feb. 21, 2008asiafi school on mobile and wireless networks1 enhancing ip mobility handover...
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Feb. 21, 2008 AsiaFI School on Mobile and Wireless Networks 1
Enhancing IP Mobility Handover Management toward Future Internet
Koshiro MitsuyaGraduate School of Media and Governance,
Keio University
WIDE Project (InternetCAR, Nautilus proj.)
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Outline
Introduction of new handover concepts Flow-oriented smooth handover management Result of the proving test (InternetCAR testbe
d)
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Background
Deployment of ubiquitous and heterogeneous wireless access networks Wi-Fi, WiMAX, HSDPA, etc. Overlapped wireless networks
Multihomed Mobile node equipped with several network interfaces switches between or simultaneously uses these interfaces
Proposition Maximally enhance the end-system to obtain the best poss
ible connectivity in such Multihomed Mobile Internet
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Handover by definition
The process of switching the point of attachment (either L2 or L3) to the Internet
appli.
IP
Transport
appli.
NIC NIC
AP AP AP
AR AR
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New Handover Concepts Per-flow Handover
Each packet determines which path (interface) should be used to transmit the packet
Policy-enabled Handover The decision is the results of the comparison of the network conditions wi
th user demand Seamless Handover
The decision dynamically changes due to e.g. the mobility Switching without service interruption is required
Adaptive Handover The switching also causes network conditions to change drastically Some degree of adaptation (e.g. bandwidth smoothing) improves the use
r experience
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Discussion
Issue 1: Roaming between cell without service interruption (seamless horizontal handover)
IP Mobility (MIPv6, NEMO) To support traditional applications Upper layer mobility requires applications to be modified Problems: delay for L2 handover(A), L3 configuration(B,C,D), and CoA regist
ration(E)
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Discussion (cont.)
+ Fast Handovers (FMIPv6) There are many optimizations (below) but only FMIPv6 optimize
(B,C,D) at once L2 handover, L3 configuration, CoA registration, F-HMIPv6
Open issue: We cannot avoid packet loss due to the single CoA limitation Inter-layer instructions is necessary to perform the fast handover Link layer information is media dependent
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Discussion (cont..)
Issue 2: Roaming between different network interfaces (per-flow handover and policy-enabled handover)
IP Mobility (MIPv6, NEMO) MIPv6 only allows to register a single CoA per HoA It results in the hard handover
Multihoming Extension (MCoA) Allow to register multiple CoA No other standard exists
Open Issue: No mechanism to distribute traffic among available paths No mechanism to maintain the policy
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Discussion (cont..)
Issue 3: Path switching is happened often due to the mobility, and it causes network condition to change drastically
Network Condition Adaptation can be implemented at several layers Transport: dynamic renegotiation of connection parameters Session: RSTP, RTP Application: bandwidth smoothing, effective compression
Open Issue: Each optimization technique solves a specific problem so that a
combination of several optimizations are required Each technique independently acquires the link layer info. hence
it is hard to integrate them
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Flow-oriented Smooth Handover Management Concept
Separation of Path Maintenance and Flow DistributionSeparation of Path Maintenance and Flow Distribution
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Path MaintenancePath Maintenance• IP path establishmentfor each interface• API to transparentlyuse the IP paths
Flow DistributionFlow Distribution• Path selection • Flow distribution• Policy management
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Flow-oriented Smooth Handover Management Concept (cont.)
+ Handover Services
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• Defines a set of primitives to assist handover operations
• Events (LinkUp, LinkDown, etc.)• Commands (LinkConnect, etc.)
• Each protocol solves a specific problem so that a combination of protocols is efficient to maximally enhance the performance
• Inter-layer or Inter-node interactions• The standard (abstracted) primitives help the integration
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MNN CNMR PAR NAR
send L2 statusupdate
receive NAR info(L2/L3, QoS results)
perform L2 handoff
Handover Complete Notification
Handover Notification (pre-notification of link characteristics)
make a handover decision- decide NAR- make L2/L3 QoS reservation
Voice+Audio
Voice only
Fast Handoff(few ms)
Adapted to the change of bandwidthdynamically & surely
Example System Flow
Keep old binding cache for a while
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System Diagram
L2 Abstraction IP Mobility
MIPv6, NEMO Optimizations
FMIPv6 (with proposed binding cache mngmnt)
Multiple Care-of Address Flow Distribution Adaptive Application Inter-layer information ex
change
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Flow Distribution Policy(draft-mitsuya-monami6-flow-distribution-policy)
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List of availableHoA/CoA pair
A HoA/CoA pair
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Example
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L2-LinkStatus Acquisition request for the current link status.
L2-PeerList Acquisition request for the list of possible access points.
L2-PeerFound / L2-PeerLost Indication of discovery/missing of candidate access points.
L2-PeerStatus QoS related information about a peer
L2-LinkUp / L2-LinkDown Notification that a new link is up / an connected link is down.
L2-LinkStatusUpdate Notification changes in the status of the connected link.
L2-LinkConnect / L2-LinkDisconnect Request for connection/disconnection of the specific link.
L2 Primitives(draft-irtf-mobopts-l2-abstractions)
* IEEE802.21 WG refer our works
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L3L3
L2L2
TimeTime
L2-LinkToBeDown
L2-LinkConnect L2-LinkUp
L2 HandoverL2 Handover
L3 Handover PreparationL3 Handover Preparation L3 HandoverL3 Handover
RtSolPrRtSolPr
Mobile NodeMobile Node
Previous ARPrevious AR
New ARNew AR
HIHI
FBackFBack
FNAFNA
L2-PeerListL2-PeerFound/Lost
L2-PeerStatus
AP/AR DiscoveryAP/AR Discovery
FBUFBUPrRtAdvPrRtAdv
HAckHAck
PacketsPackets
FMIPv6 (predictive mode)with L2 Primitives
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G.711 Traffic like
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
27.200 27.220 27.240 27.260 27.280 27.300 27.320 27.340 27.360 27.380
time (s)
sequence number
send
recv
mobilityrelatedsignal
1 packet lostdue to L2 handover1 packet lostdue to L2 handover
64kbps traffic80Byte payload packet10msec
Horizontal Handover Performance(against G.711 VoIP traffic)
802.11a, WEP, same channel802.11a, WEP, same channel
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Vertical Handoverswith L2 Primitives
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(A) L2-LinkStatusUpdate-A, (B) L2-LinkStatusUpdate-B, (C ) L2-LinkDown,(D) L2-Connect, (E) L 2− LinkDisconnect
Proposed
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IPv4 Internet
iBurstNetwor
k
iBurstNetwor
k
KDDI/AU
Network
KDDI/AU
Network
In-vehicleIn-vehicle
Experiment Testbsd
MR
HUB
HUB
SIP server
VoIP Client
Log Analyzer
MobileNetwork
iBurst UT
EVDOW01K
Kyocera R&D CenterKyocera R&D Center
Keio CampusKeio Campus
VoIP Client
IPv6 Internet
HADTCPserver
G729(20bytes per 20ms)
• traffic dump• L2 info trace
• VoIP clients are communicating via a MR
• the MR is equipped with iBurst and EV-DO
• the MR will switches from iBurst to EVDO
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RSSI History and Link Event(Make-After-Break Handover)
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Received VoIP Traffic(Make-After-Break Handover)
37s 160s
If there is no inteaction, the performance is just terribule
If there is no inteaction, the performance is just terribule
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RSSI History and Link Event(Make-After-GoinToBreak Handover)
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Received VoIP Traffic (Make-After-GoingToBreak Handover)
16.9s
L2 and L3 configuration takes looong timeL2 and L3 configuration takes looong time
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RSSI History and Link Event(Make-Before-Break Handover)
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Received VoIP Traffic (Make-Before-Break Handover)
350ms
•Predictive metho (e.g. pre-configuration) is efficient•Packet loss is still observed because of the phased bandwidth allocation algorithm
•Predictive metho (e.g. pre-configuration) is efficient•Packet loss is still observed because of the phased bandwidth allocation algorithm
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RSSI History and Link Event(Multihomed Make-Before-Break HO)
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Received VoIP Traffic (Multihomed Make-Before-Break HO)
0ms,no packet loss
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Adaptive Video Conference
Cellular
IEEE802.11b
Changing the video encoding rate dynamically
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Conclusion
Flow-oriented Handover Management + Media Independent Handover Service Successfully developed the new end-system arch
itecture that enables each application to roam seamlessly and adaptively between ubiquitously deployed networks
Future work QoS guarantee Power management
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Thank you for your listening!
Feb. 21, 2008 AsiaFI School on Mobile and Wireless Networks 32
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Key Contribution
Handover Service Defined the abstracted link layer events and commands for the persiste
nt IP path maintenance Defined the abstracted link layer events and commands for the flow migr
ation FMIPv6 related
Modified the specification on the binding management Extended FMIPv6 protocol to carry other information needed for handov
er optimization Provided the world’s first open source implementation of FMIPv6 Feedback to the spec, Interoperability tests, Demonstrations
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Key Contribution (cont.)
Flow Distribution Defined the policy language to describe user demands for t
he flow distribution Developed the policy exchange protocol among end and a
nchor nodes of communications Network Condition Adaptation
Developed a protocol to share the network condition among end and anchor nodes of communications