federal republic of nigeria - fadamaaf.net to adps manual.pdf · federal republic of nigeria ... a...

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA

FEDERAL MINISTRY OF AGRICULTUREAND

WATER RESOURCES

THIRD NATIONAL FADAMA DEVELOPMENT PROJECT(FADAMA III)

SUPPORT TO ADPs, SPONSORED RESEARCH ANDON-FARM DEMONSTRATIONS

National Fadama Coordination Office Nafisah Plaza, Plot 502, Off Constitution Avenue, Central Business Area, Abuja

E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

MANUAL NO. 6

ACPE E H AIT NA DF PD RN OGA RY ETI SN SU

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATION

ADPs Agricultural Development Programmes

ASP Advisory Service Providers

ATD Adaptive Technology Development

CDD Community Driven Development

CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research

EA Extension Agent

FCAs Fadama Community Associations

FUG Fadama User Group

IGA Income Generating Activities

LFDC Local Fadama Development Committee

MD Managing Director

MTP Management Training Plot

NFCO National Fadama Coordination Office

NFRA National Food Reserve Agency

OFAR On - Farm Adaptive Research

OFR On - Farm Research

PC Performance - Based Contact

PET Programme Evaluation Team

PM Programme Manager

REFIL Research - Extension - Farmer - Input Linkage System.

SASA Senior Agricultural Services Advisor

SFCO State Fadama Coordination Office

SMS Subject Matter Specialist

SPC State Project Coordinator

WIA Women in Agriculture

T h i r d N a t i o n a l F a d a m a D e v e l o p m e n t P r o j e c t - ( F A D A M A I I I )

S U P P O R T T O A D P s , S P O N S O R E D R E S E A R C H A N D O N - FA R M D E M O N S T R A T I O N Si


S U P P O R T T O A D P s , S P O N S O R E D R E S E A R C H A N D O N - FA R M D E M O N S T R A T I O N Sii

TABLE OF CONTENT

Implementation Manual for Support to ADPs Sponsored Research and On-farm

Demonstrations Component (Component 4)…….............................................…………...1

1.0 Introduction….............................……………………………………………………1

1.1 Purpose of Manual…………….........................................………………..………….1

1.2 “Fadama”…….................................................................................….………………1

1.3 Development Objectives of Fadama III Project……………............……….……..…1

2.0 Description of the Component………….........................…………………………..1

2.1 Objectives of the Component…………...................................................……………1

2.2 Sub Components………...................................................................................…….1-8

3.0 Implementation Procedure for the Components….............................….………....8

3.1 Who heads the Component?.........................................................................................8

3.2 Programme Evaluation Team (PET)…………….............................................……....8

4.0 Working Relation with SFCO……………………..........................................……..8

5.0 Accessing Component 4 Fund………………………......................................……..9

IMPLEMENTATION MANUAL FOR SUPPORT TO ADPs, SPONSORED RESEARCH AND ON-FARM DEMONSTRATIONS COMPONENT (COMPONENT 4)

1. INTRODUCTION1.1 The purpose of this manual is to guide staff of the National and State Fadama Coordination Offices (NFCO & SFCO), the National Food Reserve Agency (NFRA) and the Agricultural Development Programmes (ADPs) in the implementation of the Component.1.2 “Fadama” is a Hausa name for irrigable land usually low-lying plains underlay by shallow aquifers found along Nigeria's major river systems. However, the way the word is now used in the context of World Bank-assisted project, Fadama-III is more like an Agricultural Diversification Programme.1.3 The development objective of Fadama-III Project is to increase the incomes of users of rural land and water resources on a sustainable basis. The project is anchored on the Community-Driven Development (CDD) approach. The approach creates sound conditions for sustainability of the smallholder development strategy. The Fadama Project will help stimulate broad-based growth and expand employment opportunities in the non-oil economy by: (i) financing investments in productive community infrastructure to increase agricultural productivity and diversify livelihood sources; (ii) building the capacity of community organizations to increase the stock of social capital; (iii) strengthening the capabilities of participating state and local governments to deliver services to the rural poor; and (iv) promoting socially-inclusive and environmentally-sustainable management of natural resources for non-oil growth.

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPONENT

2.1 The Objectives of the componentlTo strengthen the capacity of the advisory services providers to deliver adequate and

timely advisory and extension services needed by Fadama users through provision of technical assistance.

lTo conduct training activities that will lead to developed skills in new fields such as improved agricultural technologies, cultivation methods, soil fertility management, use of agro-chemicals, soil and water conservation, and appropriate techniques for sustainable pasture and sustainable ecosystem management.

lTo provide logistical support, equipment and materials needed to strengthen the capacity of Agricultural Development Programmes;

lTo train the facilitators to assist FCAs members foster demand for advisory and extension services.

lTo encourage sponsored research activities in the development of technical proposals and recommendations on crop, livestock, fisheries and other activities (along the agricultural value chain) under performance-based contracts with selected research centers.

lTo encourage research centers/extension agents to conduct on farm demonstrations; and lTo train extension staff contracted by NFRA in specialized areas.

2.2 SubcomponentsThere are three subcomponents as indicated below:

1. Support to ADPs2. Sponsored Research3. On farm demonstration

1


S U P P O R T T O A D P s , S P O N S O R E D R E S E A R C H A N D O N - FA R M D E M O N S T R A T I O N S


2

A. Support to ADPs2.2.1 The ADP will strengthen the CDD approach in changing the extension service from the traditional top-down supply-push service by the government to a demand-pull private sector service. This will entail the establishment of model extension programs customized for meeting the requirements of particular communities, based on contributory funds provided by the Federal, State and Local governments. The activities of such extension programs would be channeled through the ADPs. The Project will provide support to the ADPs to carry out the following specific and limited functions:

i. Support to Advisory Service Providers: The Project would provide specialized technical assistance, training, experience-sharing and knowledge-exchange opportunities to service providers, with emphasis on improving the quality, effectiveness, availability, affordability and timeliness of advisory services. The ADP will identify established public and/or private sector service providers, with a proven record. The training menu will include specific agricultural technologies, such as new varieties and cultivation methods, participatory methodologies and facilitation skills, marketing and enterprise management, improved cultural practices, soil fertility management, sound use of agro-chemicals, soil conservation practices, rational water management and sustainable pasture management as well as sustainable ecosystem management. The Project will finance the cost of training and mentoring activities, including contracting consultant services in areas in which the ADPs lack the necessary expertise, and production and provision of training materials.

ii. Quality Assurance of Advisory Services: The project will fund the incremental operating costs to allow the ADPs to certify service providers and provide technical quality control to ensure that the advisory services delivered to project beneficiaries meet established quality standards;.

iii. Training of Extension Staff: The project will fund focused training of extension staff. This activity will be contracted out by the NFRA to public/private research/extension centers and/or specialized institutions, under a PC. Limited external training will be provided in selected disciplines of high priority. The training menu will include new methods of instruction and information dissemination for the ADPs, workshops/retreats and study visits designed to up-grade skills and acquire new ones to support demand-driven community investments.

iv. Training of Facilitators: In addition to the Training of Extension Staff, the project will also, provide periodic support to the facilitators, including training, workshops on formulation of demand for advisory services, and participatory implementation and supervision of such activities, as well as to perform quality control functions in order to ensure that the subprojects emanating from the FCAs meet minimum technical standards.

v. Development of an ICT Resource Clinic. The project will finance the setting up of a small ICT resource centre consisting of between 5 and 10 computers with full internet connectivity. The centre is to assist operations of ADPs in data coding, analysis and monitoring of farmers adoption of innovative project interventions. It will also allow access to new information and an update of techniques relevant for the training of FDF and the Service providers under the project.


2.2.2 Instrument to enhance support to the extension function of the ADPs:1. Train ADP staff on the CDD principles and practices.2. The Component will support the ADPs to strengthen the capacity of Farmer

Groups and Associations through regular training in the areas of Leadership, Organizational and Financial management and Entrepreneurship. Special training will also be provided for these Groups and Associations to boost their demand capacity for problem-solving Research and Extension.

3. Enhance the capacity of ADP to develop data bank of service providers (extension and input providers).

4. Establish an ICT resource centre in each participating ADP to enhance information accessibility, management and research works.

2.2.3 Implementation of Support for the Extension Function of the Agricultural Development Programme (ADP).To access the support of extension function, each ADP will:

- Identify specific extension service activities of the State ADP demanded by the users;

- Identify specific technical support services demanded by the Fadama users;

- Evidence of user's demand will come from FCA and LFDC;

- For each identified extension services activity indicate existing capacity within the State ADP and the capacities that need to be strengthened in order to effectively and efficiently implement the activity;

- For each identified technical support service indicate existing capacity within the state ADP and capacities that need to be improved for the state ADP to continue to deliver such essential support service;

- For each identified capacity to be improved, articulate the method of improvement, indicate detailed cost of human and material resources needed (cost of travel, equipment etc.);

- Each ADP shall submit request for support to the coordinating NFRA's Regional Office;

- Each NFRA regional office shall vet the request from ADPs within the region;

- Each NFRA regional office shall identify activities common to two or more ADPs that may be jointly handled as cross state/ADP support activities;

- Each NFRA regional office shall supervise the implementation of the support in the state ADP;

- Each NFRA regional office shall follow the procedure specified for ADPs above in identifying and costing the needed capacity and capability to serve as professional centers of technology diffusion;

- The NFRA headquarters shall collate the submissions from NFRA's regional office (i.e. ADP request and NFRA's regional office request).

B. Sponsored Research /Adaptive Technology Development and Transfer Support Sub-component

2.2.4 The project will undertake, through entering into a Performance-based Contract (PC) with public and private research centers, including centers of excellence such as CGIAR centers, sponsor research to develop technical propositions/ recommendations on crop, livestock, fisheries and other activities, and also respond to problems and constraints identified by farmers. Research institutions will be encouraged to form partnerships in order to bid for

3




4

these contracts. The research centers will team with the ADP extension agents to conduct on-farm demonstrations. The main objectives of this activity are to test new crop varieties and management methods for crops, agro-forestry, livestock and fisheries.

2.2.5 A program of on-farm/off-farm adaptive research and demonstrations of technologies available in-country or in neighboring countries will be supported as well as the implementation of the recommendations. Under this project, a competitive grant would be available for which public and private research institutions and centers will compete to provide problem-solving oriented research and technology transfer services to Fadama users. These contracts would consist of a program of adaptive research trials and demonstrations to develop technical propositions/recommendations on crop, livestock and other non-crop diversification (upstream and downstream of production), and also respond to problems and constraints identified by farmers.

2.2.6 The main objectives are to improve efficiency and raise productivity through testing of new crop varieties, variety improvement and on-farm crop management. Farmers participating in the project would be assisted through adaptive trials, verification, and up-scaling of production practices for production of high value fresh produce. The grants would be used for new crop varieties, improved crop and animal husbandry practices, including fisheries and social forestry; higher yields, improved quality, reduced transaction costs, and value-adding strategies for existing and new products and markets. 2.2.7 Instruments to Enhance Adaptive Technology Development and Transfer:

1. Research should be based on the needs of the Fadama users;2. Agro-inputs should be sourced from locally available material; and 3. Strengthen Research- Extension-Farmer-Input Linkage System (REFIL).

The subcontracted grants would also support technology demonstrations on farmers' fields and in the assembly markets and processing industries to test or transfer new and adapted technology linked to defined market opportunities. Demonstrations to test or transfer new and adapted technology would be managed by farmer-groups on members' fields under the guidance of an agricultural advisor from the ADP. Demonstrations on processing would also be done in participating processing plants or institutions in the project zone.

2.2.8 In support of extension function of ADP the project will fund:a) training of ADP staff on the principles of CDD;b) training that will provide SMS with skill for working with rural farmers and enhancing

demand driven research;c) transport support for NFRA and ADP staff providing services to the fadama users and

project; and d) procurement of essential equipment to enhance technical support services

2.2.9 In support of the adaptive technology development and transfers the project will fund:

a) Collating demand driven technology needs of the members of FUG for the attention of research;

b) Organizing for the research by identifying competent personnel and institutions that will find solution to identified problem;

c) Training of ADP staff on the application of the identified solution; and

d) Conducting demonstration of result on farmers field, market or industry


2.2.10 Implementation of the Adaptive Technology Development and Transfer Support In implementing the Adaptive Technology Development and Transfer Support facility the following procedure shall be followed.1. During the cropping/production cycle, the ADP Village Extension Agent (VEA) in the

Fadama participating area with the support of the facilitator, receive and categorize problems emanating from the existing or planned IGA of users The problem is transmitted through the zonal SMS and the technical unit at the State ADP Headquarters to the NFRA Regional office

2. The NFRA Regional office shall forward the identified problem to the NFRA Headquarters for collation within ONE WEEK of receipt.

3. The NFRA Headquarters shall cause the farmer-identified problem to be publicised for the attention of the competent Researchers (public and private) and requesting for proposal on how to address the problem within THREE WEEKS.

4. Problems that cut across NFRA regional boundaries shall be handled by the NFRA headquarters

5. The NFCO shall be responsible for administering the contract and payment after which appropriate feedback must be provided to the beneficiary (complainant) through the ADP. Adaptive research should NOT take more than ONE cropping season/production cycle under normal circumstances.

6. An Adaptive Technology Development and Transfer Committee shall be constituted in each NFRA regional office. Membership of the committee shall be multidisciplinary representing different speciality in agriculture. The Committee shall consist of the following members:

a. Head, NFRA regional office (Chair)b. Director of Technical Services of ADP of each participating State in the zonec. The Head of the Women in Agriculture (WIA) Subcomponent of the ADP in

each participating State in the Zone.d. One person representing the Coordination Research Institute in the regione. One person representing the Collaborating Research Institute in the regionf. A representative of NFRA headquarters.g. A representative of NFCO headquarters

2.2.11. It shall be the responsibility of the committee to:1. Screen the proposals using the prescribed Quality Assurance Guidelines and select

those for presentation2. Conduct a competitive presentation of proposals in a Selection Intervew.3. Select the best proposals for each problem4. Recommend recipients for the research grant and supervise the research process

2.2.12 Categorizing Adaptive research NeedsThe constraints may be categorized into physical, biological, economic and social constraints

1. Physical constraints: soil and climatic parameters. These are constraints the research team cannot change in the short run. In the long run, however, the farming system can be manipulated to adjust positively to physical factors.

2. Biological constraints: Crop varieties, livestock and fish types, pests and disease control, fertilizer and feeding types.

3. Economic Constraints: Farmer's capital, labour management and marketing opportunities. How can he ensure optimum use of factors of production at his disposal?

4. Social Constraints: Tastes and preferences of the target communities in terms of crop, livestock and fish types or enterprise combinations

5




6

2.2.13 Having categorized the constraints, the next question to ask is which of these constraints can the on-farm research team tackle at any particular time, given the limited resources (time, money, personnel, etc) available? Following are six criteria to guide answers to the questions above:

·Choose those that do not contradict national or regional objectives.·Choose those that will increase farmer's output and income.·Choose those that are within farmer's management and financial capabilities.·Choose those that affect the enterprises that the majority of the community is involved

in.·Choose those that do not suddenly drastically alter farming culture of the farmer. Eg.

Optimum plant population should be such that allows the farmer to practice some level of mixed – cropping if he is traditionally a mixed – cropper. In other words let the innovation be flexible but show possible advantage over the farmer's practice.

·Choose those that reduce farmer's labour demands and costs, either by distributing his labour more evenly (especially at peak and slack periods) or eliminating certain areas of labour stress in order to increase farm size.

C. On farm demonstration Subcomponent:

2.2.14 Concept of Adaptive Technology Development: Adaptive technology development is the procedure used to generate new technologies in a farming system: Procedure for adaptive research). As it relates to agricultural development, it is that process of identifying and modifying a prototype technology or components of it developed during on-station research (up-stream research) to solve problems of a specific agro-ecological area and/or socio – economic or socio-cultural group referred to as the recommendation domain. Technology in this context is used in a broad sense to mean any or combination of physical factors of production employed in farming, namely, cropping techniques, animal husbandry practices, use of agro – chemicals, farm implements, crop or animal varieties, etcAs a process of technology generation adaptive technology development can be categorized into:

a) On-Farm Research (OFR); and b) On – Farm Adaptive Research (OFAR).

2.2.15 While OFR is researcher–managed and may entail more variables (treatments) under investigation, the OFAR is largely managed by the farmer himself as guided by a trained Staff (SMS and EA). Thus, OFAR entails multi-locational trials to further validate(prove) the practical utility(application) under farmer's management, socio – economic and resource base of only 2 (and at most 3) proven technologies at a time (with the “farmer's practice” as the control), and with the active participation of the farmers in the recommendation domain. Where the results from OFAR trials proved satisfactory from the farmer's point of view, these results are then reduced to extension messages.

2.2.16 Procedure for Adaptive Research: OFR

a) The OFR team is drawn from Research Institutes and Universities closest to each ADP. The core members of the team are expected to be researchers who maintain some on – station work in support of the on – farm research activities.

b) All OFR trials should address only priority problems of each ADP.


OFARa) The ADP SMSs are directly in charge of OFAR for their respective disciplines. In

collaboration with the EA, therefore several members of the FUGs/FCAs sites are chosen.

b) Choose sites and farmers within the recommendation domain that are as much as possible representative of the target groups. In particular, choose farmers who correspond to the age, wealth and sex of farmers in the study area, but avoid inaccessible farms.

c) OFAR is wholly executed by the farmer under the guide of the SMS.d) The prototype technology is super – imposed on each farmer's practice, using each

farmer as a replicate or blocke) Simple experimental designs are used and one or two at most three variables tested at a

time. The farmer's practice is one of the treatments and forms the control.f) The SMS guides the farmer to ensure that treatments are applied, records kept by the

farmer and feedback mechanism ensured.g) Apart from the variables (treatments) under investigation, the farmer is free to manage

the plots as he wishes, because his normal practice without treatments is usually the control plot. In this way, a vital process of technology adaptation, that is, the interplay of the variables and the farmers' micro – environment and resources – base is fulfilled.

h) In OFAR, the farmer uses essentially his own inputs (including crop variety or breed of animal) except when these are completely new ideas in the farming system of too expensive for the farmer to provide at the point in time.

2.2.17 Guideline on the involvement and Active Participation of ADP Extension Agents in OFAR Trials:

a) The collaborating farmer must give an undertaking to make the land for the OFAR available for the entire duration of the trial. Therefore any technology to be adapted in the recommendation domain must be seen to be relevant and has a chance of succeeding. However, in the event of the trial failing (that means loss of resources to the farmer) the ADP has to budget a compensation fee of up to 50% – 70% of the anticipated revenue derivable by the farmer from each plot of trial.

b) Under the guidance of the relevant SMS in the zone, the EA with his Farmers establish the OFAR accordingly. The EA also keeps all records and observations made by the Farmer and eventually hands over these data to the SMS for analysis.

c) The SMS on his part establishes the same OFAR on one or two other farmers' farm in the same way he (the SMS) has guided the EA. That means in practice he for example, if there are 60 Fadama user in an agricultural Zone, there will be 60 replications plus 1 or 2 ( ie total of 61 or 62) of that OFAR trial in the zone if the technology cuts across the zone.

2.2.18 In order to ensure proper implementation of OFAR trials, the following is recommended.

a) The Head of Technical Services subprogramme through his/her Component Heads, must budget properly in details for inputs, field visits, record keeping, etc. for each OFAR, taking cognizance of the increased number of locations.

b) The Head of Extension Sub-Programme must also include in his/her budget an incentive allowance per OFAR trial to be paid to each EA who successfully conducts the OFAR trials under the technical guide of the SMS.

c) The Head of Extension Sub-Programme should also include in his budget the farmer compensation fee.

7




8

2.2.19 Advantage of the EA's Involvement in OFAR Trials.a) The EA gains firsthand experience in the performance of the technology and he is likely

to be more confident when disseminating the technology through the Management Training Plot (MTP) in the following season.

b) There is a more functional interaction between the Farmer, EA and SMS and thus fulfilling the requirements of an effective Research – Extension- Farmer Linkage System.

c) A truly multi – location application of the treatment in all the zones is achieved, and when analyzed gives a good picture of adaptation or non-adaptation. If results proved positive then the chances of mass adoption are increased.

3.0 Implementation procedure for the Component

3.1 A Senior Agricultural Advisor (SASA) will head the component and will be supported by a specialist in contract management and an Operations Specialist, with background in monitoring and evaluation. The officers will be recruited by the NFRA under procedures satisfactory to the Bank. The small core team established by NFRA will be under the supervision of the SASA--to be responsible for the day-to-day implementation coordination of this component. The SASA will be responsible for the overall coordination of this component, including conducting the initial screening, against an agreed check-list, of all ADP-requests for release of funds under this component. All such requests will be articulated in the Annual Work Program.

3.2 A Programme Evaluation Team (PET) will be set up to appraise, review and approve the annual work program for this component. The team will be under the chairmanship of the Executive Director, NFRA. Other members of the team will include the Director –ICP of NFRA, the NPC and the SASA. Once duly approved, the annual work program for this component will be integrated into the Annual Work Program of the project as a whole.

4.0. Working Relation with SFCO: The activities of Component 4 will be related to the SFCO in the following areas; i) training of Facilitators, ii) identification of Service Providers (certification is ADP responsibility), iii) monitoring and evaluation functions and iv) progress reporting for the state on Fadama III. The SPC and his team relate to the ADP PM/MD in these key areas BUT implementation of the activities under this Component rests squarely on the PM/MD who can also assign specific functions for implementation even to the SFCO. The SFCO team will jointly identify training needs of Facilitators for the general training (See Fig 1.) While specific subject matter training which does not involve all Facilitators will be sponsored by the SFCO. Progress reports of this Component will be an appendage to the main project report and state level and one National level report consolidated by NFRA/NFCO.


RELATIONSHIP AND CHANNELS OF COMMUNICAION BETWEEN COMPONENT IV AND FADAMA OFFICE

5.0 Accessing Component 4 Fund

?Special Account At NFRA/NFCO– Work plan and Budget must be reflected in the ADP Proposal based on problems

identified on Fadama sites– Proposal Submitted to the NFRA Zonal Offices– Desk and Field Appraisal Conducted by the NFRA Zonal Offices– Screened Proposal Forwarded to NFRA[NFCO Desk Office headed by SASA– NFRA[NFCO Desk Office to determine consistency with Project development

strategy and compliance with the guidelines in the PIM – Project Evaluation Committee at NFRA consider and Approve– Fund for this component shall not pass through Project Staff– Fund should either flow through ADP or Third Party– Operating cost shall be drawn from Desk Office Operating Cost

9


Federal Level

Zonal level

State level

Local level

Community

level

NFRA-NFCO

ZPC

NFRA REGIONAL OFFICE

SFCO ADP

Local Government

FADAMA COMMUNITY ASSOCIATIONS



10S U P P O R T T O A D P s , S P O N S O R E D R E S E A R C H A N D O N - FA R M D E M O N S T R A T I O N S

federal republic of nigeria - fadamaaf.net to adps manual.pdf · federal republic of nigeria ... a...

Documents