federal communications commission pt. 2tscm.com/47cfr2.pdf2.101 nomenclature of frequencies. 2.102...

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Federal Communications Commission Pt. 2

shall make appointments only from commis-sions of the States interested in the particu-lar proceeding in which the committee is toserve. He shall exercise his best judgment toselect cooperating commissioners who areespecially qualified to serve upon cooperat-ing committees by reason of their abilityand fitness; and in no case shall he appointa commissioner upon a cooperating commit-tee until he shall have been advised by suchcommissioner that it will be practicable forhim to attend the hearings in the proceedingin which the committee is to serve, includingthe arguments therein, and the cooperativeconferences, which may be held following thesubmission of the proceeding, to an extentthat will reasonably enable him to be in-formed upon the issues in the proceeding andto form a reasonable judgment in the mat-ters to be determined.

TENURE OF COOPERATORS

(a) No State commissioner shall sit in a co-operative proceeding under this plan excepta commissioner who has been selected by hiscommission to represent it in a proceedinginvolving eight States or less, or has been se-lected by the president of the association tosit in a case involving more than eightStates, in the manner hereinbefore provided.

(b) A commissioner who has been selected,as hereinbefore provided, to serve as a mem-ber of a cooperating committee in any pro-ceeding, shall without further appointment,and without regard to the duration of timeinvolved, continue to serve in said proceed-ing until the final disposition thereof, in-cluding hearings and conferences after anyorder or reopening, provided that he shallcontinue to be a State commissioner.

(c) No member of a cooperating committeeshall have any right or authority to des-ignate another commissioner to serve in hisplace at any hearing or conference in anyproceeding in which he has been appointed toserve.

(d) Should a vacancy occur upon any co-operating committee, in a proceeding involv-ing more than eight States, by reason of thedeath of any cooperating commissioner, or ofhis ceasing to be a State commissioner, or ofother inability to serve, it shall be the dutyof the president of the association to fill thevacancy by appointment, if, after commu-nication with the chairman of the cooperat-ing committee, it be deemed necessary to fillsuch vacancy.

(e) In the event of any such vacancy occur-ring upon a cooperating committee involvingnot more than eight States, the vacancyshall be filled by the commission from whichthe vacancy occurs.

COOPERATING COMMITTEE TO DETERMINE RE-SPECTING ANY REPORT OF STATEMENT OF ITSATTITUDE

(a) Whenever a cooperating committeeshall have concluded its work, or shall deemsuch course advisable, the committee shallconsider whether it is necessary and desir-able to make a report to the interested Statecommissions, and, if it shall determine tomake a report, it shall cause the same to bedistributed through the secretary of the as-sociation, or through the general solicitor toall interested commissions.

(b) If a report of the Federal Commissionwill accompany any order to be made in saidproceeding, the Federal Commission willstate therein the concurrence or nonconcur-rence of said cooperating committee in thedecision or order of said Federal Commis-sion.

CONSTRUCTION HEREOF IN CERTAIN RESPECTSEXPRESSLY PROVIDED

It is understood and provided that no Stateor States shall be deprived of the right ofparticipation and cooperation as herein-before provided because of nonmembership inthe association. With respect to any suchState or States, all negotiations herein spec-ified to be carried on between the FederalCommission and any officer of such associa-tion shall be conducted by the Federal Com-mission directly with the chairman of thecommission of such State or States.

[28 FR 12462, Nov. 22, 1963, as amended at 29FR 4801, Apr. 4, 1964]

PART 2—FREQUENCY ALLOCA-TIONS AND RADIO TREATY MAT-TERS; GENERAL RULES AND REG-ULATIONS

Subpart A—Terminology

Sec.2.1 Terms and definitions.

Subpart B—Allocation, Assignment, andUse of Radio Frequencies

2.100 International regulations in force.2.101 Nomenclature of frequencies.2.102 Assignment of frequencies.2.103 Government use of non-Government

frequencies.2.104 International Table of Frequency Allo-

cations.2.105 United States Table of Frequency Al-

locations.2.106 Table of Frequency Allocations.2.107 Radio astronomy station notification.2.108 Policy regarding the use of the fixed-

satellite allocations in the 3.6–3.7, 4.5–4.8,and 5.85–5.925 GHz bands.

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47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–97 Edition)Pt. 2

Subpart C—Emissions

2.201 Emission, modulation, and trans-mission characteristics.

2.202 Bandwidths.

Subpart D—Call Signs and Other Forms ofIdentifying Radio Transmissions

2.301 Station identification requirement.2.302 Call signs.2.303 Other forms of identification of sta-

tions.

Subpart E—Distress, Disaster, andEmergency Communications

2.401 Distress messages.2.402 Control of distress traffic.2.403 Retransmission of distress message.2.404 Resumption of operation after dis-

tress.2.405 Operation during emergency.2.406 National defense; free service.2.407 National defense; emergency author-

ization.

Subparts F–G [Reserved]

Subpart H—Prohibition AgainstEavesdropping

2.701 Prohibition against use of a radio de-vice for eavesdropping.

Subpart I—Marketing of RadiofrequencyDevices

2.801 Radiofrequency device defined.2.803 Marketing of radio frequency devices

prior to equipment authorization.2.807 Statutory exceptions.2.811 Transmitters operated under part 73 of

this chapter.2.813 Transmitters operated in the Instruc-

tional Television Fixed Service.2.815 External radio frequency power ampli-

fiers.

Subpart J—Equipment AuthorizationProcedures

GENERAL PROVISIONS

2.901 Basis and purpose.2.902 Verification.2.904 Notification.2.905 Type acceptance.2.906 Declaration of Conformity.2.907 Certification.2.908 Identical defined.2.909 Responsible party.

APPLICATION PROCEDURES FOR EQUIPMENTAUTHORIZATIONS

2.911 Written application required.

2.913 Submittal of equipment authorizationapplication or information to the Com-mission.

2.915 Grant of application.2.917 Dismissal of application.2.919 Denial of application.2.921 Hearing on application.2.923 Petition for reconsideration; applica-

tion for review.2.924 Marketing of electrically identical

equipment having multiple trade namesand models or type numbers under thesame FCC Identifier.

2.925 Identification of equipment.2.926 FCC identifier.

CONDITIONS ATTENDANT TO AN EQUIPMENTAUTHORIZATION

2.927 Limitations on grants.2.929 Nonassignability of an equipment au-

thorization.2.931 Responsibility of the grantee.2.932 Modification of equipment.2.933 Change in identification of equipment.2.934 Change in name and/or address of

grantee.2.935 Change in control of grantee.2.936 FCC inspection.2.937 Equipment defect and/or design

change.2.938 Retention of records.2.939 Revocation or withdrawal of equip-

ment authorization.2.941 Availability of information relating to

grants.2.943 Submission of equipment for testing.2.945 Sampling tests of equipment compli-

ance.2.946 Penalty for failure to provide test

samples and data.2.947 Measurement procedure.2.948 Description of measurement facilities.

VERIFICATION

2.951 Cross reference.2.952 Limitation on verification.2.953 Responsibility for compliance.2.954 Identification.2.955 Retention of records.2.956 FCC inspection and submission of

equipment for testing.

NOTIFICATION

2.971 Cross reference.2.973 Limitations on notification.2.975 Application for notification.2.977 Changes in notified equipment.

TYPE ACCEPTANCE

2.981 Cross reference.2.983 Application for type acceptance.2.985 Measurements required: RF power out-

put.2.987 Measurements required: Modulation

characteristics.


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Federal Communications Commission § 2.1

2.989 Measurements required: Occupiedbandwidth.

2.991 Measurements required: Spuriousemissions at antenna terminals.

2.993 Measurements required: Field strengthof spurious radiation.

2.995 Measurements required: Frequencystability.

2.997 Frequency spectrum to be inves-tigated.

2.999 Measurement procedure.2.1001 Changes in type accepted equipment.2.1005 Equipment for use in the Amateur

Radio Service.

CERTIFICATION

2.1031 Cross reference.2.1033 Application for certification.2.1035 [Reserved]2.1041 Measurement procedure.2.1043 Changes in certificated equipment.

FILING FOR APPLICATION REFERENCE

2.1061 Submission of technical informationfor application reference.

2.1063 Disclaimer re technical informationfiled for application reference.

2.1065 Identification and changes in equip-ment information filed for applicationreference.

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

2.1071 Cross reference.2.1072 Limitation on Declaration of Con-

formity.2.1073 Responsibilities.2.1074 Identification.2.1075 Retention of records.2.1076 FCC inspection and submission of

equipment for testing.2.1077 Compliance information.

RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION EXPOSURE

2.1091 Radiofrequency radiation exposureevaluation: mobile devices.

2.1093 Radiofrequency radiation exposureevaluation: portable devices.

Subpart K—Importation of DevicesCapable of Causing Harmful Interference

2.1201 Purpose.2.1202 Exclusions.2.1203 General requirement for entry into

the U.S.A.2.1204 Import conditions.2.1205 Filing of required declaration.2.1207 Examination of imported equipment.

Subpart L—Registration of TelephoneTerminal Equipment

REGISTRATION PROCEDURE

2.1300 Cross reference.2.1302 Application for registration under

part 68.

Subpart M—Advance Approval ofSubscription TV Transmission Systems

ADVANCE APPROVAL PROCEDURE

2.1400 Application for advance approvalunder part 73.

Subpart N—FCC Procedure for TestingClass A, B and S Emergency PositionIndicating Radiobeacons (EPIRBs)

GENERAL

2.1501 Introduction.2.1503 Test environment.2.1505 Test instrumentation and equipment.

ENVIRONMENTAL AND OPERATIONAL TESTPROCEDURES

2.1507 Test frequencies.2.1509 Environmental and duration tests.2.1511 Measurements of radiated emissions.2.1513 Measurements of modulation charac-

teristics.2.1515 Spectral measurements.

DATA RECORDING/REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

2.1517 Data recording/reporting require-ments.

FIGURES

FIGURE 1—MEASUREMENT SITEFIGURE 2—TYPICAL AUDIO WAVEFORMFIGURE 3—EXAMPLE OF IDEAL EPIRB SPEC-

TRUM

FIGURE 4—EXAMPLE OF EPIRB CARRIER COM-PONENT

AUTHORITY: 47 U.S.C. 154, 302, 303, 307 and336, unless otherwise noted.

SOURCE: 28 FR 12465, Nov. 22, 1963, unlessotherwise noted.

Subpart A—Terminology

§ 2.1 Terms and definitions.

(a) Where a term or definition ap-pears in this part of the Commission’sRules, it shall be the definitive term ordefinition and shall prevail throughoutthe Commission’s Rules.

(b) The source of each definition isindicated as follows:

CONV—International TelecommunicationConvention, Malaga-Torremolinos, 1973.

RR—Radio Regulations, Geneva, 1982.FCC—Federal Communications Commis-

sion.

(c) The following terms and defini-tions are issued:


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47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–97 Edition)§ 2.1

1 The terms permissible interference and ac-cepted interference are used in the coordina-tion of frequency assignments between ad-ministrations.

Accepted Interference. 1 Interference ata higher level than defined as permis-sible interference and which has beenagreed upon between two or more ad-ministrations without prejudice toother administrations. (RR)

Active Satellite. A satellite carrying astation intended to transmit or re-transmit radiocommunication signals.(RR)

Active Sensor. A measuring instru-ment in the earth exploration-satelliteservice or in the space research serviceby means of which information is ob-tained by transmission and receptionof radio waves. (RR)

Administration. Any governmental de-partment or service responsible for dis-charging the obligations undertaken inthe Convention of the InternationalTelecommunication Union and theRegulations. (CONV)

Aeronautical Earth Station. An Earthstation in the fixed-satellite service,or, in some cases, in the aeronauticalmobile-satellite service, located at aspecified fixed point on land to providea feeder link for the aeronautical mo-bile-satellite service. (RR)

Aeronautical Fixed Service. A radio-communication service between speci-fied fixed points provided primarily forthe safety of air navigation and for theregular, efficient and economical oper-ation of air transport. (RR)

Aeronautical Fixed Station. A stationin the aeronautical fixed service. (RR)

Aeronautical Mobile Off-Route (OR)Service. An aeronautical mobile serviceintended for communications, includ-ing those relating to flight coordina-tion, primarily outside national orinternational civil air routes. (RR)

Aeronautical Mobile Route (R) Service.An aeronautical mobile service re-served for communications relating tosafety and regularity of flight, pri-marily along national or internationalcivil air routes. (RR)

Aeronautical Mobile-Satellite Off-Route(OR) Service. An aeronautical mobile-satellite service intended for commu-nications, including those relating toflight coordination, primarily outside

national and international civil airroutes. (RR)

Aeronautical Mobile-Satellite Route (R)Service. An aeronautical mobile-sat-ellite service reserved for communica-tions relating to safety and regularityof flights, primarily along national orinternational civil air routes. (RR)

Aeronautical Mobile-Satellite Service. Amobile-satellite service in which mo-bile earth stations are located on boardaircraft; survival craft stations andemergency position-indicating radio-beacon stations may also participate inthis service. (RR)

Aeronautical Mobile Service. A mobileservice between aeronautical stationsand aircraft stations, or between air-craft stations, in which survival craftstations may participate; emergencyposition-indicating radiobeacon sta-tions may also participate in this serv-ice on designated distress and emer-gency frequencies. (RR)

Aeronautical Radionavigation-SatelliteService. A radionavigation-satelliteservice in which earth stations are lo-cated on board aircraft. (RR)

Aeronautical Radionavigation Service.A radio-navigation service intended forthe benefit and for the safe operationof aircraft. (RR)

Aeronautical Station. A land station inthe aeronautical mobile service.

NOTE: In certain instances, an aeronauticalstation may be located, for example, onboard ship or on a platform at sea. (RR)

Aircraft Earth Station. A mobile earthstation in the aeronautical mobile-sat-ellite service located on board an air-craft. (RR)

Aircraft Station. A mobile station inthe aeronautical mobile service, otherthan a survival craft station, locatedon board an aircraft. (RR)

Allocation (of a frequency band). Entryin the Table of Frequency Allocationsof a given frequency band for the pur-pose of its use by one or more terres-trial or space radiocommunicationservices or the radio astronomy serviceunder specified conditions. This termshall also be applied to the frequencyband concerned. (RR)

Allotment (of a radio frequency or radiofrequency channel). Entry of a des-ignated frequency channel in an agreed


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plan, adopted by a competent con-ference, for use by one or more admin-istrations for a terrestrial or spaceradiocommunication service in one ormore identified countries or geographi-cal area and under specified conditions.(RR)

Altitude of the Apogee or Perigee. Thealtitude of the apogee or perigee abovea specified reference surface serving torepresent the surface of the Earth.(RR)

Amateur-Satellite Service. A radio-communication service using spacestations on earth satellites for thesame purposes as those of the amateurservice. (RR)

Amateur Service. A radio-communication service for the purposeof self-training, intercommunicationand technical investigations carriedout by amateurs, that is, by duly au-thorized persons interested in radiotechnique solely with a personal aimand without pecuniary interest. (RR)

Amateur Station. A station in theamateur service. (RR)

Assigned Frequency. The centre of thefrequency band assigned to a station.(RR)

Assigned Frequency Band. The fre-quency band within which the emissionof a station is authorized; the width ofthe band equals the necessary band-width plus twice the absolute value ofthe frequency tolerance. Where spacestations are concerned, the assignedfrequency band includes twice the max-imum Doppler shift that may occur inrelation to any point of the Earth’ssurface. (RR)

Assignment (of a radio frequency orradio frequency channel). Authorizationgiven by an administration for a radiostation to use a radio frequency orradio frequency channel under speci-fied conditions. (RR)

Base Earth Station. An earth stationin the fixed-satellite service or, insome cases, in the land mobile-satelliteservice, located at a specified fixedpoint or within a specified area on landto provide a feeder link for the landmobile-satellite service. (RR)

Base Station. A land station in theland mobile service. (RR)

Broadcasting-Satellite Service. A radio-communication service in which sig-nals transmitted or retransmitted by

space stations are intended for directreception by the general public.

NOTE: In the broadcasting-satellite service,the term direct reception shall encompassboth individual reception and community re-ception. (RR)

Broadcasting Service. A radio-communication service in which thetransmissions are intended for directreception by the general public. Thisservice may include sound trans-missions, television transmissions orother types of transmission. (CONV)

Broadcasting Station. A station in thebroadcasting service. (RR)

Carrier Power (of a radio transmitter).The average power supplied to the an-tenna transmission line by a transmit-ter during one radio frequency cycletaken under the condition of no modu-lation. (RR)

Characteristic Frequency. A frequencywhich can be easily identified andmeasured in a given emission.

NOTE: A carrier frequency may, for exam-ple, be designated as the characteristic fre-quency. (RR)

Class of Emission. The set of charac-teristics of an emission, designated bystandard symbols, e.g., type of modula-tion, modulating signal, type of infor-mation to be transmitted, and also ifappropriate, any additional signalcharacteristics. (RR)

Coast Earth Station. An earth stationin the fixed-satellite service or, insome cases, in the maritime mobile-satellite service, located at a specifiedfixed point on land to provide a feederlink for the maritime mobile-satelliteservice. (RR)

Coast Station. A land station in themaritime mobile service. (RR)

Community Reception (in the broadcast-ing-satellite service). The reception ofemissions from a space station in thebroadcasting-satellite service by re-ceiving equipment, which in somecases may be complex and have anten-nae larger than those for individual re-ception, and intended for use: (1) by agroup of the general public at one loca-tion; or (2) through a distribution sys-tem covering a limited area. (RR)

Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).Time scale, based on the second (SI), asdefined and recommended by the


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47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–97 Edition)§ 2.1

2 The full definition is contained in CCIRRecommendation 460–2.

3 In general, duplex operation and semi-du-plex operation require two frequencies inradiocommunication; simplex operation mayuse either one or two.

CCIR, 2 and maintained by the BureauInternational de l’Heure (BIH).

NOTE: For most practical purposes associ-ated with the Radio Regulations, UTC isequivalent to mean solar time at the primemeridian (0 degrees longitude), formerly ex-pressed in GMT. (RR)

Coordination Area. The area associ-ated with an earth station outside ofwhich a terrestrial station sharing thesame frequency band neither causesnor is subject to interfering emissionsgreater than a permissible level. (RR)

Coordination Contour. The line enclos-ing the coordination area. (RR)

Coordination Distance. Distance on agiven azimuth from an earth stationbeyond which a terrestrial causes noris subject to interfering emissionsgreater than a permissible level. (RR)

Deep Space. Space at distance fromthe Earth equal to, or greater than,2×106 kilometers. (RR)

Direct Sequence Systems. A spreadspectrum system in which the carrierhas been modulated by a high speedspreading code and an information datastream. The high speed code sequencedominates the ‘‘modulating function’’and is the direct cause of the widespreading of the transmitted signal.

Duplex Operation. Operating methodin which transmission is possible si-multaneously in both directions of atelecommunication channel. 3 (RR)

Earth Exploration-Satellite Service. Aradiocommunication service betweenearth stations and one or more spacestations, which may include links be-tween space stations in which:

(1) Information relating to the char-acteristics of the Earth and its naturalphenomena is obtained from activesensors or passive sensors on earth sat-ellites;

(2) Similar information is collectedfrom air-borne or earth-based plat-forms;

(3) Such information may be distrib-uted to earth stations within the sys-tem concerned;

(4) Platform interrogation may be in-cluded.

NOTE: This service may also include feederlinks necesary for its operation. (RR)

Earth Station. A station located ei-ther on the earth’s surface or withinthe major portion of earth’s atmos-phere and intended for communication:

(1) With one or more space stations;or

(2) With one or more stations of thesame kind by means of one or more re-flecting satellites or other objects inspace. (RR)

Effective Radiated Power (e.r.p) (in agiven direction). The product of thepower supplied to the antenna and itsgain relative to a half-wave dipole in agiven direction. (RR)

Emergency Position-Indicating Radio-beacon Station. A station in the mobileservice the emissions of which are in-tended to facilitate search and rescueoperations. (RR)

Emission. Radiation produced, or theproduction of radiation, by a radiotransmitting station.

NOTE: For example, the energy radiated bythe local oscillator of a radio receiver wouldnot be an emission but a radiation. (RR)

Equivalent Isotropically RadiatedPower (e.i.r.p.). The product of thepower suppled to the antenna and theantenna gain in a given direction rel-ative to an isotropic antenna. (RR)

Equivalent Monopole Radiated Power(e.m.r.p.) (in a given direction). The prod-uct of the power supplied to the an-tenna and its gain relative to a shortvertical antenna in a given direction.(RR)

Equivalent Satellite Link Noise Tem-perature. The noise temperature re-ferred to the output of the receivingantenna of the earth station cor-responding to the radio-frequency noisepower which produces the total ob-served noise at the output of the sat-ellite link excluding the noise due tointerference coming from satellitelinks using other satellites and fromterrestrial systems. (RR)

Experimental Station. A station utiliz-ing radio waves in experiments with aview to the development of science ortechnique.

NOTE: This definition does not includeamateur stations. (RR)


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Facsimile. A form of telegraphy forthe transmission of fixed images, withor without half-tones, with a view totheir reproduction in a permanentform.

NOTE: In this definition the term telegraphyhas the same general meaning as defined inthe Convention. (RR)

Feeder Link. A radio link from anearth station at a given location to aspace station, or vice versa, conveyinginformation for a space radio-communication service other than forthe fixed-satellite service. The givenlocation may be at a specified fixedpoint, or at any fixed point withinspecified areas. (RR)

Fixed-Satellite Service. A radio-communication service between earthstations at given positions, when oneor more satellites are used; the givenposition may be a specified fixed pointor any fixed point within specifiedareas; in some cases this service in-cludes satellite-to-satellite links,which may also be operated in theinter-satellite service; the fixed-sat-ellite service may also include feederlinks for other space radio-communication services. (RR)

Fixed Service. A radiocommunicationservice between specified fixed points.(RR)

Fixed Station. A station in the fixedservice. (RR)

Frequency Hopping Systems. A spreadspectrum system in which the carrieris modulated with the coded informa-tion in a conventional manner causinga conventional spreading of the RF en-ergy about the frequency carrier. Thefrequency of the carrier is not fixed butchanges at fixed intervals under the di-rection of a coded sequence. The wideRF bandwidth needed by such a systemis not required by spreading of the RFenergy about the carrier but rather toaccommodate the range of frequenciesto which the carrier frequency can hop.The test of a frequency hopping systemis that the near term distribution ofhops appears random, the long termdistribution appears evenly distributedover the hop set, and sequential hopsare randomly distributed in both direc-tion and magnitude of change in thehop set.

Frequency-Shift Telegraphy. Teleg-raphy by frequency modulation in

which the telegraph signal shifts thefrequency of the carrier between pre-determined values. (RR)

Frequency Tolerance. The maximumpermissible departure by the centrefrequency of the frequency band occu-pied by an emission from the assignedfrequency or, by the characteristic fre-quency of an emission from the ref-erence frequency.

NOTE: The frequency tolerance is expressedin parts in 106 or in hertz. (RR)

Full Carrier Single-Sideband Emission.A single-sideband emission withoutsuppression of the carrier. (RR)

Gain of an Antenna. The ratio, usu-ally expressed in decibels, of the powerrequired at the input of a loss free ref-erence antenna to the power suppliedto the input of the given antenna toproduce, in a given direction, the samefield strength or the same power flux-density at the same distance. When notspecified otherwise, the gain refers tothe direction of maximum radiation.The gain may be considered for a speci-fied polarization.

NOTE: Depending on the choice of the ref-erence antenna a distinction is made be-tween:

(1) Absolute or isotropic gain (Gi), whenthe reference antenna is an isotropic an-tenna isolated in space;

(2) Gain relative to a half-wave dipole (Gd),when the reference antenna is a half-wavedipole isolated in space whose equatorialplane contains the given direction;

(3) Gain relative to a short vertical an-tenna (Gv), when the reference antenna is alinear conductor, much shorter than onequarter of the wavelength, normal to thesurface of a perfectly conducting planewhich contains the given direction. (RR)

General Purpose Mobile Service. A mo-bile service that includes all mobilecommunications uses including thosewithin the Aeronautical Mobile, LandMobile, or the Maritime Mobile Serv-ices.

Geostationary Satellite. A geosynchro-nous satellite whose circular and directorbit lies in the plane of the Earth’sequator and which thus remains fixedrelative to the Earth; by extension, asatellite which remains approximatelyfixed relative to the Earth. (RR)

Geostationary Satellite Orbit. The orbitin which a satellite must be placed tobe a geostationary satellite. (RR)


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47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–97 Edition)§ 2.1

4 See Resolution 68 of the Radio Regulations.

Geosynchronous Satellite. An Earthsatellite whose period of revolution isequal to the period of rotation of theEarth about its axis. (RR)

Harmful Interference 4. Interferencewhich endangers the functioning of aradionavigation service or of othersafety services or seriously degrades,obstructs, or repeatedly interrupts aradiocommunication service operatingin accordance with these [inter-national] Radio Regulations. (RR)

Hybrid Spread Spectrum Systems. Hy-brid spread spectrum systems are thosewhich use combinations of two or moretypes of direct sequence, frequencyhopping, time hopping and pulsed FMmodulation in order to achieve theirwide occupied bandwidths.

Inclination of an Orbit (of an earth sat-ellite). The angle determined by theplane containing the orbit and theplane of the Earth’s equator. (RR)

Individual Reception (in the broadcast-ing-satellite service). The reception ofemissions from a space station in thebroadcasting-satellite service by sim-ple domestic installations and in par-ticular those possessing small anten-nae. (RR)

Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM)(of radio frequency energy) Applications.Operation of equipment or appliancesdesigned to generate and use locallyradio-frequency energy for industrial,scientific, medical, domestic or similarpurposes, excluding applications in thefield of telecommunications. (RR)

Instrument Landing System (ILS). Aradionavigation system which providesaircraft with horizontal and verticalguidance just before and during landingand, at certain fixed points, indicatesthe distance to the reference point oflanding. (RR)

Instrument Landing System Glide Path.A system of vertical guidance em-bodied in the instrument landing sys-tem which indicates the vertical devi-ation of the aircraft from its optimumpath of descent. (RR)

Instrument Landing System Localizer.A system of horizontal guidance em-bodied in the instrument landing sys-tem which indicates the horizontal de-viation of the aircraft from its opti-

mum path of descent along the axis ofthe runway. (RR)

Interference. The effect of unwantedenergy due to one or a combination ofemissions, radiations, or inductionsupon reception in a radio-communication system, manifested byany performance degradation, mis-interpretation, or loss of informationwhich could be extracted in the ab-sence of such unwanted energy. (RR)

Inter-Satellite Service. A radio-communication service providing linksbetween artificial earth satellites. (RR)

Ionospheric Scatter. The propagationof radio waves by scattering as a resultof irregularities or discontinuities inthe ionization of the ionosphere. (RR)

Land Earth Station. An earth stationin the fixed-satellite service or, insome cases, in the mobile-satelliteservice, located at a specified fixedpoint or within a specified area on landto provide a feeder link for the mobile-satellite service. (RR)

Land Mobile Earth Station. A mobileearth station in the land mobile-sat-ellite service capable of surface move-ment within the geographical limits ofa country or continent. (RR)

Land Mobile-Satellite Service. A mo-bile-satellite service in which mobileearth stations are located on land.(RR)

Land Mobile Service. A mobile servicebetween base stations and land mobilestations, or between land mobile sta-tions. (RR)

Land Mobile Station. A mobile stationin the land mobile service capable ofsurface movement within the geo-graphical limits of a country or con-tinent.

Land Station. A station in the mobileservice not intended to be used while inmotion. (RR)

Left-Hand (or Anti-Clockwise) PolarizedWave. An elliptically or circularly-po-larized wave, in fixed plane, normal tothe direction of propagation, whilstlooking in the direction of propagation,rotates with time in a left hand oranti-clockwise direction. (RR)

Line A. Begins at Aberdeen, Washing-ton running by great circle arc to theintersection of 48° N., 120° W., thencealong parallel 48° N., to the intersec-tion of 95° W., thence by great circlearc through the southernmost point of


325


Duluth, Minn., thence by great circlearc to 45° N., 85° W., thence southwardalong meridian 85° W., to its intersec-tion with parallel 41° N., thence alongparallel 41° N., to its intersection withmeridian 82° W., thence by great circlearc through the southernmost point ofBangor, Maine, thence by great circlearc through the southernmost point ofSearsport, Maine, at which point it ter-minates. (FCC)

Line B. Begins at Tofino, B.C., run-ning by great circle arc to the intersec-tion of 50° N., 125° W., thence along par-allel 50° N., to the intersection of 90°W., thence by great circle arc to theintersection of 45° N., 79°30′ W., thenceby great circle arc through the north-ernmost point of Drummondville, Que-bec (Lat. 45°52′ N., Long 72°30′ W.),thence by great circle arc to 48°30′ N.,70° W., thence by great circle arcthrough the northernmost point ofCompbellton, N.B., thence by great cir-cle are through the northernmost pointof Liverpool, N.S., at which point itterminates. (FCC)

Line C. Begins at the intersection of70° N., 144° W., thence by great circlearc to the intersection of 60° N., 143°W., thence by great circle arc so as toinclude all of the Alaskan Panhandle.(FCC)

Line D. Begins at the intersection of70° N., 138° W., thence by great circlearc to the intersection of 61°20′ N., 139°W. (Burwash Landing), thence by greatcircle arc to the intersection of 60°45′N., 135° W., thence by great circle arcto the intersection of 56° N., 128° W.,thence south along 128° meridian toLat. 55° N., thence by great circle arcto the intersection of 54° N., 130° W.,thence by great circle arc to PortClements, thence to the Pacific Oceanwhere it ends. (FCC)

Maritime Mobile-Satellite Service. Amobile-satellite service in which mo-bile earth stations are located on boardships; survival craft stations and emer-gency position-indicating radiobeaconstations may also participate in thisservice. (RR)

Maritime Mobile Service. A mobileservice between coast stations and shipstations, or between ship stations, orbetween associated on-board commu-nication stations; survival craft sta-tions and emergency position-indicat-

ing radiobeacon stations may also par-ticipate in this service. (RR)

Maritime Radionavigation-SatelliteService. A radionavigation-satelliteservice in which earth stations are lo-cated on board ships. (RR)

Maritime Radionavigation Service. Aradionavigation service intended forthe benefit and for the safe operationof ships. (RR)

Marker Beacon. A transmitter in theaeronautical radionavigation servicewhich radiates vertically a distinctivepattern for providing position informa-tion to aircraft. (RR)

Mean Power (of a radio transmitter).The average power supplied to the an-tenna transmission line by a transmit-ter during an interval of time suffi-ciently long compared with the lowestfrequency encountered in the modula-tion taken under normal operatingconditions. (RR)

Meteorological Aids Service. A radio-communication service used for mete-orological, including hydrological, ob-servation and exploration. (RR)

Meteorological-Satellite Service. Anearth exploration-satellite service formeteorological purposes. (RR)

Mobile Earth Station. An earth stationin the mobile-satellite service intendedto be used while in motion or duringhalts at unspecified points. (RR)

Mobile-Satellite Service. A radio-communication service:

(1) Between mobile earth stationsand one or more space stations, or be-tween space stations used by this serv-ice; or

(2) Between mobile earth stations bymeans of one or more space stations.

NOTE: This service may also include feederlinks necessary for its operation. (RR)

Mobile Service. A radiocommunicationservice between mobile and land sta-tions, or between mobile stations.(CONV)

Mobile Station. A station in the mo-bile service intended to be used whilein motion or during halts at unspec-ified points. (RR)

Multi-Satellite Link. A radio link be-tween a transmitting earth station anda receiving earth station through twoor more satellites, without any inter-mediate earth station.


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NOTE: A multisatellite link comprises oneup-link, one or more satellite-to-satellitelinks and one down-link. (RR)

Necessary Bandwidth. For a givenclass of emission, the width of the fre-quency band which is just sufficient toensure the transmission of informationat the rate and with the quality re-quired under specified conditions. (RR)

Non-Voice, Non-Geostationary Mobile-Satellite Service. A mobile-satellite serv-ice reserved for use by non-geo-stationary satellites in the provision ofnon-voice communications which mayinclude satellite links between landearth stations at fixed locations.

Occupied Bandwidth. The width of afrequency band such that, below thelower and above the upper frequencylimits, the mean powers emitted areeach equal to a specified percentageBeta/2 of the total mean power of agiven emission.

NOTE: Unless otherwise specified by theCCIR for the appropriate class of emission,the value of Beta/2 should be taken as 0.5%.(RR)

On-Board Communication Station. Alow-powered mobile station in the mar-itime mobile service intended for usefor internal communications on boarda ship, or between a ship and its life-boats and life-rafts during lifeboatdrills or operations, or for communica-tion within a group of vessels beingtowed or pushed, as well as for linehandling and mooring instructions.(RR)

Orbit. The path, relative to a speci-fied frame of reference, described bythe centre of mass of a satellite orother object in space subjected pri-marily to natural forces, mainly theforce of gravity. (RR)

Out-of-band Emission. Emission on afrequency or frequencies immediatelyoutside the necessary bandwidth whichresults from the modulation process,but excluding spurious emissions. (RR)

Passive Sensor. A measuring instru-ment in the earth exploration-satelliteservice or in the space research serviceby means of which information is ob-tained by reception of radio waves ofnatural origin. (RR)

Peak Envelope Power (of a radio trans-mitter). The average power supplied tothe antenna transmission line by atransmitter during one radio frequency

cycle at the crest of the modulation en-velope taken under normal operatingconditions. (RR)

Period (of a satellite). The time elaps-ing between two consecutive passagesof a satellite through a characteristicpoint on its orbit. (RR)

Permissible Interference. Observed orpredicted interference which complieswith quantitative interference andsharing criteria contained in these[international Radio] Regulations or inCCIR Recommendations or in specialagreements as provided for in theseRegulations. (RR)

Port Operations Service. A maritimemobile service in or near a port, be-tween coast stations and ship stations,or between ship stations, in which mes-sages are restricted to those relating tothe operational handling, the move-ment and the safty of ships and, inemergency, to the safety of persons.

NOTE: Messages which are of a public cor-respondence nature shall be excluded fromthis service. (RR)

Port Station. A coast station in theport operations service. (RR)

Power. Whenever the power of a radiotransmitter, etc. is referred to it shallbe expressed in one of the followingforms, according to the class of emis-sion, using the arbitrary symbols indi-cated:

(1) Peak envelope power (PX or pX);(2) Mean power (PY or pY);(3) Carrier power (PZ or pZ).

NOTE 1: For different classes of emission,the relationships between peak envelopepower, mean power and carrier power, underthe conditions of normal operation and of nomodulation, are contained in CCIR Rec-ommendations which may be used as a guide.

NOTE 2: For use in formulae, the symbol‘‘p’’ denotes power expressed in watts andthe symbol ‘‘P’’ denotes power expressed indecibels relative to a reference level. (RR)

Primary Radar. A radiodeterminationsystem based on the comparison of ref-erence signals with radio signals re-flected from the position to be deter-mined. (RR)

Protection Ratio. The minimum valueof the wanted-to-unwanted signalratio, usually expressed in decibels, atthe receiver input determined underspecified conditions such that a speci-fied reception quality of the wanted


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signal is achieved at the receiver out-put. (RR)

Public Correspondence. Any tele-communication which the offices andstations must, by reason of their beingat the disposal of the public, accept fortransmission. (CONV)

Pulsed FM Systems. A pulsed FM sys-tem is a spread spectrum system inwhich a RF carrier is modulated with afixed period and fixed duty cycle se-quence. At the beginning of each trans-mitted pulse, the carrier frequency isfrequency modulated causing an addi-tional spreading of the carrier. Thepattern of the frequency modulationwill depend upon the spreading func-tion which is chosen. In some systemsthe spreading function is a linear FMchirp sweep, sweeping either up ordown in frequency.

Radar. A radiodetermination systembased on the comparison of referencesignals with radio signals reflected, orretrainsmitted, from the position to bedetermined. (RR)

Radar Beacon (RACON). A transmit-ter-receiver associated with a fixednavigational mark which, when trig-gered by a radar, automatically re-turns a distinctive signal which can ap-pear on the display of the triggeringradar, providing range, bearing andidentification information. (RR)

Radiation. The outward flow of en-ergy from any source in the form ofradio waves. (RR)

Radio. A general term applied to theuse of radio waves. (CONV)

Radio Altimeter. Radionavigationequipment, on board an aircraft orspacecraft or the spacecraft above theEarth’s surface or another surface.(RR)

Radio Astronomy. Astronomy based onthe reception of radio waves of cosmicorigin. (RR)

Radio Astronomy Service. A service in-volving the use of radio astronomy.(RR)

Radio Astronomy Station. A station inthe radio astronomy service. (RR)

Radiobeacon Station. A station in theradionavigation service the emissionsof which are intended to enable a mo-bile station to determine its bearing ordirection in relation to radiobeaconstation. (RR)

Radiocommunication. Telecommuni-cation by means of radio waves.(CONV)

Radiocommunication Service. A serviceas defined in this Section involving thetransmission, emission and/or recep-tion of radio waves for specific tele-communication purposes.

NOTE: In these [international] Radio Regu-lations, unless otherwise stated, any radio-communication service relates to terrestrialradiocommunication. (RR)

Radiodetermination. The determina-tion of the position, velocity and/orother characteristics of an object, orthe obtaining of information relatingto these parameters, by means of thepropagation properties of radio waves.(RR)

Radiodetermination-Satellite Service. Aradiocommunication service for thepurpose of radiodetermination involv-ing the use or one of more space sta-tions. This service may also includefeeder links necessary for its own oper-ation. (RR)

Radiodetermination Service. A radio-communication service for the purposeof radiodetermination. (RR)

Radiodetermination Station. A stationin the radiodetermination serviice.(RR)

Radio Direction-Finding. Radio-determination using the reception ofradio waves for the purpose of deter-mining the direction of a station or ob-ject. (RR)

Radio Direction-Finding Station. Aradiodetermination station using radiodirection-finding. (RR)

Radiolocation. Radiodeterminationused for purposes other than those ofradionavigation. (RR)

Radiolocation Land Station. A stationin the radiolocation service not in-tended to be used while in motion. (RR)

Radiolocation Mobil Station. A stationin the radiolocation service intended tobe used while in motion or during haltsat unspecified points. (RR)

Radiolocation Service. A radio-determination service for the purposeof radiolocation. (RR)

Radionavigation. Radiodeterminationused for the purposes of navigation, in-cluding obstruction warning.

Radionavigation Land Station. A sta-tion in the radionavigation service not


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intended to be used while in motion.(RR)

Radionavigation Mobile Station. A sta-tion in the radionavigation service in-tended to be used while in motion orduring halts at unspecified points. (RR)

Radionavigation-Satellite Service. Aradiodetermination-satellite serviceused for the purpose of radio-navigation. This service may also in-clude feeder links necessary for its op-eration. (RR)

Radionavigation Service. A radiod-etermination service for the purpose ofradionavigation. (RR)

Radiosonde. An automatic radiotransmitter in the meteorological aidsservice usually carried on an aircraft,free ballon, kite or parachute, andwhich transmits meteorological data.(RR)

Radiotelegram. A telegram, originat-ing in or intended for a mobile stationor a mobile earth station transmittedon all or part of its route over theradiocommunication channels of themobile service or of the mobile-sat-ellite service. (RR)

Radiotelemetry. Telemetry by meansof radio waves. (RR)

Radiotelephone Call. A telephone call,originating in or intended for a mobilestation or a mobile earth station,transmitted on all or part of its routeover the radiocommunication channelsof the mobile service or of the mobile-satellite service. (RR)

Radiotelex Call. A telex call, originat-ing in or intended for a mobile stationor a mobile earth station, transmittedon all or part of its route over theradiocommunication channels of themobile service or the mobile-satelliteservice. (RR)

Radio Waves or Hertzian Waves. Elec-tromagnetic waves of frequencies arbi-trarily lower than 3,000 GHz, propa-gated in space without aritificialguide. (RR)

Reduced Carrier Single-Sideband Emis-sion. A single-sideband emission inwhich the degree of carrier suppessionenables the carrier to be reconstritutedand to be used for demodulation. (RR)

Reference Frequency. A frequency hav-ing a fixed and specified position withrespect to the assigned frequency. Thedisplacement of this frequency with re-spect to the assigned frequency has the

same absolute value and sign that thedisplacement of the characteristic fre-quency has with respect to the centreof the frequency band occupied by theemission. (RR)

Reflecting Satellite. A satellite in-tended to reflect radiocommunicationsignals. (RR)

Right-Hand (or Clockwise) PolarizedWave. An Elliptically or circularly-po-larized wave, in which the electric fieldvector, observed in any fixed plane,normal to the direction of propagation,whilst looking in the direction of prop-agation, rotates with time in a right-hand or clockwise direction. (RR)

Safety Service. Any radio-communication service used perma-nently or temporarily for the safe-guarding of human life and property.(CONV)

Satellite. A body which revolvesaround another body of preponderantmass and which has a motion primarilyand permanently determined by theforce of attraction of that other body.(RR)

Satellite Link. A radio link between atransmitting earth station and a re-ceiving earth station through one sat-ellite. A satellite link comprises oneup-link and one down-link. (RR)

Satellite Network. A satellite systemor a part of a satellite system, consist-ing of only one satellite and the co-operating earth stations. (RR)

Satellite System. A space system usingone or more artificial earth satellites.(RR)

Secondary Radar. A radiodetermin-ation system based on the comparisonof reference signals with radio signalsretransmitted from the position to bedetermined. (RR)

Semi-Duplex Operation. A methodwhich is simplex operation at one endof the circuit and duplex operation atthe other.3 (RR)

Ship Earth Station. A mobile earthstation in the maritime mobile-sat-ellite service located on board ship.(RR)

Ship Movement Service. A safety serv-ice in the maritime mobile serviceother than a port operations service,between coast stations and ship sta-tions, or between ship stations, inwhich messages are restricted to thoserelating to the movement of ships.


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5 (See footnote under Duplex Operations.)

Messages which are of a public cor-respondence nature shall be excludedfrom this service. (RR)

Ship’s Emergency Transmitter. A ship’stransmitter to be used exclusively on adistress frequency for distress, urgencyor safety purposes. (RR)

Ship Station. A mobile station in themaritime mobile service located onboard a vessel which is not perma-nently moored, other than a survivalcraft station. (RR)

Simplex Operation. Operating methodin which transmission is made possiblealternatively in each direction of atelecommunication channel, for exam-ple, by means of manual control. 5 (RR)

Single-Sideband Emission. An ampli-tude modulated emission with one side-band only. (RR)

Spacecraft. A man-made vehiclewhich is intended to go beyond themajor portion of the Earth’s atmos-phere. (RR)

Space Operation Service. A radio-communication service concerned ex-clusively with the operation of space-craft, in particular space tracking,space telemetry, and space tele-command.

NOTE: These functions will normally beprovided within the service in which thespace station is operating. (RR)

Space Radiocommunication. Any radio-communication involving the use ofone or more space stations or the useof one or more reflecting satellites orother objects in space. (RR)

Space Research Service. A radio-communication service in which space-craft or other objects in space are usedfor scientific or technological researchpurposes. (RR)

Space Station. A station located on anobject which is beyond, is intended togo beyond, or has been beyond, themajor portion of the Earth’s atmos-phere. (RR)

Space System. Any group of cooperat-ing Earth stations and/or space sta-tions employing space radio-communication for specific purposes.(RR)

Space Telecommand. The use of radio-communication for the transmission ofsignals to a space station to initiate,modify or terminate functions of

equipment on a space object, incudingthe space station. (RR)

Space Telemetry. The use of telemetryfor transmission for a space station ofresults of measurements made in aspacecraft, including those relating tothe functioning of the spacecraft. (RR)

Space Tracking. Determination of theorbit, velocity or instanteneous posi-tion of an object in space by means ofradiodetermination, excluding primaryradar, for the purpose of following themovement of the object. (RR)

Special Service. A radio-communication service, not otherwisedefined in this Section, carried on ex-clusively for specific needs of generalutility, and not open to public cor-respondence. (RR)

Spread Spectrum Systems. A spreadspectrum system is an informationbearing communications system inwhich: (1) Information is conveyed bymodulation of a carrier by some con-ventional means, (2) the bandwidth isdeliberately widened by means of aspreading function over that whichwould be needed to transmit the infor-mation alone. (In some spread spec-trum systems, a portion of the infor-mation being conveyed by the systemmay be contained in the spreadingfunction.)

Spurious Emission. Emission on a fre-quency or frequencies which are out-side the necessary bandwidth and thelevel of which may be reduced withoutaffecting the corresponding trans-mission of information. Spurious emis-sions include harmonic emissions,parasitic emissions, intermodulationproducts and frequency conversionproducts, but exclude out-of-band emis-sions. (RR)

Standard Frequency and Time Signal-Satellite Service. A radiocommunicationservice using space stations on earthsatellites for the same purposes asthose of the standard frequency andtime signal service.

NOTE: This service may also include feederlinks necessary for its operation. (RR)

Standard Frequency and Time SignalService. A radiocommunication servicefor scientific, technical and other pur-poses, providing the transmission ofspecified frequencies, time signals, or


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6 (See footnote under Harmful Interference)7 (See footnote under Harmful Interference)

both, of stated high precision, intendedfor general reception. (RR)

Standard Frequency and Time SignalStation. A station in the standard fre-quency and time signal service. (RR)

Station. One or more transmitters orreceivers or a combination of transmit-ters and receivers, including the acces-sory equipment, necessary at one loca-tion for carrying on a radio-communication service, or the radioastronomy service.

NOTE: Each station shall be classified bythe service in which it operates permanentlyor temporarily. (RR)

Suppressed Carrier Single-SidebandEmission. A single-sideband emission inwhich the carrier is virtually sup-pressed and not intended to be used fordemodulation. (RR)

Survival Craft Station. A mobile sta-tion in the maritime mobile service orthe aeronautical mobile service in-tended solely for survival purposes andlocated on any lifeboat, life-raft orother survival equipment. (RR)

Telecommand. The use of tele-communication for the transmission ofsignals to initiate, modify or terminatefunctions of equipment at a distance.(RR)

Telecommunication. Any transmission,emission or reception of signs, signals,writing, images and sounds or intel-ligence of any nature by wire, radio,optical or other electromagnetic sys-tems. (CONV)

Telegram. Written matter intended tobe transmitted by telegraphy for deliv-ery to the addressee. This term also in-cludes radiotelegrams unless otherwisespecified.

NOTE: In this definition the term telegraphyhas the same general meaning as defined inthe Convention. (CONV)

Telegraphy. A form of telecommuni-cation which is concerned in any proc-ess providing transmission and repro-duction at a distance of documentarymatter, such as written or printed mat-ter or fixed images, or the reproductionat a distance of any kind of informa-tion in such a form. For the purposes ofthe [international] Radio Regulations,unless otherwise specified therein, te-legraphy shall mean a form of tele-communication for the transmission of

written matter by the use of a signalcode. 6 (RR)

Telemetry. The use of telecommuni-cation for automatical indicating orrecording measurements at a distancefrom the measuring instrument. (RR)

Telephony. A form of telecommuni-cation set up for the transmission ofspeech or, in some cases, othersounds. 7 (RR)

Television. A form of telecommuni-cation for the transmission of tran-sient images of fixed or moving ob-jects. (RR)

Terrestrial Radiocommunication. Anyradiocommunication other than spaceradiocommunication or radio astron-omy. (RR)

Terrestrial Station. A station effectingterrestrial radiocommunication.

NOTE: In these [international Radio] Regu-lations, unless otherwise stated, any stationis a terrestrial station. (RR)

Time Hopping Systems. A time hoppingsystem is a spread spectrum system inwhich the period and duty cycle of apulsed RF carrier are varied in apseudorandom manner under the con-trol of a coded sequence. Time hoppingis often used effectively with frequencyhopping to form a hybrid time-division,multiple-access (TDMA) spread spec-trum system.

Transponder. A transmitter-receiverfacility the function of which is totransmit signals automatically whenthe proper interrogation is received.(FCC)

Tropospheric Scatter. The propagationof radio waves by scattering as a resultof irregularities or discontinuities inthe physical properties of the tropo-sphere. (RR)

Unwanted Emissions. Consist of spuri-ous emissions and out-of-band emis-sions. (RR)

[49 FR 2368, Jan. 19, 1984, as amended at 50FR 25239, June 18, 1985; 51 FR 37399, Oct. 22,1986; 52 FR 7417, Mar. 11, 1987; 54 FR 49980,Dec. 4, 1990; 55 FR 28761, July 13, 1990; 56 FR42703, Aug. 29, 1991; 58 FR 68058, Dec. 23, 1993;62 FR 26242, May 13, 1997]


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Subpart B—Allocation, Assign-ment, and Use of Radio Fre-quencies

SOURCE: 49 FR 2373, Jan. 19, 1984, unlessotherwise noted.

§ 2.100 International regulations inforce.

The international Radio Regulations(Geneva, 1982), became effective inter-nationally on 1 January 1982, and na-tionally on September 6, 1983. They areincorporated to the extent practicablein this part.

§ 2.101 Nomenclature of frequencies.

Band No. Frequency subdivision Frequency range

4 ............ VLF (very low fre-quency).

Below 30 kHz.

5 ............ LF (low frequency) ....... 30 to 300 kHz.6 ............ MF (medium fre-

quency).300 to 3000 kHz.

7 ............ HF (high frequency) ..... 3 to 30 MHz.8 ............ VHF (very high fre-

quency).30 to 300 MHz.

9 ............ UHF (ultra high fre-quency).

300 to 3000 MHz.

10 .......... SHF (super high fre-quency).

3 to 30 GHz.

11 .......... EHF (extremely highfrequency).

30 to 300 GHz

12 .......... ...................................... 300 to 3000 GHz.

§ 2.102 Assignment of frequencies.(a) Except as otherwise provided in

this section, the assignment of fre-quencies and bands of frequencies to allstations and classes of stations and thelicensing and authorizing of the use ofall such frequencies between 9 kHz and400 GHz, and the actual use of such fre-quencies for radiocommunication orfor any other purpose, including thetransfer of energy by radio, shall be inaccordance with the Table of Fre-quency Allocations in § 2.106.

(b) On the condition that harmful in-terference will not be caused to serv-ices operating in accordance with theTable of Frequency Allocations the fol-lowing exceptions to paragraph (a) ofthis section may be authorized:

(1) In individual cases the Commis-sion may, without rule making pro-ceedings, authorize on a temporarybasis only, the use of frequencies not inaccordance with the Table of Fre-quency Allocations for projects ofshort duration or emergencies where

the Commission finds that importantor exceptional circumstances requiresuch utilization. Such authorizationsare not intended to develop a service tobe operated on frequencies other thanthose allocated such service.

(2) A station for the development oftechniques or equipment to be em-ployed by services set forth in column5 of the Table of Frequency Allocationsmay be authorized the use of fre-quencies allocated to those services orclasses of stations.

(3) Experimental stations pursuant topart 5, may be authorized the use ofany frequency or frequency band notexclusively allocated to the passiveservices (including the Radio Astron-omy Service).

(4) In the event a band is reallocatedso as to delete its availability for useby a particular service, the Commis-sion may provide for the further in-terim use of the band by stations inthat service for a temporary, specificperiod of time.

(c) Non-Government stations may beauthorized to use Government fre-quencies in the bands above 25 MHz ifthe Commission finds, after consulta-tions with the appropriate Governmentagency or agencies, that such use isnecessary for coordination of Govern-ment and non-Government activities:Provided, however, that:

(1) Non-Government operation onGovernment frequencies shall conformwith the conditions agreed upon by theCommission and the National Tele-communications and Information Ad-ministration (NTIA) (the more impor-tant of which are contained in para-graphs (c) (2), (3), and (4) of this sec-tion);

(2) Such operations shall be in ac-cordance with NTIA rules governingthe service to which the frequencies in-volved are allocated;

(3) Such operations shall not causeharmful interference to Governmentstations and, should harmful inter-ference result, that the interferingnon-Government operation shall imme-diately terminate; and


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47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–97 Edition)§ 2.102

(4) Non-Government operation hasbeen certified as necessary by the Gov-ernment agency involved and this cer-tification has been furnished, in writ-ing, to the non-Government licenseewith which communication is required.

(d) Aircraft stations may commu-nicate with stations of the maritimemobile service. They shall then con-form to those provisions of the inter-national Radio Regulations which relateto the maritime mobile service. Forthis purpose aircraft stations shoulduse the frequencies allocated to themaritime mobile service. However,having regard to interference whichmay be caused by aircraft stations athigh altitudes, maritime mobile fre-quencies in the bands above 30 MHzshall not be used by aircraft stations inany specific area without the prioragreement of all administrations of thearea in which interference is likely tobe caused. In particular, aircraft sta-tions operating in Region 1 should notuse frequencies in the bands above 30MHz allocated to the maritime mobileservice by virtue of any agreement be-tween administrations in that Region.

(e) Non-Government services operat-ing on frequencies in the band 25–50MHz must recognize that it is sharedwith various services of other coun-tries; that harmful interference may becaused by skywave signals receivedfrom distant stations of all services ofthe United States and other countriesradiating power on frequencies in thisband; and that no protection from suchharmful interference generally can beexpected. Persons desiring to avoidsuch harmful interference should con-sider operation on available fre-quencies higher in the radio spectrumnot generally subject to this type ofdifficulty.

(f) The stations of a service shall usefrequencies so separated from the lim-its of a band allocated to that serviceas not to cause harmful interference toallocated services in immediately ad-joining frequency bands.

(g) In the bands above 25 MHz whichare allocated to the non-Governmentland mobile service, fixed stations maybe authorized on the following condi-tions:

(1) That such stations are authorizedin the service shown in Column 5 of the

Table of Frequency Allocations in theband in question;

(2) That harmful interference will notbe caused to services operating in ac-cordance with the Table of FrequencyAllocations.

(h) Special provisions regarding theuse of spectrum allocated to the fixedand land mobile services below 25 MHzby non-Government stations.

(1) Only in the following cir-cumstances will authority be extendedto stations in the fixed service to oper-ate on frequencies below 25 MHz.

(i) With respect to aeronautical fixedstations, only when a showing can bemade that more suitable facilities arenot available.

(ii) With respect to fixed stations, ex-cept aeronautical fixed stations, onlyto:

(A) Provide communication circuitsin emergency and/or disaster situa-tions, where safety of life and propertyare concerned;

(B) Provide standby and/or backup fa-cilities to satellite and cable circuitsused for international public cor-respondence;

(C) Provide standby and/or backupcommunications circuits to regular do-mestic communication circuits whichhave been disrupted by disasters and/oremergencies;

(D) Provide communication circuitswholly within the State of Alaska andthe United States insular areas in thePacific; and

(E) Provide communication circuitsto support operations which are highlyimportant to the national interest andwhere other means of telecommuni-cation are unavailable.

(2) Only in the following cir-cumstances will authority be extendedto stations in the land mobile serviceto operate below 25 MHz.

(i) Provide communication circuitsin emergency and/or disaster situa-tions, where safety of life and propertyare concerned;

(ii) Provide standby and/or backupcommunications circuits to regular do-mestic communication circuits whichhave been disrupted by disasters and/oremergencies;

(iii) Provide communication circuitswholly within the State of Alaska and


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1 It should be noted that where the words‘‘region’’ or ‘‘regional’’ are without a capital‘‘R’’, they do not relate to the three Regionshere defined for purpose of frequency alloca-tion.

the United States insular areas in thePacific; and

(iv) Provide communication circuitsto support operations which are highlyimportant to the national interest andwhere other means of telecommuni-cation are unavailable.

(3) Except in the State of Alaska andthe United States Pacific insular areas,the Commission does not intend toseek international protection for as-signments made pursuant to para-graphs (h) (1)(ii) and (2) of this section;this results in the following con-straints upon the circuits/assignments.

(i) The Commission will not acceptresponsibility for protection of the cir-cuits from harmful interference causedby foreign operations.

(ii) In the event that a complaint ofharmful interference resulting from op-eration of these circuits is receivedfrom a foreign source, the offendingcircuit(s) must cease operation on theparticular frequency concerned.

(iii) In order to accommodate the sit-uations described in paragraphs (h)(3)(i) and (ii) of this section, equipmentsshall be capable of transmitting and re-ceiving on any frequency in the bandsassigned to the particular operationand capable of immediate changeamong the frequencies.

§ 2.103 Government use of non-Govern-ment frequencies.

Government stations may be author-ized to use non-Government fre-quencies in the bands above 25 MHz ifthe Commission finds that such use isnecessary for coordination of Govern-ment and non-Government actitivies:Provided, however, That:

(a) Government operation on non-Government frequencies shall conformwith the conditions agreed upon by theCommission and the National Tele-communications and Information Ad-ministration (the more important ofwhich are contained in paragraphs (b),(c), and (d) of this section);

(b) Such operations shall be in ac-cordance with Commission rules gov-erning the service to which the fre-quencies involved are allocated;

(c) Such operations shall not causeharmful interference to non-Govern-ment stations and, should harmful in-terference result, that the interfering

Government operation shall imme-diately terminate; and

(d) Government operation has beencertified as necessary by the non-Gov-ernment licensees involved and thiscertification has been furnished, inwriting, to the Government agencywith which communication is required.

§ 2.104 International Table of Fre-quency Allocations.

(a) The International Table of Fre-quency Allocations (columns 1, 2 and 3of § 2.106) is included for informationalpurposes only.

(b) Regions. To facilitate the inter-national allocating of the radio spec-trum, the International Telecommuni-cation Union (ITU) has divided theworld into three Regions 1 as shown inFigure 1 and described below:

(1) Region 1 includes the area limitedon the East by line A (lines A, B and Care defined below) and on the West byline B, excluding any of the territory ofIran which lies between these limits. Italso includes that part of the territoryof Turkey and the Union of Soviet So-cialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) lying out-side of these limits, the territory of theMongolian Peoples’ Republic, and thearea to the North of the U.S.S.R. whichlies between lines A and C.

(2) Region 2 includes the area limitedon the East by line B and the West byline C.

(3) Region 3 includes the area limitedon the East by line C and on the Westby line A, except the territories of theMongolian Peoples’ Republic, Turkey,the territory of the U.S.S.R. and thearea to the North of the U.S.S.R. Italso includes that part of the territoryof Iran lying outside of those limits.

(4) The lines A, B and C are defined asfollows:

(i) Line A extends from the NorthPole along meridian 40° West of Green-wich to parallel 40° North; thence bygreat circle arc to the intersection ofmeridian 60° East and the Tropic ofCancer; thence along the meridian 60°East to the South Pole.


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47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–97 Edition)§ 2.104

2 Definitions of the various radio servicesused in columns 1 through 3 of § 2.106 are con-tained in § 2.1.

(ii) Line B extends from the NorthPole along meridian 10° West of Green-wich to its intersection with parallel72° North; thence by great circle arc tothe intersection of meridian 50° Westand parallel 40° North; thence by greatcircle arc to the intersection of merid-ian 20° West and to the South Pole.

(iii) Line C extends from the NorthPole by great circle arc to the intersec-tion of parallel 65°30′ North of theinternational boundary in BeringStrait; thence by great circle arc to theintersection of meridian 165° East ofGreenwich and parallel 50° North;thence by great circle arc to the inter-section of meridian 170° West and par-allel 10° North; thence along parallel10° North to its intersection with me-ridian 120° West; thence along meridian120° West to the South Pole.

(c) Areas. To further assist in theinternational allocation of the radiospectrum, the ITU has established sev-eral special geographical areas andthey are defined below.

(1) The ‘‘African Broadcasting Area’’consists of:

(i) African countries, parts of coun-tries, territories and groups of terri-tories situated between the parallels40° South and 30° North;

(ii) Islands in the Indian Ocean westof meridian 60° East of Greenwich, situ-ated between the parallel 40° South andthe great circle arc joining the points45° East, 11°30′ North and 60° East, 15°North; and

(iii) Islands in the Atlantic Oceaneast of Line B, situated between theparallel 40° South and 30° North.

(2) The ‘‘European BroadcastingArea’’ is bounded on the West by thewestern boundary of Region 1, on theEast by the meridian 40° East of Green-wich and on the South by the parallel30° North so as to include the westernpart of the U.S.S.R., the northern partof Saudi Arabia and that part of thosecountries bordering the Mediterraneanwithin these limits. In addition, Iraqand Jordan are included in the Euro-pean Broadcasting Area.

(3) The ‘‘European Maritime Area’’ isbounded to the north by a line extend-ing along parallel 72° North from itsintersection with meridian 55° East ofGreenwich to its intersection with me-ridian 5° West, then along meridian 5°

West to its intersection with parallel67° North, thence along parallel 6°North to its intersection with meridian32° West; to the west by a line extend-ing along meridian 32° West to itsintersection with parallel 30° North; tothe south by a line extending alongparallel 30° North to its intersectionwith meridian 43° East; to the east bya line extending along meridian 43°East to its intersection with parallel60° North, thence along parallel 60°North to its intersection with meridian55° East and thence along meridian 55°East to its intersection with parallel72° North.

(4) The ‘‘Tropical Zone’’ (see Figure1) is defined as:

(i) The whole of that area in Region2 between the Tropics of Cancer andCapricorn;

(ii) The whole of that area in Region1 and 3 contained between the parallel30° North and 35° South with the addi-tion of:

(iii) The area contained between themeridian 40° East and 80° East ofGreenwich and the parallels 30° Northand 40° and

(iv) That part of Libya North of par-allel 30° North.

(v) In Region 2, the Tropical Zonemay be extended to parallel 33° North,subject to special agreements betweenthe countries concerned in that Re-gion.

(5) A sub-Region is an area consistingof two or more countries in the sameRegion.

(d) Categories of service. (1) Any seg-ment of the radio spectrum can be allo-cated to one or more radio services 2 ei-ther on a worldwide or Regional basis.In the case where an allocation hasbeen made to more than one service,such services are listed in the followingorder:

(i) Services the names of which areprinted in ‘‘capitals’’ [example:FIXED]; these are called ‘‘primary’’services;

(ii) Services, the names of which areprinted in ‘‘capitals’’ between obliquestrokes [example: /RADIOLOCATION/];these are called ‘‘permitted’’ services;


335


(iii) Services, the names of which areprinted in ‘‘normal characters’’ [exam-ple: Mobile]; these are called ‘‘second-ary’’ services.

(2) Additional remarks pertaining toan allocation are printed in ‘‘normalcharacters’’ [example: MOBILE exceptaeronautical mobile].

(3) Permitted and primary serviceshave equal rights, except that, in thepreparation of frequency plans, the pri-mary services, as compared with thepermitted services, shall have priorchoice of frequencies.

(4) Stations of a secondary service:(i) Shall not cause harmful inter-

ference to stations of primary or per-mitted services to which frequenciesare already assigned or to which fre-quencies may be assigned at a laterdate;

(ii) Cannot claim protection fromharmful interference from stations of aprimary or permitted service to whichfrequencies are already assigned ormay be assigned at a later date;

(iii) Can claim protection, however,from harmful interference from sta-tions of the same or other secondaryservice(s) to which frequencies may beassigned at a later date.

(5) Where a band is indicated in afootnote of the International Table(i.e., columns 1, 2, and 3 of § 2.106) as al-located to a service ‘‘on a secondarybasis’’ in an area smaller than a Re-gion, or in a particular country, this isa secondary service.

(6) Where a band is indicated in afootnote of the International Table asallocated to a service ‘‘on a primarybasis’’, or ‘‘on a permitted basis’’ in anarea smaller than a Region, or in a par-ticular country, this is a primary serv-ice or a permitted service only in thatarea country.

(e) Additional allocations. (1) Where aband is indicated in a footnote of theInternational Table as ‘‘also allocated’’to a service in an area smaller than aRegion, or in a particular country, thisis an ‘‘additional’’ allocation, i.e., anallocation which is added in this coun-try area or in this country to the serv-ice or services which are indicated inthe International Table.

(2) If the footnote does not includeany restriction on the service or serv-ices concerned apart from the restric-

tion to operate only in a particulararea or country, stations of this serviceor these services shall have equality ofright to operate with stations of theother primary service or services indi-cated in the International Table.

(3) If restrictions are imposed on anadditional allocation in addition to therestriction to operate only in a par-ticular area or country, this is indi-cated in the footnote of the Inter-national Table.

(f) Alternative allocations. (1) Where aband is indicated in a footnote of theInternational Table as ‘‘allocated’’ toone or more services in an area smallerthan a Region, or in a particular coun-try, this is an ‘‘alternative’’ allocation,i.e., an allocation which replaces, inthis area or in this country, the alloca-tions indicated in the InternationalTable.

(2) If the footnote does not includeany restriction on stations of the serv-ice or services concerned, apart fromthe restriction to operate only in a par-ticular area or country, these stationsof such a service or services shall havean equality of right to operate withstations of the primary service or serv-ices, shall have an equality of right tooperate with stations of the primaryservice or services, indicated in theInternational Table, to which the bandis allocated in other areas or countries.

(3) If restrictions are imposed on sta-tions of a service to which an alter-native allocation is made, in additionto the restriction to operate only in aparticular country or area, this is indi-cated in the footnote.

(g) Miscellaneous provision. (1) Whereit is indicated that a service may oper-ate in a specific frequency band subjectto not causing harmful interference,this means also that this service can-not claim protection from harmful in-terference caused by other services towhich the band is allocated underChapter III of the international RadioRegulations.

(2) Except if otherwise specified in afootnote, the term fixed service does notinclude systems using ionospheric scat-ter propagation.

(h) Format of the International Table.(1) The heading of the InternationalTable includes three columns (columnsnumber 1, 2 and 3 of § 2.106), each of


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47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–97 Edition)§ 2.104

3 French is used to keep this table consist-ent with the International Table as pub-lished by ITU.

which corresponds to one of the Re-gions. Where an allocation occupies thewhole of the width of the Table or onlytwo of the three columns, this is aworld-wide allocation or a Regional al-location, respectively.

(2) The frequency band referred to ineach allocation is indicated in the left-hand top corner of the part of theTable concerned.

(3) Within each of the categoriesspecified in paragraph (c)(1) of this sec-tion, services are listed in alphabeticalorder according to the French lan-guage. 3 The order of listing does notindicate relative priority within eachcategory.

(4) In the case where there is a par-enthetical addition to an allocation in

the International Table [example:FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-earth)],that service allocation is restricted tothe type of operation so indicated.

(5) The footnote references which ap-pear in the International Table belowthe allocated service or services applyto the whole of the allocation con-cerned.

(6) The footnote references which ap-pear to the right of the name of a serv-ice are applicable only to that particu-lar service.

(7) In certain cases, the names ofcountries appearing in the footnoteshave been simplified in order to short-en the text.

Figure 1. Chart of the International Regions and Zones as defined in the International Table of FrequencyAllocations. [Note: The shaded part represents the Tropical Zone as defined by § 2.104b)(4).]

[49 FR 2373, Jan. 19, 1984, as amended at 54 FR 49981, Dec. 4, 1989; 61 FR 15384, Apr. 8, 1996]


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1 See § 2.104(a)(1) for definition of Region 2.2 The Caribbean insular areas are: The

Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; the unincor-porated territory of the United States VirginIslands; and Navassa Island, Quita SuenoBank, Roncador Bank, serrana Bank andSerranilla Bank.

3 The Pacific insular areas located in Re-gion 2 are: Johnston Island and Midway Is-land.

4 The operation of stations in the Pacificinsular areas located in Region 3 are gen-erally governed by the International plan forRegion 3 (i.e., column 3 of § 2.106). The Pacificinsular areas located in Region 3 are: theCommonwealth of the Northern Mariana Is-lands; the unincorporated territory of Amer-ican Samoa; the unincorporated territory ofGuam; and Baker Island, Howland Island,Jarvis Island, Kingman Reef, Palmyra Islandand Wake Island.

5 Section 305(a) of the Communications Actof 1934, as amended; Executive Order 12046 (26March 1978) and Department of CommerceOrganization Order 10–10 (9 May 1979).

6 The Communications Act of 1934, asamended.

7 Definitions of the various radio servicesused are contained in § 2.1.

§ 2.105 United States Table of Fre-quency Allocations.

(a) The United States Table of Fre-quency Allocations (columns 4 through7 of § 2.106) is based on the Inter-national plan for Region 2 because therelevant area of jurisdiction is locatedprimarily in Region 2 1 (i.e., the 50States, the District of Columbia, theCaribbean insular areas 2 and some ofthe Pacific insular areas 3).4 Becausethere is a need to provide radio spec-trum for both Federal government andnon-Federal government operations,the United States Table is divided intothe Government Table of FrequencyAllocation and the Non-GovernmentTable of Frequency Allocations. TheGovernment plan, as shown in column4 of § 2.106, is administered by the Na-tional Telecommunications and Infor-mation Administration (NTIA) 5,whereas the non-Government plan, asshown in column 5 of § 2.106, is adminis-tered by the Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC) 6

(b) In the United States, radio spec-trum may be allocated to either Gov-ernment or non-Government use exclu-sively, or for shared use. In the case ofshared use, the type of service(s) per-mitted need not be the same [e.g., Gov-ernment FIXED, non-Government MO-BILE]. The terms used to designate

categories of service 7 in columns 4 and5 of § 2.106, correspond to the terms em-ployed by the International Tele-communication Union (ITU) in theinternational Radio Regulations.

(c) Categories of services. (1) Any seg-ment of the radio spectrum may be al-located to the Government and/or non-Government sectors either on an exclu-sive or shared basis for use by one ormore radio services. In the case wherean allocation has been made to morethan one service, such services are list-ed in the following order:

(i) Services, the names of which areprinted in ‘‘capitals’’ [example:FIXED]; these are called ‘‘primary’’services;

(ii) Services, the names of which areprinted in capitals between obliquestrokes [example: /RADIOLOCATION/];these are called ‘‘permitted services’’;

(iii) Services, the names of which areprinted in ‘‘normal characters’’ [exam-ple: Mobile]; these are called ‘‘second-ary’’ services.

(2) Permitted and primary serviceshave equal rights, except that, in thepreparation of frequency plans, the pri-mary services, as compared with thepermitted services, shall have priorchoice of frequencies.

(3) Stations of a secondary service:(i) Shall not cause harmful inter-

ference to stations of primary or per-mitted services to which frequenciesare already assigned or to which fre-quencies may be assigned at a laterdate.

(ii) Cannot claim protection fromharmful interference from stations of aprimary or permitted service to whichfrequencies are already assigned ormay be assigned at a later date; and

(iii) Can claim protection, however,from harmful interference from sta-tions of the same or other secondaryservice(s) to which frequencies may beassigned at a later date.

(d) Format of the United States Table.(1) The frequency band referred to ineach allocation, column 4 for Govern-ment and column 5 for non-Govern-ment, is indicated in the left-hand topcorner of the column. If there is noservice or footnote indicated for a band


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47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–97 Edition)§ 2.105

of frequencies in either column 4 or 5,then the Government or the non-Gov-ernment sector, respectively, has noaccess to that band except as providedfor by §2.102.

(2) The Government allocation plan,given in column 4, is included for infor-mational purposes only.

(3) In the case where there is a par-enthetical addition to an allocation inthe United States Table [example:FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-earth)],that service allocation is restricted tothe type of operation so indicated.

(4) The following symbols are used todesignate footnotes in the UnitedStates Table:

(i) Any footnote not prefixed by a let-ter, denotes an international footnote.Where such a footnote is applicable,without modification, to the UnitedStates Table, the symbol appears inthe United States Table (column 4 or 5)and denotes a stipulation affectingboth the Government and non-Govern-ment plans.

(ii) Any footnote consisting of theletters US followed by one or more dig-its, e.g., US, denotes a stipulation af-fecting both the Government and non-Government plans.

(iii) Any footnote consisting of theletters NG followed by one or more dig-its, e.g., NG1, denotes a stipulation ap-plicable only to the non-Governmentplan (column 5).

(iv) Any footnote consisting of theletter G following by one or more dig-its, e.g., G1, denotes a stipulation ap-plicable only to the Government plan(column 4).

(5) Column 6 provides a reference toindicate which Rule part(s) (e.g., Pri-vate Land Mobile Radio Services, Do-mestic Public Land Mobile Radio Serv-ices, etc.) are given assignments withinthe allocation plan specified in column5 for any given band of frequencies. Theexact use that can be made of anygiven frequency or frequencies (e.g.,channelling plans, allowable emissions,etc.) is given in the Rule part(s) so in-dicated. The Rule parts in this columnare not allocations. They are providedfor informational purposes only.

(6) Column 7 is used to denote certainfrequencies which have national and/orinternational significance.

[49 FR 2373, Jan. 19, 1984, as amended at 49FR 44101, Nov. 2, 1984]


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