fbc haem lecture 1sa13 clickup 1.ppt [read-only]

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Basophil

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Page 1: FBC Haem Lecture 1SA13 ClickUP 1.ppt [Read-Only]

Basophil

Page 2: FBC Haem Lecture 1SA13 ClickUP 1.ppt [Read-Only]

Basophils

• Least numerous cells in peripheral blood• Large dark purple granules which obscure nucleus

• Increased in myeloproliferative disorders

Page 3: FBC Haem Lecture 1SA13 ClickUP 1.ppt [Read-Only]

Thrombocytopenia

• Decreased production 

• Increased destruction/consumption– ITP– DIC– HUS / TTP

• Hypersplenism

• Dilution (post transfusion)

Page 4: FBC Haem Lecture 1SA13 ClickUP 1.ppt [Read-Only]

History in Bleeding Tendency

• Onset of bleeding

• Nature of bleeding

• Drugs used

• Family history

• Spontaneous or following trauma

Page 5: FBC Haem Lecture 1SA13 ClickUP 1.ppt [Read-Only]

Evaluation of Bleeding (1)

Thrombocytopenia

• Spontaneous bleeding (platelets < 10 X 109/l)• Mucosal bleeding (epistaxis, gum bleeding)• Ecchymoses and petechiae

Page 6: FBC Haem Lecture 1SA13 ClickUP 1.ppt [Read-Only]

Evaluation of Bleeding (2)

Clotting factor deficiency

• Bleeding after surgery (dental extraction, circumcision)

• Bleeding into joints or muscles• Delayed bleeding• Family history

Page 7: FBC Haem Lecture 1SA13 ClickUP 1.ppt [Read-Only]

Evaluation of Bleeding (3)

Patient who is bleeding with a normal platelet count and normal coagulation screen:

Do bleeding time/PFA‐100

Platelet function defectVon Willebrand disease, aspirin

Page 8: FBC Haem Lecture 1SA13 ClickUP 1.ppt [Read-Only]

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

• Measures the rate of fall of a column of red cells in plasma in 1 hour

• Determined by plasma concentration of proteins

• Raised in anaemia• Non specific indicator of disease activity• ↑ ESR – infection, inflammation, malignancy, pregnancy

Page 9: FBC Haem Lecture 1SA13 ClickUP 1.ppt [Read-Only]

Westergren ESR

Page 10: FBC Haem Lecture 1SA13 ClickUP 1.ppt [Read-Only]
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Page 13: FBC Haem Lecture 1SA13 ClickUP 1.ppt [Read-Only]

Bone marrow aspirate

Page 14: FBC Haem Lecture 1SA13 ClickUP 1.ppt [Read-Only]
Page 15: FBC Haem Lecture 1SA13 ClickUP 1.ppt [Read-Only]

Immunophenotyping (Flow Cytometry)

Page 16: FBC Haem Lecture 1SA13 ClickUP 1.ppt [Read-Only]

Translocation

Page 17: FBC Haem Lecture 1SA13 ClickUP 1.ppt [Read-Only]

Karyotype showing t(9;22)

Page 18: FBC Haem Lecture 1SA13 ClickUP 1.ppt [Read-Only]
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Page 20: FBC Haem Lecture 1SA13 ClickUP 1.ppt [Read-Only]

Evidence of Clonality

• Differentiates reactive from neoplastic conditions

• Evidence of clonality:– Recurring cytogenetic abnormality e.g. Ph+– Light chain restriction i.e. kappa or lambda– IgH gene rearrangement– T‐cell receptor gene rearrangement