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TRANSCRIPT
-fechman Ltd * monolto ...i M. —
42111NWa0a2 63.4121 SUTCLIFFE
ONAKAWANA DEVELOPMENT LIMITED
ONAKAWANA LIGNITE PROJECT
Report on the Geology
of the
Onakawana Lignite Deposit, 1980
Prepared by Techman Ltd. - Manalta Coal Ltd,
010
4211
ONAKAWANA
63.4121 SUTCLIFFE
uuruoii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
010C
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 General1.2 Location and Access
1.3 History
Page l l l l
2.0 DETAILED TECHNICAL DATA AND INTREPRETATION
2.1 Purpose2.1.1 Methodology2.1.2 Data Confidence Limits
2.2 Geology
2.2.1 General Geology2.2.2 Detailed Geology
2.2.3 Tectonic Considerations2.2.4 Environment of Deposition
2.3 Lignite Reserve Estimates
5557889
101212
3.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 14
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 15
11
;:,,1lL irPfi LECf
eDRAWING N 0
E-370-15-01-00
E-370-15-02-00
E-370-15-03-00
E-370-15-04-00
E-370-15-05-00
E-370-15-06-00
E-370-15-07-00
E-370-15-08-00
E-370-15-09-00
E-370-15-10-00
E-370-15-11-00
E-370-15-12-00
' E-370-15-13-00
E-370-15-14-00
E-370-15-15-00
E-370-15-16-00
E-370-15-17-00
E-370-15-18-00
MAP TYPE
Base
FD
IDX
Base
Base
se
se
I
I
seI
I
seI
seseii
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LIST OF DRAWINGS
TITLE
Topographic Base Map of the Onakawana L1gn1t1c Coal Area
Fence Diagram Showing L1gn1t1c Coal Seam Correlations Based on Geophysical Logs
Index to Cross-Sections
Onakawana Drillhole Locations
Onakawana Drillhole Locations In Detail Area
Pre-Ple1stocene {'Bedrock') Surface
Pre-Plelstocene ('Bedrock') Surface 1n Detail Area
Overburden Thickness
Overburden Thickness 1n Detail Area
Top of Upper Seam
Net Thickness of Upper Seam
Net Parting Thickness Within Upper Seam
Base of Upper Seam
Interburden between Upper and Lower Seams
Top of Lower Seam
Top of Lower Seam 1n Detail Area
Net Thickness of Lower Seam
Net Thickness of Lower Seam In Detail Area
naica (**i M. —
SCALE
1:10,000
1:10,000
1:10,000
1:10,000
1: 5,000
1:10,000
1: 5,000
1:10,000
1: 5,000
1:10,000
1:10,000
1:10,000
1:10,000
1:10,000
1:10,000
1: 5,000
1:10,000
1: 5,000
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E-370-15-19-00
E-370-15-20-00
E-370-15-21-00
E-370-15-22-00
I
I
SC
SC
Net Parting Thickness within Lower Seam
Net Parting Thickness within Lower Seam 1n Detail Area
1:10,000
1: 5,000
Base of Lower Seam 1:10,000
Base of Lower Seam 1n Detail area 1: 5,000
— —— —- —— -- — -- - . — -- - - - — - - . . - - .-
*
DRAWING N 0
BR-370-15-01-00BR-370-15-02-00BR-370-15-03-00BR-370-15-04-00
BR-370-15-05-00BR-370-15-06-00BR-370-15-07-00BR-370-15-08-00BR-370-15-09-00BR-370-15-10-00BR-370-15-11-00BR-370-15-12-00
BR-370-15-13-00BR-370-15-14-00BR-370-15-15-00BR-370-15-16-00BR-370-15-17-00BR-370-15-18-00BR-370-15-19-00BR-370-15-20-00BR-370-15-21-00BR-370-15-22-00
ONAKAWANA
Cross-Section
AA 1BB 1
CC'DD 1
EE'FF 1GG'
HH 1II'JJ 1KK'LL'MM'NN'00'pp.QQ'RR'SS 1TT'UU'XX'
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CROSS-SECTIONS
Vertical HorizontalLatitude Scale Scale
5,608,095 N 1: 500 1:5,0005,607,500 N5,607,265 N5,606,990 N
5,606,690 N5,606,385 N
5,606,060 N5,605,765 N5,605,470 N5,605,190 N5,604,840 N5,604,565 N
5,604,185 H
5,603,880 N5,603,565 N5,603,240 N -5,603,015 H5,602,730 N5,602,300 N5,602,000 N5,601,700 NNORTH-SOUTH 1: 500 1:5,000
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
Onakawana Development Limited of Toronto, Ontario, contracted Techman Ltd. and Manalta Coal Limited of Calgary, Alberta, to complete a detail study of the geology and to calcualte lignite reserve estimates for the Onakawana Lignite deposit in Northern Ontario. Work was undertaken during the period May to August 1980.
1.2 Location and Access
The Onakawana lignite deposit is located 200 kilometres north of Cochrane, Ontario and 96 kilometres south of Moosonee (see Figures 1.0.1 and 1.0.2). The area is crossed by latitude 50' 37'N and longi tude 810 25'W.
Access can be gained by helicopter from Timmins or via a branch of the Ontario Northland Railway from Cochrane to Moosonee which crosses the eastern part of the lignite field.
1.3 History
The lignite deposit was first reported 1n 1672 by English settlers at Moosonee and was used as fuel in blacksmith operations.
The first geological investigation was by Isbister 1n 1855. Later field work was conducted by R. Bell (1877), W. A. Parks (1889), E. B. Borrow (1880 S 1891), J. M. Bell (1904). Baker (1911) and Keele (1920). Refe rences to their reports are listed in the ODM reports of Dyer (1930), Dyer and Crozier (1933) and Dyer and Gerrie (1952).
The area underlain by the deposit was withdrawn from staking by the Ontario Government in 1926 and a detailed study by the Ontario Depart ment of Mines was Initiated to evaluate the economic potential of the lignite and fire clays. During the years 1929 to 1933, 116 drillholes
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MILES
Location Map
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ONAKAWANA DEVELOPMENT LIMITED
FIGURE 1.0-1LOCATION OF ONAKAWANA
STUDY AREA
TECHMAN LTD.
UTM J, 60*, 000 N
UTM 5,601,000 N
ONAKAWANA STUDY AREA
FIGURE 1.0-2
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and two shafts were completed. A report was published 1n 1933 summariz ing the geology, coal quality, mining and utilization studies. A report completed by the Ontario Research Foundation also published in 1933, recommended that no immediate commercial development be undertaken at that time.
The property lay dormant until 1939 when the Timiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway undertook a drilling program adjacent to the railroad. This area was extensively drilled and a bulk sample was extracted to evaluate the quantity and quality of the lignite reserves as potential fuel for locomotive power generation.
The Alberta Coal Company (now Manalta Coal Ltd) conducted a short drill ing program during 1968 to further delineate the lignite field. Addit ional drilling, was done by Manalta Coal Ltd. in 1972 and 1980, under a contract for Onakawana Development Ltd. (a subsidiary of Manalta Coal Ltd).
In 1977, Golder Associates drilled a series of holes as part of a geo technical investigation of the Onakawana lease area.tref.) Excepting for holes which were deep enough to penetrate lignite, this series of holes provides little useful geological information of the lignite deposit.
TABLE l
SUMMARY OF DRILLING
Drilling Program
Drillhole Prefex
# of Holes
# of Holes with Surveyed Coor.
Geophysical Logs
Total Metres
1929-33 DH,C 1161939-43 B 182
1967-68 68 55
1972 P,ON,EA,H,HC 781977 G 271980 ODL 29
79O
292729
57815720222336168321309
TOTAL 487 45 56 18881
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Of the 487 Onakawana drillholes, 451 fall within the 64 km2 area covered by the 1:10,000 scale topographic base map prepared by I.E. Rody Company Ltd. Approximately 60/& of these holes are clustered in an area of the map representing 7 1/2 km2 and are too closely spaced to be adequately analysed on a scale of 1:10,000. The 36 drillholes which do not appear on the 1:10,000 scale map are listed below with an explan ation for their omission.
TABLE 2
DRILLHOLE DELETIONS
OFF LEASE AREA
EA1-72PI -72P3 -72P4 -72P5 -72P6 -72
P29-72P30-72P31-72DH-94DH-95
DH-3DH-14DH-15
Sub-total 14
WITHIN LEASE AREA BUT OUTSIDE 1:10.000 MAP COVERAGE
P7 -72 P8 -72 P9 -72 P10-72 Pll-72 P12-72 P13-72 P14-72 P16-72
P17-72 P25-72 P27-72 P28-72 H15-72 H16-72
Sub-total 15
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Sub-total
Sub-total 4
GRAND TOTAL 36
HOLE ABANDONED
G202 6307 G411
LOCATION UNKNOWN
DH78 DH81DH79DH80
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2.0 DETAILED TECHNICAL DATA AND INTERPRETATION
2.1 Purpose
Although a number of reports assessing the geology of the Onakawana Hg- ni'te deposit have been prepared since 1930, concern has been expressed regarding the reliability of the data from some of the drilling programs and there has been some disagreement on seam correlations between reports.
The scope of this report entails:
1) The establishment of confidence limits for drillhole Information and the elimination of unreliable data.
2) A review of the lignite seam correlation.
3) The preparation of a complete set of geological contour maps {at a scale of 1:10,000) for seam isopach and structure, bedrock surface, overburden, interburden, and parting isopach maps.
4) The preparation of a series of east-west cross-sections through the property at 300 metre intervals drawn at a vertical scale of 1:500 and a horizontal scale of 1:5000 (10:1 vertical exaggeration).
5) The preparation of a "mini report" to summarize the methodology, and geologic assessment as well as a brief interpretation of the poss ible environments of deposition during the period of peat accumul ation.
2.1.1 Methodology
The project, initiated in the later part of May, involved a complete review of previous geologic data and reports including a search for drillhole survey coordinates and the assessment of the reliability of the hole descriptions.
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Basemaps were prepared at 1:5,000 and 1:10,000 scales on topographic maps supplied by Onakawana Development Ltd. Drillholes were plotted according to a code, based on apparent reliability of location Inform ation. Holes lacking coordinates were omitted (see Table 2).
A preliminary set of east-west cross-sections were drawn at 300 metre intervals to establish a consistent seam correlation. Holes not falling on the lines were projected to the nearest Hne. Three additional cross-sections following SW-NE trends were also drawn using only geo physical logs from the 1980 drill program. A revised seam correlation was based extensively on the geophysical log profiles.
Contour maps were prepared at a 1:10,000 scale based on the revised lig nite seam correlations from the preliminary cross-sections. Contour maps for the Eastern area were originally drawn at 1:5,000 scale because of the high density of drillhole in this area, and were then reduced to a 1:10,000 scale.
A revised set of east-west cross-sections at 300 metre intervals were then drawn using the information from the contour maps. The sections were drawn in an east-west direction to aid- In mine planning since mining operations are planned to be directed from east to west with the highwall running at right angles to the sections. The revised sections show only the drillholes that He along the line or were close enough to the line that the Information would conform with the geometry of that line. One north-south trending cross-section (XX 1 ) was constructed to verify the seam correlations expressed in the east-west sections. Be cause of intrinsic errors in map contours caused by interpolating values between data points, a priority list was established for confidence of map contours. From the correlation established from geophysical logs (1980 drilling) it was found that the best marker horizon 1n the Creta ceous stratigraphy was the base of the lower seam. This marker was also the most common value throughout the deposit because of local erosion of stratigraphically higher marker zones. Therefore, 1t was decided that this contour had the highest confidence limit. The thickness isopach of the lower seam had the next highest confidence limit followed by the top structure of the lower seam, bottom structure of the upper seam, net
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thickness of upper seam, thickness Isopach of Interburden between the upper and lower seams, and finally the top structure of the upper seam. The cross-sections were thus constructed by plotting contour Information with the highest confidence limits working down 1n sequence until the lowest confidence limits. If during this procedure an error was found, the contour map with the least confidence Hm1t was adjusted to conform with information from maps of higher confidence limits. By using this procedure it was possible to construct cross-sections and contour maps that best represent the actual geometry of the lignite deposit.
2.1.2 Data Confidence Limits
Confidence limits for drillholes were formed on the basis of reliability of hole coordinates (highest confidence for surveyed locations), the use of geophysical logging, and the presence of a geologist's or drillers logs of the hole. Since the confidence limits are based on qualitative rather than quantitative analyses, no numerical values are expressed.
The 1980 series of drilling was assessed the highest level of confidence because the holes had surveyed coordinates and geophysical logs.
Some of the 1968 and 1972 holes were surveyed 'but were rated below the 1980 drilling because geophysical logs were not run 1n the holes. The holes completed during 1929-33 and 1939-43 are rated with a high degree of confidence. Although it could not be determined 1f the collar loca tions were surveyed and no geophysical logs were run, the detail reports would indicate that extensive work was carried out during these pro grams. A lower confidence limit was placed on the remaining unsurveyed 1968, 1972, holes since hole coordinates seem to vary from one map to another and no geophysical logs were run.
The following chart summarizes the level of confidence placed on the available drill data (the lower the "position" the higher the confidence level):
Position # Criteria
1980 drillholes with surveyed coordinates and geo physical logs.
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1968 and 1972 drillholes with surveyed coordinates; no geophysical logs
1929-33 and 1939-43 collar coordinates may or many not be surveyed; no geophysical logs.
1968, 1972, 1977 drillholes with no surveyed coord inates; no geophysical logs for 1968 and 1972 holes; logs for 1977 holes were run in till Holes with uncertain collar locations and hence not shown on accompanying maps.
2.2 Geology
2.2.1 General Geology
The Onakawana lignite deposit Hes within the Moose River Basin and 1s underlain by Precambrian gneisses and Devonian sedimentary rocks. The lignite occurs in Cretaceous strata which 1s overlain by Pleistocene sediments (see Table 3). Surface exposures of Cretaceous strata are rare and, most of the geological information- has been gained through drilling.
The Precambrian syenitic and granitic gneisses are unconformably over lain Devonian strata comprising of clastic sediments of the Sextant Formation, limestones, dolomites, and gypsums of the Williams Island Formation and clays and shales of the Long Rapids Formation.
Jurassic sands and clays, found locally overlying the Devonian strata, have not been identified within the Onakawana lease area.
The Cretaceous Mattigami Formation unconformably overlies the Devonian and Jurassic strata and is comprised of poorly indurated clay and sand layers along with the seams of lignite.
TABLE 3
TABLE OF FORMATIONS
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UJ
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oM O
UJ O
0 1— 1 0 M O t/)UJs:
PALEOZOIC
•o osi0)f\
frQuaternc
Cretaceous
Jurassic
Upper Devonian
01 ci— fOT3 T--o c•r- 0s: >
8
S- ra
FORMATION
M ATT I GAM I FORMATION
Jurassic beds
LONG RAPIDS FORMATION
WILLIAMS ISLAND and older FORMATIONS
LITHOLOGY
Post glacial: peat, calcareous lacustrine and marine clay and shell-bearing sand
Glacial and interglacial: calcareous till, peat^ largely calcareous Lacustrine and marine clay and shell -bearing sand
Clay, in part carbonaceous and laminated, in part variegated "fire clay"; sandstone, non-indurated, quartzose, coarse "silica sand", lignite
Sand, non-indurated, quartzose, fine, well-rounded; grey-green, calcareous in part
Clay, poorly indurated, non-calcareous; inter bedded pale green* soft, and harder, dark grey shale
Limestone, partly fossiliferous, and dolomite with with some gypsum and red beds
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Recent peat deposits with an average thickness of l metre cover marine clay and glacial till except in areas adjacent to major rivers where drainage conditons improve and trees are present.
2.2.2 Detailed Geology
The lignite deposit, covering an area of approximately 2430 hectares, 1s divided into an upper and lower seam. Localized rider seams are also associated with the major divisions. The seams dip gently (less than l degree) to the west although local high and low areas within the deposit cause the seam to undulate.
The lower seam, comprised of two units, is generally continuous through out the area. The lower unit 1s more continuous than the upper unit and tends to shale out in the western areas. The two units are locally separated by clay partings which attain a maximum recorded thickness of 5.7 metres.
The lower seam appears to be unaffected by glacial erosion except 1n the subcrop area, along a north south trending section bounded by UTM coord inates E466.500 and E467.000 (see map E12) and -1n a north-south trending zone between UTM coordinates E467,OOOE and E470.000 [the area, about 200 metres wide, divides in the north to two depressions leaving a small Island of coal (see map E12)3. Glacial erosion and/or pre-glac1al channelling may have resulted in the removal of the lignite in these areas. Holes 80-16 and 80-17 failed to Intersect coal and a geological interpretation has defined the extent of this feature.
Lignite thickness of the lower seam varies throughout the field and reaches a maximum recorded thickness of 19.5 metres 1n the south central part of the field. The variations may be attributed to topographic highs and lows during peat accumulation and to the effect of glacial erosion.
Strata separating the lower and upper seams includes clay and and silica sand. The presence of sand is quite variable and apparently has no relationship to the thickening or thinning of the two seams. The
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lateral extent of the sand Is unknown due to the extensive glacial ero sion and low density drilling 1n areas where it occurs.
The upper seam, which has been subject to more intense glacial erosion, covers a smaller area than the lower seam. The largest area of upper seam lies within UTM coordinates E463.700 and E466.000 and 5,601,500 and N5, 607, 000. A r emilian t of upper seam, also occurs between N5, 605, 200 and N5, 604, 300 and E466.700 and E467.800 and is a structural depression.
The upper seam exhibits variable thickness, (-up imtcr"tftr4^meifefrps4 attain ing a maximum thickness of 12.4 metres, and commonly contains a number of clay partings.
The overburden consists of Cretaceous clay and sand along with Quatern ary boulder clay, gravel, sand, clay, and peat. The variability of Hthologles make correlation between drillholes difficult and Impractic able. The total overburden varies over the deposit and attains It's greatest thickness in the western areas where over 50 metres has been encountered.
Correlations of lithologic units are, in some cases, difficult due to typing errors and faulty drilling practices which may, 1n some Instan ces, result in gravels and boulder clays being shown between and/or below the lignite deposits.
2.2.3 Tectonic Considerations
Previous data and reports have indicated that the lignite has been affected by pressures caused by the movement of thick ice sheets during the Pleistocene. Evidence for this conclusion are:
1) During the construction of the "W" shaft, thin to thick (up to 8 cm) bands of clay and gravel were found in the lignite and run generally perpendicular or oblique to the layering in the lignite. Dyer A Crozier (1933) speculated that the weight of the glacier(s) forced the overlying material into the natural fracture pattern of the lig nite.
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2) The driller's and geologist's descriptions have reported the pres ence of gravel and boulder layers within and below the lignite, thus indicating possible movement and dislocation of lignite from the main body of the deposit.
3) The relative softness of the Cretaceous "bedrock" material would not display much resistance to an oblique force {the force would be generally from the north as the ice sheets passed over the depo sit).
The above phenomena can be attributed to the glacial affects. However, some features are caused by at least two unrelated factors.
1) Errors were found in the transcribing of the original hole descript ions. For example, Hole 68-25 shows a typed description as "grey clay and boulders" lying below the lignite seam. This would Indi cate that till occurs below the lignite and suggests that the lig nite is disturbed and separated from the main lignite body. The original driller's log, however, does not describe any boulders in the clay material below the seam.
2) Other instances occur where boulders or gravel have been described in or below the lignite seams. This can be caused in some cases by post Cretaceous rocks being dislodged up hole and falling down below the bit where 1t is redrilled as "1n place" gravel or rock material. Similarily during coring operations, where the rocks and core barrel are removed from the hole each time the core tube 1s filled, mate rial may fall down the hole. In soft and fractured coal, low water pressures are required during coring. These low pressures are In sufficient to wash out dislodged up hole rocks. Consequently, these rocks may end up at the bottom of the hole. Furthermore, the soft coal can and does slip out of the core tube and remains 1n the hole with the dislodged rock material. The next run would then core through the previously cored coal, and gravel and Into uncored material. The resulting core description would show a gravel within the seam. Complete geophysical logs of each hole would provide a check against the driller's or geologist's descriptions.
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The previous discussion would indicate that some phenomena can be attri buted to either glacial disturbance or observation errors. Bands within the lignite as described in the W shaft cannot be explained as observ ation errors. A certain degree of glacial "bulldozing" and related features must have occured but are difficult to assess through drilling. Careful high density (closely spaced holes) drilling may aid in predict ing areas where some disturbance has occured.
2.2.4 Environment of Deposition
The lignite deposit occurs in a structural basin underlain by, Devonian strata and Precambrian gneisses.
The drainage direction, as determined 1n an area to the south west of the property indicates a paleocurrent direction trending to the north (L. L. Price, 1978).
The depositional environment as suggested from a study of plant fossils by Bell in 1928, and supported by Hopkins and Sweet (1976) suggest a conifer swamp environment characterized by periodic flooding. Transpor tation of peat material was minimal. The Hthologies Indicate the exis tence of meandering streams, ephemeral lakes, swamps and bogs, possibly in an upper deltaic environment. The lignite of the upper and lower seams 1s comprised distinct layers of woody (tree trunks and roots), earthly (crumbles in hand), and peaty (small stems of woody lignite) material in varying proportions. The relative abundance of megaspores varies within the different seams and may. represent one criteria for seam correlation within the field. The silica sands may represent In filling by meandering streams crossing the depositional area.
2.3 Lignite Reserve Estimates
TABLE 4 contains a summary of the estimated 1n situ reserves contained in the lignite field.
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The thickness Isopach maps for each seam were planimetered and volumes and tonnes for each contour Interval calculated. Reserve calculations were based on previous work by Golder and Associates (1977) which showed the lignite to have a weight of 75 Ib/ft. 3 . To convert cubic metres to metric tonnes, the volume (m^) was multiplied by 1.199. The in situ reserve estimates are a summation of the calculated data.
Area
TABLE 4
Seam Division Estimated Reserves (metric tonnes)
East Field Upper Seam Lower Seam
Not present 6,222,164
West Field Upper Seam Lower Seam
30,498,212145,541,986
TOTAL 182,262,362
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CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The lignite deposit at Onakawana has been subdivided into an upper seam which is present in the western part of the property and a lower seam which is generally continuous throughout.
Glaciation has effectively removed the lateral extensions of the lignite deposits in all directions causing the Onakawana field to be completely surrounded by thick deposits of Quaternary material. The upper seam has been removed over larger areas than the lower seam.
Future drilling should be conducted in the central and western areas to better define the subcrops, coal thicknesses, effects of glacial erosion and to confirm the proposed seam correlation. A complete set of geo physical logs should be run for all drillholes in future drill programs. In addition to drilling, palynostratigraphy (pollen and spore) analyses may also help to confirm the present seam correlations.
The additional drilling should be completed three-five years prior to the commencing of the mining operation 1n each area. A drill program should be undertaken in the following locations-:
1) the northwest area of the East Field where there 1s some question as to the continuity of the seam;
2) adjacent to holes 80-16 and 80-17 to confirm the geological Inter pretation and
3) in areas where the lignite appears abnormally thick to prove or dis prove past drill data.
The drillhole spacing should be related to 1) quality of previous dril ling, 2) previous drillhole spacing, 3) the correlation between future drill-hoie data and the cross-sections that accompany this report {if data agrees with sections, no additional drilling 1s required).
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SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Boyd, J.T. 1971:
Dyer, W.S. 1930:
Reserve Study Onakawana Lignite Field, James Bay area, Ontario J.T. Boyd Min. Eng.
The Onakawana Lignite Deposit, Moose River Basin (Pro gress Report to May 31, 1930); Ont. Dept. Mines, Thirty- Ninth Ann Rept., V. XXXIX PT. VI P. l - 14
Dyer, W.S. and Crozier, A.R.1933: Lignite and Refractory Clay Deposits of the Onakawana
Lignite Field; Ont. Dept. Mines, Forty-Second Ann. Rept.,V. X Lil, Pt. Ill, P. 46-78
Dyer, W.S. and Geerie1953: Re-Log of Onakawana Drill Hole A; Ont. Dept. Mines,
Sixty-First Ann, Rept., V. LXI, Pt. 6 p-82-95
Golder Associates1978: Of a Report to Onakawana Development Limited providing
Geotechnical Evaluation and slope design Recommendations for the Proposed Onakawana Lignite Mining Project, Near Moosonee, Ontario (Val. l and Val 2),
Hopkins, W.S. and Sweet, A.R.1976: Miospores and Megaspores from the Lower Cretaceons Mattl-
gami Formation of Ontario: Geol. Surv. Can.; Bull. 256,P. 55-71
McNulty, J.E. and Byrom, R.1980: Review of Drilling Programs Onakawana Lignite Project; P.
Weir Co.
Ontario Research Foundation1933: A Technical and Economic Investigation of Northern
Ontario Lignite Ont.- Dept. Mines, Forty-Second Ann.Rept., V. XLII, Pt. Ill, P. 1-45
Payne, B. 1980: Onakawana Development Limited Data Summary (1980 Drilling
Program); Rept. Jackson-Payne Co.
Price, L.L.1978: Mesozoic Deposits of the Hudson Bay Lowland and Coal
Deposits of the Onakawana Area, Ontario; Geol. Surv. Can.P. 75-13
Verma, M.M. and Keller, S.M.1980: Onakawana Lignite Reserve Estimate and Feasibility Study
Phase I Report; Rept. Dames and Moore
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Trusler, J.R. and others1974: Onakawana Lignite Area, District of Cochrane, Ont. D1v.
Mines, OFR 5111, 334 p., and 7 maps
Telford, P.G. and Verma, H.M. (Editors)1979: Mesozoic Geology and Mineral Potential of the Moose River
Basin, District of Cochrane: Ont. Geo!. Surv. 311 P; 6Tables, 38 Figures
UTM 8,60*, 000 N
——— * ———t j,/ III ••••••••i
UTM 5,601,000 N
ONAKAWANA LIGNITE DEPOSIT INDEX TO CROSS-SECTIONS
UTM S, W, 000 N
UTM 5,401,000 N
ONAKAWANA LIGNITE DEPOSIT INDEX TO CROSS-SECTIONS
•o
5,60
8,09
5 N
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SS
SX'
1 /x
'376
07, S
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N.
5, 6
07, 2
65 N
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sym
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O
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al
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info
rmat
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not
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tim
e of
map
pre
para
tion
A
Dril
lhol
e co
-ord
inat
es a
ppea
r to
be
app
roxi
mat
e (±
15
m)
V
Dril
lho
le c
o-or
dina
tes
know
n to
be
appr
oxim
ate
(t
15m
). H
ole
drille
d
by
Go
lde
r A
ssoc
iate
s fo
r ge
otec
hnic
al
stud
y
Sou
rce
of
drillh
ole
an
d sh
aft
info
rmat
ion
Pref
\x
or n
ame
DH
C
W
Sha
ft
B 68-
E A
, P, O
N, i H
HC
OD
L 80-
Dril
ling
prog
ram
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1939
-
1941
1968
1972
1972
1977
1980
Ava
ilab
le
info
rmat
ion
Dril
ler's
or
fie
ld
geol
ogis
t's
log
Fiel
d g
eo
log
ist's
lo
g
(Hol
e part
ially
co
red)
G
eolo
gis
t's
log
(Dee
p oi
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plor
atio
n ho
le;
part
ially
cor
ed)
Geolo
gis
t's
log
Fiel
d ge
olog
ist's
lo
g
Drille
r's
log
Dril
ler's
or
field
geo
logi
st's
log
Fie
ld
geol
ogis
t's
log
(Ho
le part
ially
cor
ed)
Gra
phic
lo
g(H
oi*
cor
ed
and
logg
ed b
y ge
ophy
sica
l m
etho
ds
for
geot
echn
ical
st
udy)
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ler's
, ge
olog
ist's
an
d ge
ophy
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l lo
g
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le
part
tolly
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red)
Ita
liciz
ed
n
um
be
r in
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ate
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da
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ess
or
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vation
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in
met
res
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No
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al
rec
ord
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NDC
Ho
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dee
p
enou
gh
to
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Dril
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rvey
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S
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ates
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pear
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lect
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rvey
dat
a ;
orig
inal
so
urce
of
lo
catio
n in
form
atio
n no
t kn
own
at
time
of
map
pr
epar
atio
n
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lhol
e co
-ord
inat
es
appe
ar
to
be
appr
oxim
ate
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5m)
V
Dril
lhol
e co
-ord
inat
es
know
n to
be
ap
prox
imat
e (±
15m
).
Hol
e dr
illed
by
G
olde
r A
ssoc
iate
s fo
r ge
otec
hnic
al
stud
y
Sou
rce
of
drillh
ole
an
d sh
aft
info
rmat
ion
Pre
fix^r
nam
eO
H
C
Ava
i lab
le
Info
rmat
ion
Dril
ler's
or
ft
*ld
g
eo
log
ist^
lo
g
Fiel
d geolo
gis
t's l
og
(Hol
e part
ially
co
red)
G
eo lo
g i ir't
log
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p oi
l ex
plor
atio
n ho
lef p
art
ially
cor
ed)
Geo
logi
st's
lo
g
Fiel
d g
eo
log
ist's
lo
g
Dril
ler's
lo
g
Dril
ler's
or
field
geo
log
i it'i l
og
rulin
g
pro
gra
m
1929
-
1933
19
29
- 19
33
UP
PE
R
SE
AM
S
UB
CR
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B
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ND
AR
Y
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SE
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S
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r?
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Fiel
d ge
olog
ist's
lo
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ole
part
ially
core
d)
Gra
phic
lo
g(H
ole
core
d an
d lo
gged
by
geop
hysi
cal
met
hods
fo
r ge
otec
hnic
al
stud
y)
Dri
ller's
, g
eolo
gist
's
and
geop
hysi
cal
log
(Hol
e pa
rtia
lly
core
d )
Itali
cize
d
nu
mbe
r n
tdic
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s datu
m (t
kick
nts
x or
tl
ivati
o* a
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rt t
ea b
vt/
J i
n
No
hg
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c co
al
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d
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pper
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m c
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eabl
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Hol
e no
t deep
enou
gh t
o re
cord
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al
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sent
Lig
niti
c co
al
subcr
op
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in
ferr
ed,
assu
med
)
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eabl
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Dri
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ls
O D
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ve
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rvey
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r pr
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veye
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rillh
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rdin
ates
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pear
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lect
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rvey
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a ;
orig
inal
so
urce
of
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catio
n in
form
atio
n no
t kn
own
at
time
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pr
epar
atio
n
A
Dril
lhol
e co
-ord
inat
es
appe
ar
to
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oxim
ate
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m)
V
Dril
lhol
e co
-ord
inat
es
know
n to
be
ap
prox
imat
e (±
15m
).
Hol
e dr
illed
by
G
olde
r A
ssoc
iate
s fo
r ge
otec
hnic
al
stud
y
Sour
ce
of
drill
hoU
an
d sh
aft
info
rmat
ion
Pre
fix o
r na
me
DH
C
W
Sha
ft
B 68-
EA
,P,O
N,4
H
HC
orx-
eo
Dril
ling
prog
ram
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1929
-
J933
)929
-
1933
1939
-
1941
1968
1972
1972
1977
1980
Ava
i lab
le
Info
rmat
ion
Df t
il tr'i
or
field
g
*olo
gitt^
lo
g
Fr*
ld
ge
olo
gis
t's
log
(Ho
i*
pa
rtia
lly
core
d)
Ge
olo
gis
f's
log
(Dee
p oi
l ex
plor
atio
n ho
le)
part
ially
cor
ed)
Geolo
gis
t's
log
Fie
ld
ge
olo
gis
t's
log
Drille
r's
log
Drille
r's or
field
geolo
gis
t's l
og
Fie
ld
geol
ogis
t's
log
{Hole
part
ially
core
d)
Gra
phic
lo
g(H
ole
core
d an
d lo
gged
by
geop
hysi
cal
met
hods
fo
r ge
otec
hnic
al s
tudy
)
Dril
ler's
, g
eolo
gist
's
and
geop
hysi
cal
log
(Hol
e pa
rtia
lly
core
d)
Ita
liciz
ed
nu
mbe
r in
dic
ate
s
dafu
m (t
hic
kn
ess
or
ele
va
tio
n a
bove
sea
leve
l) in
metr
es
NXC
No
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co
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r*~
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NOE
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t
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niti
c co
al
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op b
ound
ary
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ed
, as
sum
ed)
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uct
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l co
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ur
(met
res)
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00
MET
RES
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400
300
200
500
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19
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e be
en
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d
n D
rillh
ole
co
-ord
inat
es
appe
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ce
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loca
tion
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form
atio
n no
t kn
own
at t
ime
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ap p
repa
ratio
n
A
Dril
lhol
e co
-ord
mar
es a
ppea
r to
be
app
roxi
mat
e (±
15
m)
V
Dril
lho
le c
o-or
dina
tes
know
n to
be
appr
oxim
ate
(±
15m
). H
ole
drille
d
by
Go
lde
r A
ssoc
iate
s fo
r ge
otec
hnic
al
stud
y
Sou
r c*
of
drill
hole
an
d sh
aft
info
rmat
ion
Pre
fix o
r na
me
DH
C 'A'
W
Sha
ft
68-
E A
, P,
ON
, 4 H
HC
OD
l 80
-
Dril
ling
prog
ram
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1939
-
1941
1966
1972
1972
. 19
77
1980
Ava
ilabl
e in
form
atio
nD
rille
r's
or
f i d
d
geol
ogis
t's
log
Fiel
d g
eo
log
ist's
lo
g
(Ho
le
pa
rtia
lly
core
d)
Geolo
gis
t's
log
(Dee
p oi
l ex
plor
atio
n ho
le;
pa
rtia
lly c
ored
)
Ge
olo
gis
t's
log
Fiel
d ge
olog
ist's
lo
gD
rille
r's
log
Dril
ler's
or
field
ge
olog
ist's
log
Fiel
d ge
olog
ist's
lo
g(H
ole
part
ially
cor
ed)
Gra
phic
lo
g(H
ole
cor
ed
and
logg
ed b
y ge
ophy
sica
l m
etho
ds
for
geot
echn
ical
st
udy)
Dril
ler's
, ge
olog
ist's
an
d ge
ophy
sica
l lo
g (H
ole
p
art
ially
co
red)
italiciz
ed
nu
mb
er
md
tca
tts
datu
m
(thic
kness
or
ele
vation
abov
e se
a le
ve
l)
in m
etr
es
N/C
No
lig
nitic
co
alre
co
rde
d
NDf
Hol
e no
t de
ep
enou
gh
to s
how
co
al
if pr
esen
t
Lig
niti
c co
al
subc
rop
bo
un
da
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(infe
rred,
assu
med
)
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xxxx
xx
Test
pit
Taili
ngs
pile
Aba
ndon
ed
shaf
t
Lim
it of
are
a co
vere
d on
de
tail
shee
t
Dri
llhol
e sy
mbo
ls
o D
rillh
ole
loca
tion
know
n to
ha
ve
been
su
rvey
ed o
r pr
esur
veye
d
CD D
rillh
ole
co-o
rdin
ates
ap
pear
to
ref
lect
su
rvey
dat
a ;
orig
inal
so
urce
of
lo
catio
n in
form
atio
n no
t kn
own
at
time
of
map
pr
epar
atio
n
A
Dril
lhol
e co
-ord
inat
es
appe
ar
to
be
appr
oxim
ate
(t 1
5m)
V
Dril
lhol
e co
-ord
inat
es
know
n to
be
ap
prox
imat
e (±
15m
).
Hol
e dr
illed
by
G
olde
r A
ssoc
iate
s fo
r ge
otec
hnic
al
stud
y
Sou
rce
of
drill
hole
an
d sh
aft
info
rmat
ion
Pre
fix o
r na
me
DH
C
W S
haft
B 68
-
EA
,P,O
N,4
H
HC
'rilli
na p
rogr
am19
29
- 19
33
1929
-
1933
1929
-
J933
1929
-
1933
1939
-
1941
OO
L 8
0-
1972
1972
1977
1980
Ava
ilabl
e In
form
atio
nD
rille
r's
or
field
g
eo
log
ist^
lo
g
Fiel
d geolo
gis
t's
log
(Ho
t*
part
ial l
y co
red
} G
eo
log
ist's
lo
g[D
eep
oil
expl
orat
ion
hole
) part
ially
cor
ed)
Ge
olo
gis
t's
log
Fiel
d ge
olog
ist's
lo
g
Dril
ler's
lo
g
Drille
r'i
or
field
ge
olog
ist's
log
Fie
ld
geob
gist
's
log
(Hol
e part
ially
cor
ed)
Gra
phic
lo
g(H
ole
core
d on
d lo
gged
by
geop
hysi
cal
met
hods
fo
r ge
otec
hnic
al
stud
y)
Dri
ller's
, g
eolo
gist
's
and
geop
hysi
cal
log
(Ho
i*
pa
rtia
lly
core
d)
Italic
ized
nu
mb
er
ind
ica
tes
datu
m
{th
ickn
ess
or
ele
vatio
n
ab
ove
sea
le
vel)
in m
etr
es
N/C
No
hgni
tic
coal
reco
rde
d
NDC
Hol
e no
t d
ee
p
enou
gh t
o re
cord
co
al
if pr
esen
t
12 10
Lig
nitic
co
al
subcr
op
boundary
(infe
rred,
assu
med
)
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uct
ura
l co
ntou
r (m
etre
s)
l:10,0
00
MET
RES
500
400
300
200
230
500
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NTO
UR
IN
TERV
AL
2m
onak
awan
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TLE
'
ON
AK
AW
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Tai
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pi
le
Aba
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t
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it of
are
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vere
d on
de
tail
shee
t
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ole
sy
mbo
ls
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rillh
ole
loca
tion
kn
own
to
have
be
en
surv
eyed
or
pre
surv
eyed
Q D
rillh
ole
co-o
rdin
ates
appear
to r
efle
ct
surv
ey d
ata
; o
rig
ina
l so
urce
of
lo
catio
n in
form
atio
n no
t kn
own
at
time
of
map
pre
para
tion
A
Dril
lhol
e co
-ord
inat
es
appe
ar
to
be
appr
oxim
ate
(±15
m)
V
Dril
lhol
e co
-ord
inat
es
know
n to
be
ap
prox
imat
e (±
15m
).
Hol
e d
rille
d
by
Gol
der
Ass
ocia
tes
for
geot
echn
ical
st
udy
Sou
rce
of
drillh
ole
on
d sh
aft
info
rmat
ion
Pre
fix o
r na
me
DH
C
W
Sha
ft
B 68
-
EA
,P,O
N,4
H
HC
OD
t 8
0-
*rH
lina
prog
ram
192V
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1929
-
T933
1929
-
1933
193V
-
1941
1968
1972
1972
1977
1980
Avo
i lob
le
Info
rmat
ion
Dril
ler's
or
fifld
gto
logis
f^
log
Fiel
d geolo
gis
t's
log
(Ho
t*
part
ially
co
red)
G
eolo
gis
t's
log
[Dee
p oi
l ex
plor
atio
n ho
le;
part
ially
cor
ed)
Ge
olo
gis
t's
log
Fiel
d g
eo
log
ist's
lo
g
Drille
r's
log
Dril
ler's
or
fi*ld
ge
olog
ist's
log
Fie
ld
ge
ob
gis
t's
log
(Ho
le p
art
ially
core
d)
Gra
phic
lo
g(H
ole
core
d an
d lo
gged
by
geop
hysi
cal
met
hods
fo
r ge
otec
hnic
al
stud
y)
Dr i
Her
'i , geolo
gis
t'i
ond
geop
hysi
cal
log
(Ho
le
part
ially
co
red
)
Ita
liciz
ed
n
um
ber
in
dic
ate
s
Jo
fvm
(t
hic
kn
ess
or
ele
va
tio
n
ab
ove
sea
/evo/}
in
m
etr
es
H/C
No
hgm
tic
coa
l re
cord
ed
©
N
umbe
r of
part
ings
with
in s
eam
Hol
e no
t deep
en
ou
gh
to
reco
rd
coal
if pr
esen
Lig
niti
c co
al
sub
cro
p
boundary
(infe
rred,
assu
med
)
Par
ting
isopach
(m
etr
es)
1:1
0,0
00
MET
RES
500
400
300
200
100
250
500
CO
NTO
UR
IN
TER
VA
L 1m
l-
onak
awan
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NA
KA
WA
NA
LI
GNI
TE
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SIT
ISO
PA
CH
M
AP
of
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RTI
NG
TH
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NE
SS
W
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IN U
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SEA
M
JULY
19
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V
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Dri
llho
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sym
bol*
Test
pi
t
Taili
ngs
pile
Aba
ndon
ed
shaf
t
Lim
it of
are
a co
vere
d on
de
tail
shee
t
oD
rillh
ole
loca
tion
know
n to
ha
ve
been
su
rvey
ed o
r pr
esur
veye
d
Q D
rillh
ole
co-o
rdin
ates
ap
pear
to
ref
lect
su
rvey
dat
a ;
orig
inal
so
urce
of
lo
catio
n in
form
atio
n no
t kn
own
at
time
of
map
pr
epar
atio
n
A
Dril
lhol
e co
-ord
inat
es
appe
ar t
o be
ap
prox
imat
e (*
15
m)
V
Dril
lhol
e co
-ord
inat
es
know
n to
be
ap
prox
imat
e (±
15m
).
Hol
e dr
illed
by
G
olde
r A
ssoc
iate
s fo
r ge
otec
hnic
al
stud
y
Sour
ce
of
drill
hole
an
d *h
oft
info
rmat
ion
Pre
fix o
r na
me
DH
C
W
Sha
ft
B 68-
EA
,P,O
N,4
H
HC
OO
L 80-
Tiin
na
p
rog
ram
19
29
- 19
33
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
T929
-
1933
1939
-
1941
1968
1972
)972
1977
1980
Ava
ilabl
e In
form
atio
nD
rille
r's
or
fi*ld
g
vo
log
ittt
lo
g
Fi*
l d
g*o
log
rii'j
log
(Ho
i*
part
ially
co
rtd)
Geolo
gis
t's
log
{D**
p o
il ex
plor
atio
n h
ol*
( part
ially
ccx
wd)
Ceolo
giit
's
log
Fiel
d g
eo
log
ist's
lo
g
Dril
ler's
lo
g
Dril
ler's
or
field
g
eo
log
ist's
log
Fie
ld
geol
ogis
t's
log
(Hol
e p
art
ially
cor
ed}
Gra
phic
lo
g(H
ole
core
d an
d lo
gged
by
geop
hysi
cal
met
hods
fo
r ge
o te
chni
cal
stud
y)
Drille
r's
, ae
olo
gift
'*
and
geop
hysi
cal
log
{Hol
e part
ially
co
red
)
ltol,ct*
9d
num
ber
,nd,
cat9
S d
atu
m
{th
ickn
0ss
or
t/tv
arion
above
sea
fo
vt/J
,n
N/C
No
lig
nitic
co
al
reco
rde
d
NOI
Ho
le
not
deep
en
ou
gh
to
record
co
al
if
pre
sen
t
Lig
niti
c co
al
subc
rop
boun
dary
(in
ferr
ed,
assu
med
)
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uctu
ral
cont
our
(met
res)
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0,0
00
M
ETFE
S
500
400
300
200
500
CO
NT
OU
R
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RV
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le
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ndon
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t
Lim
it of
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vere
d on
de
tail
shee
t
Drillh
ole
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mbo
ls
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Dril
lhol
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catio
n
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n to
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ve
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su
rvey
ed
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pres
urve
yed
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rillh
ole
co-o
rdin
ates
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pear
to
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flect
su
rvey
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; o
rig
ina
l so
urce
of
lo
catio
n in
form
atio
n no
t kn
own
at
time
of
map
pr
epar
atio
n
A
Dril
lhol
e co
-ord
inat
es
appe
ar
to
be
appr
oxim
ate
(-1
5m
)
V
Dril
lhol
e co
-ord
inat
es
know
n to
be
ap
prox
imat
e (t
15m
).
Hol
e d
rille
d
by
Gol
der
Ass
ocia
tes
for
geot
echn
ical
st
udy
Sour
ce
of
drill
hole
an
d sh
aft
info
rmat
ion
Pre
fix o
r na
me
DH
C
W
Sho
fr
B 68-
EA
,P,O
N,4
H
HC
otx
ao-
'rilh
ng p
rpgr
om19
29
- 19
33
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1939
-
1941
196*
1972
1972
1977
1980
Ava
ilab
le
Info
rmat
ion
Drille
r's
or
field
g
eo
log
ist^
lo
g
Fiel
d geolo
gis
t's
log
(Hol
e parr
iolly
co
red)
G
eolo
gis
t's
log
(Dee
p oi
l ex
plor
atio
n ho
le,
pa
rtia
lly c
ored
)
Geolo
gis
t's
log
Fiel
d ge
olog
ist's
lo
g
Drille
r's
log
Dril
ler's
or
field
ge
olog
ist's
log
Fie
ld
geol
ogis
t's
log
(Ho
le
part
ially
cor
ed)
Gra
phic
lo
g(H
ole
core
d an
d lo
gged
by
geop
hysi
cal
met
hods
fo
r ge
otec
hnic
al
stud
y}
Drille
r's
, ge
olog
ist's
an
d ge
ophy
sica
l lo
g (H
ole
part
ially
co
red
)
Ita
liciz
ed
nu
mbe
r in
dic
ates
datu
m
(thic
kness
or
ele
vatio
n
abo
ve s
ea
level)
in
met
res
MA:
No
hgm
tic
coal
re
cord
ed
* U
pper
sea
m c
onsi
dere
d un
min
eabl
e
NDE
Hol
e no
t d
eep
en
ough
to
reco
rd
coal
if pr
esen
t
. Lig
niti
c co
al
subc
rop
bo
un
da
ry
(infe
rred,
assu
med
)
10*
9-
Lim
it of
inte
rburd
en
Inte
rbu
rde
n
iso
pa
ch
(met
res)
1M
O,0
00
MET
RES
500
400
300
200
100
250
500
CO
NTO
UR
IN
TER
VAL
1m
onak
awan
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TLE
'
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AK
AW
AN
A
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NITE
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70
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Test
pit
Taili
ngs
pile
Aba
ndon
ed
shaf
t
Lim
it of
are
a co
vere
d on
deta
il sh
eet
Drillh
ole
sy
mbo
ls
O
Drillh
ole
lo
catio
n
know
n to
ha
ve
been
su
rvey
ed
or
pre
surv
eye
d
D D
rillh
ole
co-o
rdin
ate
s a
pp
ea
r to
re
flect
su
rvey
data
; origin
al
sour
ce
of
loca
tion
in
form
atio
n
not
know
n a
t tim
e of
map
pre
para
tion
A
Dril
lhol
e co
-ord
inat
es
appe
ar
to
be
appr
oxim
ate
(±15
m)
V
Dril
lhole
co
-ord
ina
tes
know
n to
be
ap
prox
imat
e (i 1
5m).
H
ole
drille
d
by
Go
lde
r A
ssoc
iate
s fo
r ge
otec
hnic
al
stud
y
Sou
rce
of
drillh
ole
on
d sh
aft
info
rmatio
n
Pre
fix o
r na
me
DM
C
W
Sha
ft
B 68-
EA
,P,O
N,4
H
HC
OD
L 8
0-
'rill
ina
p
rog
ram
19
29
- 19
33
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1939
-
1941
1968
1972
1972
1977
1980
Avo
i tab
le
Info
rmat
ion
Drille
r's
or
fivld
g
eolo
gis
t^
log
Fie
ld
geo
log
ist's
lo
g
(Hol
e part
ially
co
red)
Geolo
gis
t's
log
(D*e
p o
il ex
plo
rati
on
hol
e; p
arti
ally
cor
ed)
Ge
olo
gis
t's
log
Fiel
d ge
olog
ist's
lo
g
Drille
r's
log
Drille
r's
or
fiel
d
geo
log
ist's
log
Fie
ld
geol
ogis
t's
log
(Hol
e part
ially
core
d)
Gra
phic
lo
g(H
ole
core
d an
d lo
gged
by
geop
hysi
cal
met
hods
fo
r ge
otec
hnic
al
stud
y}
Dril
ler's
,
geol
ogis
t's
and
geop
hysi
cal
log
(Hol
e part
ially
co
red
)
Ita
liciz
ed
nu
mbe
r in
dic
ate
s datu
m
(th
ickn
ess
or
ele
vation
ab
ove
se
a le
ve
l)
in m
etr
es
N7C
No
lig
nitic
co
al
reco
rde
d
NDI
Hole
not
de
ep
e
no
ug
h
to re
cord
co
al
if
pre
se
nt
B —
-
. , ,.
. *
Lig
mticco
al
su
bcro
p
boundary
(in
ferr
ed
, as
sum
ed)
Str
uct
ura
l co
nto
ur
(metr
es)
l: 1
0,0
00
METR
ES
500
400
300
200
100
250
500
CO
NT
OU
R
INT
ER
VA
L 2m
CIC
LIE
NT'
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awan
ade
velo
pmen
t lim
ited
TITLE
:
ON
AK
AW
AN
A
LIG
NITE
DE
POSI
TS
TRU
CTU
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ON
TOU
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MA
P
of
TOP
OF
LOW
ER
SE
AM
DA
TE,
JULY
19
80C
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PIL
ED
BY
JH
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ltd.
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ta ..
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KA
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R
IVER
Test
p
it
Tai
lings
pi
le
Drillh
ole
sy
mbo
ls
Drillh
ole
lo
catio
n
know
n to
hav
e be
en
surv
eyed
or
pr
esur
veye
dO D A
Drillh
ole
co
-ord
inate
s appear
to re
flect
su
rvey
d
ata
, origin
al
sour
ce
of
loca
tion
info
rma
tion
not
kno
wn
at
time
of m
ap pre
para
tion
Dril
lhole
co
-ord
ma
tes
appe
ar t
o be
appro
xim
ate
(±
15
m)
Drillh
ole
co-o
rdin
ate
s kn
own
to b
e appro
xim
ate
(t
15
m).
Hol
e dn
ed
by
G
old
er
Ass
oci
ate
s fo
r g
eo
tech
nic
al
stud
y
Sour
ce
of
drill
hole
an
d sh
aft
info
rmat
ion
Pre
fix
or n
ame
DH
C 'A'
W
Sho
tt
B 68
-
E A
, P,
ON
, 4 H
HC
OD
L 80
-
Dril
ling
prog
ram
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1939
-
1941
1968
1972
1972
1977
1980
Ava
ilabl
e in
form
atio
nD
rille
r's
or
field
geolo
gis
t's
log
Fiel
d geolo
gis
t's
log
(Hole
p
arti
ally
co
red)
Geolo
gis
t's
log
(Dee
p oi
l e
xplo
ratio
n
hole
, part
ially
ca
rtd)
Gvolo
gnt'i
log
Fiel
d ge
olog
ist's
lo
g
Dril
ler's
lo
g
Drillv
r'j
or f
ield
ge
olog
ist's
log
field
ge
olog
ist's
lo
g(H
ole
par
tial
ly c
ored
)
Gra
phic
lo
g(H
oi*
cor
ed
and
logg
ed b
r ge
o ph
j-s "t
at
met
hod)
fo
r ge
otec
hnic
al
stud
y)
Dri
ller's
, ge
olog
ist's
an
d ge
ophy
sica
l lo
g(H
ole
part
ially
co
red)
Ita
liciz
ed
n
um
be
r in
dic
ate
s datu
m
(th
ickn
ess
or
ele
va
tio
n
abov
e se
a le
ve
l)
in m
etr
es
N/C
No
ligm
tic
coal
record
ed
NM
Ho
le
no
t d
ee
p
en
ou
gh
to
sh
ow
co
al
if
pre
sent
9 ^
— -
—
Lig
nitic
co
al
subcr
op
bo
un
da
ry^^
'••••*
if
J -M
(in
terr
ed
, as
sum
ed)
^ .5
5"
——
^ S
truc
tura
l co
ntou
r (m
etre
s)
1-5
,000
ME
TR
ES
300
250
200
150
100
5010
020
030
0
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350
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L 2m
onak
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ade
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ited
ON
AK
AW
AN
A
LIG
NIT
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POSI
TS
TRU
CTU
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L C
ON
TOU
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P
ofTO
P O
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M
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Test
pi
t
Tai
lings
pi
le
Aba
ndon
ed
shaf
t
Lim
it of
are
a co
vere
d on
de
tail
shee
t
Drillh
ole
sy
mbo
ls
G D
rillh
ole
lo
catio
n
know
n to
ha
ve
been
surv
eyed
or
pre
surv
eye
d
a D
rillh
ole
co
-ord
ina
tes
ap
pe
ar
to re
flect
su
rvey
da
ta ;
origin
al
sour
ce
of
loca
tion
in
form
atio
n
not
know
n a
t tim
e of
map
pre
para
tion
A
Dril
lhol
e co
-ord
inat
es
appe
ar
to
be
appr
oxim
ate
(- 1
5m)
V
Dril
lhol
e co
-ord
inat
es
know
n to
be
ap
prox
imat
e (i1
5m
).
Hol
e d
rille
d
by
Gol
der
Ass
ocia
tes
for
geot
echn
ical
st
udy
Sour
ce
of
drill
hole
an
d sh
aft
info
rmat
ion
Pre
fix o
r na
me
DH
C
W
Sh
aft
B 68-
E A
, P,
ON
, 4
H
HC
OD
L 8
0-
Dril
ling
prog
ram
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1939
-
1941
1968
1972
1972
1977
1980
Avo
i tab
le
Info
rmat
ion
Drille
r's
or
field
g
eolo
gis
t^
log
Fie
ld
geo
log
ist's
lo
g
( Hol
e part
ial l
y co
red
) G
*olo
gn
t's
log
[Dee
p oi
l ex
plor
atio
n ho
le; p
ort
tally
cor
ed)
Ge
olo
gis
t's
log
Fie
ld
geolo
gis
t's
log
Df i
lief's
lo
g
Drille
r's o
r fi
eld
ge
olog
ist's
log
Fie
ld
geol
ogis
t's
log
(Ho
le
par
tial
ly c
ore
d}
Gra
phic
lo
g(H
ole
cor
ed
and
logg
ed b
y ge
ophy
sica
lm
etho
ds
for
geot
echn
ical
st
udy)
Dri
ller'
s , g
eolo
gist
's
and
g
eop
hys
ical
lo
g{H
ole
part
ially
co
red)
''aliened
nu
mb
er
ind
icat
es
dat
um
{t
hic
kn
ess
or
ele
va
tio
n
ab
ove
se
a le
ve
l)
in m
etre
s
N/C
ND
E
No
lignitic
co
al
reco
rded
Hol
e n
ot
deep
enough
to re
co
rd
co
al
if p
rese
nt
Lig
nitic
co
al
sub
cro
p
bo
un
da
ry
(infe
rred,
assu
med
)
Lig
niti
c co
al
iso
pa
ch
(me
tre
s)
l: 1
0,0
00
MET
RES
500
400
300
200
500
CO
NTO
UR
IN
TER
VA
L 2m
CLI
EN
T'
ZH
\ O
AdkO
UlO
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pmen
t lim
ited
TITL
E'
ON
AK
AW
AN
A
LIG
NITE
DE
POSI
TIS
OP
AC
H
MA
P
ofN
ET
THIC
KN
ES
S
OF
LOW
ER
S
EA
MDA
TE.
COM
PILE
D BY
JULY
19
80
PS
WG
, M
LR
ledw
mi L
td.
* in
QA
olta
c**i
H*.
DR
AW
N
8V:
PLS
, D
BM
CH
EC
KE
D
BY:
PR
OJE
CT
No
s
TM
370
DR
WG
. N
o.
;
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70-1
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7-0
0
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360
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Xvv
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*——
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LOW
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SU
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DA
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LOW
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S
EA
M
SU
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AM
S
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ND
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^xxx
^^^^
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^xxx
^4
68
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68
, 500
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, 5
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47
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D E
TA
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SH
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A
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A
OF
DEN
SE
DR
ILLI
NG
EA
ST O
F TH
E O
NA
KA
WA
NA
RI
VER
Test
p
it
Tai
lings
pi
le
Drillh
ole
sy
mbo
ls
Drillh
ole
lo
catio
n
know
n to
hav
e be
en
surv
eyed
or
pr
esur
veye
dO
Drillh
ole
co
-ord
inate
s a
pp
ea
r to
refle
ct
surv
ey d
ata
; origin
al
sour
ce
of
loca
tion
info
rmatio
n n
ot
know
n a
t tim
e of
map
pre
para
tion
Dril
lhol
e co
-ord
inate
s appear
to
be a
ppro
xim
ate
(t
15
m)
Drillh
ole
co-o
rdin
ate
s kn
own
to b
e a
pp
roxi
ma
te
(t
15m
). H
ole
drille
d
by
Go
lde
r A
sso
cia
tes
for
ge
ote
chn
ica
l sr
udy
Sour
ce
of
drill
hole
an
d sh
aft
info
rmat
ion
Pre
fix
or n
ame
DH
C 'A'
W
Sha
ft
B 68
-
EA
,P,O
N,4
H
HC
OD
L 80
-
Dril
ling
prog
ram
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1939
-
1941
1968
1972
1972
1977
1980
Avo
ilobl
e in
form
atio
nD
rille
r's
or
field
ge
olog
ist's
lo
g
Fiel
d geolo
gitt
's
log
(Hol
e p
arti
ally
co
r*d)
G
eo
log
ist's
lo
g(D
eep
oil
expl
orat
ion
hole
; p
art
ially
car
ed)
Geo
logi
st's
lo
g
Fiel
d ge
olog
ist's
lo
g
Drille
r's
log
Dri
ller'
s or
fie
ld
geo
log
ist's
log
Fie
ld
geol
ogis
t's
log
(Ho
le
pa
rtia
lly
co
red
)
Gra
phic
lo
g(H
ole
core
d an
d lo
gged
by
geop
hysi
cal
met
hod*
fo
r ge
otec
hnic
al
stud
y)
Dril
ler's
, ge
olog
ist's
an
d ge
ophy
sica
l lo
g(H
oi*
p
art
ially
co
red)
Italic
ized
nu
mb
tr
ind
ica
tes
datu
m
(thic
kness
or
e/e
vatio
n
abov
e se
a le
ve
l)
m m
etr
es
N/C
No
hg
nitic
co
al
record
ed
NM
Ho
le
no
t d
ee
p
en
ou
gh
to
sh
ow
coal
if
pre
sen
t
^.
— -
— ^
Lig
nitic
co
al
subcr
op
boundary
*^*
'••••*
l L
J
J^
[in
terr
ed
, ass
um
ed)
Lig
nit.
ic
coal
isopach
(m
etr
es)
rs,o
ooM
ET
RE
S
300
250
200
150
100
50too
200
300
421
l1N
W0
00
2
63
.41
21
S
UT
CLI
FF
E370
CLI
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en
surv
eyed
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pr
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veye
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co-o
rdin
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pear
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flect
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rvey
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ina
l so
urce
of
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catio
n in
form
atio
n no
t kn
own
at
time
of
map
pr
epar
atio
n
A
Dril
lhol
e co
-ord
inat
es
appe
ar
to
be
appr
oxim
ate
(±15
m)
V
Dril
lhol
e co
-ord
inat
es
know
n to
be
ap
prox
imat
e (±
15m
).
Hol
e d
rille
d
by
Gol
der
Ass
ocia
tes
for
geot
echn
ical
st
udy
Sour
ce
of
drill
hole
an
d sh
aft
info
rmat
ion
Pre
fix o
r na
me
DH
C
W
Sho
ff
B 68-
EA
,P,O
N,4
H
HC
DD
L 80-
Dril
ling
prog
ram
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1939
-
1941
1968
1972
1972
1977
1980
Avo
liab
le
Info
rmat
ion
Drill*
r'j
or
fi#ld
gv
olog
u'S
lo
g
Fiel
d geolo
gis
t's
log
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* p
orn
ally
co
red)
G
eolo
gist
's
tog
(De*
p oi
l ex
plor
atio
n ho
le;
part
ially
cor
ed}
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log
ist's
lo
g
Fiel
d ge
olog
ist's
lo
g
Drille
r's
log
Dril
ler's
or
field
ge
olog
ist's
log
Fie
ld
geol
ogis
t's
log
l H
ole
part
ially
co
red
)
Gra
phic
lo
g(H
oi*
cor
ed
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y ge
ophy
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l m
etho
ds
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echn
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ist's
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ess
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vation
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al
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rma
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n at
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para
tion
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co
-ord
inate
s ap
pear
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xim
ate
(±
15
m)
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ole
co-o
rdin
ate
s kn
own
to b
e appro
xim
ate
(t
15
m).
Hol
e d
rille
d
by
Gold
er
Ass
oci
ate
s fo
r g
eo
tech
nic
al
stud
y
Sour
ce
of
drill
hole
an
d sh
aft
info
rmat
ion
Pre
fix
or n
ame
DH
C 'A'
W
Sha
ft
B 68
-
EA
,P,O
N,4
H
HC
OD
L 80
-
Dril
ling
prog
ram
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1939
-
1941
1968
1972
1972
1977
I960
Ava
ilabl
e in
form
atio
nD
rille
r's
or
field
ge
olog
ist^
lo
g
Fi*
ld
geol
ogis
t's
log
(Hoi*
part
ially
co
red)
G
eolo
gis
t's
log
(Dee
p oi
l ex
plor
atio
n h
olt;
pa
rtia
lly c
ored
)
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logi
st's
lo
g
Fiel
d ge
olog
ist's
lo
g
Drille
r's
log
Dril
ler's
or
field
ge
olog
ist's
log
Fiel
d ge
olog
ist's
lo
g(H
ole
part
ially
core
d)
Gra
ph
ic
log
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le c
ored
an
d lo
gged
by
geop
hysi
cal
met
hods
fo
r g
eote
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st
udy)
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ler's
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olog
ist's
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d ge
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l lo
g(H
ole
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r in
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al
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ed
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mb
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ithin
sea
m
Hole
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ot
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ep
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al
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pre
sen
t
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—
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nitic
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al
sub
cro
p
boundary
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ed
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um
ed)
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ting
isopach
(m
etr
es)
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0
MtT
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300
250
200
150
100
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pi
r
Taili
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Aba
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t
Lim
it of
are
a co
vere
d on
d
eta
il sh
eet
Dril
lhol
e sy
mbo
ls
o D
rillh
ole
loca
tion
know
n to
ha
ve
been
su
rvey
ed o
r pr
esur
veye
d
H D
rillh
ole
co
-ord
inate
s a
pp
ea
r to
re
flect
su
rvey
data
; origin
al
sour
ce
of
loca
tion
in
form
atio
n
not
know
n a
t tim
e
of
map
pre
para
tion
AD
rillh
ole
co-o
rdin
ate
s ap
pea
r to
be
ap
prox
imat
e (-
15
m)
V
Drillh
ole
co
-ord
inat
es
know
n to
be
ap
prox
imat
e (±
15m
) .
Hol
e drille
d
by
Gold
er
Ass
ocia
tes
for
geot
echn
ical
st
udy
Sou
rce
of
drillh
ole
on
d sh
aft
info
rmatio
n
Pre
fix o
r na
me
DH
C
W
Sha
ft
B 68-
EA
,P,O
N,S
.H
HC
DD
L 80-
'rill
ina
p
rog
ram
19
29
- 19
33
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1939
-
1941
1968
1972
1972
1977
1980
Ava
ilabl
e In
form
atio
nD
rille
r'i
or
field
ge
olog
ist's
lo
g
Fiel
d geolo
gis
t's
log
( Hol
e p
arti
ally
co
red
)
Geo
log
ist's
lo
g(D
eep
oil
expl
orat
ion
hole
; p
art
ially
cor
ed)
Geo
logi
st's
lo
g
Fiel
d ge
olog
ist's
lo
g
DfiH
er's
lo
g
Dril
ler's
or
field
ge
olog
ist's
log
Fiel
d ge
olog
ist's
lo
g(H
ole
part
ially
cor
ed)
Gra
phic
lo
g(H
ole
core
d an
d lo
gged
by
geop
hysi
cal
met
hods
fo
r ge
otec
hnic
al
stud
y}
Dril
ler's
, g
eolo
gist
's
and
geop
hysi
cal
log
(Ho
le
pa
rtia
lly
core
d )
Ita
liciz
ed
n
um
be
r in
dic
ate
s
da
tum
{t
hic
kn
ess
or
ele
vation
ab
ove
se
a
level)
in m
etr
es
N/C
ND
E
No
lignih
c
coa
l re
cord
ed
Ho
le
not
deep
enough
to re
co
rd
co
al
if p
rese
nt
Lig
nitic
co
al
su
bcro
p
boundary
(in
ferr
ed
, as
sum
ed)
Str
uct
ura
l co
nto
ur
(metr
es)
-.10,0
00M
ETR
ES
500
400
300
200
100
250
50O
CO
NTO
UR
IN
TE
RV
AL
2m
OJE
NT
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awan
a d.v
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TITL
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AW
AN
A
LIG
NITE
DE
POSI
TS
TR
UC
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L C
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TOU
R
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P
ofBA
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WER
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ATE
:
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19
80C
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Test
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Tai
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s pi
le
Drillh
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ly
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Drillh
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o
ca
tio
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ha
ve
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rve
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pre
surv
eye
d
a D
rillh
ole
co
-ord
mafe
s appear
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rvey
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ta,
origin
al
sour
ce
of
loca
tion
info
rma
tion
not
kn
own
at
time
of m
ap pre
para
tion
A
Dril
lhol
e co
-ord
inate
s ap
pear
to
be a
ppro
xim
ate
(±
15
m)
V
Drillh
ole
co
-ord
ina
tes
know
n to
be
ap
pro
xim
ate
(t
15
m).
H
ole
drille
d
by
Gold
er
Ass
oci
ate
s fo
r geote
chnic
al
study
Sour
ce
of
drill
hole
an
d sh
aft
info
rmat
ion
Pre
fix,,
or n
grni
DH
C 'A'
W
Sha
ft
B 68
-
EA
,P,O
N,3
.H
HC
OD
L 80
-
Dril
ling
prog
ram
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1929
-
1933
1939
-
1941
1968
1972
1972
1977
1980
Ava
ilabl
e in
form
atio
nD
rille
r's
or
field
ge
olog
ist's
lo
g
Fitl
d ge
olog
nt's
lo
g
(Hol
e p
art
ially
co
red)
G
eolo
gist
's
log
(Dee
p oi
l ex
plor
atio
n ho
le;
pa
rtia
lly c
ored
)
Geo
logi
st's
lo
g
Fiel
d ge
olog
ist's
lo
g
Dril
ler's
lo
g
Dril
ler'?
or
field
ge
olog
ist's
log
Fie
ld
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