FDR & The Second New Deal

Anti-New DealCriticism from the left•FDR had not done enough to help poor•Government should do more to shift wealth from poor to rich

Criticism from the right•Too many regulations on businesses•Expands federal power at expense of state power•Oppose Deficit Spending=

– Negative budget,– unable to balance the budget, – adds to national debt.

•American Liberty League- Republican and Democrat opponents of NEW DEAL

Anti-New DealFather Charles Coughlin

– Catholic Priest

– Radio show w. 40 million listeners

– Heavy taxes on wealthy.

– Opposed FDR’s banking changes

– Anti-Semitism (blamed Jews for banking issues

– Catholic Church took him off the air

Francis Townsend•Townsend Plan

– Wanted $200 pension to people over 60.

– Removed elderly from labor force and frees up jobs

Anti-New Deal• Huey Long

– Governor & Senator from Louisiana

– Fiery speaker & very popular

– “Share Our Wealth” clubs started around the nation

– Assassinated in 1935

FDR Re-elected 1936• 1st time African Americans voted in favor of a

Democrat.• New Deal Coalition-

– African Americans, Immigrants, farmers, labor minorities, women

Works Progress Administration

• Purpose– Provide jobs

• 11 billion spent employ 8.5 million workers

• Two parts– Manual labor

• Built highways, schools, airports, parks

– Artists• Mural painting• Writing• Photos• Plays

Jacksonville, TXThe Riverwalk in San Antonio

Post Office in Elgin, TX

Tennessee Valley Authority Act• Purpose

– Regional Public Planning

– Electricity– Dams

• Target– Tennessee Valley

LaborWagner Act 1935•Guarantees right to organize unions without interference from employers•Created the National Labor Relations Board

– Regulates unions– investigates complaints and actions of empoyers

Fair Labor Standards Act 1936

•Created 40 hour work week

•Created minimum wage

CIO (Committee for Industrial Organization)

• Organized industrial unions or unions in a particular industry

• Targets – auto and steel industry

• GM plant in Flint, MI– Sit down strike to improve pay,

work week– Dec 30th to Feb 1st – GM agreed to recognize union

Social Security Act

• Purpose– Provide some security to

elderly and unemployed

• Three Parts– *Monthly retirement

benefit starting at 65– *Unemployment Insurance– Aid to families with

dependent children (welfare)

* Pay into plan while working so

this is not a handout

Supreme Court• 1936 the Supreme Court declared NRA and AAA

unconstitutional • FDR’s Court Packing Plan

• FDR wanted to increase the number of justices to avoid more of the New Deal being found unconstitutional

• Plan failed• Appeared as FDR wanted to interfere with separation of

powers & undermine SCOTUS’s independence• Split the Democratic Party

• Wagner Act and Social Security Act constitutional 1937

• Starting in 1937 FDR will replace 7 retired Supreme Court Justices while he is president

1937 Recession

– FDR cut spending to reduce deficit– Keynesian Economics

• In times of recession gov’t spends and goes into deficit spending to recover

– Result• FDR approves 3.75 million for WPA and

continues deficit spending

Eleanor Roosevelt

• Advocate for Women’s Rights

• Sought Equal Rights for African-Americans

• Helped draft the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Legacy• FDR expands power of federal government,

president• New Deal does not end Depression; does

reduce suffering, give hope• Federal government goes deeply into debt to

create jobs, give aid• Deficit spending has become a normal

feature of the federal government• Massive spending on equipment, supplies for

WW II end Depressionl

New Deal Poster• Pick one of Roosevelt’s

New Deal policies from your text book or chart. You will ILLUSTRATE a poster describing an FDR New Deal policy.

• Must have a picture and MAXIMUM of 5 words (not including the name of the policy).

Farm Credit Administration• Purpose

– Supply loans & refinancing for Farmers

• Target– Farmers in debt!

• Effective

Emergency Banking Relief Act• Purpose

– Declared a bank holiday March 9, 1933

– Operation of only Federal Reserve Banks

– Bank crisis over !

• Target– Banks, depositors

• Effective

Federal Deposit Insurance Corp (FDIC)

• Purpose– Encourage

people to trust banks

– Insure individual deposits in banks

• Target– Depositors

• Effective

Home Owners Loan Act• Purpose

– Lend money to refinance homes

– prevent foreclosures

• Target– Home Owners

• Effective

National Industrial Recovery Act• Purpose

– Regulate competition– Labor management

conflict – Regulate

overproduction

• Target– Industry

• Ineffective; Unconstitutional

Agriculture Adjustment Act• Purpose

– Reduction of crops to end surplus and equalize prices

• Target– Farmers

• Effective but Unconstitutional

National Labor Relations Act• Purpose

– Labor’s right to unionize

• Target– Labor

• Controversial

Federal Emergency Relief Act

• Purpose– Federal aid to

Poor

• Target– Impoverished

families

• Effective

Civilian Conservation Corp. (CCC)

• Purpose– Flood Control– Soil conservation– Forest Projects

• Target– Work for Men 18-25

• Effective