PHYSICAL,CHEMICAL AND

BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF

FATS AND OIL

PRSENTED BY:K.P SHABANA BIBI

Cottonseed Oil

Cottonseed oil: a seemingly harmless substance that you

may be eating every day of your life. It is found in a

variety of processed foods. It is so cheap, in fact that it

costs producers next to nothing to manufacture.

The dirty past of this and other industrially-produced oils

like canola, soybean, sunflower, and safflower oils is not

so well-known. But once you understand about how it is

developed and manufactured, you might think twice

about ever eating it again.

History of Cottonseed Oil

One of the world’s most well-known products, Crisco, is a

product pioneered by Procter & Gamble, a company

owned by William Procter – a candle-maker, and his

brother-in-law James Gamble, a soap-maker. The meat

packing monopoly began regulating the pricing of lard

and tallow, which had formerly been the primary

ingredient used in the manufacturing of candles and

soap. Another factor affecting candle sales was the

growing use of electricity.

some products will find that contain cottonseed oil:

peanut butter

boxed cereals

crackers

cookies

packaged breads

salad oils

mayonnaise

dressings

marinades

margarine

cottonseed and other industrial oils

For cooking or frying:

Tallow (beef fat)

Lard (pork fat)

Coconut oil (use refined for high heat cooking or

frying)

Palm oil

Butter

Ghee

All of these should be from clean, sustainable (non-

GMO) sources. These are healthy fats because they are

saturated fats which are loaded with nutrients such as A,

D, E, and K2.

These fats are healthy to consume because they

are from natural sources that have not been altered. It’s

important to know what source your fats are coming from

to ensure they are produced sustainably and in harmony

with nature.

WASTE OIL TREATMENT

Waste oil refers to the byproducts of oil

used in automobiles and other machinery. The oil

used for lubrication purposes in machines is

often replaced regularly since it gets

contaminated from deposits of dirt, water, metals

and antifreeze. If this waste oil is disposed off

without any treatment, then it poses a

considerable threat to the environment.

Techniques

Many techniques are employed to treat waste oil. Some of these include acid/clay treatment, distillation processes, hydro treatment, solvent treatment, cracking, blending and compounding. To increase the purity of the treated oils, it is further refined using a combination of technologies such as decanting, settling and filtering. Recycling of waste oil is very important since in United States alone, it can annually save the energy equivalent of 7 to 12 million bbl of crude oil.

Acid-Clay Process

Acid-clay process is one of the popular

treatment methods for waste oil. In this process, the

waste oil is treated with sulfuric acid. This acid reacts

conversely with oxygen compounds and some sulfur-

and nitrogen-based compounds to form sludge.

Further refining is done in order to remove paraffinic

and naphthenic hydrocarbons.

Even after refining, there would be still some color and

odor bodies present in the oil which is later removed by treatment

with activated clay. The problem with this method is that it produces

a large volume of acid--sludge that is contaminated with petroleum.

Dehydration Method

Dehydration method is a process by which the

impurities are removed through low temperature

distillation. The oil thus refined is used as "cutter

stock" for combining with heavy bunker oils. This

process significantly reduces impurities in waste oil

such as antifreeze, water and other solvents. But, the

disadvantage is that this process does not reduce ash

and such other residues and this limits its use in other

markets.

Hydro-Treatment and Cracking

Hydro treatment, cracking and high temperature

distillation are some of the other methods employed to

refine waste oil. But these methods are generally

uneconomic, unsafe and are inconceivable to be used

in a small scale. In hydro-treatment process, the waste

oil undergoes a process that includes distillation and

condensation.

CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF OIL

Evaluation of corrosion inhibitors, biocides,

scale inhibitors and oxygen scavengers for

the oil and gas industry.

Intertek CAPCIS offers oil and gas chemical treatments

field sampling, laboratory studies and product selection to

field optimisation. Selecting appropriate and optimal

chemical inhibition systems is a key component of

corrosion management strategy. Standard tests are often

inadequate for this purpose.

CHEMICAL TREAMENT OF FAT

fats may be decomposed into glycerin and fatty acids.

This manner of decomposition takes place only in the

presence of moisture. For each molecule of glycerin set

free there are set free three molecules of fatty acid.

In the process three molecules of water are taken up,

partly to help re-form the glycerin and partly to help re-

form the fatty acids. Conversely (in the laboratory) the fat

may be reconstituted from glycerin and fatty acid, in

which event three molecules of water are set free for

each molecule of fat synthesized.