fc12 the indus river civilization & pattern of indian history aryans (fc.50) pattern of rise of...
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FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY
Aryans (FC.50)
Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6)
Extremely complex & varied culture that at once absorbs new peoples yet keeps them distinct
Slows conquests by & absorption of new people
Less faith in this life
More concern w/religion
India very difficult to conquer
Hot humid climate Tropical diseases
India a huge sub-continent cut into distinct regions
India cut off by huge mts., but w/some passes
Position on Arabian Sea & Indian Ocean attracts new
people & ideas
Indian gems, spices and
cotton attract new people &
ideas
Greeks (FC.51)
Muslims (FC.52)
British (FC.123)
Indus R. Civ. w/highly org. centers at Mohenjo Daro & Harappa characterized by:
Trade with & cultural influence from Mesopot.
Standard weights & measures for trade
Urban planning in rectangular grids
Sewers to drain water & wastes
Not clear if there was 1 cent. gov. or indep. cities
Several possible reasons for decline:
Deforestation Drier & hotter climate
Indus River changed course
Too much irrig. Salinized soil
Monsoons shifted Left Indus Civ. arid
Warlike Aryans from NW w/horse & chariot take over (c.1500 B.C.E.)
PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY
PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY
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FC.50 THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN CIVILIZATION (c.1500-500B.C.E.)
Despite political & social disunity, India unified by religious ideas Unique culture flourishes under Maurya & Gupta dynasties
(FC.51)
Fall of Indus River civilization (FC.12)
Center of power shifts from more sparsely populated Indus R. in W. to heavily populated Ganges R. in E.
Aryan culture characterized by:
Powerful priesthood
Polytheistic religion
Patriarchal warlike society
Probable survival &
influence of pre-Aryan culture & religion (FC.12)
Aryan culture characterized by:
Powerful kings to supervise
irrigation
Large middle class from
trade
Large popul. from rice
agric.
Indian society rigidly set into castes with Aryans in top three
castes, justified by karma & made acceptable by
reincarnation & hope of better life to come
More complex soc. Aryans concerned ~status vs non-Aryans
Newcomers put into new castes that both assimilated them into
Indian society & kept them separate from each other
Introduction of coinage from Persia
Renewal of sea trade w/middle
East
Use of iron which can cut through rain
forests
Rice agric. which can
support large populations
Ancient Sanskrit in Vedas
increasingly hard to interpret over
time
Ind. mystics reject rigid rituals & old interpretations of the gods,
& instead strive for spiritual enlight. & union w/the one
pervading spirit of the universe: Brahman
Only Aryan priests (Brahmins) can read & interpret them
Opens way for more philosoph. speculation Buddhism &
Jainism which break totally from Brahmins’ authority
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AFC.51 INDIA FROM THE MAURYAS TO THE GUPTAS (C.325 B.C.E.-711 C.E.)
After Guptas fall, Hinduism faces new challenge from Islam (FC.52)
Chandragupta Maurya (319-298 BCE.) founds emp. in N. Ind.
Roads & irrig. projects prosp.
Big army, Cent. gov. & spies
Asoka (269-232 B.C.E.) rules w/Buddhist idea of non-violence:Sent out Budd. missionaries
Public works to help his subjects
Ind’s geog. Disunity (FC.12)
Ind. unified by philos. (FC.50)
Non-violence weakens army Mauryans fall (c.185 B.C.E)
Grks rule NW India
Kushan Kgd in N. Ind. (78-c.300 C.E.) Trade
w/Rome & China Use
Chin. titles
Greek infl. in
art
For. infl.Split in BuddhismHinyana: Each person must earn nirvana
Mahayana: Buddha helps
save us
Gupta Dyn. (319-c.500) rules N. Ind. Golden age of Ind. civ.
Math: pi, decimal system & zero
Literature, arch., art & astron,
Hindu Brahmans win converts in countryside w/ ideas of:
All gods as part of Brahma
Dharma, karma, & reincarnation
Hinduism becomes dominant relig. in India while Buddhism spreads across E & SE Asia
Indian civ. spread to SE Asia by trade
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FC.52 THE COMING OF ISLAM TO INDIA (711-c.1700 C.E.)
Islam the dominant religion in Central Asia north of India
New waves of Muslims invade from NW Are gradually absorbed by Ind. Civ. Until:
Arabs conquer NW India & rule fairly despite differences w/Hindus:
Egalitarian Muslim soc vs.Hindu castes
Islam’s monotheism vs. Hindu Polytheism
Arabs stopped by Hindu Rajputs:Claim descent
from HunsFight ritualized wars Chess
Arabs defeat Chinese army at Talas R. in 751 (FC.46
Some Muslim castes Some intermarriage
Mughal Dyn. (1526-c.1700) rules most of India w/wise policies
Use Hindu rajputs as allies & officials
Religious tolerance & intermarriage
Further blending of cultures:Art, architecture,
& musicPersian + Ind. Lang’s Urdu
Muslim Turkic invaders Sultanate of Dehli (1206-c.1500)
Cultures slowly blendMystical branch of
Islam (Sufism)Some lower castes
convert to Islam
Aurangzeb’s expensive wars & persecution of Hindus Emp’s declline British take over India (FC.123)
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GEOGRAPHY QUIZBOWL!
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River?Indus R. Ganges R.
Ocean?
Indian Ocean
Deccan
W. Ghats
E. Ghats
Sri Lanka
ChinaRiver? Country?
Plateau?
Mts?
Sea?
Arabian Sea
Mts? Island?
Bay of Bengal
Bay?
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THE ARYANS & THE DEVELOPMENT OF
INDIAN CIVILIZATION
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1) Major written source of info at this time?
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1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
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1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE?
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1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
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1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth?
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1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth? Cattle
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1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth? Cattle
ECT: What was soma?
![Page 15: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth? Cattle
ECT: What was soma? Drug used in religious rituals
![Page 16: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth? Cattle
ECT: What was soma? Drug used in religious rituals
ECT: What was ghee?
![Page 17: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth? Cattle
ECT: What was soma? Drug used in religious rituals
ECT: What was ghee? Clarified butter used in sacrifices
![Page 18: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth? Cattle
ECT: What was soma? Drug used in religious rituals
ECT: What was ghee? Clarified butter used in sacrifices
ECT: What was a horse sacrifice?
![Page 19: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth? Cattle
ECT: What was soma? Drug used in religious rituals
ECT: What was ghee? Clarified butter used in sacrifices
ECT: What was a horse sacrifice? Let white stallion wander for a year, claiming all land it crossed-> Then sacrifice it
![Page 20: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth? Cattle
ECT: What was soma? Drug used in religious rituals
ECT: What was ghee? Clarified butter used in sacrifices
ECT: What was a horse sacrifice? Let white stallion wander for a year, claiming all land it crossed-> Then sacrifice it
4) Who or what were Brahmins?
![Page 21: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth? Cattle
ECT: What was soma? Drug used in religious rituals
ECT: What was ghee? Clarified butter used in sacrifices
ECT: What was a horse sacrifice? Let white stallion wander for a year, claiming all land it crossed-> Then sacrifice it
4) Who or what were Brahmins? Aryan priest class
![Page 22: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth? Cattle
ECT: What was soma? Drug used in religious rituals
ECT: What was ghee? Clarified butter used in sacrifices
ECT: What was a horse sacrifice? Let white stallion wander for a year, claiming all land it crossed-> Then sacrifice it
4) Who or what were Brahmins? Aryan priest class
5) What were the 3 main groups of gods?
![Page 23: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth? Cattle
ECT: What was soma? Drug used in religious rituals
ECT: What was ghee? Clarified butter used in sacrifices
ECT: What was a horse sacrifice? Let white stallion wander for a year, claiming all land it crossed-> Then sacrifice it
4) Who or what were Brahmins? Aryan priest class
5) What were the 3 main groups of gods? Heaven, earth, & sky
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1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth? Cattle
ECT: What was soma? Drug used in religious rituals
ECT: What was ghee? Clarified butter used in sacrifices
ECT: What was a horse sacrifice? Let white stallion wander for a year, claiming all land it crossed-> Then sacrifice it
4) Who or what were Brahmins? Aryan priest class
5) What were the 3 main groups of gods? Heaven, earth, & sky
6) Who was Indra?
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1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth? Cattle
ECT: What was soma? Drug used in religious rituals
ECT: What was ghee? Clarified butter used in sacrifices
ECT: What was a horse sacrifice? Let white stallion wander for a year, claiming all land it crossed-> Then sacrifice it
4) Who or what were Brahmins? Aryan priest class
5) What were the 3 main groups of gods? Heaven, earth, & sky
6) Who was Indra? Most popular god of early Aryans
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1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth? Cattle
ECT: What was soma? Drug used in religious rituals
ECT: What was ghee? Clarified butter used in sacrifices
ECT: What was a horse sacrifice? Let white stallion wander for a year, claiming all land it crossed-> Then sacrifice it
4) Who or what were Brahmins? Aryan priest class
5) What were the 3 main groups of gods? Heaven, earth, & sky
6) Who was Indra? Most popular god of early Aryans
7) What was Magadha?
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1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth? Cattle
ECT: What was soma? Drug used in religious rituals
ECT: What was ghee? Clarified butter used in sacrifices
ECT: What was a horse sacrifice? Let white stallion wander for a year, claiming all land it crossed-> Then sacrifice it
4) Who or what were Brahmins? Aryan priest class
5) What were the 3 main groups of gods? Heaven, earth, & sky
6) Who was Indra? Most popular god of early Aryans
7) What was Magadha? Powerful Indian state in Ganges valley
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1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth? Cattle
ECT: What was soma? Drug used in religious rituals
ECT: What was ghee? Clarified butter used in sacrifices
ECT: What was a horse sacrifice? Let white stallion wander for a year, claiming all land it crossed-> Then sacrifice it
4) Who or what were Brahmins? Aryan priest class
5) What were the 3 main groups of gods? Heaven, earth, & sky
6) Who was Indra? Most popular god of early Aryans
7) What was Magadha? Powerful Indian state in Ganges valley
ECT: What was Pataliputra?
![Page 29: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth? Cattle
ECT: What was soma? Drug used in religious rituals
ECT: What was ghee? Clarified butter used in sacrifices
ECT: What was a horse sacrifice? Let white stallion wander for a year, claiming all land it crossed-> Then sacrifice it
4) Who or what were Brahmins? Aryan priest class
5) What were the 3 main groups of gods? Heaven, earth, & sky
6) Who was Indra? Most popular god of early Aryans
7) What was Magadha? Powerful Indian state in Ganges valley
ECT: What was Pataliputra? Capital of Magadha
![Page 30: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth? Cattle
ECT: What was soma? Drug used in religious rituals
ECT: What was ghee? Clarified butter used in sacrifices
ECT: What was a horse sacrifice? Let white stallion wander for a year, claiming all land it crossed-> Then sacrifice it
4) Who or what were Brahmins? Aryan priest class
5) What were the 3 main groups of gods? Heaven, earth, & sky
6) Who was Indra? Most popular god of early Aryans
7) What was Magadha? Powerful Indian state in Ganges valley
ECT: What was Pataliputra? Capital of Magadha
8) Trinity of gods in Hinduism?
![Page 31: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth? Cattle
ECT: What was soma? Drug used in religious rituals
ECT: What was ghee? Clarified butter used in sacrifices
ECT: What was a horse sacrifice? Let white stallion wander for a year, claiming all land it crossed-> Then sacrifice it
4) Who or what were Brahmins? Aryan priest class
5) What were the 3 main groups of gods? Heaven, earth, & sky
6) Who was Indra? Most popular god of early Aryans
7) What was Magadha? Powerful Indian state in Ganges valley
ECT: What was Pataliputra? Capital of Magadha
8) Trinity of gods in Hinduism? Brahman, Vishnu, & Shiva
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1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth? Cattle
ECT: What was soma? Drug used in religious rituals
ECT: What was ghee? Clarified butter used in sacrifices
ECT: What was a horse sacrifice? Let white stallion wander for a year, claiming all land it crossed-> Then sacrifice it
4) Who or what were Brahmins? Aryan priest class
5) What were the 3 main groups of gods? Heaven, earth, & sky
6) Who was Indra? Most popular god of early Aryans
7) What was Magadha? Powerful Indian state in Ganges valley
ECT: What was Pataliputra? Capital of Magadha
8) Trinity of gods in Hinduism? Brahman, Vishnu, & Shiva
9) Who was Brahman?
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1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth? Cattle
ECT: What was soma? Drug used in religious rituals
ECT: What was ghee? Clarified butter used in sacrifices
ECT: What was a horse sacrifice? Let white stallion wander for a year, claiming all land it crossed-> Then sacrifice it
4) Who or what were Brahmins? Aryan priest class
5) What were the 3 main groups of gods? Heaven, earth, & sky
6) Who was Indra? Most popular god of early Aryans
7) What was Magadha? Powerful Indian state in Ganges valley
ECT: What was Pataliputra? Capital of Magadha
8) Trinity of gods in Hinduism? Brahman, Vishnu, & Shiva
9) Who was Brahman? God of creation
![Page 34: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth? Cattle
ECT: What was soma? Drug used in religious rituals
ECT: What was ghee? Clarified butter used in sacrifices
ECT: What was a horse sacrifice? Let white stallion wander for a year, claiming all land it crossed-> Then sacrifice it
4) Who or what were Brahmins? Aryan priest class
5) What were the 3 main groups of gods? Heaven, earth, & sky
6) Who was Indra? Most popular god of early Aryans
7) What was Magadha? Powerful Indian state in Ganges valley
ECT: What was Pataliputra? Capital of Magadha
8) Trinity of gods in Hinduism? Brahman, Vishnu, & Shiva
9) Who was Brahman? God of creation
10) Who was Shiva?
![Page 35: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth? Cattle
ECT: What was soma? Drug used in religious rituals
ECT: What was ghee? Clarified butter used in sacrifices
ECT: What was a horse sacrifice? Let white stallion wander for a year, claiming all land it crossed-> Then sacrifice it
4) Who or what were Brahmins? Aryan priest class
5) What were the 3 main groups of gods? Heaven, earth, & sky
6) Who was Indra? Most popular god of early Aryans
7) What was Magadha? Powerful Indian state in Ganges valley
ECT: What was Pataliputra? Capital of Magadha
8) Trinity of gods in Hinduism? Brahman, Vishnu, & Shiva
9) Who was Brahman? God of creation
10) Who was Shiva? God of destruction
![Page 36: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth? Cattle
ECT: What was soma? Drug used in religious rituals
ECT: What was ghee? Clarified butter used in sacrifices
ECT: What was a horse sacrifice? Let white stallion wander for a year, claiming all land it crossed-> Then sacrifice it
4) Who or what were Brahmins? Aryan priest class
5) What were the 3 main groups of gods? Heaven, earth, & sky
6) Who was Indra? Most popular god of early Aryans
7) What was Magadha? Powerful Indian state in Ganges valley
ECT: What was Pataliputra? Capital of Magadha
8) Trinity of gods in Hinduism? Brahman, Vishnu, & Shiva
9) Who was Brahman? God of creation
10) Who was Shiva? God of destruction
11) Who was Vishnu?
![Page 37: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth? Cattle
ECT: What was soma? Drug used in religious rituals
ECT: What was ghee? Clarified butter used in sacrifices
ECT: What was a horse sacrifice? Let white stallion wander for a year, claiming all land it crossed-> Then sacrifice it
4) Who or what were Brahmins? Aryan priest class
5) What were the 3 main groups of gods? Heaven, earth, & sky
6) Who was Indra? Most popular god of early Aryans
7) What was Magadha? Powerful Indian state in Ganges valley
ECT: What was Pataliputra? Capital of Magadha
8) Trinity of gods in Hinduism? Brahman, Vishnu, & Shiva
9) Who was Brahman? God of creation
10) Who was Shiva? God of destruction
11) Who was Vishnu? God of preservation who sends avatars to save us in bad times
![Page 38: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth? Cattle
ECT: What was soma? Drug used in religious rituals
ECT: What was ghee? Clarified butter used in sacrifices
ECT: What was a horse sacrifice? Let white stallion wander for a year, claiming all land it crossed-> Then sacrifice it
4) Who or what were Brahmins? Aryan priest class
5) What were the 3 main groups of gods? Heaven, earth, & sky
6) Who was Indra? Most popular god of early Aryans
7) What was Magadha? Powerful Indian state in Ganges valley
ECT: What was Pataliputra? Capital of Magadha
8) Trinity of gods in Hinduism? Brahman, Vishnu, & Shiva
9) Who was Brahman? God of creation
10) Who was Shiva? God of destruction
11) Who was Vishnu? God of preservation who sends avatars to save us in bad times
ECT: How do you recognize Vishnu’s avatars in Indian art?
![Page 39: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth? Cattle
ECT: What was soma? Drug used in religious rituals
ECT: What was ghee? Clarified butter used in sacrifices
ECT: What was a horse sacrifice? Let white stallion wander for a year, claiming all land it crossed-> Then sacrifice it
4) Who or what were Brahmins? Aryan priest class
5) What were the 3 main groups of gods? Heaven, earth, & sky
6) Who was Indra? Most popular god of early Aryans
7) What was Magadha? Powerful Indian state in Ganges valley
ECT: What was Pataliputra? Capital of Magadha
8) Trinity of gods in Hinduism? Brahman, Vishnu, & Shiva
9) Who was Brahman? God of creation
10) Who was Shiva? God of destruction
11) Who was Vishnu? God of preservation who sends avatars to save us in bad times
ECT: How do you recognize Vishnu’s avatars in Indian art? Blue
![Page 40: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth? Cattle
ECT: What was soma? Drug used in religious rituals
ECT: What was ghee? Clarified butter used in sacrifices
ECT: What was a horse sacrifice? Let white stallion wander for a year, claiming all land it crossed-> Then sacrifice it
4) Who or what were Brahmins? Aryan priest class
5) What were the 3 main groups of gods? Heaven, earth, & sky
6) Who was Indra? Most popular god of early Aryans
7) What was Magadha? Powerful Indian state in Ganges valley
ECT: What was Pataliputra? Capital of Magadha
8) Trinity of gods in Hinduism? Brahman, Vishnu, & Shiva
9) Who was Brahman? God of creation
10) Who was Shiva? God of destruction
11) Who was Vishnu? God of preservation who sends avatars to save us in bad times
ECT: How do you recognize Vishnu’s avatars in Indian art? Blue
12) How did the increasing obscurity of Sanskrit affect the brahmins' status?
![Page 41: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
1) Major written source of info at this time? 4 vedas
2) Who were the Aryans associated with till c.2000 BCE? Persians
3) Aryans’ major form of wealth? Cattle
ECT: What was soma? Drug used in religious rituals
ECT: What was ghee? Clarified butter used in sacrifices
ECT: What was a horse sacrifice? Let white stallion wander for a year, claiming all land it crossed-> Then sacrifice it
4) Who or what were Brahmins? Aryan priest class
5) What were the 3 main groups of gods? Heaven, earth, & sky
6) Who was Indra? Most popular god of early Aryans
7) What was Magadha? Powerful Indian state in Ganges valley
ECT: What was Pataliputra? Capital of Magadha
8) Trinity of gods in Hinduism? Brahman, Vishnu, & Shiva
9) Who was Brahman? God of creation
10) Who was Shiva? God of destruction
11) Who was Vishnu? God of preservation who sends avatars to save us in bad times
ECT: How do you recognize Vishnu’s avatars in Indian art? Blue
12) How did the increasing obscurity of Sanskrit affect the brahmins' status? It rose since they were the only ones who understood Vedas & how to do sacrifices
![Page 42: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
14) The four main castes & parts of the body they represented?
![Page 43: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
14) The four main castes & parts of the body they represented? Brahmins (priests, mouth), Kshatriyas (nobles, shoulders), Vaisyas (MC & workers, thighs), Sudras (non-Aryans, feet)
![Page 44: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
14) The four main castes & parts of the body they represented? Brahmins (priests, mouth), Kshatriyas (nobles, shoulders), Vaisyas (MC & workers, thighs), Sudras (non-Aryans, feet)
15) Justification for caste?
![Page 45: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
14) The four main castes & parts of the body they represented? Brahmins (priests, mouth), Kshatriyas (nobles, shoulders), Vaisyas (MC & workers, thighs), Sudras (non-Aryans, feet)
15) Justification for caste? Past Karma
![Page 46: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
14) The four main castes & parts of the body they represented? Brahmins (priests, mouth), Kshatriyas (nobles, shoulders), Vaisyas (MC & workers, thighs), Sudras (non-Aryans, feet)
15) Justification for caste? Past Karma
ECT: What were Brahmanas?
![Page 47: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
14) The four main castes & parts of the body they represented? Brahmins (priests, mouth), Kshatriyas (nobles, shoulders), Vaisyas (MC & workers, thighs), Sudras (non-Aryans, feet)
15) Justification for caste? Past Karma
ECT: What were Brahmanas? Commentaries by Brahmans playing down role of gods
![Page 48: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
14) The four main castes & parts of the body they represented? Brahmins (priests, mouth), Kshatriyas (nobles, shoulders), Vaisyas (MC & workers, thighs), Sudras (non-Aryans, feet)
15) Justification for caste? Past Karma
ECT: What were Brahmanas? Commentaries by Brahmans playing down role of gods
ECT: What were the Upanishads?
![Page 49: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
14) The four main castes & parts of the body they represented? Brahmins (priests, mouth), Kshatriyas (nobles, shoulders), Vaisyas (MC & workers, thighs), Sudras (non-Aryans, feet)
15) Justification for caste? Past Karma
ECT: What were Brahmanas? Commentaries by Brahmans playing down role of gods
ECT: What were the Upanishads? Commentaries by hermits that emphasized mystical & personal relig. experience
![Page 50: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
14) The four main castes & parts of the body they represented? Brahmins (priests, mouth), Kshatriyas (nobles, shoulders), Vaisyas (MC & workers, thighs), Sudras (non-Aryans, feet)
15) Justification for caste? Past Karma
ECT: What were Brahmanas? Commentaries by Brahmans playing down role of gods
ECT: What were the Upanishads? Commentaries by hermits that emphasized mystical & personal relig. experience
16) What is monism?
![Page 51: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
14) The four main castes & parts of the body they represented? Brahmins (priests, mouth), Kshatriyas (nobles, shoulders), Vaisyas (MC & workers, thighs), Sudras (non-Aryans, feet)
15) Justification for caste? Past Karma
ECT: What were Brahmanas? Commentaries by Brahmans playing down role of gods
ECT: What were the Upanishads? Commentaries by hermits that emphasized mystical & personal relig. experience
16) What is monism? Polytheistic relig. seeing all gods as aspects of 1 god, Brahma
![Page 52: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
14) The four main castes & parts of the body they represented? Brahmins (priests, mouth), Kshatriyas (nobles, shoulders), Vaisyas (MC & workers, thighs), Sudras (non-Aryans, feet)
15) Justification for caste? Past Karma
ECT: What were Brahmanas? Commentaries by Brahmans playing down role of gods
ECT: What were the Upanishads? Commentaries by hermits that emphasized mystical & personal relig. experience
16) What is monism? Polytheistic relig. seeing all gods as aspects of 1 god, Brahma
17) What is dharma?
![Page 53: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
14) The four main castes & parts of the body they represented? Brahmins (priests, mouth), Kshatriyas (nobles, shoulders), Vaisyas (MC & workers, thighs), Sudras (non-Aryans, feet)
15) Justification for caste? Past Karma
ECT: What were Brahmanas? Commentaries by Brahmans playing down role of gods
ECT: What were the Upanishads? Commentaries by hermits that emphasized mystical & personal relig. experience
16) What is monism? Polytheistic relig. seeing all gods as aspects of 1 god, Brahma
17) What is dharma? Our duty according to our station in this life
![Page 54: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
14) The four main castes & parts of the body they represented? Brahmins (priests, mouth), Kshatriyas (nobles, shoulders), Vaisyas (MC & workers, thighs), Sudras (non-Aryans, feet)
15) Justification for caste? Past Karma
ECT: What were Brahmanas? Commentaries by Brahmans playing down role of gods
ECT: What were the Upanishads? Commentaries by hermits that emphasized mystical & personal relig. experience
16) What is monism? Polytheistic relig. seeing all gods as aspects of 1 god, Brahma
17) What is dharma? Our duty according to our station in this life
18) What is karma?
![Page 55: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
14) The four main castes & parts of the body they represented? Brahmins (priests, mouth), Kshatriyas (nobles, shoulders), Vaisyas (MC & workers, thighs), Sudras (non-Aryans, feet)
15) Justification for caste? Past Karma
ECT: What were Brahmanas? Commentaries by Brahmans playing down role of gods
ECT: What were the Upanishads? Commentaries by hermits that emphasized mystical & personal relig. experience
16) What is monism? Polytheistic relig. seeing all gods as aspects of 1 god, Brahma
17) What is dharma? Our duty according to our station in this life
18) What is karma? Sum of our good & bad deeds according to our dharma
![Page 56: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
14) The four main castes & parts of the body they represented? Brahmins (priests, mouth), Kshatriyas (nobles, shoulders), Vaisyas (MC & workers, thighs), Sudras (non-Aryans, feet)
15) Justification for caste? Past Karma
ECT: What were Brahmanas? Commentaries by Brahmans playing down role of gods
ECT: What were the Upanishads? Commentaries by hermits that emphasized mystical & personal relig. experience
16) What is monism? Polytheistic relig. seeing all gods as aspects of 1 god, Brahma
17) What is dharma? Our duty according to our station in this life
18) What is karma? Sum of our good & bad deeds according to our dharma
19) Basic life of Siddhartha?
![Page 57: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
14) The four main castes & parts of the body they represented? Brahmins (priests, mouth), Kshatriyas (nobles, shoulders), Vaisyas (MC & workers, thighs), Sudras (non-Aryans, feet)
15) Justification for caste? Past Karma
ECT: What were Brahmanas? Commentaries by Brahmans playing down role of gods
ECT: What were the Upanishads? Commentaries by hermits that emphasized mystical & personal relig. experience
16) What is monism? Polytheistic relig. seeing all gods as aspects of 1 god, Brahma
17) What is dharma? Our duty according to our station in this life
18) What is karma? Sum of our good & bad deeds according to our dharma
19) Basic life of Siddhartha? Prince protected from miseries of the world to keep him from pursuing relig. Life-> When he saw suffering, he became a hermit-> Still didn’t find enlightenment-> Found enlightenment while meditating beneath bodhi tree.
![Page 58: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
14) The four main castes & parts of the body they represented? Brahmins (priests, mouth), Kshatriyas (nobles, shoulders), Vaisyas (MC & workers, thighs), Sudras (non-Aryans, feet)
15) Justification for caste? Past Karma
ECT: What were Brahmanas? Commentaries by Brahmans playing down role of gods
ECT: What were the Upanishads? Commentaries by hermits that emphasized mystical & personal relig. experience
16) What is monism? Polytheistic relig. seeing all gods as aspects of 1 god, Brahma
17) What is dharma? Our duty according to our station in this life
18) What is karma? Sum of our good & bad deeds according to our dharma
19) Basic life of Siddhartha? Prince protected from miseries of the world to keep him from pursuing relig. Life-> When he saw suffering, he became a hermit-> Still didn’t find enlightenment-> Found enlightenment while meditating beneath bodhi tree.
20) Four noble truths?
![Page 59: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
14) The four main castes & parts of the body they represented? Brahmins (priests, mouth), Kshatriyas (nobles, shoulders), Vaisyas (MC & workers, thighs), Sudras (non-Aryans, feet)
15) Justification for caste? Past Karma
ECT: What were Brahmanas? Commentaries by Brahmans playing down role of gods
ECT: What were the Upanishads? Commentaries by hermits that emphasized mystical & personal relig. experience
16) What is monism? Polytheistic relig. seeing all gods as aspects of 1 god, Brahma
17) What is dharma? Our duty according to our station in this life
18) What is karma? Sum of our good & bad deeds according to our dharma
19) Basic life of Siddhartha? Prince protected from miseries of the world to keep him from pursuing relig. Life-> When he saw suffering, he became a hermit-> Still didn’t find enlightenment-> Found enlightenment while meditating beneath bodhi tree.
20) Four noble truths? 1) Life is sorrow 2) Sorrow arises from craving
3) To stop sorrow one must stopping of craving.4) A noble eightfold path exists to stop sorrow
![Page 60: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
14) The four main castes & parts of the body they represented? Brahmins (priests, mouth), Kshatriyas (nobles, shoulders), Vaisyas (MC & workers, thighs), Sudras (non-Aryans, feet)
15) Justification for caste? Past Karma
ECT: What were Brahmanas? Commentaries by Brahmans playing down role of gods
ECT: What were the Upanishads? Commentaries by hermits that emphasized mystical & personal relig. experience
16) What is monism? Polytheistic relig. seeing all gods as aspects of 1 god, Brahma
17) What is dharma? Our duty according to our station in this life
18) What is karma? Sum of our good & bad deeds according to our dharma
19) Basic life of Siddhartha? Prince protected from miseries of the world to keep him from pursuing relig. Life-> When he saw suffering, he became a hermit-> Still didn’t find enlightenment-> Found enlightenment while meditating beneath bodhi tree.
20) Four noble truths? 1) Life is sorrow 2) Sorrow arises from craving
3) To stop sorrow one must stopping of craving.4) A noble eightfold path exists to stop sorrow
21) Two main branches of Buddhism?
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14) The four main castes & parts of the body they represented? Brahmins (priests, mouth), Kshatriyas (nobles, shoulders), Vaisyas (MC & workers, thighs), Sudras (non-Aryans, feet)
15) Justification for caste? Past Karma
ECT: What were Brahmanas? Commentaries by Brahmans playing down role of gods
ECT: What were the Upanishads? Commentaries by hermits that emphasized mystical & personal relig. experience
16) What is monism? Polytheistic relig. seeing all gods as aspects of 1 god, Brahma
17) What is dharma? Our duty according to our station in this life
18) What is karma? Sum of our good & bad deeds according to our dharma
19) Basic life of Siddhartha? Prince protected from miseries of the world to keep him from pursuing relig. Life-> When he saw suffering, he became a hermit-> Still didn’t find enlightenment-> Found enlightenment while meditating beneath bodhi tree.
20) Four noble truths? 1) Life is sorrow 2) Sorrow arises from craving
3) To stop sorrow one must stopping of craving.4) A noble eightfold path exists to stop sorrow
21) Two main branches of Buddhism? Hinyana (lesser vehicle) where we work for for our own salvation & Mahayana (greater vehicle) where Buddha saves us
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14) The four main castes & parts of the body they represented? Brahmins (priests, mouth), Kshatriyas (nobles, shoulders), Vaisyas (MC & workers, thighs), Sudras (non-Aryans, feet)
15) Justification for caste? Past Karma
ECT: What were Brahmanas? Commentaries by Brahmans playing down role of gods
ECT: What were the Upanishads? Commentaries by hermits that emphasized mystical & personal relig. experience
16) What is monism? Polytheistic relig. seeing all gods as aspects of 1 god, Brahma
17) What is dharma? Our duty according to our station in this life
18) What is karma? Sum of our good & bad deeds according to our dharma
19) Basic life of Siddhartha? Prince protected from miseries of the world to keep him from pursuing relig. Life-> When he saw suffering, he became a hermit-> Still didn’t find enlightenment-> Found enlightenment while meditating beneath bodhi tree.
20) Four noble truths? 1) Life is sorrow 2) Sorrow arises from craving
3) To stop sorrow one must stopping of craving.4) A noble eightfold path exists to stop sorrow
21) Two main branches of Buddhism? Hinyana (lesser vehicle) where we work for for our own salvation & Mahayana (greater vehicle) where Buddha saves us
ECT: What are Bodhissatvas?
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14) The four main castes & parts of the body they represented? Brahmins (priests, mouth), Kshatriyas (nobles, shoulders), Vaisyas (MC & workers, thighs), Sudras (non-Aryans, feet)
15) Justification for caste? Past Karma
ECT: What were Brahmanas? Commentaries by Brahmans playing down role of gods
ECT: What were the Upanishads? Commentaries by hermits that emphasized mystical & personal relig. experience
16) What is monism? Polytheistic relig. seeing all gods as aspects of 1 god, Brahma
17) What is dharma? Our duty according to our station in this life
18) What is karma? Sum of our good & bad deeds according to our dharma
19) Basic life of Siddhartha? Prince protected from miseries of the world to keep him from pursuing relig. Life-> When he saw suffering, he became a hermit-> Still didn’t find enlightenment-> Found enlightenment while meditating beneath bodhi tree.
20) Four noble truths? 1) Life is sorrow 2) Sorrow arises from craving
3) To stop sorrow one must stopping of craving.4) A noble eightfold path exists to stop sorrow
21) Two main branches of Buddhism? Hinyana (lesser vehicle) where we work for for our own salvation & Mahayana (greater vehicle) where Buddha saves us
ECT: What are Bodhissatvas? People who have gained enlightenment but stayed behind to help enlightenment
![Page 64: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
14) The four main castes & parts of the body they represented? Brahmins (priests, mouth), Kshatriyas (nobles, shoulders), Vaisyas (MC & workers, thighs), Sudras (non-Aryans, feet)
15) Justification for caste? Past Karma
ECT: What were Brahmanas? Commentaries by Brahmans playing down role of gods
ECT: What were the Upanishads? Commentaries by hermits that emphasized mystical & personal relig. experience
16) What is monism? Polytheistic relig. seeing all gods as aspects of 1 god, Brahma
17) What is dharma? Our duty according to our station in this life
18) What is karma? Sum of our good & bad deeds according to our dharma
19) Basic life of Siddhartha? Prince protected from miseries of the world to keep him from pursuing relig. Life-> When he saw suffering, he became a hermit-> Still didn’t find enlightenment-> Found enlightenment while meditating beneath bodhi tree.
20) Four noble truths? 1) Life is sorrow 2) Sorrow arises from craving
3) To stop sorrow one must stopping of craving.4) A noble eightfold path exists to stop sorrow
21) Two main branches of Buddhism? Hinyana (lesser vehicle) where we work for for our own salvation & Mahayana (greater vehicle) where Buddha saves us
ECT: What are Bodhissatvas? People who have gained enlightenment but stayed behind to help enlightenment
22) What is Nirvana?
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14) The four main castes & parts of the body they represented? Brahmins (priests, mouth), Kshatriyas (nobles, shoulders), Vaisyas (MC & workers, thighs), Sudras (non-Aryans, feet)
15) Justification for caste? Past Karma
ECT: What were Brahmanas? Commentaries by Brahmans playing down role of gods
ECT: What were the Upanishads? Commentaries by hermits that emphasized mystical & personal relig. experience
16) What is monism? Polytheistic relig. seeing all gods as aspects of 1 god, Brahma
17) What is dharma? Our duty according to our station in this life
18) What is karma? Sum of our good & bad deeds according to our dharma
19) Basic life of Siddhartha? Prince protected from miseries of the world to keep him from pursuing relig. Life-> When he saw suffering, he became a hermit-> Still didn’t find enlightenment-> Found enlightenment while meditating beneath bodhi tree.
20) Four noble truths? 1) Life is sorrow 2) Sorrow arises from craving
3) To stop sorrow one must stopping of craving.4) A noble eightfold path exists to stop sorrow
21) Two main branches of Buddhism? Hinyana (lesser vehicle) where we work for for our own salvation & Mahayana (greater vehicle) where Buddha saves us
ECT: What are Bodhissatvas? People who have gained enlightenment but stayed behind to help enlightenment
22) What is Nirvana? Total enlightenment-> Extinguish our ego-> Unity with Brahma
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VIDEO QUIZBOWL!
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Who is this?
Indra, the warlike god especially worshipped by the Aryans, was typically portrayed riding an elephant and armed with a lightning bolt
He was the most human of gods, eating, drinking, & living with gusto.
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Draupadi, the wife of Arjuna & his 4 brothers, is lost in a dice game by her father-in-law & is ordered to disrobe. When she refuses and someone tries to unravel her sari, Krishna miraculously adds two lengths of cloth for each one unravelled until her collapses from exhaustion.
This and other injustices lead to an epic war involving millions of warriors. The Mahabharata is very likely based on an historical war that took place around the ninth century BCE.
What is this a scene from?
The Mahabharata
What is happening here?
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Seeing many of his relatives on the opposing side, Arjuna wants to avoid battle, preferring to die rather than kill his kinsmen. Krishna, appearing in his full glory, instructs Arjuna on why he should fight.
What is happening in this scene?
What is this a scene from?
The Bhagavad Gita
Where can you find this work?
The Mahabharata
What is the basic plot?
Krishna reveals his many faces to Arjuna
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Ravana’s men catch Rama’s friend, the flying monkey Hanuman, & attach a huge coil of cotton to his tail & set it on fire. However, this childish prank backfires as he hops from rooftop to rooftop, setting the houses of Lanka on fire before jumping into the ocean unharmed.
What is this a scene from?
The Ramayana
What is happening here?
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What is happening here?
The monkeys are building a bridge from India to Lanka so Rama can attack Ravana’s demon army.
Who is he trying to save?
His wife, Sita
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Since idle gossip at home has implied Sita was not always faithful to Rama during her captivity, she insists on proving her purity while in captivity by undergoing a trial by purifying fire. Even Agni, god of fire, cannot deny her purity and she survives unscathed, and she and Rama live happily ever after.
What is happening here?
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In his four hands he holds the conch representing the divine sound, Om; a discus, representing the wheel of time and the need to live a good life; a lotus representing glorious existence; and a mace indicating his power and capacity to punish if discipline in life is ignored.
Who is this and what is he known for?
Anytime Vishnu sees trouble, he takes an incarnation (avatar) and comes to rescue people from evil.
Vishnu is the preserver god of the trinity.
What does he hold in his 4 hands?
What does he do to help people?
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According to some, the four Vedas, and to others the four ages (yugas) of each cycle of creation and destruction.
What god is this & what is his main attribute?
Brahma is the Lord of Creation. He is a serene deity and provider of all sources of knowledge & wisdom.
What do his four heads represent?
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Shiva is the god of both destruction and wisdom. However, he is not an angry god and is typically seen in a meditative pose and with a third eye in his forehead which is the source of knowledge and wisdom.
Who is this & what is he the god of?
Although a god of destruction, Shiva is necessary for the continuation of the cycle of time, for without destruction there can be no new creation.
Why is a god of destruction necessary in Hinduism?
What are yugas?
The four ages in each cycle of creation and destruction.
What yuga are we in & how long is it supposed to be?
Kali yuga, the last age; 432,000 years
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The Mauryan and Gupta empires
1) Founder of Mauryan dynasty?
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The Mauryan and Gupta empires
1) Founder of Mauryan dynasty? Chandragupta Maurya (c.325-298BCE)
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The Mauryan and Gupta empires
1) Founder of Mauryan dynasty? Chandragupta Maurya (c.325-298BCE)
ECT: Deal he made with Seleucus I?
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The Mauryan and Gupta empires
1) Founder of Mauryan dynasty? Chandragupta Maurya (c.325-298BCE)
ECT: Deal he made with Seleucus I? Traded 500 elephants for land
![Page 80: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
The Mauryan and Gupta empires
1) Founder of Mauryan dynasty? Chandragupta Maurya (c.325-298BCE)
ECT: Deal he made with Seleucus I? Traded 500 elephants for land ECT: How did he spend his later yrs?
![Page 81: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
The Mauryan and Gupta empires
1) Founder of Mauryan dynasty? Chandragupta Maurya (c.325-298BCE)
ECT: Deal he made with Seleucus I? Traded 500 elephants for land ECT: How did he spend his later yrs? Embraced Jainism, abdicated->
fast to death
![Page 82: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
The Mauryan and Gupta empires
1) Founder of Mauryan dynasty? Chandragupta Maurya (c.325-298BCE)
ECT: Deal he made with Seleucus I? Traded 500 elephants for land ECT: How did he spend his later yrs? Embraced Jainism, abdicated->
fast to death
2) What was unique about Ashoka (269-232BCE)?
![Page 83: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
The Mauryan and Gupta empires
1) Founder of Mauryan dynasty? Chandragupta Maurya (c.325-298BCE)
ECT: Deal he made with Seleucus I? Traded 500 elephants for land ECT: How did he spend his later yrs? Embraced Jainism, abdicated->
fast to death
2) What was unique about Ashoka (269-232BCE)? Sickened by bloody conquest of
Kalinga-> Promoted nonviolence
![Page 84: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
The Mauryan and Gupta empires
1) Founder of Mauryan dynasty? Chandragupta Maurya (c.325-298BCE)
ECT: Deal he made with Seleucus I? Traded 500 elephants for land ECT: How did he spend his later yrs? Embraced Jainism, abdicated->
fast to death
2) What was unique about Ashoka (269-232BCE)? Sickened by bloody conquest of
Kalinga-> Promoted nonviolence
ECT: Term for non-violence?
![Page 85: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
The Mauryan and Gupta empires
1) Founder of Mauryan dynasty? Chandragupta Maurya (c.325-298BCE)
ECT: Deal he made with Seleucus I? Traded 500 elephants for land ECT: How did he spend his later yrs? Embraced Jainism, abdicated->
fast to death
2) What was unique about Ashoka (269-232BCE)? Sickened by bloody conquest of
Kalinga-> Promoted nonviolence
ECT: Term for non-violence? Ahimsa
![Page 86: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
The Mauryan and Gupta empires
1) Founder of Mauryan dynasty? Chandragupta Maurya (c.325-298BCE)
ECT: Deal he made with Seleucus I? Traded 500 elephants for land ECT: How did he spend his later yrs? Embraced Jainism, abdicated->
fast to death
2) What was unique about Ashoka (269-232BCE)? Sickened by bloody conquest of
Kalinga-> Promoted nonviolence
ECT: Term for non-violence? Ahimsa
3) What was Gandharan art?
![Page 87: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
The Mauryan and Gupta empires
1) Founder of Mauryan dynasty? Chandragupta Maurya (c.325-298BCE)
ECT: Deal he made with Seleucus I? Traded 500 elephants for land ECT: How did he spend his later yrs? Embraced Jainism, abdicated->
fast to death
2) What was unique about Ashoka (269-232BCE)? Sickened by bloody conquest of
Kalinga-> Promoted nonviolence
ECT: Term for non-violence? Ahimsa
3) What was Gandharan art? Sculpture heavily influenced by Grks from Bactria?
![Page 88: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
The Mauryan and Gupta empires
1) Founder of Mauryan dynasty? Chandragupta Maurya (c.325-298BCE)
ECT: Deal he made with Seleucus I? Traded 500 elephants for land ECT: How did he spend his later yrs? Embraced Jainism, abdicated->
fast to death
2) What was unique about Ashoka (269-232BCE)? Sickened by bloody conquest of
Kalinga-> Promoted nonviolence
ECT: Term for non-violence? Ahimsa
3) What was Gandharan art? Sculpture heavily influenced by Grks from Bactria?
4) What was its most distinguishing feature?
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The Mauryan and Gupta empires
1) Founder of Mauryan dynasty? Chandragupta Maurya (c.325-298BCE)
ECT: Deal he made with Seleucus I? Traded 500 elephants for land ECT: How did he spend his later yrs? Embraced Jainism, abdicated->
fast to death
2) What was unique about Ashoka (269-232BCE)? Sickened by bloody conquest of
Kalinga-> Promoted nonviolence
ECT: Term for non-violence? Ahimsa
3) What was Gandharan art? Sculpture heavily influenced by Grks from Bactria?
4) What was its most distinguishing feature? Curly haired Buddhas
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The Mauryan and Gupta empires
1) Founder of Mauryan dynasty? Chandragupta Maurya (c.325-298BCE)
ECT: Deal he made with Seleucus I? Traded 500 elephants for land ECT: How did he spend his later yrs? Embraced Jainism, abdicated->
fast to death
2) What was unique about Ashoka (269-232BCE)? Sickened by bloody conquest of
Kalinga-> Promoted nonviolence
ECT: Term for non-violence? Ahimsa
3) What was Gandharan art? Sculpture heavily influenced by Grks from Bactria?
4) What was its most distinguishing feature? Curly haired Buddhas
5) Brahmins accomplishments in Math?
![Page 91: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
The Mauryan and Gupta empires
1) Founder of Mauryan dynasty? Chandragupta Maurya (c.325-298BCE)
ECT: Deal he made with Seleucus I? Traded 500 elephants for land ECT: How did he spend his later yrs? Embraced Jainism, abdicated->
fast to death
2) What was unique about Ashoka (269-232BCE)? Sickened by bloody conquest of
Kalinga-> Promoted nonviolence
ECT: Term for non-violence? Ahimsa
3) What was Gandharan art? Sculpture heavily influenced by Grks from Bactria?
4) What was its most distinguishing feature? Curly haired Buddhas
5) Brahmins accomplishments in Math?: pi, neg. Numb's, dec. Sys. W/place value digits, quadrat. Equations
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The Mauryan and Gupta empires
1) Founder of Mauryan dynasty? Chandragupta Maurya (c.325-298BCE)
ECT: Deal he made with Seleucus I? Traded 500 elephants for land ECT: How did he spend his later yrs? Embraced Jainism, abdicated->
fast to death
2) What was unique about Ashoka (269-232BCE)? Sickened by bloody conquest of
Kalinga-> Promoted nonviolence
ECT: Term for non-violence? Ahimsa
3) What was Gandharan art? Sculpture heavily influenced by Grks from Bactria?
4) What was its most distinguishing feature? Curly haired Buddhas
5) Brahmins accomplishments in Math?: pi, neg. Numb's, dec. Sys. W/place value digits, quadrat. Equations
ECT: Why were they called Arabic numerals?
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The Mauryan and Gupta empires
1) Founder of Mauryan dynasty? Chandragupta Maurya (c.325-298BCE)
ECT: Deal he made with Seleucus I? Traded 500 elephants for land ECT: How did he spend his later yrs? Embraced Jainism, abdicated->
fast to death
2) What was unique about Ashoka (269-232BCE)? Sickened by bloody conquest of
Kalinga-> Promoted nonviolence
ECT: Term for non-violence? Ahimsa
3) What was Gandharan art? Sculpture heavily influenced by Grks from Bactria?
4) What was its most distinguishing feature? Curly haired Buddhas
5) Brahmins accomplishments in Math?: pi, neg. Numb's, dec. Sys. W/place value digits, quadrat. Equations
ECT: Why were they called Arabic numerals? Remained preserve of experts until Arabs popularized & spread it
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The Mauryan and Gupta empires
1) Founder of Mauryan dynasty? Chandragupta Maurya (c.325-298BCE)
ECT: Deal he made with Seleucus I? Traded 500 elephants for land ECT: How did he spend his later yrs? Embraced Jainism, abdicated->
fast to death
2) What was unique about Ashoka (269-232BCE)? Sickened by bloody conquest of
Kalinga-> Promoted nonviolence
ECT: Term for non-violence? Ahimsa
3) What was Gandharan art? Sculpture heavily influenced by Grks from Bactria?
4) What was its most distinguishing feature? Curly haired Buddhas
5) Brahmins accomplishments in Math?: pi, neg. Numb's, dec. Sys. W/place value digits, quadrat. Equations
ECT: Why were they called Arabic numerals? Remained preserve of experts until Arabs popularized & spread it
ECT: What were Stupas?
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The Mauryan and Gupta empires
1) Founder of Mauryan dynasty? Chandragupta Maurya (c.325-298BCE)
ECT: Deal he made with Seleucus I? Traded 500 elephants for land ECT: How did he spend his later yrs? Embraced Jainism, abdicated->
fast to death
2) What was unique about Ashoka (269-232BCE)? Sickened by bloody conquest of
Kalinga-> Promoted nonviolence
ECT: Term for non-violence? Ahimsa
3) What was Gandharan art? Sculpture heavily influenced by Grks from Bactria?
4) What was its most distinguishing feature? Curly haired Buddhas
5) Brahmins accomplishments in Math?: pi, neg. Numb's, dec. Sys. W/place value digits, quadrat. Equations
ECT: Why were they called Arabic numerals? Remained preserve of experts until Arabs popularized & spread it
ECT: What were Stupas? Budd. Mon's)
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The Mauryan and Gupta empires
1) Founder of Mauryan dynasty? Chandragupta Maurya (c.325-298BCE)
ECT: Deal he made with Seleucus I? Traded 500 elephants for land ECT: How did he spend his later yrs? Embraced Jainism, abdicated->
fast to death
2) What was unique about Ashoka (269-232BCE)? Sickened by bloody conquest of
Kalinga-> Promoted nonviolence
ECT: Term for non-violence? Ahimsa
3) What was Gandharan art? Sculpture heavily influenced by Grks from Bactria?
4) What was its most distinguishing feature? Curly haired Buddhas
5) Brahmins accomplishments in Math?: pi, neg. Numb's, dec. Sys. W/place value digits, quadrat. Equations
ECT: Why were they called Arabic numerals? Remained preserve of experts until Arabs popularized & spread it
ECT: What were Stupas? Budd. Mon's)
ECT: Who do you catch elephants?
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The Mauryan and Gupta empires
1) Founder of Mauryan dynasty? Chandragupta Maurya (c.325-298BCE)
ECT: Deal he made with Seleucus I? Traded 500 elephants for land ECT: How did he spend his later yrs? Embraced Jainism, abdicated->
fast to death
2) What was unique about Ashoka (269-232BCE)? Sickened by bloody conquest of
Kalinga-> Promoted nonviolence
ECT: Term for non-violence? Ahimsa
3) What was Gandharan art? Sculpture heavily influenced by Grks from Bactria?
4) What was its most distinguishing feature? Curly haired Buddhas
5) Brahmins accomplishments in Math?: pi, neg. Numb's, dec. Sys. W/place value digits, quadrat. Equations
ECT: Why were they called Arabic numerals? Remained preserve of experts until Arabs popularized & spread it
ECT: What were Stupas? Budd. Mon's)
ECT: Who do you catch elephants? Drive them between two lines of fences that gradually narrow and end in a corral.
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VIDEO QUIZBOWL!
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Top: Silver coin of Heliocles (r.150–125 BCE), the last Greco-Bactrian king Below: One of the first coins of the Yuezhi, imitative, in crude style, of the coins of the Greco-Bactrian king Heliocles, circa 120 BCE.
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Gandharan style Buddha from N. Thailand
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Temple of the Sun at Konarak (c.1250). The building in its entirety represents the chariot of the sun with its wheels visible at the bottom.
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Krishna was the most popular of Vishnu’s avatars & the subject of many stories. As a mischievious little boy, he was chained to a honey pot by his mother for stealing honey. Dragging it through two trees he uprooted them, inadvertently rescuing two princes trapped underneath by an evil wizard.
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Garuda, king of the birds, carries Krishna & Radha through the air.
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Krishna sucks up a fire unleashed by the jealous fire god, Agni, to save his loyal cowherds, the gopis, from destruction.
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Krishna, trapped in the beak of an evil crane unleashed by his enemies, makes himself red-hot to force it to release him.
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Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s?
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Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
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Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims?
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Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims? Tolerant
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Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims? Tolerant
3) Impact on relig.
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Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims? Tolerant
3) Impact on relig. Geog. Of S. Asia? Pakistan Muslim & India Hindu
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Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims? Tolerant
3) Impact on relig. Geog. Of S. Asia? Pakistan Muslim & India Hindu
4) Name of Ind. Rulers who resisted Muslim invaders?
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Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims? Tolerant
3) Impact on relig. Geog. Of S. Asia? Pakistan Muslim & India Hindu
4) Name of Ind. Rulers who resisted Muslim invaders? Rajputs
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Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims? Tolerant
3) Impact on relig. Geog. Of S. Asia? Pakistan Muslim & India Hindu
4) Name of Ind. Rulers who resisted Muslim invaders? Rajputs
ECT: Claimed to be descended from?
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Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims? Tolerant
3) Impact on relig. Geog. Of S. Asia? Pakistan Muslim & India Hindu
4) Name of Ind. Rulers who resisted Muslim invaders? Rajputs
ECT: Claimed to be descended from? Huns or forged from fire
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Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims? Tolerant
3) Impact on relig. Geog. Of S. Asia? Pakistan Muslim & India Hindu
4) Name of Ind. Rulers who resisted Muslim invaders? Rajputs
ECT: Claimed to be descended from? Huns or forged from fire
ECT: Rajput warfare?
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Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims? Tolerant
3) Impact on relig. Geog. Of S. Asia? Pakistan Muslim & India Hindu
4) Name of Ind. Rulers who resisted Muslim invaders? Rajputs
ECT: Claimed to be descended from? Huns or forged from fire
ECT: Rajput warfare? Stylized indiv. combat ~bushido or chiv.-> Kept 3200 bards
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Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims? Tolerant
3) Impact on relig. Geog. Of S. Asia? Pakistan Muslim & India Hindu
4) Name of Ind. Rulers who resisted Muslim invaders? Rajputs
ECT: Claimed to be descended from? Huns or forged from fire
ECT: Rajput warfare? Stylized indiv. combat ~bushido or chiv.-> Kept 3200 bards
ECT: Game based on this?
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Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims? Tolerant
3) Impact on relig. Geog. Of S. Asia? Pakistan Muslim & India Hindu
4) Name of Ind. Rulers who resisted Muslim invaders? Rajputs
ECT: Claimed to be descended from? Huns or forged from fire
ECT: Rajput warfare? Stylized indiv. combat ~bushido or chiv.-> Kept 3200 bards
ECT: Game based on this? Chess: king on elephant is slow; queen= general
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Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims? Tolerant
3) Impact on relig. Geog. Of S. Asia? Pakistan Muslim & India Hindu
4) Name of Ind. Rulers who resisted Muslim invaders? Rajputs
ECT: Claimed to be descended from? Huns or forged from fire
ECT: Rajput warfare? Stylized indiv. combat ~bushido or chiv.-> Kept 3200 bards
ECT: Game based on this? Chess: king on elephant is slow; queen= general
ECT: What did rook=?
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Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims? Tolerant
3) Impact on relig. Geog. Of S. Asia? Pakistan Muslim & India Hindu
4) Name of Ind. Rulers who resisted Muslim invaders? Rajputs
ECT: Claimed to be descended from? Huns or forged from fire
ECT: Rajput warfare? Stylized indiv. combat ~bushido or chiv.-> Kept 3200 bards
ECT: Game based on this? Chess: king on elephant is slow; queen= general
ECT: What did rook=? Elephant
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Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims? Tolerant
3) Impact on relig. Geog. Of S. Asia? Pakistan Muslim & India Hindu
4) Name of Ind. Rulers who resisted Muslim invaders? Rajputs
ECT: Claimed to be descended from? Huns or forged from fire
ECT: Rajput warfare? Stylized indiv. combat ~bushido or chiv.-> Kept 3200 bards
ECT: Game based on this? Chess: king on elephant is slow; queen= general
ECT: What did rook=? Elephant
5) Impact of Turkish invaders on Buddhism?
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Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims? Tolerant
3) Impact on relig. Geog. Of S. Asia? Pakistan Muslim & India Hindu
4) Name of Ind. Rulers who resisted Muslim invaders? Rajputs
ECT: Claimed to be descended from? Huns or forged from fire
ECT: Rajput warfare? Stylized indiv. combat ~bushido or chiv.-> Kept 3200 bards
ECT: Game based on this? Chess: king on elephant is slow; queen= general
ECT: What did rook=? Elephant
5) Impact of Turkish invaders on Buddhism? Buddhists not protected-> convert or fled
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Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims? Tolerant
3) Impact on relig. Geog. Of S. Asia? Pakistan Muslim & India Hindu
4) Name of Ind. Rulers who resisted Muslim invaders? Rajputs
ECT: Claimed to be descended from? Huns or forged from fire
ECT: Rajput warfare? Stylized indiv. combat ~bushido or chiv.-> Kept 3200 bards
ECT: Game based on this? Chess: king on elephant is slow; queen= general
ECT: What did rook=? Elephant
5) Impact of Turkish invaders on Buddhism? Buddhists not protected-> convert or fled
ECT: Mahmud of Ghazni’s nick name?
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Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims? Tolerant
3) Impact on relig. Geog. Of S. Asia? Pakistan Muslim & India Hindu
4) Name of Ind. Rulers who resisted Muslim invaders? Rajputs
ECT: Claimed to be descended from? Huns or forged from fire
ECT: Rajput warfare? Stylized indiv. combat ~bushido or chiv.-> Kept 3200 bards
ECT: Game based on this? Chess: king on elephant is slow; queen= general
ECT: What did rook=? Elephant
5) Impact of Turkish invaders on Buddhism? Buddhists not protected-> convert or fled
ECT: Mahmud of Ghazni’s nick name? "idol smasher”
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Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims? Tolerant
3) Impact on relig. Geog. Of S. Asia? Pakistan Muslim & India Hindu
4) Name of Ind. Rulers who resisted Muslim invaders? Rajputs
ECT: Claimed to be descended from? Huns or forged from fire
ECT: Rajput warfare? Stylized indiv. combat ~bushido or chiv.-> Kept 3200 bards
ECT: Game based on this? Chess: king on elephant is slow; queen= general
ECT: What did rook=? Elephant
5) Impact of Turkish invaders on Buddhism? Buddhists not protected-> convert or fled
ECT: Mahmud of Ghazni’s nick name? "idol smasher”
ECT: Ala al-din’s nickname?
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Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims? Tolerant
3) Impact on relig. Geog. Of S. Asia? Pakistan Muslim & India Hindu
4) Name of Ind. Rulers who resisted Muslim invaders? Rajputs
ECT: Claimed to be descended from? Huns or forged from fire
ECT: Rajput warfare? Stylized indiv. combat ~bushido or chiv.-> Kept 3200 bards
ECT: Game based on this? Chess: king on elephant is slow; queen= general
ECT: What did rook=? Elephant
5) Impact of Turkish invaders on Buddhism? Buddhists not protected-> convert or fled
ECT: Mahmud of Ghazni’s nick name? "idol smasher”
ECT: Ala al-din’s nickname? "world burner"
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Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims? Tolerant
3) Impact on relig. Geog. Of S. Asia? Pakistan Muslim & India Hindu
4) Name of Ind. Rulers who resisted Muslim invaders? Rajputs
ECT: Claimed to be descended from? Huns or forged from fire
ECT: Rajput warfare? Stylized indiv. combat ~bushido or chiv.-> Kept 3200 bards
ECT: Game based on this? Chess: king on elephant is slow; queen= general
ECT: What did rook=? Elephant
5) Impact of Turkish invaders on Buddhism? Buddhists not protected-> convert or fled
ECT: Mahmud of Ghazni’s nick name? "idol smasher”
ECT: Ala al-din’s nickname? "world burner"
6) Name of Muslim state founded by Turks?
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Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims? Tolerant
3) Impact on relig. Geog. Of S. Asia? Pakistan Muslim & India Hindu
4) Name of Ind. Rulers who resisted Muslim invaders? Rajputs
ECT: Claimed to be descended from? Huns or forged from fire
ECT: Rajput warfare? Stylized indiv. combat ~bushido or chiv.-> Kept 3200 bards
ECT: Game based on this? Chess: king on elephant is slow; queen= general
ECT: What did rook=? Elephant
5) Impact of Turkish invaders on Buddhism? Buddhists not protected-> convert or fled
ECT: Mahmud of Ghazni’s nick name? "idol smasher”
ECT: Ala al-din’s nickname? "world burner"
6) Name of Muslim state founded by Turks? Sultanate of Delhi (1206-1526)
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Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims? Tolerant
3) Impact on relig. Geog. Of S. Asia? Pakistan Muslim & India Hindu
4) Name of Ind. Rulers who resisted Muslim invaders? Rajputs
ECT: Claimed to be descended from? Huns or forged from fire
ECT: Rajput warfare? Stylized indiv. combat ~bushido or chiv.-> Kept 3200 bards
ECT: Game based on this? Chess: king on elephant is slow; queen= general
ECT: What did rook=? Elephant
5) Impact of Turkish invaders on Buddhism? Buddhists not protected-> convert or fled
ECT: Mahmud of Ghazni’s nick name? "idol smasher”
ECT: Ala al-din’s nickname? "world burner"
6) Name of Muslim state founded by Turks? Sultanate of Delhi (1206-1526)
ECT: What were yugas?
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Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims? Tolerant
3) Impact on relig. Geog. Of S. Asia? Pakistan Muslim & India Hindu
4) Name of Ind. Rulers who resisted Muslim invaders? Rajputs
ECT: Claimed to be descended from? Huns or forged from fire
ECT: Rajput warfare? Stylized indiv. combat ~bushido or chiv.-> Kept 3200 bards
ECT: Game based on this? Chess: king on elephant is slow; queen= general
ECT: What did rook=? Elephant
5) Impact of Turkish invaders on Buddhism? Buddhists not protected-> convert or fled
ECT: Mahmud of Ghazni’s nick name? "idol smasher”
ECT: Ala al-din’s nickname? "world burner"
6) Name of Muslim state founded by Turks? Sultanate of Delhi (1206-1526)
ECT: What were yugas? 4 ages in each cycle of the universe’s existence
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Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims? Tolerant
3) Impact on relig. Geog. Of S. Asia? Pakistan Muslim & India Hindu
4) Name of Ind. Rulers who resisted Muslim invaders? Rajputs
ECT: Claimed to be descended from? Huns or forged from fire
ECT: Rajput warfare? Stylized indiv. combat ~bushido or chiv.-> Kept 3200 bards
ECT: Game based on this? Chess: king on elephant is slow; queen= general
ECT: What did rook=? Elephant
5) Impact of Turkish invaders on Buddhism? Buddhists not protected-> convert or fled
ECT: Mahmud of Ghazni’s nick name? "idol smasher”
ECT: Ala al-din’s nickname? "world burner"
6) Name of Muslim state founded by Turks? Sultanate of Delhi (1206-1526)
ECT: What were yugas? 4 ages in each cycle of the universe’s existence
7) Who was Babur?
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Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims? Tolerant
3) Impact on relig. Geog. Of S. Asia? Pakistan Muslim & India Hindu
4) Name of Ind. Rulers who resisted Muslim invaders? Rajputs
ECT: Claimed to be descended from? Huns or forged from fire
ECT: Rajput warfare? Stylized indiv. combat ~bushido or chiv.-> Kept 3200 bards
ECT: Game based on this? Chess: king on elephant is slow; queen= general
ECT: What did rook=? Elephant
5) Impact of Turkish invaders on Buddhism? Buddhists not protected-> convert or fled
ECT: Mahmud of Ghazni’s nick name? "idol smasher”
ECT: Ala al-din’s nickname? "world burner"
6) Name of Muslim state founded by Turks? Sultanate of Delhi (1206-1526)
ECT: What were yugas? 4 ages in each cycle of the universe’s existence
7) Who was Babur? Afghan leader who lost his lands-> started conquest of India
![Page 134: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims? Tolerant
3) Impact on relig. Geog. Of S. Asia? Pakistan Muslim & India Hindu
4) Name of Ind. Rulers who resisted Muslim invaders? Rajputs
ECT: Claimed to be descended from? Huns or forged from fire
ECT: Rajput warfare? Stylized indiv. combat ~bushido or chiv.-> Kept 3200 bards
ECT: Game based on this? Chess: king on elephant is slow; queen= general
ECT: What did rook=? Elephant
5) Impact of Turkish invaders on Buddhism? Buddhists not protected-> convert or fled
ECT: Mahmud of Ghazni’s nick name? "idol smasher”
ECT: Ala al-din’s nickname? "world burner"
6) Name of Muslim state founded by Turks? Sultanate of Delhi (1206-1526)
ECT: What were yugas? 4 ages in each cycle of the universe’s existence
7) Who was Babur? Afghan leader who lost his lands-> started conquest of India
ECT: His nickname?
![Page 135: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims? Tolerant
3) Impact on relig. Geog. Of S. Asia? Pakistan Muslim & India Hindu
4) Name of Ind. Rulers who resisted Muslim invaders? Rajputs
ECT: Claimed to be descended from? Huns or forged from fire
ECT: Rajput warfare? Stylized indiv. combat ~bushido or chiv.-> Kept 3200 bards
ECT: Game based on this? Chess: king on elephant is slow; queen= general
ECT: What did rook=? Elephant
5) Impact of Turkish invaders on Buddhism? Buddhists not protected-> convert or fled
ECT: Mahmud of Ghazni’s nick name? "idol smasher”
ECT: Ala al-din’s nickname? "world burner"
6) Name of Muslim state founded by Turks? Sultanate of Delhi (1206-1526)
ECT: What were yugas? 4 ages in each cycle of the universe’s existence
7) Who was Babur? Afghan leader who lost his lands-> started conquest of India
ECT: His nickname? "the Tiger”
![Page 136: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims? Tolerant
3) Impact on relig. Geog. Of S. Asia? Pakistan Muslim & India Hindu
4) Name of Ind. Rulers who resisted Muslim invaders? Rajputs
ECT: Claimed to be descended from? Huns or forged from fire
ECT: Rajput warfare? Stylized indiv. combat ~bushido or chiv.-> Kept 3200 bards
ECT: Game based on this? Chess: king on elephant is slow; queen= general
ECT: What did rook=? Elephant
5) Impact of Turkish invaders on Buddhism? Buddhists not protected-> convert or fled
ECT: Mahmud of Ghazni’s nick name? "idol smasher”
ECT: Ala al-din’s nickname? "world burner"
6) Name of Muslim state founded by Turks? Sultanate of Delhi (1206-1526)
ECT: What were yugas? 4 ages in each cycle of the universe’s existence
7) Who was Babur? Afghan leader who lost his lands-> started conquest of India
ECT: His nickname? "the Tiger”
ECT: Claimed descent from?
![Page 137: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
Islam in India
1) Problems b/w Islamic vs. Ind. Civ’s? Islam more dem. soc., but strict monotheism
2) Arab policies toward non Muslims? Tolerant
3) Impact on relig. Geog. Of S. Asia? Pakistan Muslim & India Hindu
4) Name of Ind. Rulers who resisted Muslim invaders? Rajputs
ECT: Claimed to be descended from? Huns or forged from fire
ECT: Rajput warfare? Stylized indiv. combat ~bushido or chiv.-> Kept 3200 bards
ECT: Game based on this? Chess: king on elephant is slow; queen= general
ECT: What did rook=? Elephant
5) Impact of Turkish invaders on Buddhism? Buddhists not protected-> convert or fled
ECT: Mahmud of Ghazni’s nick name? "idol smasher”
ECT: Ala al-din’s nickname? "world burner"
6) Name of Muslim state founded by Turks? Sultanate of Delhi (1206-1526)
ECT: What were yugas? 4 ages in each cycle of the universe’s existence
7) Who was Babur? Afghan leader who lost his lands-> started conquest of India
ECT: His nickname? "the Tiger”
ECT: Claimed descent from? Genghis Khan & Timur the Lame
![Page 138: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
8) His military edge?
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8) His military edge? Muskets & cannons
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8) His military edge? Muskets & cannons
ECT: Who or what was Panipat?
![Page 141: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
8) His military edge? Muskets & cannons
ECT: Who or what was Panipat? Babur’s victory vs. Delhi (1526)
![Page 142: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
8) His military edge? Muskets & cannons
ECT: Who or what was Panipat? Babur’s victory vs. Delhi (1526)
ECT: How educated was he?
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8) His military edge? Muskets & cannons
ECT: Who or what was Panipat? Babur’s victory vs. Delhi (1526)
ECT: How educated was he? Kept personal memoirs->valuable source
![Page 144: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
8) His military edge? Muskets & cannons
ECT: Who or what was Panipat? Babur’s victory vs. Delhi (1526)
ECT: How educated was he? Kept personal memoirs->valuable source
ECT: His opinion of India?
![Page 145: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/145.jpg)
8) His military edge? Muskets & cannons
ECT: Who or what was Panipat? Babur’s victory vs. Delhi (1526)
ECT: How educated was he? Kept personal memoirs->valuable source
ECT: His opinion of India? Didn't like India w/o cold water & fruits, but deter. to stay
![Page 146: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/146.jpg)
8) His military edge? Muskets & cannons
ECT: Who or what was Panipat? Babur’s victory vs. Delhi (1526)
ECT: How educated was he? Kept personal memoirs->valuable source
ECT: His opinion of India? Didn't like India w/o cold water & fruits, but deter. to stay
9) Humayun’s reign (1530-56)?
![Page 147: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/147.jpg)
8) His military edge? Muskets & cannons
ECT: Who or what was Panipat? Babur’s victory vs. Delhi (1526)
ECT: How educated was he? Kept personal memoirs->valuable source
ECT: His opinion of India? Didn't like India w/o cold water & fruits, but deter. to stay
9) Humayun’s reign (1530-56)? Had to flee to Persia-> turned Shi'ite for Persian help
![Page 148: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/148.jpg)
8) His military edge? Muskets & cannons
ECT: Who or what was Panipat? Babur’s victory vs. Delhi (1526)
ECT: How educated was he? Kept personal memoirs->valuable source
ECT: His opinion of India? Didn't like India w/o cold water & fruits, but deter. to stay
9) Humayun’s reign (1530-56)? Had to flee to Persia-> turned Shi'ite for Persian help
ECT: His personal problem?
![Page 149: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/149.jpg)
8) His military edge? Muskets & cannons
ECT: Who or what was Panipat? Babur’s victory vs. Delhi (1526)
ECT: How educated was he? Kept personal memoirs->valuable source
ECT: His opinion of India? Didn't like India w/o cold water & fruits, but deter. to stay
9) Humayun’s reign (1530-56)? Had to flee to Persia-> turned Shi'ite for Persian help
ECT: His personal problem? Addicted to opium & wine-> indecisive or bad decisions
![Page 150: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/150.jpg)
8) His military edge? Muskets & cannons
ECT: Who or what was Panipat? Babur’s victory vs. Delhi (1526)
ECT: How educated was he? Kept personal memoirs->valuable source
ECT: His opinion of India? Didn't like India w/o cold water & fruits, but deter. to stay
9) Humayun’s reign (1530-56)? Had to flee to Persia-> turned Shi'ite for Persian help
ECT: His personal problem? Addicted to opium & wine-> indecisive or bad decisions
ECT: How did he die?
![Page 151: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/151.jpg)
8) His military edge? Muskets & cannons
ECT: Who or what was Panipat? Babur’s victory vs. Delhi (1526)
ECT: How educated was he? Kept personal memoirs->valuable source
ECT: His opinion of India? Didn't like India w/o cold water & fruits, but deter. to stay
9) Humayun’s reign (1530-56)? Had to flee to Persia-> turned Shi'ite for Persian help
ECT: His personal problem? Addicted to opium & wine-> indecisive or bad decisions
ECT: How did he die? Fell down steps & died 7 months after being restored
![Page 152: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/152.jpg)
8) His military edge? Muskets & cannons
ECT: Who or what was Panipat? Babur’s victory vs. Delhi (1526)
ECT: How educated was he? Kept personal memoirs->valuable source
ECT: His opinion of India? Didn't like India w/o cold water & fruits, but deter. to stay
9) Humayun’s reign (1530-56)? Had to flee to Persia-> turned Shi'ite for Persian help
ECT: His personal problem? Addicted to opium & wine-> indecisive or bad decisions
ECT: How did he die? Fell down steps & died 7 months after being restored
10) His son & successor?
![Page 153: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/153.jpg)
8) His military edge? Muskets & cannons
ECT: Who or what was Panipat? Babur’s victory vs. Delhi (1526)
ECT: How educated was he? Kept personal memoirs->valuable source
ECT: His opinion of India? Didn't like India w/o cold water & fruits, but deter. to stay
9) Humayun’s reign (1530-56)? Had to flee to Persia-> turned Shi'ite for Persian help
ECT: His personal problem? Addicted to opium & wine-> indecisive or bad decisions
ECT: How did he die? Fell down steps & died 7 months after being restored
10) His son & successor? Akbar the Great (1556-1605)
![Page 154: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/154.jpg)
8) His military edge? Muskets & cannons
ECT: Who or what was Panipat? Babur’s victory vs. Delhi (1526)
ECT: How educated was he? Kept personal memoirs->valuable source
ECT: His opinion of India? Didn't like India w/o cold water & fruits, but deter. to stay
9) Humayun’s reign (1530-56)? Had to flee to Persia-> turned Shi'ite for Persian help
ECT: His personal problem? Addicted to opium & wine-> indecisive or bad decisions
ECT: How did he die? Fell down steps & died 7 months after being restored
10) His son & successor? Akbar the Great (1556-1605)
11) Akbar’s ruling policies?
![Page 155: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/155.jpg)
8) His military edge? Muskets & cannons
ECT: Who or what was Panipat? Babur’s victory vs. Delhi (1526)
ECT: How educated was he? Kept personal memoirs->valuable source
ECT: His opinion of India? Didn't like India w/o cold water & fruits, but deter. to stay
9) Humayun’s reign (1530-56)? Had to flee to Persia-> turned Shi'ite for Persian help
ECT: His personal problem? Addicted to opium & wine-> indecisive or bad decisions
ECT: How did he die? Fell down steps & died 7 months after being restored
10) His son & successor? Akbar the Great (1556-1605)
11) Akbar’s ruling policies?- Ruled with, not over, rajputs-> counter-wt. to Muslim nobles- Married Hindu princesses- Relig. Tolerance-> stopped dest. Of Hindu temples
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8) His military edge? Muskets & cannons
ECT: Who or what was Panipat? Babur’s victory vs. Delhi (1526)
ECT: How educated was he? Kept personal memoirs->valuable source
ECT: His opinion of India? Didn't like India w/o cold water & fruits, but deter. to stay
9) Humayun’s reign (1530-56)? Had to flee to Persia-> turned Shi'ite for Persian help
ECT: His personal problem? Addicted to opium & wine-> indecisive or bad decisions
ECT: How did he die? Fell down steps & died 7 months after being restored
10) His son & successor? Akbar the Great (1556-1605)
11) Akbar’s ruling policies?- Ruled with, not over, rajputs-> counter-wt. to Muslim nobles- Married Hindu princesses- Relig. Tolerance-> stopped dest. Of Hindu temples
ECT: Akbar’s Relig. Innovation?
![Page 157: FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY Aryans (FC.50) Pattern of rise of hydraulic civilizations (FC.6) Extremely complex & varied](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110205/56649c765503460f9492b12d/html5/thumbnails/157.jpg)
8) His military edge? Muskets & cannons
ECT: Who or what was Panipat? Babur’s victory vs. Delhi (1526)
ECT: How educated was he? Kept personal memoirs->valuable source
ECT: His opinion of India? Didn't like India w/o cold water & fruits, but deter. to stay
9) Humayun’s reign (1530-56)? Had to flee to Persia-> turned Shi'ite for Persian help
ECT: His personal problem? Addicted to opium & wine-> indecisive or bad decisions
ECT: How did he die? Fell down steps & died 7 months after being restored
10) His son & successor? Akbar the Great (1556-1605)
11) Akbar’s ruling policies?- Ruled with, not over, rajputs-> counter-wt. to Muslim nobles- Married Hindu princesses- Relig. Tolerance-> stopped dest. Of Hindu temples
ECT: Akbar’s Relig. Innovation? Formed own religion, Din ilahi
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8) His military edge? Muskets & cannons
ECT: Who or what was Panipat? Babur’s victory vs. Delhi (1526)
ECT: How educated was he? Kept personal memoirs->valuable source
ECT: His opinion of India? Didn't like India w/o cold water & fruits, but deter. to stay
9) Humayun’s reign (1530-56)? Had to flee to Persia-> turned Shi'ite for Persian help
ECT: His personal problem? Addicted to opium & wine-> indecisive or bad decisions
ECT: How did he die? Fell down steps & died 7 months after being restored
10) His son & successor? Akbar the Great (1556-1605)
11) Akbar’s ruling policies?- Ruled with, not over, rajputs-> counter-wt. to Muslim nobles- Married Hindu princesses- Relig. Tolerance-> stopped dest. Of Hindu temples
ECT: Akbar’s Relig. Innovation? Formed own religion, Din ilahi
12) What areas of culture fused to a large extent?
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8) His military edge? Muskets & cannons
ECT: Who or what was Panipat? Babur’s victory vs. Delhi (1526)
ECT: How educated was he? Kept personal memoirs->valuable source
ECT: His opinion of India? Didn't like India w/o cold water & fruits, but deter. to stay
9) Humayun’s reign (1530-56)? Had to flee to Persia-> turned Shi'ite for Persian help
ECT: His personal problem? Addicted to opium & wine-> indecisive or bad decisions
ECT: How did he die? Fell down steps & died 7 months after being restored
10) His son & successor? Akbar the Great (1556-1605)
11) Akbar’s ruling policies?- Ruled with, not over, rajputs-> counter-wt. to Muslim nobles- Married Hindu princesses- Relig. Tolerance-> stopped dest. Of Hindu temples
ECT: Akbar’s Relig. Innovation? Formed own religion, Din ilahi
12) What areas of culture fused to a large extent? Mughal ptg. & architecture
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8) His military edge? Muskets & cannons
ECT: Who or what was Panipat? Babur’s victory vs. Delhi (1526)
ECT: How educated was he? Kept personal memoirs->valuable source
ECT: His opinion of India? Didn't like India w/o cold water & fruits, but deter. to stay
9) Humayun’s reign (1530-56)? Had to flee to Persia-> turned Shi'ite for Persian help
ECT: His personal problem? Addicted to opium & wine-> indecisive or bad decisions
ECT: How did he die? Fell down steps & died 7 months after being restored
10) His son & successor? Akbar the Great (1556-1605)
11) Akbar’s ruling policies?- Ruled with, not over, rajputs-> counter-wt. to Muslim nobles- Married Hindu princesses- Relig. Tolerance-> stopped dest. Of Hindu temples
ECT: Akbar’s Relig. Innovation? Formed own religion, Din ilahi
12) What areas of culture fused to a large extent? Mughal ptg. & architecture
13) What happened to Indian music & why?
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8) His military edge? Muskets & cannons
ECT: Who or what was Panipat? Babur’s victory vs. Delhi (1526)
ECT: How educated was he? Kept personal memoirs->valuable source
ECT: His opinion of India? Didn't like India w/o cold water & fruits, but deter. to stay
9) Humayun’s reign (1530-56)? Had to flee to Persia-> turned Shi'ite for Persian help
ECT: His personal problem? Addicted to opium & wine-> indecisive or bad decisions
ECT: How did he die? Fell down steps & died 7 months after being restored
10) His son & successor? Akbar the Great (1556-1605)
11) Akbar’s ruling policies?- Ruled with, not over, rajputs-> counter-wt. to Muslim nobles- Married Hindu princesses- Relig. Tolerance-> stopped dest. Of Hindu temples
ECT: Akbar’s Relig. Innovation? Formed own religion, Din ilahi
12) What areas of culture fused to a large extent? Mughal ptg. & architecture
13) What happened to Indian music & why? Strict ban vs music by Aurangzab
-> Musicians fled to countryside-> blended w/native music
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8) His military edge? Muskets & cannons
ECT: Who or what was Panipat? Babur’s victory vs. Delhi (1526)
ECT: How educated was he? Kept personal memoirs->valuable source
ECT: His opinion of India? Didn't like India w/o cold water & fruits, but deter. to stay
9) Humayun’s reign (1530-56)? Had to flee to Persia-> turned Shi'ite for Persian help
ECT: His personal problem? Addicted to opium & wine-> indecisive or bad decisions
ECT: How did he die? Fell down steps & died 7 months after being restored
10) His son & successor? Akbar the Great (1556-1605)
11) Akbar’s ruling policies?- Ruled with, not over, rajputs-> counter-wt. to Muslim nobles- Married Hindu princesses- Relig. Tolerance-> stopped dest. Of Hindu temples
ECT: Akbar’s Relig. Innovation? Formed own religion, Din ilahi
12) What areas of culture fused to a large extent? Mughal ptg. & architecture
13) What happened to Indian music & why? Strict ban vs music by Aurangzab
-> Musicians fled to countryside-> blended w/native music
ECT: What happened to Language?
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8) His military edge? Muskets & cannons
ECT: Who or what was Panipat? Babur’s victory vs. Delhi (1526)
ECT: How educated was he? Kept personal memoirs->valuable source
ECT: His opinion of India? Didn't like India w/o cold water & fruits, but deter. to stay
9) Humayun’s reign (1530-56)? Had to flee to Persia-> turned Shi'ite for Persian help
ECT: His personal problem? Addicted to opium & wine-> indecisive or bad decisions
ECT: How did he die? Fell down steps & died 7 months after being restored
10) His son & successor? Akbar the Great (1556-1605)
11) Akbar’s ruling policies?- Ruled with, not over, rajputs-> counter-wt. to Muslim nobles- Married Hindu princesses- Relig. Tolerance-> stopped dest. Of Hindu temples
ECT: Akbar’s Relig. Innovation? Formed own religion, Din ilahi
12) What areas of culture fused to a large extent? Mughal ptg. & architecture
13) What happened to Indian music & why? Strict ban vs music by Aurangzab
-> Musicians fled to countryside-> blended w/native music
ECT: What happened to Language? Persian + native Ind. Lang.-> Urdu
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8) His military edge? Muskets & cannons
ECT: Who or what was Panipat? Babur’s victory vs. Delhi (1526)
ECT: How educated was he? Kept personal memoirs->valuable source
ECT: His opinion of India? Didn't like India w/o cold water & fruits, but deter. to stay
9) Humayun’s reign (1530-56)? Had to flee to Persia-> turned Shi'ite for Persian help
ECT: His personal problem? Addicted to opium & wine-> indecisive or bad decisions
ECT: How did he die? Fell down steps & died 7 months after being restored
10) His son & successor? Akbar the Great (1556-1605)
11) Akbar’s ruling policies?- Ruled with, not over, rajputs-> counter-wt. to Muslim nobles- Married Hindu princesses- Relig. Tolerance-> stopped dest. Of Hindu temples
ECT: Akbar’s Relig. Innovation? Formed own religion, Din ilahi
12) What areas of culture fused to a large extent? Mughal ptg. & architecture
13) What happened to Indian music & why? Strict ban vs music by Aurangzab
-> Musicians fled to countryside-> blended w/native music
ECT: What happened to Language? Persian + native Ind. Lang.-> Urdu
14) Two policies by Aurangzab-> Mughal decline?
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8) His military edge? Muskets & cannons
ECT: Who or what was Panipat? Babur’s victory vs. Delhi (1526)
ECT: How educated was he? Kept personal memoirs->valuable source
ECT: His opinion of India? Didn't like India w/o cold water & fruits, but deter. to stay
9) Humayun’s reign (1530-56)? Had to flee to Persia-> turned Shi'ite for Persian help
ECT: His personal problem? Addicted to opium & wine-> indecisive or bad decisions
ECT: How did he die? Fell down steps & died 7 months after being restored
10) His son & successor? Akbar the Great (1556-1605)
11) Akbar’s ruling policies?- Ruled with, not over, rajputs-> counter-wt. to Muslim nobles- Married Hindu princesses- Relig. Tolerance-> stopped dest. Of Hindu temples
ECT: Akbar’s Relig. Innovation? Formed own religion, Din ilahi
12) What areas of culture fused to a large extent? Mughal ptg. & architecture
13) What happened to Indian music & why? Strict ban vs music by Aurangzab
-> Musicians fled to countryside-> blended w/native music
ECT: What happened to Language? Persian + native Ind. Lang.-> Urdu
14) Two policies by Aurangzab-> Mughal decline? 1) Overextension to S.-> Exhausted
& 2) Persecution of Hindus-> long term strife b/w Hindus & Muslims
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Video Quiz Bowl!!
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What was odd about how Indians built their ships & why did they do it that way?They had no nails because they feared giant magnets would suck them down to the bottom of the sea
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What are these called and what mystical movement of Islam are they part of?Whirling dervishes; Sufism
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What fort is this & what did Babur call it?Gwalior; “the pearl of Indian forts
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What incident does this illustrate?
Akbar throwing a corrupt minister over a balcony to indicate he will rule in his own name now.
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What incident does this illustrate?Akbar chasing another elephant while the bridge beneath him is collapsing.
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What is this a picture of and what happened to it?Akbar’s new capital, Sikri Fathpur (Town of victory). It had to be abandoned after 15 years because the water supply was inadequate.
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Who is being depicted in this Persian miniature and what seems odd about that?
Alexander the Great in combat against Darius. Although Darius, not Alexander, was the Persian king, Alexander was adopted by the Persians as one of their own legendary heroes.
What was the Persian form of Alexander’s name?
Sikander
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Noah’s sons throwing Satan from the ark.
What does this Mughal painting depict?
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What does this Mughal painting depict?Krishna lifting Mt Govardhan to protect his followers from Indra’s wrath.
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What is this design called?
Shamsa (sunburst)
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Who built the Taj Mahal?
Shah Jahan’s original plan was to create a duplicate tomb for himself opposite this one, except in black marble.
What is its function?
Shah Jahan
Tomb for his wife. What is incomplete about it?