuickBooks files that are stored on the “USB drive”
identified by Souheil during the 30(b)(6) deposition of 989 on September 26, 2019 in Montreal,
Quebec.
C. Interference with the Receiver and Refusal to Repatriate Assets
On January 17, 2020, the Canadian trustee of the Globex CA estate held a meeting of
creditors in Montreal, Canada, during which the creditors elected Brick Kane, a member of the
Receiver’s staff, as the Inspector for the Globex CA bankruptcy creditors’ committee. The
Inspector is responsible for representing the collective interests of consumers harmed by the
Defendants’ unlawful telemarketing scheme.
On February 13, the Receiver filed a Motion for Recognition of a Foreign Proceeding
(“Recognition Motion”) in a Canadian District Court in Montreal (“Montreal Court”). See
Receiver’s First Affidavit on the Noncompliance of the Globex Preliminary Injunction Order
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(ECF 196 at p. 3). The Recognition Motion notes that (i) the Canadian trustee of the Globex CA
estate is in possession of records, computers and servers, access codes, and other information
vital to the Receiver’s ongoing investigation and efforts to recuperate funds for potential redress
to consumers, and (ii) it is essential for the receivership to be recognized by the Canadian court
to allow the Receiver to continue its work to recover information and funds. Id. at pp. 3, 6-19.
On February 21, the Montreal Court held a hearing on the Recognition Motion.
Attorneys for Souheil appeared and requested a postponement of the Recognition Motion,
asserting that Souheil intends to file a motion to intervene as a party to the Recognition Motion.
Id. at p. 3. On February 26, counsel for Souheil filed, inter alia, a Declaration of Voluntary and
Aggressive Intervention (“Third-Party Motion to Intervene”). Id. at pp. 3-4. Souheil’s counsel
requested that the parties be permitted to submit additional filings concerning the Third-Party
Motion to Intervene and Recognition Motion by March 23, 2020. Id. at pp. 4, 28.
This is not the first time Souheil has failed to cooperate with the Receiver and
disregarded his TRO and PI obligations not to hinder repatriation of Globex’s assets and records.
Despite the Receiver’s authority to assume full control over Globex as a receivership entity,
Google LLC (“Google”) stated that it is legally prohibited from providing the Receiver access to
Globex’s Gmail accounts, and instead instructed the Receiver to direct its request to the account
holder(s). On January 6, 2019, the FTC requested that Souheil provide the Receiver with
information relating to “Globex Google accounts, including the ID and password for the Gmail
accounts.” See January 6, 2019 email string between Plaintiffs and Souheil’s Counsel attached
as Exhibit 4. After some delay, Souheil’s counsel represented that Souheil did not have that
information. Id. But, according to Globex and RSquared (Globex subsidiary) employee Omar
Luna, Souheil was in possession of the Globex Google account information. See Declaration of
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Omar A. Luna attached as Exhibit 5.1 And a recent production from Google in response to the
FTC’s subpoena requesting, inter alia, registration and subscriber information for Google user
accounts associated with globextelecom.net appears to confirm that Souheil was in possession of
such information. Google’s document production shows that the user account—
[email protected]—registered to Mike Souheil was accessed more than 70 times between
December 3, 2019 and January 8, 2020. See [email protected] attached
as Exhibit 6 and Google Certificate of Authentication attached as Exhibit 7.
Similarly, on January 23, 2020, the FTC requested, inter alia, that Souheil “[t]ake all
steps necessary to provide Plaintiffs’ counsel and the Receiver access to all Documents and
records that may be held by third parties located outside of the territorial United States” pursuant
to Section VIII.B of the PI. Souheil refused to provide any such information, invoking
unspecified constitutional and/or other rights under Canadian law, his Fifth Amendment rights
under the U.S. Constitution, and an agreement entered into between the Receiver and Defendant
989 that purportedly released him from the obligation to produce documents to the Receiver. See
February 3, 2020 email string between Plaintiffs and Souheil’s Counsel attached as Exhibit 8.
These bald and largely unspecified assertions cannot support a blanket refusal to comply with the
above-listed PI obligations.
To date, almost three months after the Court issued the TRO against Globex and two and
a half months after the issuance of the PI against Globex and Souheil, the Receiver and Plaintiffs
still do not have access to Globex CA’s records, computers and servers, and to Globex’s Google
documents, including its emails. The Receiver and Plaintiffs also has no access to 989’s
1 Moreover, it appears that Souheil accessed Globex records via the SipNav portal after the issuance of the TRO against Globex as recently as December 12, 2019. See Presta Declaration at ¶ 2.
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QuickBooks. Souheil’s deliberate actions have prevented the Receiver and Plaintiffs from
gaining such Court-mandated access. Souheil has also failed to repatriate any assets and is
deliberately interfering with the Receiver’s attempt to secure Globex assets.
II. The Court Should Hold Souheil in Civil Contempt
Souheil has steadfastly refused to comply with PI obligations relating to preservation of
records, cooperation and non-interference with the Receiver, and repatriation of assets. For that,
he should be held in civil contempt.
A. Civil Contempt Standard
A party seeking civil contempt has the burden of establishing by clear and convincing
evidence that: 1) a court order was in effect, 2) the order required certain conduct by the
respondent, and 3) the respondent failed to comply with the court’s order. Lyn-Lea Travel Corp.
v. American Airlines, Inc., 283 F. 3d 282, 291 (5th Cir. 2002); American Airlines v. Allied Pilots
Assoc., 228 F. 3d 574, 581 (5th Cir. 2000). The respondent must have knowledge of the order,
Travelhost, Inc. v. Blandford, 68 F. 3d 958, 962 (5th Cir. 1995), but “[t]he contemptuous actions
need not be willful so long as the contemnor actually failed to comply with the court’s order.”
Allied Pilots, 228 F. 3d at 581. A party may defend against a finding of contempt where it can
demonstrate substantial compliance with the order or an inability to comply. Petroleos
Mexicanos v. Crawford Enters., 826 F. 2d 392, 401 (5th Cir. 1987); U.S. Steel Corp. v. United
Mine Workers of Am., Dist. 20, 598 F. 2d 363, 368 (5th Cir. 1979).
Upon a finding of civil contempt, the court has broad discretion to impose judicial
sanctions to coerce compliance with its order and compensate the moving party for any losses
sustained. Allied Pilots, 228 F. 3d at 585 (quoting United States v. United Mine Workers of Am.,
330 U.S. 258, 303-04, 67 S.Ct. 677, 91 L.Ed. 884 (1947).
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B. Civil Contempt Is Warranted and Necessary
The PIs against Souheil and Globex, continuing the relevant obligations from the TROs,
are in effect. Souheil has been on notice of the TROs and the PIs. Souheil has violated: (1)
Sections VIII, IX, XI, XV, XVIII, and XIX of the PI against him (ECF 124); (2) Sections VI,
VII, IX, XIII, XVI, and XVII of the PI against Globex (ECF 125); and Section X of the TRO
(ECF 8) against him.
Souheil’s blatant PI violations hinder the Receiver’s efforts to marshal records and asset.
They also prevent Plaintiffs from obtaining evidence pertaining to Souheil’s control of and
participation in Globex and Edcuare’s unlawful conduct, and hinder Plaintiffs’ ability to follow
the stream of ill-gotten gains generated by the CCIRR telemarketing scheme at issue in this case.
In light of the above, Plaintiffs seek a contempt order from the Court holding that:
A. Plaintiffs’ factual allegations that Souheil formulated, directed, controlled, had the
authority to control, or participated in the unlawful acts and practices of the Educare Defendants,
as alleged in Paragraphs 67 and 81 of the First Amended Complaint (ECF 81), be deemed
admitted.
B. Plaintiffs’ factual allegations that Souheil formulated, directed, controlled, had the
authority to control, or participated in the unlawful acts and practices of the Globex
Defendants, as alleged in Paragraphs 67 and 83 of the First Amended Complaint (ECF 81), be
deemed admitted.
C. Imposing fines in the amount of $1000 on Souheil until he cures all of the above-
listed PI violations and file with the Court a sworn affidavit detailing all the steps he took to cure
the violations.
D. All other relief deemed appropriate by the Court.
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A proposed order is attached.
Dated: February 28, 2020
Respectfully submitted, ALDEN F. ABBOTT General Counsel /s/ Christopher E. Brown
Christopher E. Brown J. Ronald Brooke, Jr. Federal Trade Commission 600 Pennsylvania Ave., NW Mailstop CC-8528 Washington, DC 20580 (202) 326-2825 / [email protected] (202) 326-3484 / [email protected] Attorneys for Plaintiff FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION DAVE YOST Ohio Attorney General /s/ Erin Leahy Erin Leahy (Ohio Bar #69509) Assistant Attorneys General Consumer Protection Section 30 E. Broad Street, 14th Floor Columbus, Ohio 43215 (614) 466-8831 [email protected] Attorneys for Plaintiff STATE OF OHIO
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CERTIFICATE OF CONFERENCE
On February 25, 2020, Plaintiffs’ counsel conferred in good faith with counsel for Souheil
via email regarding this Motion. Counsel for Souheil opposes this Motion and contends that he is not
obligated to provide the requested information, relying upon unspecified privacy rights under
Canadian law and an agreement entered into between the Receiver and 989 that purportedly released
him from the obligation to produce documents to the Receiver.
/s/ Christopher E. Brown Christopher E. Brown
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From: Genevieve BradleyTo: Brown, Christopher; Brooke, J. Ronnie; "[email protected]";
"[email protected]"Cc: Mitchell RothSubject: FTC v. Educare, et al.Date: Thursday, July 25, 2019 7:13:32 PMAttachments: image001.png
Counsel, We are in the process of being engaged by Prolink Vision, Mr. Souheil, and 9896988 Canada Inc. Mr.Souheil first received notice of the 7/19 TRO and the pending case yesterday on 7/24. As you areaware, deadlines, if they have not passed already, are looming. Can we please discuss on a calltomorrow at 9:30 a.m. ET whether we may file an agreed motion for an extension of the TROdeadlines? If acceptable, I will circulate dial instructions. Thank you, Genevieve C. Bradley | Member | (703) 485-3531 (direct) | [email protected] Greensboro Drive | Suite 820 | McLean, Virginia 22102 | (703) 485-3535 (main) | (703) 485-3525 (fax)
NOTICE: Information contained in this transmission to the named addressee is proprietaryinformation and is subject to attorney-client privilege and work product confidentiality. If therecipient of this transmission is not the named addressee, the recipient should immediatelynotify the sender and destroy the information transmitted without making any copy ordistribution thereof.
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From: Mitchell RothTo: Brooke, J. RonnieCc: Erin B. Leahy ([email protected]); Travis Garrison; Brown, Christopher; Genevieve Bradley;
Aldo Lopez; Dan HernandezSubject: RE: FTC et al., V. Educare Centre, et al. - Globex Google Accounts IDs and PasswordsDate: Thursday, January 9, 2020 12:34:48 PM
I am informed that Mr. Souheil does not maintain the Globex Google account information thatyou describe below. Mitchell N. Roth | Member | Roth Jackson | (703) 485-3536 (direct) | [email protected] Greensboro Drive | Suite 820 | McLean, Virginia 22102 | (703) 485-3535 (main) | (703) 485-3525 (fax)
From: Brooke, J. Ronnie [mailto:[email protected]] Sent: Thursday, January 09, 2020 10:59 AMTo: Mitchell RothCc: Erin B. Leahy ([email protected]); Travis Garrison; Brown, Christopher;Genevieve Bradley; Aldo Lopez; Dan HernandezSubject: RE: FTC et al., V. Educare Centre, et al. - Globex Google Accounts IDs and Passwords Mitch, Unless Mr. Souheil provides the Receiver with the Globex Google Accounts IDs and Passwords thismorning, we will also use today’s scheduled call to Meet and Confer regarding a motion by Plaintiffsagainst Souheil for Contempt of Court for not providing the Receiver with the information. Regards, Ron BrookeDivision of Marketing PracticesBureau of Consumer Protection600 Pennsylvania Ave., Mailstop CC-8528Washington, DC 20580Direct: (202) 326-3484Fax: (202) 326-3395
From: Mitchell Roth <[email protected]> Sent: Wednesday, January 08, 2020 3:33 PMTo: Brooke, J. Ronnie <[email protected]>Cc: Erin B. Leahy ([email protected]) <[email protected]>;Travis Garrison <[email protected]>; Brown, Christopher<[email protected]>; Genevieve Bradley <[email protected]>; Aldo Lopez<[email protected]>; Dan Hernandez <[email protected]>Subject: RE: FTC et al., V. Educare Centre, et al. - Globex Google Accounts IDs and Passwords
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Please advise receiver I am still working on this. Mitchell N. Roth | Member | Roth Jackson | (703) 485-3536 (direct) | [email protected] Greensboro Drive | Suite 820 | McLean, Virginia 22102 | (703) 485-3535 (main) | (703) 485-3525 (fax)
From: Brooke, J. Ronnie [mailto:[email protected]] Sent: Monday, January 06, 2020 11:42 AMTo: Mitchell RothCc: Erin B. Leahy ([email protected]); Travis Garrison; Brown, Christopher;Genevieve Bradley; Aldo Lopez; Dan HernandezSubject: FTC et al., V. Educare Centre, et al. - Globex Google Accounts IDs and Passwords Mitch, Based on information received from the Receiver, Mohammad Souheil still maintains the GlobexTelecom/9506276 Canada (“Globex”) Google account information, which includes the account IDand password for Globex’s Gmail accounts. Please send the Receiver all information your client hasrelating to the Globex Google accounts, including the ID and password for the Gmail accounts,immediately. Please confirm that this has been done by noon tomorrow, January 7, 2020. Regards, Ron BrookeDivision of Marketing PracticesBureau of Consumer Protection600 Pennsylvania Ave., Mailstop CC-8528Washington, DC 20580Direct: (202) 326-3484Fax: (202) 326-3395
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[email protected]############## * Google Confidential and Proprietary * ###############
GOOGLE SUBSCRIBER INFORMATIONName: MIke Globexe-Mail: [email protected]: Android, Apps Script, Classroom, Contacts, Dasher Policy, Developer Consoles, Dynamite, Ga Plus, Gmail, Google AdWords, Google Analytics, Google Apps Administrator Control Panel, Google Apps Vault, Google Calendar, Google Chrome Sync,Google Cloud Storage, Google Developers Console, Google Docs, Google Drive, Google Hangouts, Google Keep, Google My Maps, Google Payments, Google Photos, Google SearchConsole, Google Services, Google Sites, Google Subscribed Links, Google Sync, GoogleTasks Service, Google Voice, Google+, Has Google Profile, Has Madison Account, Has Plusone, Jamboard Web and Mobile Apps, My Devices, Pikeplace User, Tasks In Tingle, Topaz, YouTubeCreated on: 2015/10/07-15:04:05-UTCTerms of Service IP: -SMS: +15148333333 [CA]Alternate e-Mail(s): [email protected], [email protected] Account ID: 2474Last Logins: 2020/01/18-05:04:32-UTC, 2020/01/08-17:56:59-UTC, 2020/01/08-04:19:26-UTC
+-------------------------+----------------------------------------+--------+| Time | IP Address | Type |+-------------------------+----------------------------------------+--------+| 2020/01/18-05:04:32-UTC | 67.68.238.42 | Login || 2020/01/08-17:56:59-UTC | 67.68.238.42 | Login || 2020/01/08-05:09:19-UTC | 67.68.238.42 | Login || 2020/01/08-04:19:26-UTC | 67.68.238.42 | Login || 2020/01/07-21:09:36-UTC | 65.94.47.171 | Login || 2020/01/07-20:39:49-UTC | 65.94.47.171 | Login || 2020/01/07-19:09:06-UTC | 65.94.47.171 | Login || 2020/01/07-18:17:25-UTC | 65.94.47.171 | Login || 2020/01/07-17:58:59-UTC | 65.94.47.171 | Login || 2020/01/05-21:58:25-UTC | 67.69.69.137 | Login || 2020/01/05-19:05:29-UTC | 67.69.69.137 | Login || 2020/01/04-19:57:42-UTC | 67.69.76.38 | Login || 2020/01/03-18:03:03-UTC | 67.69.69.156 | Login || 2020/01/03-05:16:55-UTC | 67.68.238.42 | Login || 2020/01/03-05:09:23-UTC | 67.68.238.42 | Login || 2020/01/02-21:29:38-UTC | 2605:b100:519:aefd:2599:a534:7084:6671 | Login || 2020/01/02-05:12:34-UTC | 2605:b100:519:aefd:2599:a534:7084:6671 | Login || 2019/12/31-16:34:20-UTC | 67.68.238.42 | Login || 2019/12/31-16:26:37-UTC | 67.68.238.42 | Login || 2019/12/30-08:26:39-UTC | 67.68.238.42 | Login || 2019/12/29-04:24:16-UTC | 2605:b100:51a:6a45:cd4d:64c5:6e53:3060 | Login || 2019/12/27-04:48:06-UTC | 67.68.238.42 | Login || 2019/12/24-22:55:48-UTC | 2605:b100:507:193b:4c05:16c2:7d14:e874 | Login |
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############## * Google Confidential and Proprietary * ###############
Page 11
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Google LLC [email protected] Amphitheatre Parkway www.google.comMountain View, California 94043
CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICITY
I, Mattingly Messina, certify:
1. I am a Custodian of Records for Google LLC (“Google”), located in Mountain View, California. I am authorized to submit this Certificate of Authenticity on behalf of Google in response to a subpoena dated January 23, 2020 (Google LLC Internal Reference No. 3441094) in the matter of Federal Trade Commission et al. v. Educare Centre Services Inc., et al.. I have personal knowledge of the following factsand could testify competently thereto if called as a witness.
2. The accompanying 5 files contain true and correct copies of records pertaining to the G Suite account associated with GLOBEXTELECOM.NET, and the email addresses [email protected], [email protected], and [email protected] (“Document”).
3. The documents attached hereto reflect records made and retained by Google. The records were made ator near the time the data was acquired, entered, or transmitted to or from Google; the records were kept inthe course of a regularly conducted activity of Google; and the making of the records were a regular practice of that activity.
I declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the State of California that the foregoing is true and correct.
DATED: February 28, 2020
Mattingly Messina, Custodian of Records for Google LLC.
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1
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT WESTERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS
Federal Trade Commission, and State of Ohio ex rel. Attorney General Dave Yost, Plaintiffs, v. Educare Centre Services, Inc., et al., Defendants.
No. 3:19-CV-196
[PROPOSED] ORDER OF CIVIL CONTEMPT
On this day, the Court considered Plaintiffs’, Federal Trade Commission and the State of
Ohio (“Plaintiffs”), Motion seeking an order of civil contempt against Defendant Mohammad
Souheil (“Souheil”), alleging that Souheil violated provisions of the Ex Parte Temporary
Restraining Order With Asset Freeze, Appointment of a Temporary Receiver, and Other
Equitable Relief, and Order to Show Cause Why a Preliminary Injunction Should Not Issue,
entered on July 19, 2019 (“TRO”) (ECF 8) and the Preliminary Injunctions entered on December
17, 2019 (ECF 124 & 125).
WHEREFORE, the Court having considered the Plaintiffs’ motion and all materials
submitted in connection therewith, and any objections, the Court finds the following facts
supporting the Court’s conclusion, as set forth in the following Conclusions of Law, that Souheil
is in contempt of the TRO and Preliminary Injunctions, and hereby ORDERS, ADJUDGES,
AND DECREES as follows:
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2
Findings of Fact
Clear and convincing evidence demonstrates the following findings of fact and
conclusions of law:
1. That the TRO and Preliminary Injunctions are valid and lawful orders properly entered by
the Court.
2. Souheil had notice of the TRO and Preliminary Injunctions.
3. The relevant portions of the TRO and Preliminary Injunctions are clear, definite and
unambiguous.
4. On February 13, 2020, the Receiver filed a Motion for Recognition of a Foreign
Proceeding in a Canadian District Court in Montreal (“Montreal Court”) in an effort to
obtain Globex CA’s records, computers and servers, access codes, and other information
currently in the possession of the Canadian trustee of the Globex CA estate.
5. On February 21, the Montreal Court held a hearing on the Recognition Motion, during
which counsel for Souheil appeared to request a postponement of the Recognition
Motion, and on February 26, filed a third-party motion on behalf of Souheil to intervene
as a party to the Recognition Motion.
6. Business records from Globex subsidiary SipNav LLC (“SipNav”), which provided
network protocol services to Globex for use in its VoIP telephony services, show that
Souheil had an individual Globex account with SipNav that included a login ID and
password.
7. SipNav’s business records reveal that on August 19, 2019 and September 6, 2019, a user
logged into the SipNav network using Souheil’s Globex account, and altered and deleted
numerous Globex Educare-related records.
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8. Plaintiffs or the Court-appointed Receiver have not received from Souheil:
a. Repatriation of foreign assets pursuant to Section VIII of the Educare Defendant
Preliminary Injunction (ECF No. 124) and Section VI of the Globex Defendants
Preliminary Injunction (ECF No. 125) (due by December 31, 2019);
b. Transfer of receivership property pursuant to Section XV of the Educare
Defendants Preliminary Injunction (ECF No. 124) and Section XIII of the Globex
Defendants Preliminary Injunction (ECF No. 125) (due immediately upon service
of the Preliminary Injunction).
Conclusions of Law
A party seeking civil contempt has the burden of establishing by clear and convincing
evidence that: (1) a court order was in effect, (2) the order required certain conduct by the
respondent, and (3) the respondent failed to comply with the court’s order. Lyn-Lea Travel Corp.
v. Am. Airlines, Inc., 283 F.3d 282, 291 (5th Cir. 2002); Am. Airlines, Inc. v. Allied Pilots Assoc.,
228 F.3d 574, 585 (5th Cir. 2000). The respondent must have knowledge of the order,
Travelhost, Inc., 68 F.3d at 962, but “[t]he contemptuous actions need not be willful so long as
the contemnor actually failed to comply with the courts order.” Am. Airlines, Inc. v. Allied Pilots
Assoc., 228 F.3d at 585. A party may defend against a finding of contempt where it can
demonstrate substantial compliance with the order, or inability to comply. Petroleos Mexicanos
v. Crawford Enters., 826 F.2d 392, 401 (5th Cir. 1987); U.S. Steel Corp. v. United Mine Workers
of Am., Dist. 20, 598 F.2d 363, 368 (5th Cir. 1979).
Upon a finding of civil contempt, the Court has broad discretion to impose judicial
sanctions to coerce compliance with its order and compensate the moving party for any losses
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sustained. Am. Airlines, Inc. v. Allied Pilots Assoc., 228 F.3d at 585 (quoting United States v.
United Mine Workers of Am., 330 U.S. 258, 303–04, 67 S.Ct. 677, 91 L.Ed. 884 (1947).
On the basis of the Court’s findings of fact, the Court finds that clear and convincing
evidence demonstrates the following conclusions of law:
1. Plaintiffs have established a prima facie case that Souheil violated Section X of the
TRO.
2. Plaintiffs have established a prima facie case that Souheil violated Sections VIII, IX,
XI, XV, XVIII, and XIX of the Educare Defendants Preliminary Injunction (ECF No.
124).
3. Plaintiffs have established a prima facie case that Souheil violated Sections VI, VII,
IX, XIII, XVI, and XVII of the Globex Defendants Preliminary Injunction (ECF No.
125).
4. Souheil has neither substantially complied nor demonstrated inability to comply with
the aforementioned sections of the TRO and Preliminary Injunctions.
To coerce compliance with the TRO and Preliminary Injunction for Souheil’s civil
contempt, IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED as follows:
A. Souheil must cure all outstanding TRO and Preliminary Injunction obligations within five
(5) days of the issuance of this Contempt Order;
B. Souheil must file with the Court within seven (7) days of the issuance of this Contempt
Order, a declaration sworn under penalty of perjury, detailing all the steps that Souheil
has taken to cure his noncompliance with the TRO and Preliminary Injunctions; and
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C. If Souheil fails to comply fully and timely with the instructions in this Contempt Order,
the Court shall enter an order:
1. Holding that Plaintiffs’ factual allegations that Souheil formulated, directed,
controlled, had the authority to control, or participated in the unlawful acts and
practices of the Educare Defendants, as alleged in Paragraphs 67 and 81 of the
First Amended Complaint (ECF 81), be deemed admitted.
2. Holding that Plaintiffs’ factual allegations that Souheil formulated, directed,
controlled, had the authority to control, or participated in the unlawful acts and
practices of the Globex Defendants, as alleged in Paragraphs 67 and 83 of the
First Amended Complaint (ECF 81), be deemed admitted.
3. Imposing fines in the amount of $1000 on Souheil until he cures all of the above-
listed PI violations and files with the Court a sworn affidavit detailing all the steps
he took to cure the violations.
4. Including all other relief deemed appropriate by the Court.
SO ORDERED.
SIGNED this ____ day of _____________, 2020.
______________________________ KATHLEEN CARDONE UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
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