FDOT Aviation Pavement Inspection Training

FDOT Aviation Pavement Inspection Training

Module 2 – Pavement Fundamentals – Overview

Module 2 – Pavement Fundamentals – Overview

Florida Department of Transportation

Statewide PavementManagement Program

Florida Department of Transportation

Statewide PavementManagement Program

2

Purpose (of Pavements)Purpose (of Pavements)

To carry traffic:

Safely

Smoothly

Efficiently

To carry traffic:

Safely

Smoothly

Efficiently

3

Pavement TypesPavement Types

• Rigid

• Flexible

• Composite

• Rigid

• Flexible

• Composite

4

Pavement Types – Concrete SurfacedPavement Types – Concrete Surfaced

• Rigid1.Portland cement concrete

2.Stabilized or unbound subbase

3.Stabilized or natural subgrade

• Rigid1.Portland cement concrete

2.Stabilized or unbound subbase

3.Stabilized or natural subgrade

5

Pavement Types – Asphalt SurfacedPavement Types – Asphalt Surfaced

• Flexible1. Asphalt concrete

2. Base (stabilized, unbound)

3. Subbase (stabilized,unbound)

4. Subgrade (stabilized,natural)

• Composite1. Asphalt overlay

2. Rigid system

• Flexible1. Asphalt concrete

2. Base (stabilized, unbound)

3. Subbase (stabilized,unbound)

4. Subgrade (stabilized,natural)

• Composite1. Asphalt overlay

2. Rigid system

6

Pavement MaterialsPavement Materials

• Rigid – materials (Portland cement and aggregates)– Very strong, durable

– Expensive to repair

• Rigid – materials (Portland cement and aggregates)– Very strong, durable

– Expensive to repair

7

Pavement Structural BehaviorPavement Structural Behavior

• Rigid• Rigid

8

Pavement MaterialsPavement Materials

• Flexible – materials (asphalt cement and aggregates)– Strength affected by temperature

– Relatively easy to repair

• Flexible – materials (asphalt cement and aggregates)– Strength affected by temperature

– Relatively easy to repair

9

Pavement Structural BehaviorPavement Structural Behavior

• Flexible• Flexible

10

What is Performance/Failure?What is Performance/Failure?

• General Categories of Distress:– cracking, distortion, disintegration, loss of skid resistance

• Causes– Environment:

• Swell, blowups (Non-Load, including drainage and environmental effects)

– Load (too much traffic or weak structure (or both))• Alligator, corner breaks, joint spalls

– Construction/materials related• Bleeding, crazing/map cracking

• General Categories of Distress:– cracking, distortion, disintegration, loss of skid resistance

• Causes– Environment:

• Swell, blowups (Non-Load, including drainage and environmental effects)

– Load (too much traffic or weak structure (or both))• Alligator, corner breaks, joint spalls

– Construction/materials related• Bleeding, crazing/map cracking

11

Drainage, Subgrade and Base FailureDrainage, Subgrade and Base Failure

Potholes &Heaving

Potholes &Heaving

Weathering &Surface Deterioration

Weathering &Surface Deterioration

Why and How Pavements FailWhy and How Pavements Fail

12

Load Associated Failures Cracking, Alligatoring, Rutting

Load Associated Failures Cracking, Alligatoring, Rutting

Why and How Pavements FailWhy and How Pavements Fail

13

Pavement Preservation ConceptsPavement Preservation Concepts

• Right treatment, Right pavement, Right time

• Includes maintenance, rehabilitation and reconstruction

• Built upon a Pavement Management System

• Right treatment, Right pavement, Right time

• Includes maintenance, rehabilitation and reconstruction

• Built upon a Pavement Management System

14

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Time

Pav

emen

t C

on

dit

ion

Pav

emen

t C

on

dit

ion Optimal timing for rehabilitationOptimal timing for rehabilitation

Pavement Management….Pavement Management….GoodGood

SatisfactorySatisfactory

FairFair

PoorPoor

Very PoorVery Poor

FailedFailed

SeriousSerious

15

Pavement Management What & Why?Pavement Management What & Why?

• Decision support tool

• Identifies sections needing treatment

• Allows cost-effective prioritization and allocation of resources

• Decision support tool

• Identifies sections needing treatment

• Allows cost-effective prioritization and allocation of resources

16

Pavement Management Why?Pavement Management Why?

• Planning

• performance prediction

• prioritization

• budgeting

• Maintenance

• identify repair needs

• track effectiveness of repairs

• Planning

• performance prediction

• prioritization

• budgeting

• Maintenance

• identify repair needs

• track effectiveness of repairs

17

Elements of a Pavement Management System (PMS)

Elements of a Pavement Management System (PMS)

• Database – inventory,

– condition,

– traffic,

– maintenance and rehab (M&R)

• history, cost

• Analysis & Reporting tools

• Database – inventory,

– condition,

– traffic,

– maintenance and rehab (M&R)

• history, cost

• Analysis & Reporting tools

18

Factors Indicative of Pavement Condition

Factors Indicative of Pavement Condition

• Visible: surface distress, smoothness, friction

• Non-Visible: load response, material strength, environmental effects on materials; load-related damage

• Visible: surface distress, smoothness, friction

• Non-Visible: load response, material strength, environmental effects on materials; load-related damage

19

Measures of Pavement ConditionMeasures of Pavement Condition

• Visual condition survey; drainage and shoulder survey

• Ride quality (smoothness/roughness) measurement

• Safety (skid/friction measurement)

• Structural capacity – surface deflection measurement

• Visual condition survey; drainage and shoulder survey

• Ride quality (smoothness/roughness) measurement

• Safety (skid/friction measurement)

• Structural capacity – surface deflection measurement

FDOT PMS uses visual condition surveyFDOT PMS uses visual condition survey

20

PCI for Airports PCI for Airports

• ASTM Standard D-5340-04

• 16 years of refinement before selection– USACE ’70’s

– FAA

• Accepted as an ASTM Standard Practice

• ASTM Standard D-5340-04

• 16 years of refinement before selection– USACE ’70’s

– FAA

• Accepted as an ASTM Standard Practice

21

Components of the Standard Components of the Standard

• Distress definitions

• Deduct curves

• PCI Calculation Procedure

• Distress definitions

• Deduct curves

• PCI Calculation Procedure

22

PCI Procedure PCI Procedure

• Inspect sample unitsInspect sample units– Determine deduct valuesDetermine deduct values

– Determine allowable number of deducts (m)Determine allowable number of deducts (m)

– Compute the total deduct value (TDV)Compute the total deduct value (TDV)

– Perform the correction for multiple distresses (if necessary)Perform the correction for multiple distresses (if necessary)

– Compute the PCI for each sample unit (S.U.)Compute the PCI for each sample unit (S.U.)

– Calculate area-weighted average the S.U. PCI’s for the sectionCalculate area-weighted average the S.U. PCI’s for the section

• Send to FDOT for entry and PCI calculationSend to FDOT for entry and PCI calculation

• Inspect sample unitsInspect sample units– Determine deduct valuesDetermine deduct values

– Determine allowable number of deducts (m)Determine allowable number of deducts (m)

– Compute the total deduct value (TDV)Compute the total deduct value (TDV)

– Perform the correction for multiple distresses (if necessary)Perform the correction for multiple distresses (if necessary)

– Compute the PCI for each sample unit (S.U.)Compute the PCI for each sample unit (S.U.)

– Calculate area-weighted average the S.U. PCI’s for the sectionCalculate area-weighted average the S.U. PCI’s for the section

• Send to FDOT for entry and PCI calculationSend to FDOT for entry and PCI calculation

23

FDOT InspectionsFDOT Inspections

• Locate SU for inspection – use Network Definition drawing– Wheel and paint to identify

• Locate centroid of SU – Obtain and record GPS coordinates

• Perform distress data collection using PDA (handheld) or PenTablet (paper forms always for backup)

No need for curves or calculations – all computerized

• Locate SU for inspection – use Network Definition drawing– Wheel and paint to identify

• Locate centroid of SU – Obtain and record GPS coordinates

• Perform distress data collection using PDA (handheld) or PenTablet (paper forms always for backup)

No need for curves or calculations – all computerized

24

Network Definition Drawing

25

26

Network Definition Drawing - DetailNetwork Definition Drawing - Detail

27

Locate A Specific Sample UnitLocate A Specific Sample Unit

• Where is 6105 106 ?– Measure 300 feet from RW end to SU 106

• Mark corners of “begin” end of SU

• Measure forward 50 ft to end of SU

• Mark Corners of end of SU

• Where is 6105 106 ?– Measure 300 feet from RW end to SU 106

• Mark corners of “begin” end of SU

• Measure forward 50 ft to end of SU

• Mark Corners of end of SU

106106

Section 6105:Samples are 50 ft long106 is 6 Samples from endMeasure forward 300 ft to begin 106

Start

28

What is a Centroid?What is a Centroid?D

irec

tio

n o

f S

urv

ey

GPS this spotGPS this spot

SU 101

SU 102

SU 100

29

What is a Centroid?What is a Centroid?

½

Dir

ecti

on

of

Su

rvey

GPS this spotGPS this spot

SU 101

SU 102

SU 100

½

½ ½

30

Paper FormsPaper Forms

CRG 6105CRG 6105 CRGCRG9/9/079/9/07

100100 12001200

106106 50005000

RWRW

31

Paper FormsPaper Forms

21002100

100100

JAX 6100JAX 6100 JAXJAX1/10/071/10/07

1515 2020

2020

150150 42004200RWRW

32

Field Maps and GISField Maps and GIS

• Use network definition drawings to locate sample units

• Record undocumented new construction

• Modifications to the proposed sampling plan and additional sample units.– If pavement abandoned do not survey

– If new pavement record dimensions, surface type and survey during this inspection

• Use of Geographic Information System and the global positioning system (GPS) to assist in locating sample units (always have wheel for backup)

• Use network definition drawings to locate sample units

• Record undocumented new construction

• Modifications to the proposed sampling plan and additional sample units.– If pavement abandoned do not survey

– If new pavement record dimensions, surface type and survey during this inspection

• Use of Geographic Information System and the global positioning system (GPS) to assist in locating sample units (always have wheel for backup)

33

Safety Considerations During Pavement Inspections

Safety Considerations During Pavement Inspections

Safety requirements for personnel conducting airside pavement inspections

1. Notify airfield prior to arrival

2. Check in on arrival

3. Ask about local communication and operations issues: UNICOM radio

4. Never one-person survey(make sure someone is aware you are on the field and they are watching you)

Safety requirements for personnel conducting airside pavement inspections

1. Notify airfield prior to arrival

2. Check in on arrival

3. Ask about local communication and operations issues: UNICOM radio

4. Never one-person survey(make sure someone is aware you are on the field and they are watching you)

34

Data Quality – Accuracy and Consistency

Data Quality – Accuracy and Consistency

How to maintain quality, accuracy and consistency of field inspections?

1.Training

2.Planning

3.Always have the field manual

4.Resurvey and compare every day – 2-3 SU for each person/crew

How to maintain quality, accuracy and consistency of field inspections?

1.Training

2.Planning

3.Always have the field manual

4.Resurvey and compare every day – 2-3 SU for each person/crew

35

Review / Questions?Review / Questions?