fatigue in the workplace: causes, consequences and ... · 5 © 2017 national safety council...
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© 2017 National Safety Council
Fatigue in the Workplace: Causes,
Consequences and Managing Risk
Emily [email protected]
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Fatigue impairment
Causes & effects
Managing fatigue
Resources
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Fatigue is an impairment…
that affects productivity
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decrease in
productivity6%
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decrease in
productivity6%
That’s about 11 days a year in
presenteeism for
Untreated insomniacs
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Fatigue is an impairment…
that affects safety
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of
work injuries could be attributed to
sleep problems
13%
In 2014, a meta-analysis showed…
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Workers had <2 hours of
sleep
Three Mile Island Tracy Morgan’s Crash
Meltdown occurred at
4:00am
Trucker was sleep
deprived
Credit: Sleep Health Institute of Brigham and Women’s Hospital – Sleep Matters Initiative
NASA Shuttle Challenger
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THE FACTS:
Drowsy driving is
impaired driving
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NTSB study found…
20% of investigations identified
fatigue as a probable cause, contributing
factor, or a finding
Marcus, J. H., & Rosekind, M. R. (2017). Fatigue in transportation: NTSB
investigations and safety recommendations. Injury prevention, 23(4), 232-238.
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NTSB study found…
Fatigue was a factor in
40% of highway crashes
Marcus, J. H., & Rosekind, M. R. (2017). Fatigue in transportation: NTSB
investigations and safety recommendations. Injury prevention, 23(4), 232-238.
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of fatal crashes involve
a drowsy driver21%
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Fatigue is an impairment…
that is widespread
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Fatiguein the Workplace
Survey Series available at
NSC.org/FatigueSurvey
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nsc.org/FatigueSurvey
Prevalence of
fatigue risk factors
and
safety critical
incidents
caused by fatigue
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A recent study of 2,010 working Americans showed
97% of employees have at least
one risk factor for fatigue
nsc.org/FatigueSurvey
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© 2017 National Safety Council Marcus, J. H., & Rosekind, M. R. (2017). Fatigue in transportation: NTSB
investigations and safety recommendations. Injury prevention, 23(4), 232-238.
37% of drivers
admit to
falling asleep behind the wheel
National Sleep Foundation. 2005 Sleep in America Poll.
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nsc.org/FatigueSurvey
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90% of
employers
reported being
negatively
impacted by
fatigue. nsc.org/FatigueSurvey
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Fatigue is expensive.
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A single employee with sleep
problems costs an employer
$3,500 a yearin lost productivity, absenteeism
and increased health care costs
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An employer with 700
employees can expect to pay
$1 million a year for tired employees
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How much is fatigue costing your
organization?
Visit nsc.org/TiredatWork
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© 2017 National Safety CouncilVisit nsc.org/TiredatWork
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Fatigue impairment
Causes & effects
Managing fatigue
Resources
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Effects of fatigue
Fatigue impairs
cognitive functionFatigue
decreases
performance
Fatigue increases
safety risks
Fatigue affects
your health
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Attention
Memory
Concentration
Vigilance
Impulse control
Fatigue deceases
cognitive function…
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Effects of fatigue
Fatigue impairs
cognitive functionFatigue
decreases
performance
Fatigue increases
safety risks
Fatigue affects
your health
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Sleep loss mimics alcohol intoxication
A person who loses 2 hours of sleep
performs similarly to someone who
drinks 3 beers
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Driving while tiredincreases your crash risk
similar to driving drunk
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Why are we poor drivers
when we’re tired?
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Performance effects
• Slower reaction time
• Decreased vigilance
• Decreased attention
• Decreased impulse
control
Microsleep
• Brain goes “offline”
• Short, unintended
sleep episodes
Drowsy driving is impaired driving
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Performance effects
• Slower reaction time
• Decreased vigilance
• Decreased attention
Microsleep
• Brain goes “offline”
• Short, unintended
sleep episodes
Drowsy driving is impaired driving
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Effects of fatigue
Fatigue impairs
cognitive functionFatigue
decreases
performance
Fatigue increases
safety risks
Fatigue affects
your health
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Accidents and injuries
Motor vehicle crashes
Fatigue increases
safety risks
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Tired workers are at
higher risk of injury
Hours of sleep Annual injury incident
rate (per 100)
Less than 5 hours 7.89
5 to 5.99 hours 5.21
6 to 6.99 hours 3.62
7 to 7.99 hours 2.27
8 to 8.99 hours 2.50
9 to 9.99 hours 2.22
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Hours of sleep Annual injury incident
rate (per 100)
Less than 5 hours 7.89
5 to 5.99 hours 5.21
6 to 6.99 hours 3.62
7 to 7.99 hours 2.27
8 to 8.99 hours 2.50
9 to 9.99 hours 2.22
More sleep
less likely to
get hurt at work
=
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Long hours put workers at
higher risk of injury
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Effects of fatigue
Fatigue impairs
cognitive functionFatigue
decreases
performance
Fatigue increases
safety risksFatigue affects
your health
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Obesity
Heart disease
Diabetes
Depression
Early death
Sleep loss affects
your health
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Sleep deficiency and untreated sleep
disorders costs employers…
$3,000 per employee per year in
increased health care costs
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Work or task demands
Sleep loss
Circadian rhythm misalignment
Causes of Fatigue
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Why are we not getting
enough sleep?
Untreated sleep disorders
Not prioritizing sleep
Work schedules interfere
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Why are we not getting
enough sleep?
Untreated sleep disorders
Not prioritizing sleep
Work schedules interfere
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Why are we not getting
enough sleep?
Untreated sleep disorders
Not prioritizing sleep
Work schedules interfere
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50-70 million people in the U.S.
are living with a sleep disorder
Up to 90% are
undiagnosed and untreated
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Obstructive
Sleep Apnea is associated with…
Insomniais associated with…
Depression
Hypertension
Mortality
Diabetes
Hypertension
Cardiovascular
disease
Heart attack
Stroke
Mortality
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Obstructive
Sleep Apnea is associated with…
Insomniais associated with…
Depression
Hypertension
Mortality
Diabetes
Hypertension
Cardiovascular
disease
Heart attack
Stroke
Mortality
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Work or task demands
Sleep loss
Circadian rhythm misalignment
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Causes of Fatigue
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Fatigue definitionCircadian Rhythm
Misalignment
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Fatigue definitionCircadian Rhythm
Misalignment
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Fatigue definitionCircadian Rhythm
Misalignment
nsc.org/FatigueSurvey
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Work or task demands
Sleep loss
Circadian rhythm misalignment
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Causes of Fatigue
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Work Demands & Fatigue
Time on task
Boring or
mentally demanding
tasks are tiring
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Environment
Noise, air quality,
lighting
Work Demands & Fatigue
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Scheduling practices
Rotation, speed, length,
shift returns, breaks
Work Demands & Fatigue
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Fatigue impairment
Causes & effects
Managing fatigue
Resources
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Fatigue can be managedat home and in the workplace
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Policies, practices,
programs and
procedures that
incorporates fatigue risk
management into an
existing safety system.
FRMS
Fatigue risk
management
systems
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nsc.org/FatigueReport
Newest report detailing a
fatigue risk
management system
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nsc.org/FatigueReport
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Sleep HealthEducation
& Screening
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“When you live and
breathe safety like we do, screening and
treating drivers with sleep apnea is just
the right thing to do.”
- Tom DiSalvi,
- Schneider vice president of safety and loss prevention
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Drivers with untreated OSA
had 5x the crash risk as
those complying with treatment
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OSA treatment resulted in a 73%
reduction in preventable crashes
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OSA treatment resulted 47.8%
reduction in per member per month
(PMPM) health care spending
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nsc.org/FatigueReport
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• Daily and weekly limits
• Limits on night shifts or early
morning shifts
• Rest period & shift returns
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nsc.org/FatigueReport
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nsc.org/FatigueReport
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nsc.org/FatigueReport
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Fatigue impairment
Causes & effects
Managing fatigue
Resources
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© 2019 National Safety Council
nsc.org/FatigueAtWork
Video instructions for
using each section of
the kit:
• Education & Training
• Policies and Practices
• Shared Responsibility
• Data-driven Programs
Education & Training
Resources:
• Safety talks
• Fact sheets
• Posters
• Training videos
Topic Areas:
•Sleep health
•Drowsy driving
•Fatigue
Policies & Practices
Resources:
•FRM program manual templates
• Infographics
•Fact sheets
Shared Responsibility
Resources:
•Safety talk
•Fact sheet
•Poster
Data-driven Programs
Resources:
•Assessments
• Incident reporting
•Signs and symptoms checklist